英语-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期开学摸底考试卷B（北京专用）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022-2023学年高二下学期开学摸底考试卷B（北京专用）
英 语
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：120分）

第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20 分）
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1分，共 5 分）
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话有一道小题，从每题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后， 你将有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What will the two speakers do together?
A. Sign up for a club.
B. Meet the teacher.
C. Have a study group.
2. Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. In a hotel. B. At an airport. C. In a restaurant.
3. Why is the woman worried?
A. She takes the wrong bus.
B. She gets off at the wrong stop.
C. She goes to the wrong hospital.
4. What will the speakers have for dinner?
A. Japanese food. B. Mexican food. C. Chinese food.
5. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Mother and son.
B. Husband and wife.
C. Teacher and student.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Why doesn’t the man join the woman?
A. His right arm hurts.
B. He wants to watch TV.
C. He has a pain in the knee.
7. What will the woman probably do next?
A. Play ping-pong.
B. Play basektball.
C. Stay home.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What will the woman be doing this afternoon?
A. Doing her assignment.
B. Visiting Tom.
C. Having a meeting.
9. When will the two speakers meet?
A. On Tuesday morning.
B. On Wednesday morning.
C. On Thursday afternoon.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which club will the man join?
A. The under 14s. B. The under 15s. C. The under 16s.
11. How long will the man train each week?
A. 1.5 hours.
B. 3 hours.
C. 4.5 hours.
12. What does the man need to do to join the club?
A. Pay for the training.
B. Fill out a form.
C. Take a family photo.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. Who is receiving the message?
A. David. B. Jackie. C. Jimmy.
14. Which is the right way to the party?
15. Why does the man leave this message?
A. To make an invitation.
B. To express his excitement.
C. To explain the way to the party.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。

Assignment
Task
Attend a(n) ______ (16) & write about it
Place
Modern Gallery at ______ (17), Fairy Street
Time
Throughout ______ (18)
Artist
Rose ______ (19)
Style
______ (20) Impressionism

【答案】
第一节
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B
第二节
6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C
第三节
16. exhibition 17. 168 18. February 19. Frantzen 20. Realistic

【解析】
听力文稿
第一节
Text 1
W: Hey, what’s the rush?
M: I am going to sign up for the hiking club, and then meet our math teacher.
W: Aren’t we going to have a study group tonight?
M: Yeah. I’ll be back in time.
Text 2
M: Good morning, madam, Is there anything I can do for you？
W: Where is Room 908, please?
M: It’s at the end of the corridor. This way, please.
W: Thank you. When will our baggage arrive?
M: Don’t worry. I’ll check later.
Text 3
W: Excuse me. Does this bus go to the Central Hospital?
M: Sorry, it doesn’t.
W: Then what should I do?
M: You’ll have to get off at the next stop and take B34 there.
W: Thank you!
Text 4
W: Hey, do you want Japanese food tonight?
M: Oh, no. We’ve had Japanese food too many times this month. Let’s try something different. Have you ever eaten Mexican food?
W: Yes. I lived in Mexico as a teenager. I’ve had enough.
M: Then how about Chinese food?
W: That sounds fine.
Text 5
W: Roger, can you give me a hand right now? When are you going to get off the stupid Internet?
M: Just a second, honey! I’m looking at a gift site. I want to make sure I get the right gift for your birthday.
W: Oh, I’m sorry to bother you. Take as much time as you need.
Text 6
W: Harry, let’s play some ping-pong today.
M: I’d love to play a set or two, but my right arm hurts. I’ve decided to stop playing ping-pong until it feels better.
W: Well, how about going skating?
M: I’d like to, but my knees hurt, too.
W: Harry, stop making excuses! 
M: Well, you know, there’s a basketball match on TV today. Let’s just stay home and watch it.
W: OK. You stay, and I’ll play with Helen.
Text 7
M: Are you free this afternoon? I think we should meet sometime to talk about our assignment.
W: Sorry, I’m meeting Tom then. How about Tuesday morning?
M: I’m sorry. I’m having a meeting.
W: What about Wednesday then?
M: Well. I will be out attending a lecture, so not Wednesday. Are you free on Thursday afternoon?
W: Yes, I think I am. Shall we meet for tea?
M: Good idea!
Text 8
W: Good morning, Brownton swimming pool.
M: Hello, I’d like some information about the water polo club.
W: Yes, of course. We have an under 14s club, an under 16s club, an under 18s club and an adults club. How old are you?
M: I’m 15.
W: OK, so you want the under 16s club?
M: Yes. Can I join it?
W: Just a moment ... yes, we have two places in the under 16s club.
M: Great! When do they train?
W: Let’s see, the under 16s train twice a week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6:30 – 8:00pm. And matches are held every Saturday morning.
M: When does the training start?
W: Training starts next week, on September 2nd.
M: OK. And how much are the classes?
W: Classes are free for people under 18.
M: Great! What do I have to do to join?
W: You have to come to the swimming pool and complete a form. You need to bring a photo, too.
M: OK.
W: Can I take your name?
M: Yes, it’s Tyrone Williams. T-y-r-o-n-e
W: OK, thanks. Tyrone.
M: Thanks. Bye.
Text 9

Ding -- (女声)You have one new message, received today at 5:15 p.m.
(男声) Hi, David, it’s me, Jackie. How’s it going? I guess you’re at work and you don’t have your phone on, right? OK, here are the instructions to get to Jimmy’s house for the party. Are you going to drive there? If you do, drive straight on Forest Road until you get to the motorway. Drive along Brownsville and take Exit 13A. Yeah, That’s 13A. You drive down the road there and turn left. It’s the first big house on the right. OK? If you’re taking a bus, there are couple of options. You can take the number 80 bus, which I recommend, as it stops right in front of your office building. You may also take Bus 57, which will give you a bit of walk. Either way, you are going to get off at Brownsville. Call me when you get there and someone can pick you up. I can’t wait. This is going to be so much fun!
Text 10
OK, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment. Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibition and then write about it? Well, the exhibition that I want you to attend is coming up. It will be held at the Modern Gallery at 168, Fairy Street. It hasn’t started yet, but it’ll be at the gallery throughout February, which should give you plenty of time to complete this assignment.
The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen. You might need to take that name down in case you want to check the website. F-R-A-N-T-Z-E-N, Frantzen. Frantzen’s work may be unfamiliar to you since she’s a relatively young artist. But she’s got a very unusual style, which is different from some of the artists we’ve looked at this term. But anyway, Frantzen’s style is what she herself calls Realistic Impressionism. So you’ve probably studied both of these movements separately, separate movements, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses. So who can just sum these up?

第二部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some unknown station.
The ____21____ moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the contents of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband ____22____ it while I was on the phone in the dining room. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny ____23____. She left before I could ____24____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who identified the lady as Erin Smith. Without ____25____, I called to thank her. She said she ____26____ my wallet on a bus seat. She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move, but she decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ____27____, but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see ____28____ anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never exchanged words with those moms, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I ____29____ tend to act.
Looking back, I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone _____30_____ what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.
21. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. heart-stopping D. eye-catching
22. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted
23. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned
24. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even
25. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation
26. A. spotted B. placed C. opened D. moved
27. A. threat B. danger C. crisis D. failure
28. A. where B. if C. how D. when
29. A. consult B. follow C. encounter D. accompany
30. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond
【答案】
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了一个素不相识的女士在公交车上捡到作者的钱包，并根据钱包内的信息把钱包送到作者家里的故事。
【答案】
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这令人担忧的时刻之后，紧接着是心算。A. face-saving保全面子的；B. brain-washing洗脑的；C. heart-stopping令人担忧的；D. eye-catching引人注目的。根据文章第一段中的“fear seized me”可知，钱包丢了，作者很担心，故此处表示这是个令人十分担忧的时刻。故选C。
【答案】
【解析】
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打电话的时候，我的丈夫过去开了门。A. ignored忽视；B. answered回应；C. examined检查；D. interrupted打断。设空处前面说有人敲门，故此处表示应门（answer the door）。设空后的代词it指代前面的the door。故选B。
【答案】
【解析】
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的钱包就拿在我丈夫的手里，一分钱都没少。A. missing丢失的；B. returned返回的；C. remaining剩余的；D. abandoned抛弃的。根据“with not a penny”可知，表示“一分钱都没有少”，用形容词missing“丢失的”。故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还没来得及到门口表示感谢，她就走了。A. still仍然；B. ever曾经；C. yet但是；D. even甚至。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了，是递进关系，even符合语境。故选D。
【答案】
【解析】
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我毫不迟疑地打电话向她道谢。A. delay推迟；B. alarm惊恐；C. regret遗憾；D. invitation邀请。上句话有人说认出了这位女士，因此推断此处表示我毫不迟疑（without delay）给她打电话致谢。故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在公车座位上发现了我的钱包。A. spotted发现，认出；B. placed放置；C. opened打开；D. moved移动。根据后文“my wallet on a bus seat”可知作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人针对我的小危机做了一个很漂亮的回应，但实际上她并不是唯一这样做的人。A. threat威胁；B. danger危险；C. crisis危机；D. failure失败。本空指前文提到的作者丟失钱包这件事，从前文的fear判断这里用crisis表示“危机，危难”。故选C。
【答案】
【解析】
【28题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：Erin在车上拿到我的钱包后，就把我驾照的照片贴到了网上论坛上，想看看有没有人认识我。A. where在哪里；B. if是否；C. how如何；D. when什么时候。根据上文“Right after Erin took possession of my wallet on the bus”可推断，Erin发现了作者的钱包后，就把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选B。
【答案】
【解析】
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道，现在的人们比以往更有分歧，但是我遇到的人往往不会这样做。A. consult咨询；B. follow跟着；C. encounter遇到；D. accompany陪伴。设空处上句话“I’ve never exchanged words with those moms, but they wanted to help.”提到我遇到的那些孩子的母亲都想帮我，此处表示我遇到（encounter）的这些人。故选C。
【答案】
【解析】
【30题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：Erin几乎（做了）超越所有人都会做的事。A. into到……里面；进入；B. against反对；C. over结束；D. beyond超过，超越。根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句表达Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故D。

第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Rowan Atkinson is an English actor. He is mostly famous for acting as a clumsy and awkward comedy character Mr. Bean. However, he is nothing like Mr. Bean. ____31____ a young age, he was awarded a scholarship to a boarding school and attained the highest marks in the university and obtained his master’s degree in electrical engineering. This may explain why he ____32____ (love) fast cars, of which he has many. He showed a talent for acting as early as primary school, ____33____ contributed to his career of acting at university.
【答案】
31. At 32. loves 33. which
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍英国著名演员Rowan Atkinson的成长经历。
【答案】
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查介词。句意：年幼时，他就获得了寄宿学校的奖学金，并在大学中取得了最高分，获得了电气工程硕士学位。固定短语：at a young age“在年轻的时候”。故填At。
【答案】
【解析】
【32题详解】
考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：这也许可以解释他为什么喜欢跑车，他有很多跑车。该句时复合句，含why引导的宾语从句，从句在描述一个客观事实，所以句子用一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数he，谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填loves。
【答案】
【解析】
【33题详解】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：早在小学时，他就表现出了表演天赋，这对他在大学的表演生涯产生了影响。此处是前面整个句子作先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，由关系代词which引导。故填which。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and ____34____ (guide) by experts to return to their original habitat safely without ____35____ (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly ____36____ (find) in Yunnan, are under the highest level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan ____37____ (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves to provide shelter for these mammals.
【答案】
34. were guided 35. harming 36. found 37. has grown
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述云南省亚洲象的情况。
【答案】
【解析】
【34题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：云南最近一次吸引全国的关注是当一些亚洲象离开他它们的家并且被专家们领着安全地回归它们原来的栖息地却没有伤害任何人类的时候。根据句子结构和意思可知，guide与left作时间状语从句的并列谓语，应用一般过去时，且与主语Asian elephants是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填were guided。
【答案】
【解析】
【35题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：见第1题。根据句子结构和意思可知，此处作介词without 的宾语，应用动名词。故填harming。
【答案】
【解析】
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的亚洲象，大部分是在云南被发现的，处于国家最高级别的保护下。根据句子结构和意思可知，find与Asian elephants 是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填found。
【答案】
【解析】
【37题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：现在，云南的野生大象的数量已经从20世纪80年代的193只上升到了大约300只。根据句子结构和意思可知，表示“数量已经上升到了”，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。句子主语是the wild elephant population，所以助动词用第三人称单数形式has。故填has grown。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It seems obvious now ____38____ we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with, we need questions. Then, to find the answers, we observe the world around us and study the facts. After that, we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones. ____39____ today we are more used to looking for answers from the Internet, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of ____40____ (analyze) —luckily for us.
【答案】
38. how 39. Although##Though 40. analysis
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了我们获得知识和理解力的过程和方法。
【答案】
【解析】
【38题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：现在看来，我们如何获得知识和理解力是显而易见的。分析句了可知，It是形式主语，而“ 　1　 we acquire knowledge and understanding”是主句从句；结合句意和下文内容可知，句中讲的是“获得知识和理解力的方式”，应用连接副词how引导该主语从句。故填how。
【答案】
【解析】
【39题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们现在更习惯于从互联网上寻找答案，幸运的是，现代科学家和思想家仍在用这种分析方法解决世界上的问题。根据句意可知，“today we are more used to looking for answers from the Internet”和“modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems with this type of 　3　 (analyze) — luckily for us”之间有对比转折关系，应用从属连词although或者though引导让步状语从句，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although/Though。
【答案】
【解析】
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然我们现在更习惯于从互联网上寻找答案，幸运的是，现代科学家和思想家仍在用这种分析方法解决世界上的问题。介词of后跟名词作宾语。故填analysis。

第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The spa town of Cheltenham sits on the edge of the Cotswolds, in the county of Gloucester. Below is a look at four fabulous attractions that make Cheltenham such a terrific place to visit.
Cheltenham Festival
The festival is an annual, four-day feast of racing and, on the last day, features the famous Cheltenham Gold Cup Steeplechase. It's a dramatic race of around 3 miles and 2.5 furlongs. and the horses have to clear 22 fences. Anything can happen. In 2020,this last day of the festival drew in a crowd of 68,859.
Pittville Park
If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland. There's also a lower lake at which you can fish during fishing season. That's not the only activity, however. There's a skate park, tennis courts and a small children's play area.
Holst Birthplace Museum
Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born. You'll receive a taste of what Victorian life was like, as the home boasts a working Victorian kitchen, scullery, and nursery. The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets.
Sudeley Castle
This private castle, which is surrounded by views of the Cotswolds, holds the claim to fame of being the only castle in England to have a queen buried in the grounds. The castle has witnessed all sorts of drama throughout its history and is one of the most interesting Tudor castles you'll ever visit.
If you would like more information on Cheltenham Town, please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.
41. Pitville Park is unique in its_______
A. game areas. B. horse racing. C. beautiful views. D. children's performances.
42. Which of the following will a music fan be interested in?
A. Pitville Park. B. Sudeley Castle. C. Cheltenham Festival. D. Holst Birthplace Museum.
43. Where is this article probably from?
A. A diary. B. A novel. C. A website. D. A magazine.
【答案】
41. A 42. D 43. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了温泉小镇切尔滕纳姆的四个绝佳景点。
【答案】
【解析】
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Pittville Park”部分的“If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland.（如果你参观皮特维尔公园，你会发现它被伊夫舍姆路分成两个主要部分。东侧是儿童游乐区，人们可以在这里观赏野生动物。同时，在路的西侧，你会发现公园的大片区域和小片的林地）”可知，皮特维尔公园的游戏区是独一无二的。故选A项。
【答案】
【解析】
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Holst Birthplace Museum”部分的“Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born…The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets.（切尔滕纳姆是19世纪英国作曲家古斯塔夫·霍尔斯特的出生地，游客可以参观他的出生地……博物馆还可以让你走进他的音乐室，了解他的生平和时代。这就是他创作The Planets的地方）”可知，在这个博物馆，游客可以了解作曲家古斯塔夫·霍尔斯特的相关情况，所以可以推断，这个地方可能是音乐迷感兴趣的地方。故选D项。
【答案】
【解析】
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.”（请访问以下网站：www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk）可知，文章出自网站。故选C项。
B
In 2020, Oliver Wallace’s parents entered him in a national speech contest. The contest was held by Think Kindness. It’s an organization that aims to inspire acts of kindness in schools and communities. Oliver wrote a speech and recorded a video for the contest. In his speech, Oliver focused on the idea that kindness is easy. “It can be free and it can make someone's day a whole lot better,” he said.
After winning the contest, Oliver put his speech into action. He created the Race to Kindness, a series of events spreading kindness around the world. For his efforts, the fifth-grader was awarded one of America’s top 2021 youth volunteers.
One of his events is called the Race to 500 Toys. Being in the hospital is difficult for kids. So Oliver started the toy drive for children in a hospital near his home. “I knew that I could help,” said Oliver, “and that made me want to.” With his prize money from the contest and the support from community, Oliver was able to donate 619 toys to the local children's hospital.
Now Oliver is busy with his new project, the Race to 100,000 Meals. “I was seeing so many people that didn't have access to food,” he said. “Or they were waiting in long lines to get small meals.” So far, the event has collected more than 100,000 meals for families in Texas.
Organizing a donation drive is one way to practice kindness. But small, well-thought-out acts are just as important. “It can start off with a positive thought or being kind to someone,” said Oliver. His speech offered suggestions. They included leaving a nice note for a neighbor or asking your parents how you can help them at home.
“If you treat someone with a little kindness,” Oliver said, “it can make you feel better knowing that someone else feels better.”
44. Why did Oliver start the Race to Kindness?
A. To advocate kind actions B. To participate in a contest.
C. To serve voluntary organizations. D. To raise money for Think Kindness.
45. With the prize money he got from the speech contest, Oliver___________.
A. made videos for the contest B. donated meals for poor families
C. awarded prizes to young volunteers D. bought toys for the children in hospital
46. What can we learn from Oliver’s story?
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Think twice before acting.
C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One small act can make a difference.
【答案】
44. A 45. D 46. D
【解析】
【分析】本文一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了五年级学生奥利弗为传播善良，组织多场募捐活动。
【答案】
【解析】
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He created the Race to Kindness, a series of events spreading kindness around the world.(他创立了善行竞赛，这是一系列在世界各地传播善良的活动。)”可知，奥利弗要开始慈善竞赛是为了倡导善良的行为。故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“With his prize money from the contest and the support from community, Oliver was able to donate 619 toys to the local children’s hospital. (在比赛的奖金和社区的支持下，奥利弗向当地儿童医院捐赠了619件玩具。)”可知，用演讲比赛的奖金，奥利弗给医院里的孩子们买了玩具。故选D。
【答案】
【解析】
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But small, well-thought-out acts are just as important. (但小的、经过深思熟虑的行动也同样重要。)”及全文可推断，我们能从奥利弗的故事中学到：一个小小的举动就能带来巨大影响。故选D。
C
It was widely believed that, in order to get the first languages off the ground, our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning. Some gestures can be understood almost anywhere: pointing to direct someone’s attention, for instance.
However, an international research team, led by experts from the University of Birmingham and the Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS), Berlin, have discovered that certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world — even when a speaker is not simply imitating a well-known sound. These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.
In 2015, language researchers challenged some English speakers to make up sounds representing various basic concepts (“sleep”, “child”, “meat”, “rock”, and more). When other English speakers listened to these sounds and tried matching them to concepts, they were largely successful. But “we wanted to be able to show that these vocalizations are understandable across cultures,” says study co-author and University of Birmingham cognitive scientist Marcus Perlman.
So Perlman and his colleagues conducted online and in-person experiments in seven countries, from Morocco to Brazil. They recruited more than 900 participants, who spoke a total of 28 languages, to listen to the best-understood vocalizations from the 2015 investigation and select matching concepts from a set of words or images. Vocalizations that called forth well-known sounds — for example, dripping water — performed best. But many others were also understood at rates significantly above chance across all languages tested, the team found. “There is a notable degree of success outside of just onomatopoeia (象声词),” Perlman says.
This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.”
University of Tübingen linguist Matthias Urban, who was not involved in the research, agrees. “It’s unclear how words came into being in the first place,” he says. Iconic vocalizations are “potentially one pathway that could have been involved.”
47. What does the underlined word “iconic” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Symbolic. B. Comic. C. Magic. D. Classic.
44. The finding of Perlman’s research may ________.
A. well explain the rise of English culture
B. throw light on the origin of spoken language
C. demonstrate that onomatopoeia may be popular
D. show how our ancestors imitate unknown sounds
49. What can we learn from the experiments in this passage?
A. The English language is universally understood. B. Sound patterns may be related to their meanings.
C. Sign language appeared earlier than spoken language. D. Words were evolved from vocalizations in ancient times.
50. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. From Hand to Mouth: The Origins of Language
B. Iconic Vocalizations are Created for Communication
C. Made-up Sounds Convey Meanings across Cultures
D. How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Evolution
【答案】
47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章主要是在讲述一群语言研究者们通过研究发现人类语言从肢体语言到现代口语的演变。
【答案】
【解析】
【47题详解】
词句猜测题。根据这句话“certain vocalizations (发声法) can also be iconic and recognizable to people around the world”（特定的发声法也可能是iconic的，并且能够被全球人辨别出来的。）可知，这些发声法对全球人来说都是可以被辨别的，说明是有特征的，所以划线单词是指“符号性的，有标识的”，与“Symbolic”同义。故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【48题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“These findings, published in Scientific Reports, may help explain the rise of modern spoken language.”（这些发现，被发表在《科学报告》期刊上，也许可以帮助解释现代口语语言的出现。）可推知，Perlman的研究结果也许可以让人们了解口语语言的起源。故选B。
【答案】
【解析】
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“This is likely because certain patterns related to sound are universal, the team suggests. For example, short and basic sounds often convey the concept of “one” and repeated sounds are typically associated with “many”. Likewise, low-pitched sounds accompany something big, and high-pitched sounds convey small size. These findings of “iconic” sounds could help scientists understand how human ancestors started using rich acoustic (传音的) communication, says co-author Aleksandra Ćwiek, a linguist at the Leibniz-Center General Linguistics in Berlin. The human voice, she says, might “afford enough iconicity to get language off the ground.””（研究小组认为，这可能是因为与声音相关的某些模式是普遍存在的。例如，短而基本的声音通常传达“一”的概念，重复的声音通常与“多”相联系。同样地，低沉的声音伴随着大的东西，而高的声音传达的是小的东西。这些“标志性”声音的发现可以帮助科学家理解人类祖先是如何开始使用丰富的声学交流的，合著者Aleksandra Ćwiek说，他是柏林莱布尼茨中心普通语言学家。她说，人类的声音可能“提供足够的象似性，使语言得以发展”。）从实验中可知，声音模式可能与它们的含义有关。故选B。
【答案】
【解析】
【50题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“our ancestors first needed a way to create novel signals that could be understood by others, relying on visual signs whose form was directly similar to the intended meaning.”（我们的祖先最早需要一个方法来创造能够被他人理解的新奇的信号，依靠可视信号，它的形成直接和要被表达的意思很类似。）可知，这篇文章讲述我们的祖先在肢体语言的基础上想创造出新的口语化的语言，就有了我们现在所使用的口语语言。所以，这篇文章是在讲述从肢体语言到现代口语的演变。D项“语言的起源：演变中的手势和言语”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
D
Many children’s hospitals already have storytelling programmes that aim to cheer up patients. But new research suggests that storytelling also has physiological benefits. “Until now, the positive evidence for storytelling was based on ‘common sense’ that interacting with the child may distract, entertain and reduce psychological suffering,” said Dr Jorge Moll, of D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Brazil. “But there was a lack of a solid scientific basis.”
“During storytelling, something happens that we call ‘narrative transportation’. The child, through fantasy, can experience sensations and thoughts that transport him or her to another world, a place that is different from the hospital room, and is, therefore, far from the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization,” says Guilherme Brockington.
The team, based at IDOR and the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, studied 81 children between the ages of two and seven, all of whom were in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a hospital in São Paulo. A group of 41 children each had a session with a storyteller, lasting 25 to 30 minutes. A control group of 40 children each had the same amount of time with the same professionals, but they told riddles instead. Before and after the sessions, the team took saliva samples from each child and assessed their pain level. The saliva samples allowed the researchers to measure levels of the hormone cortisol, which is related to stress, and the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in empathy.
Both groups of children benefited from the sessions: they all had less cortisol and more oxytocin in their saliva, suggesting they were less stressed, and they reported less pain and discomfort. However, the results were twice as strong for the storytelling group as the control group. At the end of the sessions, the children also took part in a word-association exercise including words like ‘hospital’, ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’. The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”.
“I consider this study to be one of the most important I have participated in, due to its potential direct impact on practices in the hospital environment, aiming at the relief of human suffering. We intend to support volunteering devoted to the noble activity of storytelling, now with more solid scientific evidence,” said Moll.
51. According to the passage, “narrative transportation” indicates children _______.
A. feel that they are placed into the world of a story
B. fire up their imagination and expand their horizons
C. have more empathy with the characters in the stories
D. experience the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization
52. In Para.3, the author mainly tells the readers about _______.
A. the application of the research B. the purpose of the research
C. the limitation of the research D. the process of the research
53. How does the author present the findings of the research?
A. By making comparisons. B. By giving definitions.
C. By presenting examples. D. By analyzing cause and effect.
54. Which of the following may be the response from the storytelling group?
A. A hospital is the place where I go when I’m very sick.
B. A hospital is the place where I get an injection in my arm.
C. A hospital is the place where I am taken care of to feel better.
D. A hospital is the place where I’ll have to take some medicine.
【答案】
51. A 52. D 53. A 54. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了许多儿童医院已经有了讲故事的节目，旨在让病人开心起来。但新的研究表明，讲故事也有生理上的好处。文章介绍了研究开展的过程、发现以及人们对此的看法。
【答案】
【解析】
【51题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“During storytelling,something happens that we call 'narrative transportation'.The child, through fantasy,can experience sensations and thoughts that transport him or her to another world, a place that is different from the hospital room,and is, therefore,far from the unpleasant conditions of hospitalization.(在讲故事的过程中,发生了一些我们称之为“叙事运输”的事情。通过幻想,孩子可以体验将他或她带到另一个世界的感觉和想法,一个不同于病房的地方,因此远离不愉快的住院条件。)”可知, “narrative transportation”指的是孩子在听故事的过程中, 远离了不愉快的住院经历,进入到故事的世界,故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【52题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The team, based at IDOR and the Federal University of ABC, Brazil, studied 81 children between the ages of two and seven, all of whom were in the intensive care unit (ICU) at a hospital in São Paulo. A group of 41 children each had a session with a storyteller, lasting 25 to 30 minutes. A control group of 40 children each had the same amount of time with the same professionals, but they told riddles instead. Before and after the sessions, the team took saliva samples from each child and assessed their pain level. The saliva samples allowed the researchers to measure levels of the hormone cortisol, which is related to stress, and the hormone oxytocin, which plays a role in empathy.(该研究小组位于巴西IDOR和巴西ABC联邦大学，研究了81名年龄在2到7岁之间的儿童，他们都在São Paulo的一家医院的重症监护病房。一组有41名儿童，每个人都有一个讲故事的人，持续25到30分钟。对照组的40个孩子和同样的专业人士在一起的时间是一样的，但他们说的是谜语。 在测试前后，研究小组从每个孩子身上提取了唾液样本，并评估了他们的疼痛程度。唾液样本使研究人员能够测量与压力有关的皮质醇激素和催产素激素的水平，催产素在移情作用中发挥作用)”可知，第三段主要说明了研究的过程。故选D。
【答案】
【解析】
【53题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“However, the results were twice as strong for the storytelling group as the control group. At the end of the sessions, the children also took part in a word-association exercise including words like ‘hospital’, ‘nurse’ and ‘doctor’. The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”.(然而，讲故事组的结果是对照组的两倍。在课程结束时，孩子们还参加了单词联想练习，包括“医院”、“护士”和“医生”等单词。研究小组表示，对照组的孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，作者通过比较展示研究结果。故选A。
【答案】
【解析】
【54题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The team said that children from the control group said “this is the bad woman who comes to give me an injection” in response to the pictures of a doctor or a nurse, while the storytelling group said “this is the woman who comes to cure me”.(研究小组表示，对照组的孩子看到医生或护士的照片后会说“这是来给我打针的坏女人”，而讲故事组的孩子则说“这是来给我治病的女人”)”可推知，“医院是我被照顾的地方，让我感觉更好”可能是来自讲故事小组的反应。故选C。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Watching wildlife safely is the responsibility of all park visitors. When you visit some national parks, you are entering animals' habitat. ___55___ If not, wildlife may face the following serious risks when you get close enough to interact with them:
Consequences of Physical Contact with People
Some animals, from bison to birds. may be rejected by their parents if they have contact with humans. ___56___ In addition, wildlife can get injured when they try to escape people who have gotten too close, especially if they are near human structures or roads.
Fatal Diseases from People and Pets
Our domestic pets can also pose real dangers to the wildlife within parks. Both pets and people may have diseases that they can give to wildlife. Sadly, there are many examples of wildlife in parks dying from diseases given to them by pets and humans. For example, heartworm from cats can kill wildlife such as foxes, coyotes, bobcats, and mountain lions. Black-footed ferrets die from the flu if humans are sick and get too close. ___57___ So keeping your pets vaccinated can keep them and wildlife safe.
Dangers of Eating Human Food and/or Trash (垃圾)
When visitors intentionally or unintentionally feed wildlife, it has negative effects on the wildlife. Some of the dangers to wildlife include shorter lives. The best way for wildlife to have a healthy diet and live healthy lives is to search for food as they would naturally. Relying on human food or trash left out puts wildlife at risk.
___58___ Animals becoming used to and attracted to human food will actively seek out human food. This in the worst cases can make them dangerous. Ground squirrels can bite, deer have sharp antlers (鹿角), and bears can get into cars or tents in search of food. ___59__ It means they may be killed by park managers for safety reasons.
It's important to understand how your actions may affect the wildlife in parks. When you respect wildlife, you help protect park animals and yourself.
A. These animals must be removed.
B. You need to behave like a polite guest.
C. Wolves can be infected by virus from dogs.
D. So it's best to resist the urge to pet and hold them.
E. Actually, some of them may behave in a strange way.
F. Observing wildlife in their native habitat can be an educational and fun experience.
G. Learning to eat human food can also change the way that wildlife interact with people.
【答案】
55. B 56. D 57. C 58. G 59. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在与野生动物近距离接触时，它们可能会面临的几种严重的风险。
【答案】
【解析】
【55题详解】
根据后文“If not, wildlife may face the following serious risks when you get close enough to interact with them（如果不这样做，当你与野生动物近距离接触时，它们可能会面临以下严重的风险）”可知，这里指的是面对动物行为举止要合理守规则。B选项“You need to behave like a polite guest.（你要表现得像个有礼貌的客人。）”符合题意，故选B。
【答案】
【解析】
【56题详解】
根据后文“In addition, wildlife can get injured when they try to escape people who have gotten too close（此外，当野生动物试图逃离离它们太近的人时，它们可能会受伤）”可知，本段介绍的是动物与人类接触会发生的严重后果，所以我们要适时远离它们。D选项“So it's best to resist the urge to pet and hold them.（所以最好克制住想要抚摸和抱它们的冲动。）”符合题意，故选D。
【答案】
【解析】
【57题详解】
根据后文“So keeping your pets vaccinated can keep them and wildlife safe.（所以让你的宠物接种疫苗可以保护它们和野生动物的安全。）”可知，接种过疫苗的宠物可以避免野生动物受到病毒感染。C选项“Wolves can be infected by virus from dogs.（狼可能被狗的病毒感染。）”符合题意，故选C。
【答案】
【解析】
【58题详解】
根据后文“Animals becoming used to and attracted to human food will actively seek out human food.（动物逐渐习惯并被人类的食物所吸引，就会积极地寻找人类的食物。）”可知，本段主要介绍的是野生动物吃人类食物后的改变。G选项“Learning to eat human food can also change the way that wildlife interact with people.（学习吃人的食物也可以改变野生动物与人互动的方式。）”符合题意，故选G。
【答案】
【解析】
【59题详解】
根据前文“Ground squirrels can bite, deer have sharp antlers（鹿角）, and bears can get into cars or tents in search of food（松鼠会咬人，鹿有锋利的鹿角，熊会钻进汽车或帐篷寻找食物）”以及后文人们对此采取的行动“It means they may be killed by park managers for safety reasons.（这意味着它们可能会因为安全原因被公园管理员杀死。）”可知，这些野生动物因为寻找人类的食物而有奇怪的表现会影响到人们的安全。E选项“Actually, some of them may behave in a strange way. （事实上，它们中的一些可能会表现得很奇怪。）”符合题意，故选E。

第四部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
（共4小题；第60、61题各2分，第62题3分，第63题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Difference between 4G And 5G
5G is the newest mobile network that's replacing the current 4G technology by providing a number of improvements in speed, coverage, and reliability.
The reason for needing an upgraded network is to support the growing number of devices that demand internet access.Many of them require so much bandwidth in order to function normally that 4G simply doesn't cut it anymore.
5G connects many more devices to the internet, minimizes delays, and delivers extremely fast speeds.4G uses frequencies below 6 GHz while some 5G networks use higher frequencies (频率) like around 30 GHz or more. These high frequencies support a huge capacity for fast data and can be used in the future for increasing bandwidth demands. They can also be used right next to other wireless signals without causing interference.
5G uses shorter wavelengths than 4G, which means that antennas (天线) can be much smaller while still providing precise directional control.Since one base station can use even more directional antennas,it means that 5G can support much more devices per meter than what's supported by 4G.
However,some of these high frequencies are easily absorbed by humidity,rain,and other objects, meaning that they don’t travel as far.It is for these reasons that a strong 5G connection right where you are could slow down to 4G speeds when you walk a few feet away.One way this is being dealt with is by using strategically placed antennas, either tiny ones in specific rooms or buildings, or large ones positioned throughout a city. As 5G expands, there will also probably be many repeating stations to push the radio as far as possible to provide long-range 5G support.
5G is 20 times faster than 4G. You could download close to 10 movies before 4G could deliver even the first half of one.
5G will help to build future “smart cities” with the help of sensor networks. Such networks will be able to help the police with the traffic, let us know what's happening in our homes, and even make it possible for doctors to perform an operation far away.
60. Why do we need upgraded network?
61 Please paraphrase the underlined part in the second paragraph in your own words.
62. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
These high frequencies of 5G support a huge capacity for fast data and can travel very far.
63. How will 5G help us? (About 40 words)
【答案】
60. Because an upgraded network is to support the growing number of devices that demand internet access.
61. The bandwidth provided by 4G network can no longer meet the normal operation of many devices。
62. These high frequencies of 5G support a huge capacity for fast data and can travel very far. T
hese high frequencies support a huge capacity for fast data and can be used in the future for increasing bandwidth demands, so the expression “can travel very far”is wrong.
63. 5G will help to build smart cities with the help of sensor networks, which can help the police with the traffic, let us know what's happening in our homes, and make it possible for doctors to perform an operation far away.
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4G和5G的不同，5G拥有很多的优势，会在帮助我们建立一个智能化的社会。
【答案】
【解析】
【60题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句话“The reason for needing an upgraded network is to support the growing number of devices that demand internet access.（需要升级网络的原因是为了支持越来越多的需要互联网接入的设备。）”可知，升级网络是为了越来越多的设备连接入互联网。故答案为Because an upgraded network is to support the growing number of devices that demand internet access.
【答案】
【解析】
【61题详解】
考查句意理解。根据第二段第一句话“The reason for needing an upgraded network is to support the growing number of devices that demand internet access.（需要升级网络的原因是为了支持越来越多的需要互联网接入的设备。）”以及画横线的句子可知，越来越多的设备需要接入互联网，4G网络已经不能满足这些设备的正常工作。故答案为The bandwidth provided by 4G network can no longer meet the normal operation of many devices.
【答案】
【解析】
【62题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句话“These high frequencies support a huge capacity for fast data and can be used in the future for increasing bandwidth demands.（这些高频支持高速数据的巨大容量，并可在未来用于增加带宽需求。）”可知，高频支持高速数据的巨大容量，而且用来增加带宽，所以These high frequencies of 5G support a huge capacity for fast data and can travel very far. 这个陈述中and后面的内容是错的。故答案为These high frequencies of 5G support a huge capacity for fast data and can travel very far. These high frequencies support a huge capacity for fast data and can be used in the future for increasing bandwidth demands, so the expression “can travel very far”is wrong.
【答案】
【解析】
【63题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“5G will help to build future “smart cities” with the help of sensor networks. Such networks will be able to help the police with the traffic, let us know what's happening in our homes, and even make it possible for doctors to perform an operation far away.（5G将借助传感器网络帮助建设未来的“智能城市”。这样的网络将能够帮助警方疏导交通，让我们知道家里发生了什么，甚至让医生可以在很远的地方做手术。）”可知，5G将帮助我们建立“智能城市”，比如帮助警察疏导交通，让我们知道家里发生什么，医生可以远程做手术。故答案为5G will help to build smart cities with the help of sensor networks, which can help the police with the traffic, let us know what's happening in our homes, and make it possible for doctors to perform an operation far away.

64. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国好友Jim得知你在学校组织的“佳片有约 (Best Movies of All Time)”活动中推荐了一部电影，发来邮件询问相关情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1.电影名字和主要内容；
2.推荐理由。
注意：1.词数不少于100；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
How is everything going? You mentioned in your letter that you were interested in the activity entitled “Best Movies of All Time”. I’m delighted to tell you about the movie I recommended to my schoolmates—“The Pursuit of Happyness”.
The movie is based on a true story about a man named Christopher Gardner. It demonstrates the challenges that Chris faces as he attempts to improve his life, which is exactly what he has done through constant efforts.
I recommended this movie for the following reasons. First, I’m a big fan of Will Smith, the actor who plays Chris in the movie. His eye-catching performance brings the character to life! On top of that, the story has taught me that no success can be achieved without hard work and determination. It has inspired me to cultivate a positive attitude towards failure.
Could you recommend your favorite movie? Looking forward to your reply.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友吉姆回复邮件，介绍自己推荐的电影的名字、主要内容以及推荐理由。
1.词汇积累
感兴趣：be interested in→show interest in
高兴：delighted→pleased
最重要的是：on top of that→most importantly
获得：achieve→gain
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The movie is based on a true story about a man named Christopher Gardner.
拓展句：The movie is based on a true story about a man whose name is Christopher Gardner.
高分句型1:It demonstrates the challenges that Chris faces as he attempts to improve his life, which is exactly what he has done through constant efforts.（运用了that引导定语从句，as引导时间状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，what引导表语从句）
高分句型2:First, I’m a big fan of Will Smith, the actor who plays Chris in the movie.（运用了who引导定语从句）