2022-2023学年新疆生产建设兵团第一师高级中学高三上学期第二次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年新疆生产建设兵团第一师高级中学高三上学期第二次月考英语试题（解析版），共37页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一师高级中学2022-2023学年第一学期高三第二次月考
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
About us
Fablesandfairytales.com is a non-profit site for visitors from all over the world to share and read fables and fairy tales.
Our main objective is to promote the importance of such stories in developing culture, imagination and creativity. We believe that reading the fables and fairy tales from different cultures allows us to build a greater understanding and appreciation of the diversity around the world.
We organise storytelling sessions around the world. Watch out for our monthly “Fable and Fairy Tale” writing competition for different age groups. We also run the permanent “Fable and Fairy Tales” museum in Hanau, Germany, at the home of the Brothers Grimm. Contact us at museum@fablesandfairytales.com to arrange your visit!
The museum is open to all individuals and school groups with a booking. A multilingual guide is available on request. No charges for guides and admissions but donations are much appreciated.

1. What is the main goal of fablesandfairytales.com?
A It provides visitors with teaching resources.
B. It promotes the reading of fables and fairy tales.
C. It holds various writing competitions around the world.
D. It conducts tours and lessons at the Fables and Fairy Tales Museum.
2. How does the “Fables and Fairy Tales” museum support itself?
A. It charges for admissions and guides.
B. It makes profits from advertisements.
C. It receives money from the Brothers Grimm.
D. It relies on the donations from its visitors.
3. What can we learn about the storytellers?
A. They get paid from the website. B. They are experienced in storytelling.
C. They will receive professional training. D. They are chosen by their uploaded works.
B
I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.
If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.
So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.
Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?
I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.
I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.
4. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied
5. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?
A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.
C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.
6 What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?
A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.
C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you love
C. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions
C
Lichens(地衣)
Lichens look like splashes of paint left behind by a careless painter. Unlike many plants, they do not require soil to grow. They grow on trunk of trees in steaming tropical rain forests, on farmers’ fenceposts, on the bricks of big-city buildings, and on old gravestones. Lichens can tolerate extremes of climate. They grow on rocks in hot springs, on wind-swept mountaintops, and on stones in the driest deserts. In the Arctic, lichens are the principal source of food for reindeer. Whole mountainsides in Antarctica appear green and orange because of the presence of lichens; they are one of the few plants that can survive there. They are among the oldest of known plants. Recently, scientists discovered lichen fossils on a rock in a mine in southwest China that date back 600 million years.
When conditions become harsh, lichens become dormant(休眠). If there is not enough moisture, they simply dry up, but a short rain or even a heavy dew gives them new life. When growing on rock surfaces, lichens produce acids that dissolve(溶解)the minerals, contributing to the process of weathering by which rocks are slowly turned to soil. This property enables lichens to be pioneers. They appear on barren rock rubbed clean by glaciers, fires, lava flows, or floods, beginning the process of soil formation that allows mosses(苔藓)and other plants to later take root. But, despite their hardiness, lichens are extremely sensitive to airborne particles(颗粒). That’s why they serve as an early warning system for air pollution.
It is the acids lichens produce that give them their distinctive colors. Lichens are often spoken of in the same breath as mosses, and some lichens are even called mosses, but true mosses are all distinctively green, whereas lichens appear in many vivid colors. At one time, acids from lichens were used to make dyes, such as the purple dye, the blue dye, and the red dye, and they are sometimes still used that way today. Some lichens, such as oakmoss, contain oils that produce fragrant odors used in scented soaps, cosmetics and perfumes. Some lichens are also known to have antibiotic properties to kill bacteria.
So definite are the form, color, and characteristics of these organisms that for hundreds of years lichens were constantly under scientists’ microscope.
8. What characteristic of lichens is mainly talked about in paragraph 1?
A. They grow only on rock surfaces.
B. They live primarily in cold places.
C. They have adapted to a wide variety of environments.
D. They live in remote locations far from human communities.
9. The author refer to lichens as pioneers in paragraph 2 because they __________.
A. have their primitive structure
B. grow in areas before other plants do
C. are found in remote parts of the world
D. develop so early in the history of the planet
10. According to paragraph 3, humans use lichens in the following ways EXCEPT __________.
A. as a means of coloring clothing
B. as a type of medicine
C. as a source of food
D. as an ingredient in perfume
11. Which of the following cases would be probably dealt with in the next paragraph?
A. Lichens are important in Canada because of their abundance in the north.
B. Extracts of lichens were sold as herbal medicines to facilitate hair growth.
C. Glacier Park’s vast array of lichens indicate relatively good air quality.
D. A German botanist first found lichens are composed of two life forms.
D
Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small-time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make a big difference. “It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant (制冷剂) like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way,” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
12. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?
A. The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B. The quality of the ice will be affected.
C. The ice surface will be more consistent.
D. It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
13. Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?
A It’s the most advanced technologies for ice-making.
B. CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C. CO2 is more environmentally-friendly than Freon.
D. CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
14. What is Gao’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making?
A. Unclear. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Favourable.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming.
B. Beneath Olympic Ice.
C. The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games.
D. The Structure of Ice.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People connect to their cultural or ethnic group through similar food patterns. People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. ____16____ These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.
Regional food habits do exist, but they also change over time. ____17____ They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.
In addition to impacting food choices, culture also plays a role in food-related etiquette (礼节). For example, the amount people eat and leave uneaten varies from culture to culture. Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfied. ____18____ Similarly, a clean plate might signify either satisfaction with the meal or desire for more food.
____19____ Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. Among other families, talking during a meal is acceptable, but the topics are limited. In some Southeast Asian countries, it is considered polite to keep silent during a meal.
Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women. ____20____ However, in most parts of the world, food is associated with expression of friendship. Therefore, sensitivity to food customs is important in cross-cultural communication.
A. People off different age groups eat differently.
B. As people immigrate; food preferences are exported.
C. Food items themselves have meaning attached to them.
D. The areas in which families live influence food likes and dislikes.
E. One of the reasons is that food itself is brought to other countries.
F. Besides, the role of conversation during mealtime varies from place to place.
G. However, cooks from other locations might be displeased if food is left on the plate.
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分75分)
第一节(共40小题;每小题1.5分，满分60分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One night in 2003，Jans and his wife Sherrie were walking the dog Dakotah near their house. Suddenly, a young ___21___appeared and began running in their direction. Amazed and ___22___，the couple immediately broke Dakotah loose to protect them. "However, the two animals stopped yards apart and____23____stared at each other as if each were looking at an almost- forgotten face and trying to remember something,” recalls Jans in his book A Wolf Called Romeo.
Over the next week, the Janses always____24____the wolf playing with the dogs in the neighborhood. They____25____that when the wolf saw a dog, he would make a fool of himself- wagging, pacing, and even striking some dog poses. Because of the wolf's ___26___，Sherrie named him Romeo. The___27___extended from dogs to locals quickly. ____28____ ,crowds of locals started coming to ___29___the wolf, and some liked him so much that they seemed to forget that wolves are_____30_____.
For the next five years, Romeo_____31_____to the area in fall and winter. "He would be in the same place every morning to____32____people going to work or walking their dogs,_____33_____he'd set with a time clock"，writes Jans. As the only wolf in the area，Romeo had ____34____ creatures to eat，a large open space to live in, and little_____35_____1 from other animals. However, some critics felt Romeo was a(n)_____36_____，and there was a talk about driving him out of the area.
Romeo came again in September 2009，but later that month, he_____37_____again. After some searching, a supporter found he had been_____38_____by Park and Jeff. Both men were arrested later. They ended up paying fines according to the local law, losing hunting ____39____. In late November 2010，a memorial service was held for Romeo. "Nothing can take away the years we spent in his____40____ ，”writes Jans. "We'll remember the happiness he brought to us forever.”
21. A. woman B. boy C. wolf D. dog
22. A. curious B. terrified C. disappointed D. content
23. A. anxiously B. tentatively C. angrily D. hardly
24. A. spotted B. prevented C. protected D. imagined
25. A. hated B. believed C. observed D. warned
26. A. experience B. violence C. companion D. behavior
27. A. friendship B. challenge C. campaign D. freedom
28. A. Approximately B. Generally C. Importantly D. Gradually
29. A. keep a record of B. have a look at C. make an example of D. take advantage of
30. A. aggressive B. kind C. stubborn D. lonely
31. A. reacted B. adapted C. returned D. ref erred
32. A. attack B. stop C. inform D. meet
33. A. even if B. as though C. so that D. in case
34. A. offensive B. limited C. common D. abundant
35. A. competition B. acquaintance C. cooperation D. acquisition
36. A. pride B. pity C. danger D. accomplishment
37. A. burst B. arose C. changed D. disappeared
38. A. shot B. hidden C. fooled D. raised
39. A. methods B. privileges C. partners D. habits
40. A. hand B. direction C. company D. opinion
B
Courage involves the balance between fear and bravery. Without fear, we’ll do foolish things. And without courage, we’ll never step into the ___41___. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it’s a balance we all ___42___ every day.
It was frightening news when I was first diagnosed because I had no ___43___with chronic(慢性的)illness or disabilities. And I had no idea how the disease might ___44___. But I continued to ___45___ my dream of working all over the world. And then my work brought me to the United States. And even as the disease progressed ___46___and I needed leg braces(支架)and a walker to ___47___, I still longed for adventure. And this time, I started dreaming of a ___48___outdoor adventure.
Sitting eight feet above the ground, riding a horse, I got the impression of the Grand Canyon—one of ___49___ and terror. But there was no ____50____. In the first hour, disaster struck. Going down an oversized step, I was ____51____ forward and hit my face on the back of the horse’s head. There was ____52____. My head hurt fiercely, but the path was too narrow for me to ____53____the horse.
Now that the trip is over, I know that I would never do horseback-riding again. The ____54____, all that planning and the trip itself showed me a level of ____55____I had never experienced before. But more importantly, it showed me how boldly ____56____ I can be.
In facing my fears and finding the courage to ____57____ them, I swear my life has been ____58____. So live big and try to let your courage ____59____your fear. You never know where it might ____60____ you.
41. A. unimportant B. unfair C. unknown D. undesirable
42. A. sort out B. deal with C. spy on D. cut down
43. A. experience B. direction C. relationship D. mood
44. A. emerge B. adapt C. progress D. extend
45. A. present B. purchase C. interpret D. pursue
46. A. flexibly B. mildly C. evenly D. significantly
47. A. get around B. go over C. come along D. hold on
48. A. random B. grand C. romantic D. historical
49. A. regret B. disgust C. shock D. embarrassment
50. A. settling down B. turning down C. trying out D. giving up
51. A. knocked B. thrown C. stuck D. hurried
52. A. panic B. stress C. relaxation D. silence
53. A. fall off B. get off C. take off D. cut off
54. A. spectacle B. horizon C. magnificence D. expedition
55. A. delight B. calmness C. persistence D. fear
56. A. peaceful B. attracted C. courageous D. smart
57. A. push through B. get away with C. put out D. hold back
58. A. grave B. busy C. extraordinary D. happy
59. A. outline B. overweigh C. overlook D. outnumber
60. A. take B. bring C. keep D. guard
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival ___61___ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China. It bears much ___62___（similar） to the birthday of Confucius or the birthday of private school tutor in ancient China.
The history of Chinese Teachers’ Day ___63___（date） back to the Han Dynasty. According to the record, during the Han and Jin dynasties, on August 27 each year, the birthday of Confucius, followed by court officials, the emperor would go to Confucius’ temple and pay tribute to the ancient philosopher, and would also invite royal teachers ___64___ the imperial court for a banquet. Local ___65___（chief） followed the court, and on this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day’s vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.
With local officials or the emperor ___66___（lead） a series of activities, the capital, all states and counties would also stage sacrificial ceremonies ___67___（admire） Confucius. Excellent-performing teachers would ___68___（choose） from academies and learning institutions nationwide, reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang（两） silver coins as awards.
Until the Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial ceremony, on August 27, was of ___69___ larger scale. The teachers’ salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised, and well-performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to ___70___（high） positions.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
1. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
During a show at my Junior high school, many other student chose to play a musical instrument or tell a joke, but I decided sing my favorite song. I had practiced the song many times and could sing it perfectly. However, this day doesn’t go as I had planned. When my name was called, I walked on the stage. Suddenly, 300 people were watching us. I was very nervous that my hands were shaking. Then the music came on. I couldn’t remember of the first part of the song and didn’t sing it at all. To my surprising, instead of laugh at me, people tried to cheer me on. I became relaxing and sang the rest perfectly. It was really a unforgettable experience.
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
72. 假定你是李华。志愿者们最近对你校学生的周末时间分配进行了调查。请你结合下表内容，给校报英语专栏编辑Mr. Johnson写封信，反映这次调查的结果。内容要求：
1.描述图表内容；
2.分析所反映的问题；
3.提出你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和落款已为你写出，不计入总词数
Dear Mr. Johnson.
Recently volunteers have conducted a survey about how the students spend their weekends.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua


第一师高级中学2022-2023学年第一学期高三第二次月考
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
About us
Fablesandfairytales.com is a non-profit site for visitors from all over the world to share and read fables and fairy tales.
Our main objective is to promote the importance of such stories in developing culture, imagination and creativity. We believe that reading the fables and fairy tales from different cultures allows us to build a greater understanding and appreciation of the diversity around the world.
We organise storytelling sessions around the world. Watch out for our monthly “Fable and Fairy Tale” writing competition for different age groups. We also run the permanent “Fable and Fairy Tales” museum in Hanau, Germany, at the home of the Brothers Grimm. Contact us at museum@fablesandfairytales.com to arrange your visit!
The museum is open to all individuals and school groups with a booking. A multilingual guide is available on request. No charges for guides and admissions but donations are much appreciated.

1. What is the main goal of fablesandfairytales.com?
A. It provides visitors with teaching resources.
B. It promotes the reading of fables and fairy tales.
C. It holds various writing competitions around the world.
D. It conducts tours and lessons at the Fables and Fairy Tales Museum.
2. How does the “Fables and Fairy Tales” museum support itself?
A. It charges for admissions and guides.
B. It makes profits from advertisements.
C. It receives money from the Brothers Grimm.
D. It relies on the donations from its visitors.
3. What can we learn about the storytellers?
A. They get paid from the website. B. They are experienced in storytelling.
C. They will receive professional training. D. They are chosen by their uploaded works.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Fablesandfairytales.com 网站的性质、创立的目标以及开展的项目。文章还介绍了网站所经营的“寓言和童话”博物馆，并发布招聘启事，招聘故事讲述人。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Fablesandfairytales.com is a non-profit site for visitors from all over the world to share and read fables and fairy tales.(Fablesandfairytales.com是一个非盈利性网站，供来自世界各地的访客分享和阅读寓言和童话。)”以及第二段“Our main objective is to promote the importance of such stories in developing culture, imagination and creativity. We believe that reading the fables and fairy tales from different cultures allows us to build a greater understanding and appreciation of the diversity around the world.(我们的主要目标是宣传这些故事在发展文化，想象力和创造力方面的重要性。我们相信，阅读来自不同文化的寓言和童话能让我们更好地理解和欣赏世界的多样性。)”可知此网站的主要目标是要促进寓言和童话的阅读。故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“No charges for guides and admissions but donations are much appreciated.(导游和入场不收费，但欢迎捐款)”可推断出这个博物馆依靠游客的捐赠来维持。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后海报中的“Join us as a storyteller! If you are passionate about being a storyteller, send us a video of a reading to storyteller@fablesandfairytales.com. Upload a great performance and we will include you in our list!(加入我们，成为一个讲故事的人！如果你想成为一个讲故事的人，请给我们发送一个阅读视频到storyteller@fablesandfairytales.com。上传精彩表现的视频，我们会将您列入我们的聘用名单！)”可知故事讲述人都是根据他们上传的作品选出来的。故选D。
B
I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – “Do We Need It?” and “Put It in Its Place”– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine.
If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. I consider this unhealthy. I want to be better at moving on.
So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love. Can I go full Kondo? I will try. One central idea is to clean by category. You start by collecting all clothes and gathering them together for consideration. It makes you rethink how you organize. Next, hold each item and ask if it brings you joy. This way you’re choosing what to keep. And that’s how I find myself with all my clothes on my bedroom floor. My wife walks by and gives me a look that says I’m nuts. She’s probably not wrong.
Somewhere near the bottom of this chaos is my special jacket. I move through the pile: pants, shirts, suits and shoes. Then my last category: jackets. I haven’t worn the thing in about 30 years. Somehow, it has survived. Now that I’m striving to follow Kondo – surely, its time has come?
I hold it in my hand. There is a tear just below the collar that widens as I hold it. It’s literally falling apart. Will I ever wear it again? Not a chance. Does it feel good to wear? Does it bring me joy? Actually, yes. At this moment, my daughter walks in. She asks about the jacket. I tell her the story. She thinks I should keep it. It’s cool and unique and full of memories. She is arguing that nostalgia (怀念) is the very reason.
I’m not entirely convinced by my daughter’s arguments. I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.
4. What does the underlined word “discarded” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. adjusted B. reserved C. abandoned D. tidied
5. What drives the author to read The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up?
A. To learn how to categorize. B. To improve his tidying skills.
C. To persuade his family members. D. To develop passion for minimalism.
6. What is the attitude of the author’s family members toward minimalism?
A. They don’t understand it. B. They completely support it.
C. They are strongly opposed to it. D. They are less passionate about it.
7. What’s the best title for the text?
A. Knowing when to let go B. Classifying what you love
C. Throwing worn-out clothes D. Keeping valuable possessions
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文中作者喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但家人并不支持他，为了提高整理技巧，作者去读了《改变生活的整理魔法》。在整理满地的衣服时，作者发现了难以舍弃的夹克衫，又把它放在了“保留”堆里。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“If I’m going to be honest, my own tidying skills are not as great as I’d like. My “discarded” pile is never quite the trash mountain I want because I make up excuses for why things are useful. ”（说实话，我自己的整理技能并没有我想要的那么好。我的“discarded”堆从来都不是我想要的垃圾山，因为我为东西为什么有用找借口）可知，爱整理的作者，整理出来要扔弃的不是自己想要的垃圾山。故划线词意思是丢弃，近义词是abandoned。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I want to be better at moving on.”(我想更好地继续前进)以及第三段“So, this time I found help – the classics for people like me: The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, by Marie Kondo. Kondo’s commitment to her craft is astonishing. Her philosophy is only to keep things you love.”（所以，这次我找到了帮助——为像我这样的人准备的经典书籍:近藤麻理惠的《改变生活的整理魔法》。近藤对她的技艺的投入是惊人的。她的哲学是只保留自己喜欢的东西）可知，提高他的整理技巧是驱使作者去读《改变生活的整理魔法》。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“I enjoy throwing stuff away. I’d love to go full minimalism (极简主义), but my wife and two teenage kids do not share my dream of a house with almost nothing in it. I have tried. When the kids were little, I taught them my two favorite games – ‘Do We Need It?’ and ‘Put It in Its Place’– and made them play every few months. Their enthusiasm never matched mine. ”（我喜欢扔掉东西。我喜欢完全的极简主义风格，但我的妻子和两个十几岁的孩子不喜欢我那种几乎什么都没有的房子的梦想。我已经试过了。当孩子们还小的时候，我教他们我最喜欢的两个游戏——“我们需要它吗?”和《放回原处》——每隔几个月就让他们演奏一次。他们的热情永远比不上我）可知，家人们对极简主义不那么有激情。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据最后一段“I believe in looking ahead, not backward. Nevertheless, sometimes it’s hard to let go. So I gently place the jacket on the “keep” pile.”（我相信向前看，而不是向后看。然而，有时候放手是很难的。所以我轻轻地把夹克放在“保留”那一堆）可知，作者一直坚持极简主义风格，但是在整理过程中也遇到了难以取舍的物品，所以本文围绕着“在收纳过程中知道什么时候放手”的主题展开。“知道什么时候放手”适合做最佳标题。故选A。
C
Lichens(地衣)
Lichens look like splashes of paint left behind by a careless painter. Unlike many plants, they do not require soil to grow. They grow on trunk of trees in steaming tropical rain forests, on farmers’ fenceposts, on the bricks of big-city buildings, and on old gravestones. Lichens can tolerate extremes of climate. They grow on rocks in hot springs, on wind-swept mountaintops, and on stones in the driest deserts. In the Arctic, lichens are the principal source of food for reindeer. Whole mountainsides in Antarctica appear green and orange because of the presence of lichens; they are one of the few plants that can survive there. They are among the oldest of known plants. Recently, scientists discovered lichen fossils on a rock in a mine in southwest China that date back 600 million years.
When conditions become harsh, lichens become dormant(休眠). If there is not enough moisture, they simply dry up, but a short rain or even a heavy dew gives them new life. When growing on rock surfaces, lichens produce acids that dissolve(溶解)the minerals, contributing to the process of weathering by which rocks are slowly turned to soil. This property enables lichens to be pioneers. They appear on barren rock rubbed clean by glaciers, fires, lava flows, or floods, beginning the process of soil formation that allows mosses(苔藓)and other plants to later take root. But, despite their hardiness, lichens are extremely sensitive to airborne particles(颗粒). That’s why they serve as an early warning system for air pollution.
It is the acids lichens produce that give them their distinctive colors. Lichens are often spoken of in the same breath as mosses, and some lichens are even called mosses, but true mosses are all distinctively green, whereas lichens appear in many vivid colors. At one time, acids from lichens were used to make dyes, such as the purple dye, the blue dye, and the red dye, and they are sometimes still used that way today. Some lichens, such as oakmoss, contain oils that produce fragrant odors used in scented soaps, cosmetics and perfumes. Some lichens are also known to have antibiotic properties to kill bacteria.
So definite are the form, color, and characteristics of these organisms that for hundreds of years lichens were constantly under scientists’ microscope.
8. What characteristic of lichens is mainly talked about in paragraph 1?
A. They grow only on rock surfaces.
B. They live primarily in cold places.
C. They have adapted to a wide variety of environments.
D. They live in remote locations far from human communities.
9. The author refer to lichens as pioneers in paragraph 2 because they __________.
A. have their primitive structure
B. grow in areas before other plants do
C. are found in remote parts of the world
D. develop so early in the history of the planet
10. According to paragraph 3, humans use lichens in the following ways EXCEPT __________.
A. as a means of coloring clothing
B. as a type of medicine
C. as a source of food
D. as an ingredient in perfume
11. Which of the following cases would be probably dealt with in the next paragraph?
A. Lichens are important in Canada because of their abundance in the north.
B. Extracts of lichens were sold as herbal medicines to facilitate hair growth.
C. Glacier Park’s vast array of lichens indicate relatively good air quality.
D. A German botanist first found lichens are composed of two life forms.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地衣，包括其各种各样的生长环境和用途。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“They grow on trunk of trees in steaming tropical rain forests, on farmers’ fenceposts, on the bricks of big-city buildings, and on old gravestones. Lichens can tolerate extremes of climate. They grow on rocks in hot springs, on wind-swept mountaintops, and on stones in the driest deserts. In the Arctic, lichens are the principal source of food for reindeer. Whole mountainsides in Antarctica appear green and orange because of the presence of lichens; they are one of the few plants that can survive there. They are among the oldest of known plants. Recently, scientists discovered lichen fossils on a rock in a mine in southwest China that date back 600 million years.(它们生长在热带雨林的树干上，生长在农民的篱笆柱上，生长在大城市建筑的砖块上，生长在古老的墓碑上。地衣可以忍受极端的气候。它们生长在温泉的岩石上，风吹过的山顶上，以及最干燥的沙漠里的石头上。在北极，地衣是驯鹿的主要食物来源。南极洲的整个山坡因为地衣的存在而呈现出绿色和橙色；它们是少数能在那里生存的植物之一。它们是已知最古老的植物之一。最近，科学家们在中国西南部的一个矿山的岩石上发现了地衣化石，可以追溯到6亿年前。)”可知，第一段主要介绍了地衣生长在各种不同的环境中，由此可推知，地衣已经适应了各种各样的环境。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“When growing on rock surfaces, lichens produce acids that dissolve(溶解)the minerals, contributing to the process of weathering by which rocks are slowly turned to soil. This property enables lichens to be pioneers. They appear on barren rock rubbed clean by glaciers, fires, lava flows, or floods, beginning the process of soil formation that allows mosses(苔藓)and other plants to later take root.(当地衣生长在岩石表面时，会产生酸性物质溶解矿物质，促进岩石慢慢变成土壤的风化过程。这种特性使地衣成为先锋。它们出现在被冰川、火灾、熔岩流或洪水冲刷干净的贫瘠岩石上，开始了土壤形成的过程，使苔藓和其他植物后来生根。)”可知，地衣生长在岩石表面，促进岩石慢慢变成土壤的风化过程，形成土壤，这让苔藓和其他植物能生根，由此可推知，作者在第二段中将地衣称为先驱，是因为它们先于其他植物，最先在岩石上生长的，故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“At one time, acids from lichens were used to make dyes, such as the purple dye, the blue dye, and the red dye, and they are sometimes still used that way today. Some lichens, such as oakmoss, contain oils that produce fragrant odors used in scented soaps, cosmetics and perfumes. Some lichens are also known to have antibiotic properties to kill bacteria.(曾经有一段时间，地衣中的酸被用来制造染料，比如紫色染料、蓝色染料和红色染料，它们有时至今仍被用于制造染料。一些地衣，例如橡树苔，含有可以产生芳香气味的油，用于香皂、化妆品和香水。一些地衣也具有杀菌的抗生素特性。)”可知，人类使用地衣作为染料，香水的原料，以及作为一种药物，C选项“作为食物来源”没有提到，故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“So definite are the form, color, and characteristics of these organisms that for hundreds of years lichens were constantly under scientists’ microscope.( 这些生物的形态、颜色和特征是如此的明确，以至于几百年来，地衣一直在科学家的显微镜下。)”可知，文章最后一段主要指出几百年来，科学家一直在显微镜下观察研究地衣，由此可推知，文章接下来会讲科学家在显微镜下对地衣的发现，D项“A German botanist first found lichens are composed of two life forms.(一位德国植物学家首次发现地衣是由两种生命形式组成的。)”符合，故选D。
D
Although the weather is very hot now, the carnival of ice and snow is getting closer. The preparation work for Beijing Winter Olympic Games, which are expected to begin on Feb 4, 2022, has entered its final stage. In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.
In the Winter Olympics, where races can be won or lost by a small-time gap, tiny imperfections in the ice can make a big difference. “It’s not just a hunk of ice like you’d normally think of, like ice cubes sitting in your freezer,” told Kenneth Golden, a US mathematician who studies the structures of ice. “It’s a much more fascinating and complex substance than people would normally think.”
The first step for building any ice rink is to purify the water to remove dissolved solids like salts and minerals. Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal (六边形的) structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.
In addition to the need for excellence in the raw materials of ice-making, technology is also very important. As one of the most advanced technologies for winter sports venues, a carbon dioxide (CO2) cooling technology has been applied on a large scale for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. CO2 is not new when it comes to ice-making. However, it has been gradually replaced by the man-made refrigerant (制冷剂) like Freon.
With increasing attention toward climate change, the old refrigerant has come into use again. As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.
“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way,” told Gao Bo from the Media Operations Department of the Organizing Committee of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
12. What is the result of impurities in water for ice-making?
A. The water isn’t able to freeze completely.
B. The quality of the ice will be affected.
C. The ice surface will be more consistent.
D. It’s likely for athletes to fall on the ice.
13. Why has CO2 cooling technology been applied for the Winter Olympic Games?
A. It’s the most advanced technologies for ice-making.
B. CO2 is more efficient than other refrigerants.
C. CO2 is more environmentally-friendly than Freon.
D. CO2 has already existed in the atmosphere.
14. What is Gao’s attitude to CO2 being applied to ice-making?
A. Unclear. B. Opposed. C. Doubtful. D. Favourable.
15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Beijing Winter Olympic Games Is Coming.
B. Beneath Olympic Ice.
C. The Use of Refrigerants in Olympic Games.
D. The Structure of Ice.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Such impurities don’t fit in the regular hexagonal structure of ice that forms as water freezes. The purer the water is, the more consistent the ice surface.”（这些杂质不适合水结冰时形成规则的六边形冰结构。水越纯净，冰面越稳定。）可知，制冰用水中有杂质，冰的质量会受到影响。故选B项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As an element of the atmosphere, CO2 doesn’t damage the ozone layer. Although CO2 is a greenhouse gas, its greenhouse effect is much lower than that of other man-made refrigerants. The Winter Olympics venues adopted CO2 instead of Freon as a refrigerant in ice-making, which will reduce carbon dioxide emissions greatly.”（作为大气的一种成分，二氧化碳不会破坏臭氧层。虽然二氧化碳是一种温室气体，但其温室效应远低于其他人造制冷剂。冬奥会场馆在制冰过程中采用二氧化碳代替氟利昂作为制冷剂，这将大大减少二氧化碳的排放。）可知，二氧化碳冷却技术被应用于冬奥会是因为二氧化碳比氟利昂更加环保。故选C项。
14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“We believe these technological innovations will bring Beijing 2022 to spectators all over the world in a more impressive way”（我们相信，这些技术创新将以更令人印象深刻的方式将北京2022年冬奥会带给世界各地的观众。）可知，高波对于二氧化碳用于制冰持有支持态度。故选D项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“In January, 2021, the ice-making work on the Ice Ribbon, a landmark venue for the Beijing Winter Olympics, was completed.”（2021年1月，北京冬奥会标志性场地“冰带”的制冰工作已经完成。）以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了北京冬奥会在制冰的原料和技术上的精益求精，所以“Beneath Olympic Ice”（冬奥会滑冰场的秘密）可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People connect to their cultural or ethnic group through similar food patterns. People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. ____16____ These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.
Regional food habits do exist, but they also change over time. ____17____ They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.
In addition to impacting food choices, culture also plays a role in food-related etiquette (礼节). For example, the amount people eat and leave uneaten varies from culture to culture. Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfied. ____18____ Similarly, a clean plate might signify either satisfaction with the meal or desire for more food.
____19____ Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. Among other families, talking during a meal is acceptable, but the topics are limited. In some Southeast Asian countries, it is considered polite to keep silent during a meal.
Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women. ____20____ However, in most parts of the world, food is associated with expression of friendship. Therefore, sensitivity to food customs is important in cross-cultural communication.
A. People off different age groups eat differently.
B. As people immigrate; food preferences are exported.
C. Food items themselves have meaning attached to them.
D. The areas in which families live influence food likes and dislikes.
E. One of the reasons is that food itself is brought to other countries.
F. Besides, the role of conversation during mealtime varies from place to place.
G. However, cooks from other locations might be displeased if food is left on the plate.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在不同的文化中饮食模式不同的原因。
【16题详解】
根据“People from different cultural backgrounds eat different foods. (不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物)”以及“These food preferences result in patterns of food choices within a cultural or regional group.(这些食物偏好导致了文化或区域群体内的食物选择模式)”可知，不同文化背景的人吃不同的食物，而家庭所居住的局域也会对食物的偏好有所影响。由此可知，D项“家庭居住的地区影响食物的好恶”符合语境，和前一句话共同解释了造成饮食偏好的原因。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据“They may use their old recipes with new ingredients, or experiment with new recipes to match their own tastes. Because people and food are mobile, attempts to characterize a country or people by what they eat are often inaccurate.(他们可能会用他们的老食谱搭配新的配料，或者尝试新的食谱来满足自己的口味。因为人和食物是流动的，所以试图通过吃什么来描述一个国家或一个人往往是不准确的)”可知，因为人口和食物都是流动的，所以人们吃的食物也会因为人口和食物的流动而改变。由此可知，B项“随着人们的移民，食物偏好被输出”符合语境。B项中的 immigrate和下文中“people and food are mobile”相呼应。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据“In addition to impacting food choices, culture also plays a role in food-related etiquette (礼节).( 除了影响食物选择外，文化也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用)”以及“Some people from Middle Eastern and Southeast Asian countries might leave a little bit of food on their plates in order to indicate that their hunger has been satisfied.( 一些来自中东和东南亚国家的人可能会在盘子里留下一点食物，以表明他们的饥饿得到了满足)”可知，文化的不同也在与食物相关的礼仪中发挥作用，而且文中举了几个不同的饮食习俗。由此可知，G项“然而，如果食物留在盘子里，其他地方的厨师可能会不高兴”符合语境。G项中的however和前文形成转折关系，而且也是在举例说明不同的饮食习俗。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据“Many families believe that mealtime is a good time to communicate and to “catch up” on the lives of family and friends. (许多家庭认为，进餐时间是沟通和“赶上”家人和朋友生活好时机)”可知，本段主要讲述进餐时间是和家人沟通的好时机。由此可知，F项“此外，在进餐时间交谈的作用因地而异”符合语境。F项中的conversation和下文中的communicate相呼应。故选F。
【20题详解】
根据“Even among people who share similar cultural backgrounds, eating patterns are not identical. Further, men eat differently from women.( 即使在文化背景相似的人群中，饮食模式也不尽相同。此外，男性的饮食与女性不同)”可知，本段主要讲述即使在文化相同的人群中，饮食习惯也会不同。由此可知，A项“不同年龄段的人吃得不同”符合语境。和前一句话共同构成了“即使在文化相同的人群中，饮食习惯也会不同”的两个方面。故选A。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分75分)
第一节(共40小题;每小题1.5分，满分60分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
One night in 2003，Jans and his wife Sherrie were walking the dog Dakotah near their house. Suddenly, a young ___21___appeared and began running in their direction. Amazed and ___22___，the couple immediately broke Dakotah loose to protect them. "However, the two animals stopped yards apart and____23____stared at each other as if each were looking at an almost- forgotten face and trying to remember something,” recalls Jans in his book A Wolf Called Romeo.
Over the next week, the Janses always____24____the wolf playing with the dogs in the neighborhood. They____25____that when the wolf saw a dog, he would make a fool of himself- wagging, pacing, and even striking some dog poses. Because of the wolf's ___26___，Sherrie named him Romeo. The___27___extended from dogs to locals quickly. ____28____ ,crowds of locals started coming to ___29___the wolf, and some liked him so much that they seemed to forget that wolves are_____30_____.
For the next five years, Romeo_____31_____to the area in fall and winter. "He would be in the same place every morning to____32____people going to work or walking their dogs,_____33_____he'd set with a time clock"，writes Jans. As the only wolf in the area，Romeo had ____34____ creatures to eat，a large open space to live in, and little_____35_____1 from other animals. However, some critics felt Romeo was a(n)_____36_____，and there was a talk about driving him out of the area.
Romeo came again in September 2009，but later that month, he_____37_____again. After some searching, a supporter found he had been_____38_____by Park and Jeff. Both men were arrested later. They ended up paying fines according to the local law, losing hunting ____39____. In late November 2010，a memorial service was held for Romeo. "Nothing can take away the years we spent in his____40____ ，”writes Jans. "We'll remember the happiness he brought to us forever.”
21. A. woman B. boy C. wolf D. dog
22. A. curious B. terrified C. disappointed D. content
23. A. anxiously B. tentatively C. angrily D. hardly
24. A. spotted B. prevented C. protected D. imagined
25. A. hated B. believed C. observed D. warned
26. A. experience B. violence C. companion D. behavior
27. A. friendship B. challenge C. campaign D. freedom
28. A. Approximately B. Generally C. Importantly D. Gradually
29. A. keep a record of B. have a look at C. make an example of D. take advantage of
30. A. aggressive B. kind C. stubborn D. lonely
31. A. reacted B. adapted C. returned D. ref erred
32. A. attack B. stop C. inform D. meet
33. A. even if B. as though C. so that D. in case
34. A. offensive B. limited C. common D. abundant
35. A. competition B. acquaintance C. cooperation D. acquisition
36. A. pride B. pity C. danger D. accomplishment
37. A. burst B. arose C. changed D. disappeared
38. A. shot B. hidden C. fooled D. raised
39. A. methods B. privileges C. partners D. habits
40. A. hand B. direction C. company D. opinion
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只混入人迹的狼渐渐地受到当地人的喜爱。虽然后来这只狼被人猎杀，但是当地人发起纪念它的活动，由此展现了人与动物和谐共处的美好画面。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，一只年轻的狼出现了，并开始向他们的方向跑去。A. woman女人；B. boy男孩；C. wolf狼；D. dog狗。根据下文the wolf playing with the dogs in the neighborhood.可知，这对夫妻在遛狗时突然发现了一只狼(wolf)。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：惊讶和恐惧，这对夫妇立即松开Dakotah保护他们。A. curious好奇的；B. terrified可怕的；C. disappointed失望的；D. content满意的。根据下文“这对夫妇立即松开了他的狗Dakotah来保护他们”可知，Jans夫妇感到惊讶和害怕( terrified)。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这两只动物在相距几码远的地方停了下来，试探地面面相觑，仿佛彼此都在看着一张几乎被人遗忘的面孔，并在努力回忆着什么。A. anxiously焦急地；B. tentatively暂时地；试探性地；C. angrily生气地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文关键词“as if"和上下文语境可知，两只动物试探性地( tentatively)盯着对方，好像彼此在看着一张几乎被遗忘的脸，并且在努力回忆着什么。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的一个星期里，简夫妇总是看到那只狼和附近的狗在玩耍。A. spotted发现；B. prevented阻止；C. protected保护；D. imagined想象。根据下文the wolf playing with the dogs in the neighborhood.可知在随后的几周，Jans夫妇总是发现(spotted)这只狼和附近的狗一起玩耍。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们注意到，当狼看到狗的时候，他会像个傻瓜一样摇来摇去——摇摆、踱步，甚至摆出一些狗的姿势。A. hated讨厌；B. believed相信；C. observed观察；D. warned警告。根据下文when the wolf saw a dog, he would make a fool of himself- wagging, pacing, and even striking some dog poses.可知这些是Jans夫妇观察到(observed)的情况，如当狼看到狗的时候，他会像个傻瓜一样摇来摇去，踱来踱去，甚至摆出一些狗的姿势。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于这只狼的行为，雪莉给它起名叫罗密欧。A. experience经历；B. violence暴力；C. companion同伴；D. behavior行为。结合上文he would make a fool of himself- wagging, pacing, and even striking some dog poses.可知是一些狼的行为，因此给它起名罗密欧。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种友谊很快从狗扩展到当地人。A. friendship友谊；B. challenge挑战；C. campaign竞选；D. freedom自由。根据上文可知，狼与狗之间产生了友谊(friendship)，且这种友谊也延伸到了狼与人之间。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，成群的当地人开始来看这只狼，有些人非常喜欢他，以至于他们似乎忘记了狼具有攻击性。A. Approximately大约；B. Generally通常；C. Importantly重要地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据上文狼和当地人也产生了友谊可知，逐渐有成群的当地人来看Romeo。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：渐渐地，成群的当地人开始来看这只狼，有些人非常喜欢他，以至于他们似乎忘记了狼具有攻击性。A. keep a record of记录；B. have a look at看一看；C. make an example of惩罚；D. take advantage of利用。根据上文crowds of locals started coming to可知成群的当地人来看这只狼。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，成群的当地人开始来看这只狼，有些人非常喜欢他，以至于他们似乎忘记了狼具有攻击性。A. aggressive攻击性地；B. kind善良的；C. stubborn固执的；D. lonely寂寞地。根据上文固定句式so…that…“如此……以致于……”可知有些人非常喜欢它以致于，大家都几乎忘记了狼具有攻击性 ( aggressive)。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的五年里，罗密欧在秋天和冬天回到了这个地区。A. reacted反应；B. adapted适应；C. returned返回；D. referred参考。根据下文He would be in the same place every morning to可知，Romeo在秋天和冬天回到(returned)这个地区，在同一个地方与去上班或遛狗的人见面，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jans写道:“他每天早上都会在同一个地方与去上班或遛狗的人见面，就好像他给自己配了一个时钟。”A. attack攻击；B. stop停止；C. inform通知；D. meet遇见。根据下文people going to work or walking their dogs可知是与去上班或遛狗的遇见，见面。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：Jans写道:“他每天早上都会在同一个地方与去上班或遛狗的人见面，就好像他给自己配了一个时钟。”A. even if即使；B. as though好像；C. so that所以；D. in case万一。根据下文he'd set with a time clock"可知是在比喻，好像给自己“配了一个时钟”，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为这个地区唯一的狼，罗密欧有丰富的食物可以吃，可以住很大的空地，很少有来自其他动物的竞争。A. offensive攻击性的；B. limited有限的；C. common共同的；D. abundant丰富的。根据上文As the only wolf in the area可知，作为该地区唯一的狼，Romeo有丰富的(abundant)动物可以吃。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为这个地区唯一的狼，罗密欧有大量的动物可以吃，有很大的空地可以住，很少有来自其他动物的竞争。A. competition竞争；B. acquaintance熟人；C. cooperation合作；D. acquisition获得。根据上文As the only wolf in the area可知，作为该地区唯一的狼，罗密欧很少有来自其他动物的竞争。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些反对者认为罗密欧是个危险，有传言说要把他赶出这个地区。A. pride骄傲；B. pity遗憾；C. danger危险；D. accomplishment成就。根据下文there was a talk about driving him out of the area.可知，反对者认为Romeo是个危险(danger)，要把它赶走。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：罗密欧在2009年9月再次出现，但当月晚些时候，他又消失了。A. burst爆发；B. arose出现；C. changed改变；D. disappeared消失。根据上文中的关键词“came again”和but后的转折可知，Romeo再次消失 ( disappeared)。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过一番搜寻，一名支持者发现他是被帕克和杰夫开枪打死的。A. shot射击；B. hidden隐藏；C. fooled愚弄；D. raised上升。根据下文“两个男人被捕”可知，Romeo已经被Park和Jeff猎杀(shot)。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据当地法律，他们最终支付了罚款，失去了打猎的特权。A. methods方式；B. privileges特权；C. partners伙伴；D. habits习惯。根据上下文语境可知，Park和Jeff由于猎杀了Romeo，失去了打猎的特权 (privileges)。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没有什么能带走我们在他陪伴下度过的时光，” Jans写道。“我们将永远记住他给我们带来的幸福。”A. hand手；B. direction方向；C. company陪伴；D. opinion观点。Jans写到“没有什么能夺去我们在他陪伴下(company)度过的岁月”。in one's company意为“在某人的陪伴下”。故选C。
B
Courage involves the balance between fear and bravery. Without fear, we’ll do foolish things. And without courage, we’ll never step into the ___41___. The balance of the two is where the magic lies, and it’s a balance we all ___42___ every day.
It was frightening news when I was first diagnosed because I had no ___43___with chronic(慢性的)illness or disabilities. And I had no idea how the disease might ___44___. But I continued to ___45___ my dream of working all over the world. And then my work brought me to the United States. And even as the disease progressed ___46___and I needed leg braces(支架)and a walker to ___47___, I still longed for adventure. And this time, I started dreaming of a ___48___outdoor adventure.
Sitting eight feet above the ground, riding a horse, I got the impression of the Grand Canyon—one of ___49___ and terror. But there was no ____50____. In the first hour, disaster struck. Going down an oversized step, I was ____51____ forward and hit my face on the back of the horse’s head. There was ____52____. My head hurt fiercely, but the path was too narrow for me to ____53____the horse.
Now that the trip is over, I know that I would never do horseback-riding again. The ____54____, all that planning and the trip itself showed me a level of ____55____I had never experienced before. But more importantly, it showed me how boldly ____56____ I can be.
In facing my fears and finding the courage to ____57____ them, I swear my life has been ____58____. So live big and try to let your courage ____59____your fear. You never know where it might ____60____ you.
41. A. unimportant B. unfair C. unknown D. undesirable
42. A. sort out B. deal with C. spy on D. cut down
43. A. experience B. direction C. relationship D. mood
44. A. emerge B. adapt C. progress D. extend
45. A. present B. purchase C. interpret D. pursue
46. A. flexibly B. mildly C. evenly D. significantly
47. A. get around B. go over C. come along D. hold on
48. A. random B. grand C. romantic D. historical
49. A. regret B. disgust C. shock D. embarrassment
50. A. settling down B. turning down C. trying out D. giving up
51. A. knocked B. thrown C. stuck D. hurried
52. A. panic B. stress C. relaxation D. silence
53. A. fall off B. get off C. take off D. cut off
54. A. spectacle B. horizon C. magnificence D. expedition
55. A. delight B. calmness C. persistence D. fear
56. A. peaceful B. attracted C. courageous D. smart
57. A. push through B. get away with C. put out D. hold back
58. A. grave B. busy C. extraordinary D. happy
59. A. outline B. overweigh C. overlook D. outnumber
60. A. take B. bring C. keep D. guard
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者由于生病而不良于行，但是却仍然去追求冒险的梦想，这让作者意识到勇气的重要性。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有勇气，我们永远无法踏入未知。A. unimportant不重要的；B. unfair不公平的；C. unknown未知的；D. undesirable不合意的；有害的。由上文的“without courage, we’ll never step into the ___1___”和下文讲到作者探险的经历可知，此处指没有勇气，我们将无法踏入未知的世界。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：两者的平衡是魔力的所在，也是我们每天都在处理的平衡。A. sort out整理；B. deal with处理；解决；C. spy on监视；D. cut down砍到；削减。由上文的“The balance of the two”并结合常识可知，我们需要处理恐惧和勇气之间的平衡。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次被诊断出疾病时，这是一个可怕的消息，因此我从未得过慢性疾病或残疾。A. experience经验，经历；B. direction方向，管理；C. relationship关系；D. mood情绪。由上文的“I was first diagnosed”可知，作者之前没有得慢性疾病或残疾的“经历”，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也不知道病情会如何发展。A. emerge出现；B. adapt适应，改编；C. progress进展，发展；D. extend延伸。由下文的“even as the disease progressed”及语境可知，作者得了病，并且不知道病情会如何“发展”，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我继续追求我到世界各地工作的梦想。A. present呈现；B. purchase购买；C. interpret解释；D. pursue追求。由后文的“my dream of working all over the world”可知，作者是追求梦想，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：即使疾病严重恶化，我需要腿部支架和助步器才能行走，我仍然渴望冒险。A. flexibly灵活地；B. mildly温和地；C. evenly均匀地，平等地；D. significantly显著地。由后文的“I needed leg braces(支架) and a walker”可知，作者后来需要腿部支架和助步器，说明显著恶化，也就是疾病严重恶化，故选D。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使疾病严重恶化，我需要腿部支架和助步器才能行走，我仍然渴望冒险。A. get around到处走走；B. go over复习；C. come along跟随，发生；D. hold on等一下。由上文的“I needed leg braces (支架)and a walker”可知，作者是需要腿部支架和助步器来到处走，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次，我开始梦想一次盛大的户外冒险。A. random随意的；B. grand盛大的，大的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. historical历史的。由后文的“outdoor adventure”及下一段的描述可知，作者是开始梦想一次盛大的户外冒险。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在离地面八英尺高的地方，骑着马，我得到了大峡谷的印象——一种震撼和恐怖。A. regret后悔；B. disgust厌恶；C. shock震惊；D. embarrassment尴尬。由上文的“Grand Canyon”可知，作者对大峡谷应该是感到震惊，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：但我没有放弃。A. settling down定居；B. turning down拒绝；C. trying out尝试；D. giving up放弃。由上文的“terror”和“But”表转折可知，作者没有放弃，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第一个小时，灾难发生了。走下一大步时，我被向前一甩，脸撞在了马后脑勺上。A. knocked敲；B. thrown扔，甩；C. stuck粘；D. hurried匆忙进行。由下文的“hit my face on the back of the horse’s head”可知，作者是被向前一甩，脸撞在了马后脑勺上，故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到恐慌。A. panic恐慌；B. stress压力；C. relaxation放松；D. silence安静。由上文的“I was__11__forward and hit my face on the back of the horse's head.”可知，作者被向前一甩，脸撞在了马后脑勺上后，自然会感到恐慌，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的头剧烈地痛着，但路太窄了，我下不了马。A. fall off跌落，掉落；B. get off下车/马；C. take off起飞；D. cut off切断。由上文的“riding a horse”，“the path was too narrow”和空后的“the horse”可知，路太窄了，作者下不了马，故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次探险，所有的计划和旅行本身都让我感受到一种前所未有的恐惧。A. spectacle壮观；B. horizon地平线；C. magnificence壮丽，宏伟；D. expedition旅行，探险。由后文的“all that planning and the trip itself”可知，此处是说这次探险，故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次探险，所有的计划和旅行本身都让我感受到一种前所未有的恐惧。A delight高兴；B. calmness平静；C. persistence坚持不懈；D. fear害怕，恐惧。由下文的“In facing my fears”可知，作者在旅行中感受到了恐惧，故选D。
【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但更重要的是，它让我知道我可以有多勇敢。A. peaceful平静的；B. attracted被吸引的；C. courageous勇敢的；D. smart聪明的。由下文的“In facing my fears and finding the courage”可知，作者是勇敢的，故选C。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在面对恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气时，我发誓我的生活是不平凡的。A. push through挺过；B. get away with侥幸逃脱；C. put out扑灭；D. hold back抑制。由上文的“In facing my fears and finding the courage to”可知，作者是找到勇气法克服恐惧，空格处是“挺过”，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在面对恐惧并找到克服它们的勇气时，我发誓我的生活是不平凡的。A. grave严肃的；B. busy忙的；C. extraordinary非凡的；D. happy高兴的。由上文的“facing my fears and finding the courage to___17____them，I swear my life has been___18____”."可知，作者找到了克服恐惧的勇气，所以生活是不平凡的，故选C。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以要活得宽广，让你的勇气超越你的恐惧。A. outline概述；B. overweigh胜过；C. overlook忽视；D. outnumber数目超过。由上文的“my fears and finding the courage to____17____them”可知，此处表示让你的勇气超越你的恐惧，空格处是“胜过”，故选B。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：你永远不知道它会把你带到哪里。A. take带去；B. bring带来；C. keep保持；D. guard保卫。由上文的“So live big and try to let your courage___18____your fear. You never know where it might...”可知，句子表示“你永远不知道它会把你带到哪里”，空格处是“带去”，故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese Teachers’ Day is the very festival ___61___ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China. It bears much ___62___（similar） to the birthday of Confucius or the birthday of private school tutor in ancient China.
The history of Chinese Teachers’ Day ___63___（date） back to the Han Dynasty. According to the record, during the Han and Jin dynasties, on August 27 each year, the birthday of Confucius, followed by court officials, the emperor would go to Confucius’ temple and pay tribute to the ancient philosopher, and would also invite royal teachers ___64___ the imperial court for a banquet. Local ___65___（chief） followed the court, and on this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day’s vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.
With local officials or the emperor ___66___（lead） a series of activities, the capital, all states and counties would also stage sacrificial ceremonies ___67___（admire） Confucius. Excellent-performing teachers would ___68___（choose） from academies and learning institutions nationwide, reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang（两） silver coins as awards.
Until the Qing Dynasty, the sacrificial ceremony, on August 27, was of ___69___ larger scale. The teachers’ salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised, and well-performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to ___70___（high） positions.
【答案】61. that
62. similarity
63. dates 64. to
65. chiefs 66. leading
67. to admire
68. be chosen
69. a 70. higher
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述教师节的历史。
【61题详解】
考查关系词。句意：中国教师节是庆祝中国2300年来尊师重教传统的节日。分析句子可知，“ celebrates the 2,300-year tradition of respecting teachers and education in China”是从句部分，修饰festival，从句部分缺主语，且有the very修饰，只能填that。故填that。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：它与中国古代孔子的生日或私立学校导师的生日有很多相似之处。分析句子可知，此处应填similar的名词形式similarity作bears的宾语。故填similarity。
【63题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：中国教师节的历史可以追溯到汉代。此处是在介绍教师节的历史，属于客观事实，故用一般现在时。分析句子可知，主语是history，谓语用dates。故填dates。
【64题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：据记载，汉晋时期，每年8月27日孔子诞辰，朝廷官员都会前往孔庙向这位古代哲学家致敬，并会邀请皇室老师到朝廷设宴。invite sb.to do sth.是固定用法，意为“邀请某人做某事”。故填to。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：在这一天，地方官员仿效宫廷，全国各地的教师享受了一天的假期，并收到了肉干作为礼物。根据句意“当地的领导”不止一个可知，此处应用chief的复数形式chiefs。故填chiefs。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在地方官员或皇帝领导的一系列活动中，首都、所有州和县都会举行祭拜孔子的仪式。分析句子可知，此处使用“with+名词+非谓语”这一复合结构， local officials or the emperor和lead是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填leading。
67题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在地方官员或皇帝领导的一系列活动中，首都、所有州和县都会举行祭拜孔子的仪式。分词句子可知，此处应用不定式表目的。故填to admire。
【68题详解】
考查动词的语态。句意：优秀的教师将从全国各院校和学习机构中选拔，向朝廷报告，并给予500两银币作为奖励。根据句意“优秀的教师将从全国各院校和学习机构中选拔”可知，主语与谓语为被动关系，此处需用被动语态，设空前有would，所以填be chosen。故填be chosen。
【69题详解】
考查冠词。句意：直到清朝，8月27日的祭祀仪式规模更大。a larger scale意为“更大的规模”。故填a。
【70题详解】
考查形容词。句意：提高了全国学校和院校教师的工资，表现优秀的教师被授予荣誉或晋升到更高的职位。根据句意可知，晋升是到达更高的岗位，所以用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分)
第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词作斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
1. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
During a show at my Junior high school, many other student chose to play a musical instrument or tell a joke, but I decided sing my favorite song. I had practiced the song many times and could sing it perfectly. However, this day doesn’t go as I had planned. When my name was called, I walked on the stage. Suddenly, 300 people were watching us. I was very nervous that my hands were shaking. Then the music came on. I couldn’t remember of the first part of the song and didn’t sing it at all. To my surprising, instead of laugh at me, people tried to cheer me on. I became relaxing and sang the rest perfectly. It was really a unforgettable experience.
【答案】1. student→students
2 sing前加to
3. doesn't→didn't
4. us → me
5. very →so
6. 去掉of
7. surprising→surprise
8. laugh→laughing
9. relaxing→relaxed
10. a→an
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者初中时一次难忘的演出。
【详解】第一处：考查名词的数。句意：在我初中的一次演出中，许多同学选择演奏乐器或讲笑话，但我决定唱我最喜欢的歌曲。student为可数名词，根据前面的many other修饰可知用复数形式。故将student改为students。
第二处：考查短语。句意：在我初中的一次演出中，许多同学选择演奏乐器或讲笑话，但我决定唱我最喜欢的歌曲。decide to do sth.决定做某事。故在sing前加to。
第三处：考查时态。句意：然而，这一天并没有像我计划的那样进行。根据全文时态可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时态。故将doesn't改为didn't。
第四处：考查代词。句意：当叫到我的名字时，我走上了舞台。突然，300个人都在看着我。根据前后逻辑和句意可知，这里指下面的观众看着“我”。故将us 改为 me。
第五处：考查固定句式。句意：我紧张得双手发抖。so … that …如此……以至于……。故将very改为so。
第六处：考查动词。句意：我不记得这首歌的第一部分，所以根本就没唱。动词remember为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。故去掉of。
第七处：考查固定短语。句意：使我吃惊的是，人们不但没有嘲笑我，反而设法鼓励我。to one’s + 抽象名词形式。to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是。故将surprising改为surprise。
第八处：考查非谓语动词。句意：使我吃惊的是，人们不但没有嘲笑我，反而设法鼓励我。instead of而不是，介词of接动名词形式。故将laugh改为laughing。
第九处：考查形容词。句意：我放松下来，把剩下的部分唱得很完美。主语是人，此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词。故将relaxing改为relaxed。
第十处：考查冠词。句意：那真是一次难忘的经历。形容词unforgettable发音为元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。
第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)
72. 假定你是李华。志愿者们最近对你校学生的周末时间分配进行了调查。请你结合下表内容，给校报英语专栏编辑Mr. Johnson写封信，反映这次调查的结果。内容要求：
1.描述图表内容；
2.分析所反映的问题；
3.提出你的看法。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开头和落款已为你写出，不计入总词数
Dear Mr. Johnson.
Recently volunteers have conducted a survey about how the students spend their weekends.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Possible version
Dear Mr. Johnson
Recently volunteers have conducted a survey about how the students spend their weekends.
As can be seen from the pie, among the surveyed students, about 51% of their time is spent on homework while online activities account for nearly 35%. Meanwhile, doing physical exercise takes up about 7% of their time, sharing the same percentage with reading books.
The survey certainly leaves me deep in thought. Too much homework leaves the students no time for physical exercise or reading, affecting their health and further development. Even worse, many of the surveyed waste much time online, some even addicted to computer games.
So more attention should be given to this case. Students should have more freedom to something more meaningful, rather than just doing boring repetitive exercises. Otherwise, it may have a negative effect on our future.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇图表作文。要求考生结合图表对学生的周末时间分配进行描述，分析图表反映的问题，提出自己的看法。
【详解】1. 词语积累
实施：conduct→carry out
对……有影响：have an effect on →have an impact on
有意义的：meaningful→significant
而不是：rather than→instead of
2. 句式拓展
简单句改为复合句
原句：So more attention should be given to this case.
拓展句：So it is high time that more attention should be given to this case.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As can be seen from the pie, among the surveyed students, about 51% of their time is spent on homework while online activities account for nearly 35%. (as引导非限定性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Too much homework leaves the students no time for physical exercise or reading, affecting their health and further development. (现在分词作结果状语)