英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B（天津专用）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷B (天津专用)
英语
第I卷(共115分)

一、听力(本大题共15小题,共20分)
第一节：听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What do you know about the woman?
A. She doesn’t like her own clothes. B. She wants to be a dress designer.
C. She is a famous dress designer.
2. When will the meeting be held?
A. At 12 a.m. B. At 10 a.m. C. At 8 a.m.
3. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. The woman’s appearance. B. The woman’s clothes.
C. The woman’s house.
4. What is the man’s job?
A. A shop assistant. B. A TV reporter. C. A businessman.
5. What’s the man’s attitude towards the old man?
A. Sympathy B. Pride C. Curiosity
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
听下面几段材料。每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段材料读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第8小题。
6. Why does the man praise the woman?
A. Her annual report is good.
B. She gets on well with her colleagues.
C. She is very careful in her work.
7. What do we know about the woman’s character?
A. She is too proud. B. She is not honest. C. She is modest.
8. What did the woman do the day before yesterday?
A. She asked for a leave.
B. She made some mistakes.
C. She went to the hospital.
听下面一段对话，回答第9至第11小题。
9. Where will the woman go?
A. The train station. B. The hotel. C. The beach.
10. How long will the woman stay in the city?
A. Two weeks. B. Three weeks. C. Four weeks.
11. How much does the woman pay the taxi driver?
A. 2.98 dollars. B. 3 dollars. C. 6 dollars.
听下面一段独白，回答第12至第15小题。
12. Where did the speaker watch birds last year?
A. In the mountains. B. In the forest. C. Near the lake.
13. Which season is NOT the best for bird watching?
A. Spring. B. Autumn. C. Summer.
14. Which of the following helps the speaker in bird watching?
A. A guide book. B. A flashlight. C. A tent.
15. Why does the speaker choose to watch birds in the morning?
A. Birds are more active then.
B. Birds mostly stay in their nests then.
C. The light is suitable for watching birds then.
听力答案：1-5 BABCA 6-10 ACBBA 11-15 BCCAA

二、单选题(本大题共15小题,共15分)
1.—Let’s take a coffee break.
—　　　 We’ve been working for hours. 
A.Why bother?　　　　　　　 B.What for?
C.You got me there. D.You said it.
答案:D
解析:句意:——咱们喝杯咖啡,休息一会儿吧。——我完全同意。我们已经连续工作好几个小时了。A项“何必麻烦”;B项“为什么”;C项“你难住我了”;D项“你说对了;我完全同意”。D项符合语境。
2.Perhaps the day will come 　　　people will be able to breathe clean air in cities. 
A.when B.while C.as D.since
答案:A
解析:句意:或许终有一天,人们能在城市里呼吸到新鲜空气。结合句意分析句子结构可知,后面的从句不缺主语,也不缺宾语,空格处所填词应做从句的状语。当先行词为表示时间的词,且从句中缺少时间状语时,引导词用when。故选A项。
3.No matter what you do, you should put your 　　　into it. 
A.mind B.heart C.brain D.thought
答案:B
解析:句意:不管你做什么,你都应该全身心地投入。put one’s heart into“全身心地投入”。故选B项。
4.We started off on foot 　　　David had a passion for walking. 
A.when B.though C.as D.unless
答案:C
解析:句意:由于大卫喜欢走路,我们就步行出发了。此处表示原因,故选C项。
5.Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer.You need 　　　to complete the things you want to do. 
A.it B.that C.them D.ones
答案:C
解析:句意:专业技能是像刀子和锤子一样的工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。them特指,用于指代可数名词的复数;ones泛指可数名词的复数形式。此处指代可数名词复数“tools”且做宾语,故用them。
6.　　　 and I’ll get the work finished. 
A.Having one more hour B.One more hour
C.Given one more hour D.If I have one more hour
答案:B
解析:句意:要是再有一个小时,我就完成工作了。题干是“祈使句+and+表示结果的陈述句”。A、C两项是非谓语动词,不能构成句子;D项是条件状语从句,不是并列分句。B项是名词词组,相当于一个祈使句,表示条件。
7.The mother couldn’t figure out 　　　made her son spend so much time in preparing for this match. 
A.what it was that B.that it was that
C.it was what that D.what was it that
答案:A
解析:谓语动词figure out后面的“　　　made her son spend so much time in preparing for this match”是宾语从句,根据选项可知这个宾语从句用强调句型,语序是:特殊疑问词+it+is/was that ...。 
8.—Will Mr.Black go to the opening ceremony this weekend?
—No,he has finally decided 　　　. 
A.not B.not to go
C.not to D.not to go to
答案:C
解析:decided后面的完整形式是not to go to the opening ceremony,为了避免重复只留下not to,把其他重复的内容省略。
9.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death,smartphones defeated 　　　PCs in sales. 
A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional
答案:D
解析:句意:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世5年后,智能手机在销量上就打败了传统的个人电脑。根据句意可知此题应选D项。conventional“传统的”;controversial“有争议的”;contradictory“自相矛盾的”;confidential“机密的”。
10.My father called me yesterday,asking me 　　　I was getting along with the exam. 
A.when B.how C.whether D.why
答案:B
解析:“　　　I was getting along with the exam”是asking的宾语从句,这个从句缺少的是方式状语,故用how表示“(考试情况)怎么样?” 
11.As far as I’m concerned,they couldn’t,　　　 they would,get out of trouble by themselves. 
A.even if B.what if C.only if D.as if
答案:A
解析:句意:我个人认为,他们即使想(摆脱),也无法独立摆脱困难。even if“即使”,符合句意,在此引导让步状语从句。what if“要是……会怎样呢”;only if “只有”;as if “好像”。
12.Many people who live along the coast make a living 　　　fishing industry. 
A.at B.in C.on D.by
答案:B
解析:句意:很多居住在沿海的人都以捕渔业为生。根据句意,in在此处表示“从事某种工作”,符合语意,故选B项。
13.There is no need to worry about the policy,experts say,　　　 a couple can give birth to two children will set off a rapid rise of population. 
A.which B.that
C.what D.whether
答案:B
解析:句意:专家们说,没必要担心一对夫妇能够生两个孩子的这个政策会引起人口的快速增长。根据句子结构可知,本空引导同位语从句,做the policy的同位语,从句中不缺成分,故用that。
14.There are occasions 　　　backpackers are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. 
A.when B.where
C.which D.what
答案:A
解析:句意:背包客是如此劳累,以至于他们几乎在任何地方都能睡着。这样的情况是有的。occasion“(某事发生的)时候,场景”,是一个时间概念,关系词在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此使用关系副词when。
15.It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city,so it’s important to 　　　a good map before you set out. 
A.study B.display C.deliver D.publish
答案:A
解析:句意:在一座陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路,因此出发前仔细看一份好地图是很重要的。study“研究”;display“展示;陈列”;deliver“递送;发表”;publish“出版”。

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题,共30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项.
Manuela got up earlier and bought two bags of cat food. She began going to the     16     barbershop on the corner, making her weekly visit to see Hussein, the old barber. Hussein was both     17     and delighted to see Manuela and the bags of food. The two hurried over to the tiny food dishes lined up in the alley. Several     18     appeared soon.
As the two     19     and made their way back inside the shop, Hussein’s smile      20     and he explained he was about to     21     the barbershop. He had been told to leave within 7 days. His     22     barbershop simply couldn’t pay enough rent and the landlord had invited another roomer, one who wouldn't be     23     animals outside.
Manuela’s eyes began to     24     as Hussein expressed his     25     about the homeless cats he cared for. But as fate would have it, there was something better     26     for the barber and his cats. As Manuela’s blog supporters read her     27     about Hussein, they, one after another,    28    subscribing to him and his cats. Every day for the next week, Manuela went to Hussein with the    29    . And on the fourth day, something unbelievable happened when Hussein was able to     30     a storefront in an old building near his shop. No electricity,     31    there was potential. Manuela and other people     32     to help paint and clear rubbish while electricians made all the necessary     33    .
In less than two weeks, the barber was back in     34     again. Through the kindness of strangers,     35    , his and his cats' whole world was brought back.
16. A.independent     B.familiar     C.expensive     D.ancient
17. A.grateful     B.patient     C.careful     D.attractive
18. A.neighbors     B.barbers     C.cats     D.customers
19. A.spoke out     B.backed off     C.set off     D.finished off
20. A.faded     B.froze     C.reappeared     D.accumulated
21. A.rebuild     B.sell     C.lose     D.decorate
22. A.dull     B.classic     C.remote     D.wide
23. A.purchasing     B.feeding     C.sheltering     D.collecting
24. A.glare     B.open     C.shine     D.flood
25. A.promises     B.adoration     C.anxiety     D.comments
26. A.in store     B.by chance     C.on purpose     D.at present
27. A.review     B.letter     C.post     D.invitation
28. A.suggested     B.remembered     C.reported     D.began
29. A.congratulations    B.decisions     C.announcements     D.contributions
30. A.return     B.secure     C.protect     D.spot
31. A.when     B.and     C.but     D.so
32. A.came by     B.cheered up     C.broke away     D.dropped out
33. A.appointments     B.connections     C.assumptions     D.budgets
34. A.comparison     B.advance     C.company     D.business
35. A.normally     B.thankfully     C.naturally     D.directly
【答案】
16.B; 17.A; 18.C; 19.D; 20.A; 21.C; 22.A; 23.B; 24.D; 25.C; 26.A; 27.C; 28.D; 29.D; 30.B; 31.C; 32.A; 33.B; 34.D; 35.B
【解析】
16.本空后面的"making her weekly visit to see Hussein, the old barber"显示,Manuela每周要去看望Hussein,说明她对理发店很熟悉,故选B。independent"独立的",expensive"昂贵的",ancient"古老的",文章没有相关信息,均不能入选。
17.本段第一句谈到Manuela —大早就去买了两袋猫粮,下文谈到Hussein在照顾流浪猫,所以当Hussein看到Manuela带来猫粮,他当然很感激(grateful)和髙兴。patient"耐心的", careful”仔细的”,attractive”有吸引力的",均与文章上下文内容不匹配。
18.第三段中的“Hussein expressed his 10 about the homeless cats he cared for"显示,Hussein在照顾流浪猫,且本句前的 "the tiny food dishes lined up in the alley"显示小巷里排列着很小的食盘,故他们一到那里,几只猫很快就出现了,故选C。neighbor"邻居",barber"理发师",customer"顾客",文章没有相关信息,均不能入选。
19.本空后面的“made their way back inside the shop"信息显示,他们准备回到理发店去;结合上文可知,他们喂完了流浪猫,故选D。speak out"公开说出",back off"退缩",set off "出发",均与上下文信息不符。
20.第一段谈到Hussein很髙兴;由空后的"he explained he was. . .7 days"可知,Hussein被告知7天之内必须搬离理发店,他将失去(lose)这家理发店,因此他的微笑慢慢消失(faded)了,故选A。freeze"(因害怕等)不动,惊呆", reappear"再现",accumulate"聚集",均与语境不符。
21.参见上题解析,故选C。rebuild"重建",sell"卖",decorate"装修",均与上下文内容不符。
22.本句中的"simply couldn’t pay enough rent"信息说明,这家理发店的生意不好,dull属于熟知词生义,在本句中意为"萧条的,不景气的",故选A。classic ”第一流的",remote”偏僻的";wide"宽阔的",与本句句意不能匹配。
23.由上文中Hussein在外面喂流浪猫可推知,这个新的租户不愿意喂养(feeding)这些流浪猫,故选B。purchase"购买", shelter"保护,掩蔽",collect”收集",与文章内容不符。
24.上文谈到Manuela每周都买猫粮给那些流浪猫,因此当她听说Hussein不得不搬走,而这些流浪猫没有人照顾时,她的眼睛蓄满泪水。flood意为"(使)灌满水,淹没",在此可理解为“眼中含满泪水”,故选D。glare”怒目而视",open"睁开",shine"放光",与语境不符。
25.上文谈到Hussein —直在照顾流浪猫,但以后不能再照顾它们了,所以他表达了对这些猫的担心(anxiety)。promise "许诺",adoration”热爱",comment"评论",均与上下文内容不符。
26.本空前面有“as fate(命运) would have it",故本空选A,表示"即将发生”。by chance"碰巧",on purpose "故意",at present"目前",均与文章上下文意义不符。
27.本空前面的"Manuela’s blog supporters read "信息说明,Manuela将这件事写成了帖子(post)发到了博客上,故选C。review"评论", letter "信",invitation"请帖",均与本句句意不符。
28.上文谈到Mamaela的博客支持者读了她的帖子,下文谈到在接下去的一周,Manuela每天都带捐款给Hussein,由此可知网友们一个接一个地开始(began)定期给Hussein和他的猫捐款,故选D。suggest ”建议",remember "记住", report "汇报",均与下文内容不符。
29.本空前面的"subscribing to him and his cats"信息说明,Manuela的支持者定期为Hussein和他的猫捐款,因此在接下来的一周,Manuela每天都带捐款(contributions )给Hussein,故选 D。congratulations "祝贺",decision"决定”, announcement"通告”,均与上下文内容不符。
30.本空前面谈到了在第四天,令人难以置信的事情发生了,由于有网友们的捐款,Hussein得以找到一间门面,故选B。secure是熟词生义,表示"(尤指经过努力)获得,取得"。 return"归还",protect"保护,spot"发现",均与上下文内容不符。
31.上文中的"a storefront in an old building"和本空后的“there was potential"信息显示,这个门面很老旧,没有通电,但是(but)还是有潜力的,因此这里具有转折关系,故选C。 when"当……时",and"并且",so"因此",均与句意不符。
32.本空后面谈到人们帮助Hussein粉刷门面,清理垃圾,说明Manuela和其他人都过来(came by) —起帮忙,故选A。cheer up"高兴起来”;break away"离开,逃脱",drop out"退出",均与上下文内容不符。
33.上文谈到这是一间很老旧的门面,没有通电,所以这里指电工将所有必要的接头(connections)弄好,故选B。
34.上文谈到Hussein在人们的帮助下找到了新的门面,因此本空选D,表示不到两周时间,他再次恢复营业(in business),符合上下文情节发展。in comparison"相比较", in advance"提前",in company" 一起",均与文章内容不符。
35.上文谈到Hussein和他的流浪猫遇到了困难,Manuela和她的支持者们热心相助;再根据本空后提到的Hussein和他的流浪猫的天地又回来了,因此本空应用thankfully,表示 "幸亏,幸好”,故选B。normally"正常地”;naturally”自然地",directly"直接地",均与文章内容不符。


四、阅读理解(本大题共20小题,共50分)
A
JUNIPF.R INSTITUTE FOR YOUNG WRITERS
Hosted by University of Massachusetts Amherst
June 20-28, 2015
The Juniper Institute for Young Writers (JIYW) offers high school students a unique opportunity to participate in intensive creative writing workshops, craft sessions, and studio courses designed especially for young writers. We are pleased to announce that we are now accepting online applications for the 2015 session!
Eligibility (资格)
The Juniper Institute for Young Writers welcomes high school students. We operate on a rolling admissions basis (滚动录取招生政策), and we do our best to make admission decisions within 6 weeks of receiving applications. Once your application is accepted, enrollment (入学, 注册) in the JIYW is guaranteed on a first-come, first-served basis.
Application Process Overview
Applications are accepted online. The application deadline is March 2, 2015. Early application is encouraged, as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly! Application materials include: $30 application fee, a writing sample and a personal statement.
Application Fee
A non-refundable (不退款的) application fee of $30 is required with each application. Applicants pay the fee by debit (借记) or credit card through a secure site on the online application.
A Writing Sample
The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction. Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample.
A Personal Statement
This statement of no more than 300 words should describe your interest in the Juniper Institute for Young Writers. Please explain why this would be a meaningful opportunity for you and what you think you can contribute to the institute.
Tuition & Housing
Tuition of $1, 350 includes all institute activities (workshops, craft sessions, studio courses and field trips). You will need to pay a $200 non-refundable tuition deposit in order to guarantee your space. Remaining tuition is due in full no later than May 15, 2015.
The cost of housing is $216 for a shared room in our residence hall. Participants may opt (选择) to stay elsewhere off campus, but the immersive (沉浸式) nature of the program and residence life curriculum encourages on-campus residence.
36. The Juniper Institute for Young Writers program lasts ________.
A. 5 days B. 9 days C. 12 days D. 15 days
37. Potential applicants are advised to ________.
A. apply as early as possible B. live elsewhere off campus
C. inspect the residence hall D. pay the tuition in full
38. Which of the following is acceptable as the writing sample?
A. News reports. B. Biographies.
C. Short stories. D. Business letters.
39. Which of the following is NOT included in the tuition?
A. Studio courses. B. Craft sessions.
C. Field trips. D. Daily meals.
40. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. the program doesn’t accept online application
B. you can apply for this program before June 20, 2015
C. students’ on-campus residence is not compulsory
D. you can pay $216 to rent your own room in the residence hall
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了Juniper给年轻作家提供的程序所专门针对高中学生，鼓励大家尽早申请。
【36题详解】
细节理解题．根据文章June 20-28，2017可知Juniper给年轻作家的程序所持续9天。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段Early application is encouraged，as admission is competitive and the program fills quickly可知潜在的申请人应尽早申请。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章The writing sample should be 5-7 pages of fiction．Please include your name & email address as a header or footer in the writing sample可知短故事是接受的写作样本。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Tuition of﹩1，350 includes all institute activities （workshops，craft sessions，studio courses and field trips可知每日膳食不包括在学费中。故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The Juniper Institute for Young Writers （JIYW） offers high school students a unique opportunity to participate in intensive creative writing workshops，craft sessions，and studio courses designed especially for young writers可知程序是针对高中学生的。故选C。

B
Ten-year-old Sterling, a student at Stork Elementary in Alta Loma, California, says he would see grown-ups ignoring the stop sign near his school bus stop all the time.
Sterling and his mom were concerned that the drivers would get into crashes. So he and his mom decided to gather some statistics to show that stop-sign running at the intersection(十字路口) near his school bus stop was really a problem.
They made their plan to go out and start counting cars that stopped and cars that didn’t stop. As their research went on, they found the results were amazing. During the seven days they spent watching cars go through the intersection, they found that only one out of every three cars actually stopped at the stop sign. That means two out of every three cars did not stop.
“What if there is a kid who has to cross the street at that intersection, not knowing if the driver is coming toward him?” Sterling and his mom Thought. So they decided to give the statistics into the police department. And that was what they did.
John McMahon, governor of San Bernardino County Sheriff, found out about their traffic study, and he was deeply impressed. “I am not sure whether I have ever seen such a study of this depth coming from an elementary school student,” he said. “Police are keeping a much closer eye on the intersection so I think it is now a much safer intersection — and clearly, a much safer bus stop than it used to be.” On February 19, McMahon surprised Sterling at his school and gave him a special award for his traffic study. “It’s not every day that we get to recognize a student for going above and beyond and doing unbelievable thing for his community” McMahon said.
For Sterling, it’s not just about protecting himself from getting hurt in a car crash. It’s about protecting other kids, too. “Maybe we could do something to stop those crashes, and save some lives,” Sterling said.
41. How did Sterling feel when he saw adults ignoring the stop sign?
A. Angry. B. Worried. C. Surprised D. Frightened.
42. What did Sterling and his mother find after they observed for a week?
A. About a third of cars didn’t stop at the crossroads.
B. Most of the drivers didn’t obey the traffic rules.
C. Policemen didn’t remind the drivers to stop at the traffic light.
D. Kids always found it difficult to cross the street at the crossroads.
43. Why did Sterling hand his result of research into the police?
A. To show them an amazing result.
B. To show the importance of his research.
C. To turn to them for help.
D. To ask to build a traffic light there.
44. What can we know from what John McMahon said?
A. Students don’ t always have deep thoughts of society.
B. Policemen were not responsible before Sterling’s study.
C. He expected more students to help build their community.
D. Sterling’s contribution to his community has been accepted.
45. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Sterling made a difference by doing little things.
B. Sterling decides to devote himself to stopping the crashes.
C. Sterling felt proud of himself when mentioning his research.
D. Sterling did his study to make others care about the traffic safety
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了斯特林通过调查他的学校汽车站附近的十字路口的无视停车标志的情况，并把数据交给警察，从而解决了这个问题，来说明一些小事也能有大的影响。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ten-year-old Sterling, a student at Stork Elementary in Alta Loma, California, says he would see grown-ups ignoring the stop sign near his school bus stop all the time.(10岁的斯特林是加利福尼亚州阿尔塔洛马市斯托克小学的一名学生。他说，他经常看到大人们无视他学校汽车站附近的停车标志)”第二段中“Sterling and his mom were concerned that the drivers would get into crashes.(斯特林和他的母亲担心司机会发生车祸)”可知，当斯特林看到大人们无视停车标志时，他是担心的。故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“During the seven days they spent watching cars go through the intersection, they found that only one out of every three cars actually stopped at the stop sign. That means two out of every three cars did not stop.(在观察通过十字路口的车辆的七天里，他们发现实际上每三辆车中只有一辆在停止标志前停下。这意味着每三辆车中就有两辆没有停车)”可知，斯特林和他的母亲观察了一周后发现有三分之二的车无视了停车标志，所以大多数司机不遵守交通规则。故选B项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“'What if there is a kid who has to cross the street at that intersection, not knowing if the driver is coming toward him?'Sterling and his mom Thought. So they decided to give the statistics into the police department. And that was what they did.(“如果有一个孩子不得不在那个十字路口过马路，却不知道司机是否正朝他过来，那该怎么办?”斯特林和他的妈妈想。所以他们决定把统计数据交给警察局。这就是他们所做的)”可推知，斯特林要把他的研究成果交给警方，是担心其他过马路孩子的安全，向警方求助。故选C项。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中On February 19, McMahon surprised Sterling at his school and gave him a special award for his traffic study. “It’s not every day that we get to recognize a student for going above and beyond and doing unbelievable thing for his community.” McMahon said.(2月19日，麦克马洪在学校给斯特林一个惊喜，给他颁发了交通研究特别奖。麦克马洪说:“并不是每天我们都会因为一个学生超越了自己，为他的社区做了不可思议的事情认可一个学生。”)”可知，约翰·麦克马洪话中表达了希望更多的学生帮助建立他们的社区。故选C项。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文，我们知道斯特林通过调查学校汽车站附近的十字路口的停车标志确实是一个问题，之后把数据交给了警察局，再根据倒数第二段“Police are keeping a much closer eye on the intersection so I think it is now a much safer intersection— and clearly, a much safer bus stop than it used to be.(警方正在密切关注这个十字路口，所以我认为现在这个十字路口更加安全了—很明显，这个公交车站也比以前更安全了)”以及最后一段“For Sterling, it’s not just about protecting himself from getting hurt in a car crash. It’s about protecting other kids, too. “Maybe we could do something to stop those crashes, and save some lives,” Sterling said.(对于斯特林来说，这不仅仅是为了保护自己免受车祸的伤害。这也是为了保护其他孩子。斯特林说:“也许我们可以做些什么来阻止这些碰撞，挽救一些生命。”)”可推知，从这篇文章中我们知道斯特林通过做一些小事而有所不同。故选A项。
C
Spending over a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change your brain for the worse, according to new research out this month. It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom.
The study’s authors used MRI (核磁共振) to scan the brains of eight members of a team before they began a long stay at the German — run research station. During their mission, the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided blood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again.
Finally, compared to themselves before the mission, the explorers’ brains appeared to have less grey matter on average. The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus, in area of the brain key to memory and cognition. Their average levels of BDNF also dropped during the trip and didn’t improve significantly even after one-and-a-half months back home.
The study’s findings, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aren’t the first to suggest that long time of being separated can change the brain. But practically all of this work has involved animals, according to the researchers.
Of course an eight-person study is small, so any of its conclusions should be taken with caution. Lead author Alexander C. Stahn, now a researcher at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, said that the effects on the hippocampus are likely temporary, provided the scientists returned back to a life filled with social interaction and interesting things to see.
Still, since people will continue travelling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the only similarly scientific, months-long mission that would be even more lonely.
45. What will do damage to the brain according to the first paragraph?
A. Doing research in brain shrinkage B. Travelling to the Antarctica.
C. Working as a researcher in a station. D. Being in a lonely place for a long time.
46. How did the scientists get the conclusion?
A. By comparing the scanned results. B. By studying the previous figures.
C. By making a long-term program. D. By scanning the participants’ brains.
47. What can we infer about the explorers when they returned?
A. They were no longer used to the civilized world.
B. They had some difficulty in remembering things.
C. They became normal after one-and-a-half months.
D. They published their findings in a medical magazine.
48. What can we learn about the study?
A. The scientists are provided with various social activities.
B. Long time of being separated can change the brain of all animals.
C. Other researches have the same findings as the study.
D. Its conclusion may be relevant for those who are fond of travelling.
49. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The importance of the finding. B. The disadvantage of the finding.
C. The future development of the space. D. The possibility of travelling to Mars.
50. Which of the following is the passage probably taken from?
A. A travel diary. B. A psychology text book.
C. A medical brochure. D. A scientific magazine.
【答案】45. D 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有研究表明，在一个孤独的地方呆了很长时间会对大脑造成损害。文章介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Spending over a year in the bleak (荒凉的) Antarctica might change your brain for the worse, according to new research out this month. It seems to show that polar explorers who lived for 14 months at an Antarctica research station experienced brain shrinkage, likely as a result of their loneliness and boredom.(根据本月公布的一项新研究，在荒凉的南极洲度过一年多可能会让你的大脑变得更糟。这似乎表明，在南极研究站生活了14个月的极地探险家的大脑出现了萎缩，可能是由于他们的孤独和无聊)”可知，在一个孤独的地方呆了很长时间会对大脑造成损害。故选D。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The study’s authors used MRI (核磁共振) to scan the brains of eight members of a team before they began a long stay at the German-run research station. During their mission. the team periodically took tests of their cognition and memory and provided blood samples that allowed the study authors to measure their levels of a protein important for brain health called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). When they returned, they had their brains scanned again.(该研究的作者在一个团队的8名成员开始在德国运营的研究站长期停留之前，使用核磁共振成像扫描了他们的大脑。在他们执行任务过程中，研究小组定期对他们的认知和记忆进行测试，并提供血样，使研究作者能够测量他们的一种叫做脑源性神经营养因子的蛋白质水平，这种蛋白质对大脑健康很重要。当他们返回时，再次对他们的大脑进行扫描)”以及第三段“Finally, compared to themselves before the mission, the explorers' brains appeared to have less grey matter on average. The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus, in area of the brain key to memory and cognition. Their average levels of BDNF also dropped during the trip and didn’t improve significantly even after one-and-a-half months back home.(最后，与执行任务前相比，探险者的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显，海马是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域。他们的平均BDNF水平在旅途中也有所下降，即使在回家一个半月后也没有明显改善)”可知，科学家通过比较扫描结果得出结论。故选A。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Finally, compared to themselves before the mission, the explorers' brains appeared to have less grey matter on average. The shrinkage was most apparent in the hippocampus, in area of the brain key to memory and cognition.(最后，与执行任务前相比，探险家的大脑平均灰质较少。海马的萎缩最为明显，海马是大脑中记忆和认知的关键区域)”可推知，当探险家返回时，他们在记忆方面有些困难。故选B。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The study’s findings, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, aren't the first to suggest that long time of being separated can change the brain.(这项研究发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上，并不是第一个表明长时间的隔绝会改变大脑的研究)”可知，其他研究与本研究有相同的发现。故选C。
【49题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Still, since people will continue traveling to and from Antarctica for long periods of time, the findings are definitely worth keeping in mind and exploring further. They might even prove relevant for the rare few people who might travel as far as Mars in the future — perhaps the only similarly scientific, months-long mission that would be even more lonely.(尽管如此，由于人们将在很长一段时间内继续往返于南极洲之间，这些发现绝对值得我们牢记在心，并进行进一步的探索。他们甚至可能会被证明与未来可能远行到火星的极少数人有关——也许只有类似的科学性、长达数月的任务才会更加孤独)”可知，最后一段主要讲了这一发现的重要性。故选A。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了有研究表明，在一个孤独的地方呆了很长时间会对大脑造成损害。文章介绍了这项研究的过程、相关研究人员对此的看法和这一发现的重要性。由此推知，文章可能选自科学杂志。故选D。

D
It will come as no comfort to a child shivering (打哆嗦) on a playing field on a cold winter’s day. But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson. The difference in academic ability was noticeable even at age ten, with those who had taken in sports since the start of junior school performing better than those who hadn’t.
The Canadian study looked at children aged six and then ten. Professor Linda Pagani said:“We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up. By the time they reached the fourth grade, kids who played structured sports were clearly better at following instructions and remaining focused in the classroom. There is something special to the sporting environment — perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal — that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.”
Researchers began studying 2,694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was the repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had.
Professor Pagani said: “We found children who had better behavior in the kindergarten class were more likely to be involved in sport by age ten. Nevertheless, we found those children who were specifically involved in team sports at kindergarten scored higher by the time they reached the fourth grade.” The researchers believe sporting activities and attention skills go hand in hand. Professor Pagani added: “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.”
51. What kinds of children may do better in their academic study according to paragraph one?
A. Those who join in structured activities.
B. Those who don’t shiver on a cold winter’s day.
C. Those who don’t like school sports.
D. Those who take part in game lessons.
52. What did the researcher focus on in their research?
A. The classroom activities. B. The results of the exams.
C. The performance at kindergarten. D. The time spent in classrooms.
53. In the sporting environment, kids are more likely to ______.
A. understand each other better B. follow the rules
C. respect the teachers D. give up
54. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How scientists carried out the research.
B. Why parents were interviewed by phone.
C. How kids behaved at home or at school.
D. How many sports kids did at school.
55. What can we infer from Prof. Pagani’s words in the last paragraph?
A. The research will be of great benefit.
B. It’s necessary for children go to kindergartens.
C. Childhood obesity rates can lead to low attainment.
D. Team sports will be reduced at kindergartens.
【答案】51. D52. A53. B54. A55. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员认为体育活动和注意力技巧是密切相关的。参加体育活动的孩子比那些没有参加的孩子表现更好，更善于听从指示，在课堂上保持注意力集中。这似乎有助于孩子们理解遵守规则和履行责任的重要性。
51. D。细节理解题。根据第一段“But regular organized school sport helps children in their academic studies in years to come. The researchers said other “structured” activities such as music or religious activities were not as beneficial for attention as taking part in a games lesson.”（但是，定期组织学校体育活动有助于孩子们在未来几年的学业。研究人员称，其他“有组织”的活动，如音乐或宗教活动，对注意力的影响不如上）可知，那些经常参加游戏课的学生，在学术研究上可能做得更好。故选D。
52. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中“Professor Linda Pagani said:“We worked with information provided by parents and teachers to compare kindergarteners’ activities with their classroom activities as they grew up.”（琳达·帕加尼教授说:“我们利用家长和老师提供的信息，将幼儿的活动与他们成长过程中的课堂活动进行了比较。）可知，研究者们在研究中主要是针对成长过程中的课堂活动。故选A。
53. B。细节理解题。根据第二段中“There is something special to the sporting environment—perhaps the sense of belonging to a team to a special group with a common goal—that appears to help kids understand the importance of respecting the rules and honoring responsibilities.”（体育环境中有一些特殊的东西——也许是属于一个具有共同目标的团队或特殊群体的感觉——这似乎有助于孩子们理解遵守规则和履行责任的重要性。）可知，在体育的环境中学生更有可能学会遵守规则。故选B。
54. A。主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers began studying 2, 694 Canadian children around the age of six, with teachers filled in questionnaires about their behavior in school. Meanwhile, the children’s parents were interviewed by phone or in person about their home life. The exercise was the repeated four years later to test what effect the behavior had.”（研究人员开始研究2694名6岁左右的加拿大儿童，让老师填写关于他们在学校行为的问卷。与此同时，这些孩子的父母接受了电话或面对面的采访，了解他们的家庭生活。四年后，为了测试这种行为的影响，这个实验又重复了一次。）可知，这段主要讲了研究者们为了获得研究结果，是如何具体开展实施这项研究的。故选A。
55. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Professor Pagani added: “The results should be encouraging for schools looking to cut childhood obesity rates and low attainment in schools.””（帕加尼教授补充道：“这一结果对那些希望降低儿童肥胖率和低学业成绩的学校来说应该是令人鼓舞的。”）”可知，这项研究非常有益。故选A。

第II卷(共35分)

五、阅读表达(本大题共5小题,共10分)
Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of line to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all. “They’re like my children,” Mabry said.
On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they’re not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can’t name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.
“He won’t brag(夸耀) on himself, but it doesn’t matter what he’s doing or where he is, he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building,” said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn’t planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”
56. What is Mabry’s daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry’s birthday？（no more than 15 words）
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）
59. Why is Mabry’s presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）
60. Who is the “sunshine” in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）
【答案】56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文中记叙了一位清洁工Mabry，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式帮他庆祝生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.可知，Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building；Or：doing (the) cleaning；Or: He cleans the (school) building；Or: He does (the) cleaning.
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of line to hug him.可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.
【58题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection, Mabry thanked them all. “They’re like my children,” Mabry said.可知，Mabry爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love，Or: liking. Or: Fondness.
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容he will always stop what he’s doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He’s the most loved one in this building,”以及最后一段Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don’t want to touch. He doesn’t expect a lot.可知，Mabry关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：
(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work.
Or: (Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working.
Or: (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.
【60题详解】
考查综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the “sunshine” in your life?（谁是你生活中的阳光？）只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：
My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I’m faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.
Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.

六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共25分)

假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容包括:
1.写信目的;
2.个人优势;
3.能做的事情。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.结束语已为你写好。

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Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am Li Hua,a student from China for further study in London this summer vacation.Learning from the notice that your local art museum is recruiting some volunteers for an exhibition of Chinese paintings,I got desperately delighted and thrilled.And I am now writing to apply for this position.
I’ve been longing for a chance to offer service in such a fantastic platform so as to enhance my organisation ability as well as communication skills.Being active,enthusiastic and energetic,I am confident to be competent for the voluntary work.Furthermore,my previous experience as a volunteer enables me to be qualified for the position with less training.Most importantly,as a Chinese,I have been exposed to Chinese culture especially Chinese paintings since I was a little child,so I am convinced that I can make a vivid description of the profound meaning behind those masterpieces to the visitors.
I do hope that I can meet your requirements.I would be much obliged if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
Yours,
Li Hua