2022-2023学年重庆市第十一名校高三上学期12月质量监测试题 英语（原卷版 解析版）

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重庆市第十一中学校高2023届高三上期12月质量监测
英语试题
注意事项：
1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man advise the woman to buy?
A. A red skirt B. A white sweater. C. A pair of blue jeans.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Mother and son. B. Business partners. C. Boss and secretary.
3. What does the woman know about?
A. Major rivers. B. Famous mountains. C. Capital cities.
4. What is the full price of the man’s jacket?
A. $15. B. $30. C. $50.
5. What do we know about Jack?
A. He had a pleasant trip to Wuhan.
B. He hoped everything went well in Wuhan.
C. He spent an unforgettable winter this year in Wuhan.
第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does the man make the call?
A. To make an enquiry about a new car.
B. To buy an insurance for his car.
C. To make a complaint about the service.
7. How much does the Red Flag charge monthly?
A. $ 30 B. $ 40. C. $ 48.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the conversation mainly about?
A. The woman’s poor health.
B. The cleaning of the floor.
C. The prize for a good job.
9. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Doctor and patient. C. Boss and employee.
10. What do we know about the Roomba?
A. It helps the man with his work.
B It costs the woman nearly $400.
C. It frees users of heavy housework.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What kind of show does the man want to make?
A. A cooking show. B. A quiz show. C. An interview show.
12. Where does the man want people to watch his show?
A. In their offices. B. In their homes. C. In their cars.
13. What is the woman’s advice?
A. Picking a different goal.
B. Saving up some money.
C. Making his show different from others.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Which film of the following DIDN’T the woman see?
A. Raising Arizona. B. Wild at heart. C. Neither.
15. How does the woman like the black humor film?
A. Very much. B. Not a bit. C. So-So.
16. What kind of actor does the man think Nicolas Cage should be?
A. A tragic actor. B. A classical actor. C. A comic actor.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What does CyberEdit aim to do?
A. Supply funding for businessmen.
B. Edit documents for Wired magazine.
C. Offer students computer editing services.
18. How many employees did the speaker hire at first?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Ten.
19. Why did some investors invest money in CyberEdit?
A. It promised big returns. B. It got good publicity. C. It employed 50 students.
20. When is the best time for people to develop a business?
A. When they have the idea.
B. After they graduate from college.
C. After they have rich social experience.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Bean curd dates back to 2000 years ago in China.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C. Hot wet cornmeal turned soft when they hit the air.
D. The invention of cheese got its inspiration from Tofu.
2. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They are the results of complaints.
B They were not created on purpose.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
3. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To compare the features of some foods.
B. To inform readers of some foods.
C. To recommend some nutritious foods.
D. To introduce the origins of some foods.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. (豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结)”可知，豆腐可以追溯到2000年前的中国。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.(我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，这三种食物的共同点是：它们不是有意被创造出来的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史渊源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，所以这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一些食物的起源。故选D项。
B
As soon as the words left my mouth, I knew I’d made a mistake. “You think Jane Austen is ...soft?” the man opposite me asked in disbelief. Then, he and his colleague took turns to challenge my claim, finishing each other’s sentences as they stressed that Austen’s novels were, in fact, savage.
“I just mean…” I said in a bright voice, trying to keep the tone light, “that she’s not as biting as Virginia Woolf.”
The two professors battled this idea around, too, like a couple of cats toying with a frightened bird giving specific examples of how Austen’s work was, on the contrary, more biting than Woolf’s. With no more defensive action to take, I simply smiled and said, “Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?” And at that moment, my dreams of going to Oxford University disappeared in a puff of smoke.
Part of my problem, was a lack of confidence. Even though I was a straight A student and had prepared for the interview to the best of my ability, I wasn’t a skilled debater. When faced with two experts who told me that I was wrong, instead of defending myself, I rolled over and accepted defeat. To pass the interview, you need more than confidence, of course. You also need a burning passion for your subject, not just a strong interest. In other words, don’t put comments on your personal statement that you’re not prepared to back up in person. Unfortunately, I made the error.
So, months later, I already knew the contents of my thin envelope when it appeared on my doormat. Naturally, I felt a pang of disappointment. But, looking back, that wasn’t necessarily a bad thing. Instead of going to Oxford, I found a university that was a better fit for my interests. I loved my eclectic (兼容并蓄的) course, where I could write an essay comparing Jane Eyre to 50 Shades of Grey.
Failing my Oxford interview also provided a valuable life lesson. I’m now more confident in my opinions, more passionate when it comes to debate, and I try to back up my points with hard evidence. What’s more, I have never since ended a discussion by giving a simpering smile (傻笑) and saying, “Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?”
4. What does the underline word “savage” mean in paragraph 1?
A. full of irony. B. full of romance
C. involving strong criticism D. reflecting the reality
5. According to the author, the real reason why she failed in her interview was that_________.
A. she didn’t maintain her claim.
B. she argued with the interviewers fiercely.
C. she admitted that she was wrong too quickly.
D. she didn’t make adequate preparations for her claim.
6. Which of the following statements is true about the author?
A. She was not so eager as other students to go to Oxford.
B. She finally fulfilled her dream of studying in Oxford.
C. She entered a university more suitable to develop her interest.
D. She was disappointed about the university she finally entered.
7. After failing the Oxford interview, the author learned that _______.
A. one should back up her points with hard evidence confidently.
B. the ability to debate was the only thing matters in an interview.
C. finding what her real passions were was the most urgent thing to do.
D. respecting different opinions was very important to an interviewee.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文中讲述了自己面试牛津大学失败的经历，虽然面试失败了，但是作者明白了应该自信地用确凿的证据来支持自己观点的道理。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“As soon as the words left my mouth, I knew I’d made a mistake. ‘You think Jane Austen is… soft?’ the man opposite me asked in disbelief.(话一出口，我就知道我犯了个错误。“你认为简·奥斯汀是……温和的？”我对面的人难以置信地问)”以及画线词上文“Then, he and his colleague took turns to challenge my claim, finishing each other’s sentences as they stressed that Austen’s novels were, in fact, savage. (然后，他和他的同事轮流挑战我的说法，结束自己的话时都强调奥斯汀的小说实际上是savage)”可知，针对作者认为简奥斯汀的小说是温和的想法，面试官和他的同事轮流表达了不同的看法，因此推断他们认为奥斯汀的小说并不“soft (温和的，不猛烈的)”，即“savage”，结合选项，“involving strong criticism(包括强烈的批评)”与“soft”意思相反，与“savage”意思相近。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“With no more defensive action to take, I simply smiled and said, ‘Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?’ And at that moment, my dreams of going to Oxford University disappeared in a puff of smoke.(没有更多的辩护措施，我只是笑着说，‘让我们求同存异吧，好吗？就在那一刻，我去牛津大学的梦想就像一缕青烟一样消失了)”和最后一段中“What’s more, I have never since ended a discussion by giving a simpering smile (傻笑) and saying, ‘Let’s just agree to disagree, shall we?’(更重要的是，从那以后，我从来没有在讨论结束时露出一个傻笑，然后说：“让我们求同存异吧，好吗？”)”可推知，作者在牛津面试中没有坚持自己的观点，选择了求同存异，这就是他面试失败的原因。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Instead of going to Oxford, I found a university that was a better fit for my interests.(我没有去牛津，而是找到了一所更符合我兴趣的大学)”可知，她进入了一所更适合发展她兴趣的大学，所以C项正确。故选C项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Failing my Oxford interview also provided a valuable life lesson. I’m now more confident in my opinions, more passionate when it comes to debate, and I try to back up my points with hard evidence.(牛津面试失败也给我上了宝贵的人生一课。现在我对自己的观点更有信心了，在辩论时也更有激情了，而且我会试着用确凿的证据来支持我的观点)”可推知，作者从她的面试经验中学到：一个人应该自信地用确凿的证据来支持自己的观点。故选A项。
C
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat.
8. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?
A. They contain little nicotine.
B. They produce no nicotine five days later.
C. They give off nicotine for days.
D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
9. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?
A. First-hand smoking does most harm.
B. The findings are within his expectation.
C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
10. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?
A. Unclear. B. Disapproving. C. Unconcerned. D. Puzzled.
11. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals
B. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being Smoked
C. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ Harm
D. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，香烟不仅在燃烧时有害，甚至在彻底熄灭后烟蒂依然会释放有害化学物质。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.( 美国食品和药物管理局的一项分析发现，虽然这些化学物质大部分在排放后的一天内被释放出来，但五天后尼古丁的含量只下降了50%。)”可知，烟熄灭后，尼古丁的浓度在五天以后仅下降一半，也就是说熄灭的烟蒂好几天内都会释放尼古丁。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Poppendieck所说的“While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter. (虽然人们已经很关注吸一手烟、二手烟以及现在的三手烟对健康的影响，但当涉及到真正的香烟时，情况却并非如此。)”可推断，人们不像关注一手烟、二手烟和三手烟对健康的影响那样关注烟蒂对健康的影响，即它对健康的影响被忽视了。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. (例如，当房间的空气温度较高时，他们注意到这些烟蒂会以更快的速度产生这些化学物质。)”可知，温度高时，烟蒂释放有害的化学物质的速度更快。再根据“This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days at a time, especially in the heat. (这一发现可能会让那些想把烟灰缸放在外面好几天的人打消念头，尤其是在炎热的天气里。)”可知，作者并不认同好几天不清理烟灰缸的做法。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，根据全文，特别是文章第一段“Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. ”概括了主题，即研究发现吸完的烟蒂会释放有害化学物质。所以“Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful Chemicals(吸完的烟头会释放有害的化学物质)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
D
Adults are often unwilling to ask for aid. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. They hate hearing irresponsible comments.
The research has revealed that youngsters as young as age five start to care about the way others think about them. It also suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others.
To learn more about how children think about reputation, researchers crafted simple stories and then asked children questions to allow them to show their thinking. They asked 576 children aged four to nine to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the kids genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. Both kids did poorly on a test. Children were asked which of these kids would be more likely to ask the teacher for help in front of their class.
The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. When assistance could be sought privately, they thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.
The research shows that children may avoid seeking help when others are present. However, when they are concerned with their appearance to others, learning will suffer.
Such barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. Teachers could make themselves available to students for one-on-one conversations while their classmates tackle group work. They should also help students perceive asking questions as normal, positive behavior. Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Such response sends a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success.
12. Why do children resist asking for help in school?
A. They try to avoid judgement. B. They want to be independent.
C. They want to hide their competence. D. They feel embarrassed to do so.
13. How did the researchers get their result?
A. By dividing kids into different groups.
B. By doing comparative analysis.
C. By gathering experimental data.
D. By referring to previous researches.
14. What does the research show about children?
A. They care much about their appearance.
B. They prefer helping others to being helped.
C. They tend to ask for assistance in private.
D. They are more willing to seek help in public.
15. Which of the following solutions will the author agree with?
A. Parents encourage the family to learn together.
B. Parents value children’s efforts to get help.
C. Teachers build a class of positive behavior.
D. Teachers promote more group work among students.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，小孩子在学校里不寻求帮助也是因为害怕被人认为自己无能。文章介绍了相关研究开展的过程以及建议。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school for the same reason. They hate hearing irresponsible comments.(寻求帮助会让人觉得你在展示自己的无能。新的研究表明，年幼的孩子不会因为同样的原因在学校寻求帮助。他们讨厌听到不负责任的评论)”可推知，孩子们不愿意在学校寻求帮助是因为怕别人认为自己无能，是为了避免听到不负责任的评价(judgement)。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“To learn more about how children think about reputation, researchers crafted simple stories and then asked children questions to allow them to show their thinking. They asked 576 children aged four to nine to predict the behavior of two kids in a story.(为了更多地了解孩子们是如何看待声誉的，研究人员设计了一些简单的故事，然后问孩子们一些问题，让他们表达自己的想法。他们让576名4到9岁的孩子预测故事中两个孩子的行为)”和第四段中“The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance.(四岁的孩子选择两个孩子中任何一个寻求帮助的可能性相同。但是到了七、八岁的时候，孩子们认为那些想要看起来聪明的孩子不太可能寻求帮助)”可推知，研究人员通过比较分析不同年龄段儿童对同一问题的答案的方式得到他们的结果。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“When assistance could be sought privately, they thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it.(当可以私下寻求帮助时，他们认为两个角色请求帮助的可能性是相同的)”和第五段中“The research shows that children may avoid seeking help when others are present.(研究表明，当有其他人在场时，孩子们可能会避免寻求帮助)”可知，关于儿童的研究表明他们倾向于私下寻求帮助。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Such barriers likely require reputation-based solutions.(这些障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案)”和“Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together.(父母可以指出，孩子的问题如何开启了一场有价值的对话，让整个家庭都能一起交谈和学习)”可推知，作者认可的解决方案包括父母要重视孩子寻求帮助的努力，让孩子知道他们的问题开启了一场有价值的家庭对话。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How often do you hear yourself saying things like “It’s not my fault. I had no control over this.”? Can you accept that too often you seem to be blaming people or circumstances for things that happen to you?
____16____In this way you can put all the faults and the problems on others. That’s nice and convenient. Actually, it’s just an attempt to refuse to take responsibility for your own faults, doing absolutely nothing about it.
There really is no benefit in blaming people or circumstances. By ignoring your own contribution to the situation or insisting that others are to blame, you are refusing to take control of your life.____17____
So it’s better to try to control your reactions rather than blame others.____18____Essentially, you must stop letting other people’s actions affect you. Think about your own response and take charge. Respond by taking action to address what can be addressed.____19____
Never again allow yourself to say “I can’t help it. It wasn’t my fault.” George Bernard Shaw said, “People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are.____20____I admire people who look for the circumstances they want, and if they can’t find them, make them.”
A. They will blame you, too.
B. I have never been blamed.
C. I don’t believe in circumstances.
D. It’s very easy to point the finger.
E. You should respond in the right way.
F. Once you do this, you will never waste time blaming.
G. You, therefore, will feel helpless about your situation.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. E 19. F 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人不应该把发生的事情归咎与别人或者环境，这只是一种拒绝为自己的错误承担责任的尝试。
【16题详解】
根据后文“In this way you can put all the faults and the problems on others. That’s nice and convenient. Actually, it’s just an attempt to refuse to take responsibility for your own faults, doing absolutely nothing about it.(这样你就可以把所有的过错和问题都推给别人。这很好也很方便。实际上，这只是一种拒绝为自己的错误承担责任的尝试，完全不起任何作用)”可知，后文提到把过错和问题推给别人，故本句说明在指责他人的情况。故D选项“指责别人很容易”符合语境，下文this way指的就是选项内容。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“There really is no benefit in blaming people or circumstances. By ignoring your own contribution to the situation or insisting that others are to blame, you are refusing to take control of your life.(责备别人或环境真的没有好处。如果你忽视了自己对现状的贡献，或者坚持认为是别人的错，你就拒绝掌控自己的生活)”可知，上文论述了责备别人或环境没有好处，本句为本段最后一句。由此可知，本句指出这对自己处境的影响：会对自己的处境感到无助。故G选项“因此，你会对自己的处境感到无助”符合语境，故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“So it’s better to try to control your reactions rather than blame others.(所以最好是控制自己的反应，而不是责怪别人)”以及后文“Essentially, you must stop letting other people’s actions affect you. Think about your own response and take charge. Respond by taking action to address what can be addressed.(从根本上说，你必须停止让别人的行为影响你。想想你自己的反应，然后掌控局面。采取行动解决可以解决的问题)”可知，上文提到控制自己的反应，不要责怪别人，故本句是在说明应该用正确的方式回应。故E选项“你应该用正确的方式回应”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Essentially, you must stop letting other people’s actions affect you. Think about your own response and take charge. Respond by taking action to address what can be addressed.(从根本上说，你必须停止让别人的行为影响你。想想你自己的反应，然后掌控局面。采取行动解决可以解决的问题)”可知，上文提到了具体的方法，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文，说明这么做的好处。故F选项“一旦你这样做了，你就不会浪费时间责怪别人了”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Never again allow yourself to say “I can’t help it. It wasn’t my fault.” George Bernard Shaw said, “People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are.(永远不要再允许自己说“我没办法。这不是我的错。”萧伯纳说过：“人们总是把自己的处境归咎于环境)”以及后文“I admire people who look for the circumstances they want, and if they can’t find them, make them.(我钦佩那些寻找他们想要的机会的人，如果他们找不到机会，就自己创造机会)”可知，后文提到钦佩寻找想要机会的人，可见萧伯纳并不相信环境。故C选项“我不相信环境”符合语境，故选C。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Steph Clemence always intended to go to college. ____21____ when her father died in a car accident, leaving her mother to support three daughters on a ____22____ income, paying for college became out of the question.
____23____ going to college, Steph found a job, and tried to____24____ what to do with a life so different from her plan. The ____25____came from two pages from her English teacher, Dorothy Clark. One afternoon she walked into the classroom carrying a stack of papers titled “Mrs. Clark’s Book List.” It wasn’t homework, the teacher announced, but it could be a road ____26____ .“Some of you might not go on to higher education,“ Mrs. Clark said, “but you can ____27____ to learn.”
“I was determined to ____28____ myself,” Steph says. She studied the ____29____ and so it began. Each of those books sparked her ____30____ to learn more. “Reading books is like a treasure hunt,” says Steph. “What am I going to ____31____ ? How will my heart change?” That made her look for other books that weren’t on the list, hoping to ____32____ her knowledge.
When the original list ____33____, she typed up a new copy. And then another. Over the years, the family moved around a lot. Through it all, the reading list was a ____34____ in Steph’s life, traveling with her even on vacations. Now Steph is 70, and she never did get to college. But she has only four books ____35____ to read from the list. She expects to complete them sometime in 2023.
21. A. And B. But C. So D. Then
22. A. modest B. high C. regular D. net
23. A. Due to B. Apart from C. Instead of D. As for
24. A. rise to B. figure out C. think of D. take down
25. A. news B. question C. response D. answer
26. A. show B. block C. map D. test
27. A. continue B. stop C. pretend D. afford
28. A. defend B. enjoy C. support D. improve
29. A. homework B. survey C. report D. list
30. A. creation B. passion C. imagination D. satisfaction
31. A. discover B. purchase C. save D. bury
32. A. check B. understand C. limit D. deepen
33. A. tried out B. burst out C. wore out D. sold out
34. A. choice B. souvenir C. constant D. vision
35. A. missing B. published C. finished D. left
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Steph Clemence由于受到到家境的影响无法继续读书学习，但是老师Dorothy Clark罗列的书目让她燃起了继续读书学习的热情。
【21题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但当她的父亲在一场车祸中去世后，她的母亲依靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿，供她上大学成了不可能的事。A. And和；B. But但是；C. So因此；D. Then然后。根据下文“paying for college became out of the question”可知，前后是转折关系，空格处是but。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当她的父亲在一场车祸中去世后，她的母亲依靠微薄的收入养活三个女儿，供她上大学成了不可能的事。A. modest微薄的；B. high高的；C. regular有规律的；D. net净得的。根据下文“paying for college became out of the question”可知，她的母亲收入微薄。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：Steph没有去上大学，而是找到了一份工作，并试图弄清楚如何应对与她的计划截然不同的生活。A. Due to因为；B. Apart from除了；C. Instead of代替，而不是；D. As for关于，至于。根据下文“going to college, Steph found a job”可知，斯蒂芬没有去上大学，而是找到了一份工作，空格处是“代替，而不是”。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：Steph没有去上大学，而是找到了一份工作，并试图弄清楚如何应对与她的计划截然不同的生活。A. rise to应付；B. figure out弄清楚；C. think of想到；D. take down写下。根据下文“what to do with a life so different from her plan”可知，她试图弄清楚如何应对与她的计划截然不同的生活。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案来自她的英语老师多萝西·克拉克的两页纸。A. news新闻；B. question；C. response回答；D. answer答案。根据上文“what to do with a life so different from her plan”可知，此处表示“答案来自她的英语老师多萝西·克拉克的两页纸”。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师宣布，这不是家庭作业，但可能是一张路线图。A. show展示；B. block街区；C. map地图；D. test测试。根据上文“a road”可知，这不是家庭作业，但可能是一张路线图。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们中的一些人可能不会继续接受高等教育，”克拉克老师说，“但你可以继续学习。”A. continue继续；B. stop停止；C. pretend假装；D. afford负担得起。根据上文“Some of you might not go on to higher education”可知，此处表示“你们中的一些人可能不会继续接受高等教育，但你可以继续学习”。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我决心提高自己，”Steph说。A. defend保卫；B. enjoy喜欢；C. support支持；D. improve提高。根据下文“to learn more”可知，Steph决心提高自己。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她仔细研究了一下名单，事情就这样开始了。A. homework家庭作业；B. survey调查；C. report报道；D. list名单。根据上文“Mrs. Clark’s Book List”可知，她仔细研究了一下这个名单。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情。A. creation创造；B. passion热情；C. imagination想象力；D. satisfaction满意。根据下文“Each of those books sparked her___10___ to learn more”可知，每一本书都激发了她学习更多知识的热情。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会发现什么？A. discover发现；B. purchase购买；C. save保存；D. bury埋葬。根据上文“a treasure hunt”可知，此处表示“我会发现什么”。故选A。
32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让她开始寻找书单上没有的书，希望能加深自己的知识。A. check检查；B. understand明白；C. limit限制；D. deepen变深。根据上文“That made her look for other books that weren’t on the list”可知，这让她开始寻找书单上没有的书，希望能加深自己的知识。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：原来的清单磨损了，她又打了一份新的。A. tried out试验；B. burst out突发；C. wore out磨损；D. sold out卖光。根据下文“she typed up a new copy”可知，原来的清单磨损了。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自始至终，阅读清单一直是Steph生活中的一部分，即使是在度假时也会和她一起旅行。A. choice选择；B. souvenir纪念品；C. constant不变的事物；D. vision幻觉。根据下文“traveling with her even on vacations”可知，阅读清单一直是Steph生活中的一部分，空格处意为“不变的事物”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她只剩下四本书可以读了。A. missing错过；B. published出版；C. finished完成；D. left剩下。根据上文“she has only four books”可知，她只剩下四本书可以读了。故选D。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What brilliance will it have when a shell encounters a craftsman? It can transform from an ordinary shell to a ____36____ (fine) carved artwork in a master craftsman’s hands, ____37____ combination of nature’s wonderful power and delicate craftsmanship.
Chinese people have a long relationship with shells. Around 17,000 years ago, the Upper Cave Man ____38____ (hang) shells as decorations. After the Shang Dynasty, shells served as currency. During the Qin and Han dynasties, ____39____ people began to pursue a more colorful life, craftsmen carved simple patterns of birds and beasts on shells and inset them in utensils, desks and chairs. This process of carving and insetting ____40____ (call) “Luo Dian” was formed.
____41____ the inheritance and development by generations of craftsmen, shell carving has drawn inspiration and got new motivation from ivory, jade, wood-carving and Chinese painting. Picked from rivers, lakes and seas, shells ____42____ (select), painted, carved, and then turned into complicated handicrafts.
Skillful craftsmen have created ____43____ (vary) shell carvings, shining with natural texture and human ____44____ (wise). As the fruit of the ocean and human craftsmanship, each shell carving carries ancient culture and modern civilization, _____45_____ (tell) timeless stories of the relationship between humans and the sea.
【答案】36. finely
37. a 38. hung
39. when 40. called
41. With 42. are selected
43. various
44. wisdom 45. telling
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统手工艺——贝壳雕刻的发展历史。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：它可以从一个普通的贝壳转变为一个大师级工匠手中精雕细琢的艺术品，一个大自然奇妙力量和精湛工艺的结合。分析句子可知，“carved”为动词的过去分词，应用副词修饰作状语。故填finely。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它可以从一个普通的贝壳转变为一个大师级工匠手中精雕细琢的艺术品，一个大自然奇妙力量和精湛工艺的结合。分析句子可知，句中泛指“一个……的结合”，空格处应用不定冠词，表示泛指，“combination”音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，故应用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：大约17000年前，山顶洞人悬挂贝壳作为装饰。根据句中“Around 17,000 years ago”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填hung。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：秦汉时期，当人们开始追求更加丰富多彩的生活时，工匠们在贝壳上雕刻简单的鸟兽图案，并将其嵌入器皿、桌椅中。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Qin and Han dynasties”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“when”引导从句。故填when。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为“螺钿”的雕刻和镶嵌工艺形成了。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“was formed”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“process”和“call”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词“called”作后置定语。故填called。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着几代工匠的继承和发展，贝雕从象牙、玉石、木雕和中国画中汲取了灵感，获得了新的动力。分析句子可知，句中“_____ the inheritance and development by generations of craftsmen”为“with的复合结构”，在句中作状语，故空格处应用介词“with”，意为“随着”。故填With。
【42题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：贝壳从河流、湖泊和海洋中采摘，经过挑选、绘画、雕刻，然后制成复杂手工艺品。分析句子可知，空格处应用谓语动词，句子陈述的是经常性，习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，“shells”和“select”为被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，“shells”和“are”连用。故填are selected。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：技艺精湛的工匠们创造了各种各样的贝雕，自然质感和人类智慧熠熠生辉。分析句子可知，“shell carvings”为名词，空格处应用形容词，作定语，“vary”为动词，对应的形容词为“various”，意为“各种各样的”。故填various。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：技艺精湛的工匠们创造了各种各样的贝雕，自然质感和人类智慧熠熠生辉。分析句子可知，“with”为介词，空格处应用名词作宾语。故填wisdom。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为海洋和人类工艺的结晶，每件贝雕都承载着古老的文化和现代文明，讲述着人类与海洋关系的永恒故事。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“carries”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“shell carving”和“tell”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词“telling”作状语。故填telling。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 你校110周年校庆快到了，学生会正在招募志愿者，请你撰写一篇招募志愿者的宣传稿，要点如下：
1.邀请大家加入志愿者;
2.简要介绍志愿工作;
3.谈谈参加活动可能的收获。
注意：1词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。注意：
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【答案】Dear students,
Because the 110th anniversary of our school is coming, our school will hold various activities to celebrate the grand 110th anniversary. At the same time, it will welcome many influential guests and alumni from all walks of life at home and abroad. Now our school decides to recruit volunteers for all the students. The details are as follows:
First of all, the volunteers are mainly responsible for guiding and serving the famous alumni, acting as their campus explanation and campus guide. Volunteers will also help organize other events. Finally, by attending this event, you will not only have the opportunity to meet famous alumni, but also to fully understand the long history and development of our school.
Sincerely, look forward to your active participation.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校110周年校庆即将到来，要求考生撰写一篇招募志愿者的宣传稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first of all → first and foremost
各种各样的：various→ varieties of
机会：opportunity→ chance
诚挚的：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, the volunteers are mainly responsible for guiding and serving the famous alumni, acting as their campus explanation and campus guide.
拓展句：First of all, the volunteers are mainly responsible for guiding and serving the famous alumni, who act as their campus explanation and campus guide.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, the volunteers are mainly responsible for guiding and serving the famous alumni, acting as their campus explanation and campus guide. （运用了现在分词作伴随状语的结构）
【高分句型2】Finally, by attending this event, you will not only have the opportunity to meet famous alumni, but also to fully understand the long history and development of our school.（运用了not only…but also…的并列结构）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A young person who was academically excellent applied for a manager’s post in an international company. He passed the written exam with ease, and in the group interview that followed, he impressed the interviewers with willy remarks, passion for work, and creative plans for the company’s future. After that, this young man had to face the final interview by the company’s director.
The young man walked into the manager’s office, feeling he could conquer the whole world with just one hand. The director shook hands with the young man and noticed the excitement and pride in his eyes. He looked into the young man’s resume(简历)and saw that the young person did exceptionally well throughout his study life. With a satisfied smile, the director started questioning him.
“Did you ever obtain any scholarship in your school or college?”
”No“ replied the young man. ”Then who paid for your education?“
“My father passed away when I was three. It was my mother who paid for my tuition fees. She’s a farmer and works all day in the fields,”said the young man.
The director nodded and asked the young man to show his hands. Though confused, the young man held out his hands hesitantly, which were smooth and soft. Then the director asked if the young man had ever helped his mother with farm work. The young man said:"No, she always wanted me to focus on my academic work. Besides, she knows her work well and could do everything much faster than I could.”
Learning the reply, the director told the young man that when he returned to his home that day,he should clean his mother’s hands,and after that, he could come back and see him and report what he learned. Feeling there was a chance for him to get the job, the young man was delighted. When he returned home with a spring in his feel, he cheerfully requested his mother to let him clean her hands. Listening to this strange request, his mother felt astonished but happy. With mixed emotions, she showed her hands to him.
注意1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Now this young man started lo clean his mother’s hands gently.
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The following day he went to the director’s office again.
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【答案】Possible version:
Now this young man started to clean his mother’s hand gently. For the first time, he noticed his mother’s hands were rough with cuts and calluses. Some of the cuts were so deep that she shivered with pain when they were cleaned. It was not until that moment that the young man started to understand the sacrifice his mother had made to ensure he could get a good education. Stroking his mother’s hands with both affection and guilt, he felt a lump in his throat, tears of admiration and sorrow streaming down his face.
The following day he went to the director’s office again. His face was calm, and the excitement and pride in his eyes were replaced by sincerity and gratitude. “Thank you for this valuable lesson,” said the young man with tears glittering in his eyes. Then he continued to tell the manager that he was regretful about being an insensitive son who had been obsessed with grades and career opportunities, neglecting how his mother had suffered all these years. The manager listened attentively and finally said with a smile curving his lips, “I’m glad you’ve gained the power of appreciation, which is an essential quality in a manager. You are hired. ”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去一家公司面试，公司的经理注意到作者的经历和手部，所以要求作者回去后给自己的目前洗手，让作者意识到母亲为了自己的学业所做出的牺牲，让作者把自己的兴奋和骄傲被真诚和感激所取代。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“现在这个年轻人开始轻轻地给妈妈擦手。”可知，第一段可描写作者注意到了母亲的双手粗糙，布满了伤口和老茧，让作者意识到母亲为自己的学业做出的牺牲。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天，他又去了经理的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写作者把昨天的发现告诉了经理，并对经理表示了感谢，让他意识到母亲的伟大，经理对他感到满意，并最终录取了作者。
2.续写线索：应聘——经理注意到作者的经历和双手——经理布置回去帮母亲洗手的任务——发现目前的手满是伤痕老茧——感到母亲的伟大——回复并感谢经理——成功被录取
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：start/begin/commence
②确保：ensure/guarantee/make sure
③代替：replace/substitute/displace
④雇用：hire/employ/engage
情绪类
①喜爱：affection/fondness/warmth
②高兴：glad/delighted/pleased
【点睛】[高分句型1]It was not until that moment that the young man started to understand the sacrifice his mother had made to ensure he could get a good education.(It is/was +被强调部分 +that/who引导的强调句型)
[高分句型2]Then he continued to tell the manager that he was regretful about being an insensitive son who had been obsessed with grades and career opportunities, neglecting how his mother had suffered all these years. (that引导的宾语从句以及who引导的定语从句)