英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（全国甲卷）

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绝密★考试结束前 2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷A（全国甲卷）                                   英  语（测试时间：120分钟  卷面总分：150分）注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分  听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。What does the man suggest the woman buy for Thomson?A music CD.             B. A book of poetry.          C. An English novel.Where does the man want to go?A bus station.            B. A palace.                C. A bookstore.How long does the man have to wait for the next train?5 minutes.               B. 45 minutes.              C. 50 minutes.What does the woman ask the man to do?Take the fitness class.       B. Pick up Peter.          C. Give her a ride.What does the woman mean?Anne is cleverer and more diligent than Julia.Julia doesn’t want to be a dancer.Anne and Julia are both famous. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。Where does the conversation probably take place?In a car.         B. At home.          C. In a hotel.What will the speakers do next?Check a map.         B. Find another route.       C. Book a room.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。Why does the man call the woman?To make an appointment.To put off an appointment.To confirm an appointment.What will the woman do tomorrow morning?Attend a meeting.        B. Receive a visitor.         C. Work on a report.When will the woman see Dr. Parker?At 1:15 p.m.         B. At 2:00 p.m.         C. At 4:00 p.m.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。What does the woman say about the apartment?It is a little expensive.       B. Its rent includes electricity.    C. It doesn’t have an elevator.What is the man going to do next?See the apartment.       B. Go to the gym.       C. Work overtime.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?Husband and wife.       B. Friends.       C. Landlord and renter.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。What are the speakers mainly talking about?The landscapes in their countries.The famous scenic spots in their countries.The good places for sports in their countries.What are the hills like in the man’s country?They are extremely high.They are in the southwest of the country.They are all less than 1,000 meters high.What does the woman think of her country’s coast?It is long.          B. It is varied .         C. It is flat.What does the man’s country have?Many lakes.         B. Many waterfalls.         C. Many rivers.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。When was Tommy born?In 1898.       B. In 1909.       C. In 1911.To what does Sheila owe Tommy’s health?Help from the vet.Large amounts of nursing fee.Love and a healthy diet.What do we know about Hermann’s tortoises?They are endangered now.They aren’t close to their owners.Most of them typically live to be 100. 第二部分  阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。A4 Study and Homework Apps for Android!BrainlyPrice：Free/$15per 3 months/$24 per yearBrainly is a social network for learners. You sign up, ask questions, and get answers (usually). Additionally, you can browse the site, answer other people's questions, and help them out as well. They charge on a quarter basis ($15) or a yearly basis ($24).ForestPrice: Free/Up to $1.99Forest is a different type of app. One of the biggest distractions during study is your smartphone. Forest helps put a stop to that. You open the app and a tree grows. The tree dies if you leave the app. Thus, there is a little motivation to leave the thing alone while you study or do homework.Google Play BooksPrice: Free app, book costs vary    Google Play Books is an excellent source of learning material. Sometimes your textbook just isn't enough and apps like this have plenty of additional resources. Books cost money obviously. However, you only pay for them once. Books are available offline on your smartphone or tablet.QuizletPrice: Free/$19.99 per year    Quizlet is one of the most popular flashcard apps for language learning. You can create flashcards play memory games, and even share flashcards with classmates. It also supports 18 languages for about any subject or topic. The free version should work just fine for simple uses, though. The premium version costs $19.99 per year, which isn't expensive for a study aid.21. What is special about Forest?A. It answers your questions.                B. It helps keep you focused.C. It provides textbooks for your study.        D. It motivates you to plant more trees.22. Which app can you choose to learn languages?A. Brainy           B. Forest               C. Quizlet        D. Google Play Books23. What do these apps have in common?A. They have enough learning resources.     B. They are designed to do homework quickly. C. They have no advertisements            D. They charge for some services. BWhile Disney animations are successful in moving their audiences, their subsidiary（子公司）Pixar is expert at creating tear-jerking movies as well.At first sight, it is remarkable that these movies make us cry—the main characters are cartoon characters, in most cases not even human beings, who do things that could evidently never happen in the real world: toys come to life, monsters are to scare sleeping children, and helium-balloon-powered houses travel the world. How can a story so unrealistic make us care so much about their animated main characters?The Pixar creators explained that their stories often reflect their own personal lives. Whereas the animated characters are far from real, their lives are relatable. The magical ingredient is the realistic portrayal of the complex emotional lives of the characters.As Pixar director Pete Doctor explains: “What you’re trying to do, when you tell a story, is to write about an event in your life that made you feel a particular way. And what you’re trying to do, when you tell a story, is to get the audience to have that same feeling. While this is true for storytelling in general, it is especially important in Pixar movies, given that the basic plots of their movies cannot happen in real life.”What makes Pixar’s highly unrealistic stories believable is the fact that they address problems that are central to our own lives. Pixar addresses real human matters such as family, friendship, death, loss, and the highly realistic emotions that such events evoke in our life.The effect of the story thus depends on the human capacity to empathize with others: to recognize which emotions others experience, and to understand why others feel how they feel. The fact that empathy is learned and developed through life may well be the reason why these movies are entertaining for kids but rather devastating and heart-crushing for adults.Every Pixar movie has the moment when we cry. We learn and feel with the characters through the realistic portrayal of their emotional lives. The stories appeal to our deepest emotions and, thus, make us cry. Because, essentially, Pixar stories are about us.24. Which real issue may not be dealt with in Pixar’s movies?A. Family conflicts. B. Romantic love.C. A political issue. D. The betrayal of a friend.25. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The Pixar’s movies are not only entertaining for kids but also heart-breaking for adults.B. Pixar can create touching movies because of the support from Disney.C. Both the realistic emotions and real human matters are shown vividly in Pixar’s tear-jerking movies.D. People can find empathy more easily in animation movies than in any other movies.26. The key reason for the success of Pixar’s movies lies in _________.A. empathy of the audienceB. the delicate film designC. the adorable cartoon charactersD. good taste of the audience27. What’s the best title of the passage?A. How to Make Unrealistic Stories Believable?B. How Do Disney Pixar Movies Make Us Cry?C. Why Are Human Easily Attracted by Movies?D. What Makes Disney Pixar Movies Successful? C City parks have long been a place for urban residents to get a small amount of green. As cities increasingly feel the impacts of rising seas and temperatures, people are rethinking the roles of urban parks.All of the dark-gray asphalt (沥青) in cities collect heat. Dallas is one of the country’s fastest-warming cities thanks in part to its extensive impervious (不透水的) surfaces, but with a new $312 million bond package, the city is hoping to change that. Using satellite data, the city is able to see what neighborhoods most need the cooling effect of green spaces.Cities are increasingly flooding and city planners think parks can help with this issue too. A report published in February by The Nature Conservancy looked at the best ways to deal with flooding in Houston, a city with many neighborhoods built on floodplains and regularly flooded by rising waters. Offering affected homeowners buyouts and transforming homes into green spaces would save more money than installing infrastructure (基础设施) like pipes, they found.Brendan Shane, a climate program director, says parks can create opportunities for people to exercise and play, in addition to cooling neighborhoods and absorbing floodwater. “The stronger the bonds are from neighbor to neighbor, the better they are able to react to a shock,” he says.“Not a single solution by itself will avoid the climate crisis. We see parks as an important part of it, but there isn’t a silver bullet,” says Diane Regas, CEO of The Trust for Public Land. “Parks are an example of what we in the environmental community need to do to reach solutions that address climate change at the same time and make people’s lives better.”28．What does the city Dallas want to deal with?A．The lack of green spaces. B．The way of collecting heat.C．The effect of rising seas. D．The bond between neighborhoods.29．What can be inferred from the report by The Nature Conservancy?A．Cities in the world are frequently flooded. B．City parks may help prevent city flooding.C．Cities needn’t invest much money in infrastructure. D．City parks affect people’s choice of a neighborhood.30．What does Brendan Shane say about parks?A．They can enable people to get over a shock. B．They can reduce air pollution effectively.C．They can perform positive social functions. D．They can help people to keep a cool head.31．What does the underlined phrase “a sliver bullet” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．A fast and effective solution. B．A successful example.C．An immediate and clear cause. D．An impractical method.DIn a study published in Nature Machine Intelligence, researchers at Ohio State University show how artificial intelligence (AI) can follow clinical trials to identify drugs for repurposing, a solution that can help advance innovative treatments.Repurposing drugs is legal and not unusual. When doctors prescribe drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for purposes different from what is printed on the labels, the drugs are being used “off - label”. Just because a drug is FDA - approved for a specific type of disease does not prevent it from having possible benefits for other purposes.For example, Metformin, a drug that is FDA - approved for treating type 2 diabetes, is also used to treat PCOS (a disease of women), and other diseases. Trazodone, an anti - depressant with FDA - approval to treat depression, is also prescribed by doctors to help treat patients with sleep issues.The Ohio State University research team created an AI deep learning model for predicting treatment probability with patient data including the treatment, outcomes , and potential confounders (干扰因素).Confounders are related to the exposure and outcome. For example , a connection is identified between music festivals and increases in skin rashes (红疹). Music festivals do not directly cause skin rashes. In this case, one possible confounding factor between the two may be outdoor heat, as music festivals tend to run outdoors when the temperature is high, and heat is a known cause for rashes. When working with real - world data, confounders could number in the thousands. AI deep learning is well-suited to find patterns in the complexity of potentially thousands of confounders.The researcher team used confounders including population data and co-prescribed drugs. With this proof -of-concept, now clinicians have a powerful AI tool to rapidly discover new treatments by repurposing existing medications.32. What do we know about a drug used off-label?A. It is sold without a label. B. It is available at a low price.C. Its uses extend beyond the original. D. Its clinical trials are rejected by doctors.33. What do Metformin and Trazodone have in common?A. They are used off-label. B. They treat rare diseases.C. They result in sleep issues. D. They are medical breakthroughs.34. What can be inferred about “confounders"?A. They are possible treatments. B. They are environmental factors.C. They can be easily recognized in data. D. They should be taken into consideration.35. What is the main idea of the text?A. AI examines benefits of existing drugs. B. AI identifies off-label uses for drugs.C. AI proves the power of drug research. D. AI finds new drugs for common diseases. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ways to Improve Yourself by 1% Each DayMany people treat “life” as something that happens to them. They are the victim. ____36____ And then there are those who are clear on their goals. When something goes wrong, they are the first to admit where they went wrong. How can you live a life by design instead of by default?Set goals and actually achieve them____37____ “New Year’s Resolutions” are the worst (or best) example of this. It’s easy to set goals, but very few people follow through with them to the end. People who live by design practice the habit of setting goals and actually achieving them. This constant practice is what allows them to set bigger and bigger goals and see them through to completion.Surround yourself with people you want to be likeChoose your friends carefully. As they say, “____38____” Make sure that the individuals who occupy your life and time share your values. Ideally, these people should even be a little bit ahead of you, forcing you to stretch and continue to grow in the direction you’d like to go.Don’t be afraid to go your own wayWhen you go your own way, everyone will tell you that you're wrong at first. Everyone will point and share their opinion and then somewhere down the line, they will all come back around. ____39____ And they will ask you how you did it.Practice disciplineIn order for you to get to where you know you can go, you have to say “no” a hundred times more than you say the word “yes”. ____40____ And the only way to do so is to have a strong sense of self-awareness and discipline.A. Everybody sets goals.B. They create the life they want to live.C. Some people just don’t know when to quit.D. They will see the life you’ve built for yourself.E. You must be faithful to yourself and your goal.F. When things go wrong, it’s someone else’s fault.G. You are a reflection of those who you spend the most time with. 笫三部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节  完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Many years ago, I was working in an office in Halifax, Nova Scotia. We had large ____41___ that look out over a busy street. I was standing by one of those windows one day when a woman in a ____42___ car looked up and made eye contact. Naturally I ____43___. As she turned and tried to identify me, a quiet laugh ____44____ my lips.My co-workers began taking an interest, and stood back watching the ____45___ I received, and laughing happily. Then the stress of work ___46___ away.Christmas approached, and job ___47__ were announced. Several of my co-workers were losing their jobs, and everyone was ___48__. While I was working a night shift, a red jacket , a box of foam (泡沫橡胶）packing and strips of tape  in the corner attracted my __49___. They could be Santa’s jacket and beard! Then I folded a red file into a ___50___ and tied the beard to it.The next day I walked ___51___down into the office in the costume. My co-workers ___52____around me and laughed for the first time in weeks. Suddenly, my boss came to me, ___53___, shook his head and then left.I feared ____54___. Then the phone rang.With a bead of sweat ___55___  my forehead, I entered the boss’ office . __56___, he laughed: “Thanks, Mike! It’s been hard to enjoy the Christmas season. Thanks for the laugh. I ___57___ it.”That evening, I stood __58____ by the window and waved at my fans, with my heart __59___ with joy. For a few minutes of that day, we’d been able to forget our ___60____.41．A．balcony      B．windows      C．roof       D．curtain42．A．working      B．wandering      C．passing      D．following43．A．waved      B．welcomed      C．shouted      D．shook44．A．obtained      B．locked      C．grasped      D．escaped45．A．concerns      B．feelings      C．reactions      D．actions46．A．gave       B．turned      C．washed      D．carried47．A．loads       B．time       C．arrangement     D．cuts48．A．depressed      B．excited      C．confused      D．awkward49．A．notice      B．attention      C．appreciation     D．consideration50．A．jacket      B．tie       C．vest       D．hat51．A．sadly       B．nervously      C．embarrassedly    D．bravely52．A．got       B．gathered      C．turned      D．presented53．A．approached     B．backed off      C．stepped in      D．paused54．A．closure      B．difficulty      C．trouble      D．mistake55．A．pulling      B．rolling down     C．flowing      D．moving on56．A．lastly       B．Thus       C．Instead      D．However57．A．needed      B．claimed      C．declared      D．shared58．A．proudly      B．carefully      C．hopefully      D．silently59．A．filled       B．covered      C．equipped      D．loaded60．A．weakness      B．faults       C．losses      D．changes 第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Coffee is probably world's least expensive success power tool to increase focus, drive and even the life span. ___61___ （fortunate）we may not be enjoying its benefits or pleasure too much longer. According to ecologists，there is a good chance ___62___ the varieties of coffee that we drink today ___63___ （be）extinct in 20 or 30 years. The problem, of course, is the pace of climate change.Coffee is a crop that is only grown in a thin band ___64___（call）the “coffee belt” close to equator（赤道）, which is extremely vulnerable（易受...伤害的）to climate change. If the air is too hot ___65___ too cold, it prevents the growth of coffee plant. Climate change also creates ___66___ （environment）stress, which spreads pests and plant diseases. Almost all the coffee grown in the world today is one of two species, arabica or robuasta, both of ___67___ might be wiped out in this way. There are other species existing only in Ethiopia, ___68___ country that climate change is happening. In other words, climate change is eating away the root source that we might turn to ___69___ replacement species.What to do? Well, take the time ____70____ （enjoy）each cup of coffee you drink. 第四部分  写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词。2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。To enrich students school life and help us learn more about space exploration, our school organized a visit to the City Museum on the other day.At the beginning, some pictures and videos about space exploration were shown to them. By watching them, we learned a lot about many great achievement that had been made in our country. The astronauts’ devotion to the space exploration of our country leaves a deep impression on us. Afterwards, we experienced a life and work of astronauts, like how they do in our space station. All the teachers and students were very excited, try and touching everything.Such a great success the activity that it was highly spoken of. Hopeful, there will be even more activities like this. 第二节  书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，最近在准备英语课的演讲，主题为英国小说。请给你的英国朋友Mike写一封信，让他推荐一些阅读英国小说的网站，内容包括：1.演讲主题；2.对网站的要求； 3.期待回复。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________