2023届高三英语新题专题03阅读理解之说明文月考题无答案

这是一份2023届高三英语新题专题03阅读理解之说明文月考题无答案，共44页。

 2023届高三英语名校新题快递--10月月考专辑
专题03阅读理解之说明文 原卷版
【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考
【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月
【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考
【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）
【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考
【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）
【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试
【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考
【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考
【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考
【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二
【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考
【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评
【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题
【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考
【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试
【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考
【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考
【01】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考
The world’s biggest electric vehicle — a 45-ton mining dump truck named the eDumper — may have to give up its throne. The newcomer, powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel, is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.
London-based Anglo American is developing the beast of a machine — it weighs 290 tons — as part of its sustainable mining vision. The conceptual work is done, but U.K-based Williams Advanced Engineering will bring the truck to life. The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine (柴油机) with a high-power modular lithium-ion battery (锂电池). “We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands, from automotive and motorsport to ‘heavy duty’ industrial applications,” Craig Wilson, managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering, said.
While the eDumper — a mining truck used to move stones from the sides of mountains in Switzerland — relies entirely on pure electricity and pure physics for power, the Anglo American truck will use both a lithium-ion battery and a hydrogen fuel cell (电池) module. Altogether, the new truck will have over 1,000 Kilowatt hours of energy storage.
Hydrogen fuel is a clear fuel that produces only water as a by-product when consumed in a fuel cell. It’s typically produced from natural gas nuclear power, or renewable wind and solar power. Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.
There’s also a third type of power that comes into play with the Anglo American truck: kinetic (动力的) energy created through the process of regenerative braking (再生制动系统). When an electric vehicle — be it the Anglo American truck, or the eDumper — rolls down a hill, that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake. The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy, but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.
After Anglo American finishes test trials with the truck, the firm will conduct studies to understand how the truck’s power units can be used to provide energy storage in other applications.
8. What can be known about “the eDumper”?
A. It weighs more than 290 tons.
B. It is powered by hydrogen fuel.
C. It will no longer be the largest electric truck.
D. It will discourage buyers for being expensive.
9. What can be inferred from Craig Wilson’s words?
A. Battery technology is the key to updating vehicles.
B. Battery technology is the basis of manufacturing trucks.
C. The development of the lithium-ion battery is limited.
D. The future of the lithium-ion battery is promising.
10. What is the benefit of adopting hydrogen fuel cells?
A. It can save a lot of money.
B. Vehicles become more eco-friendly.
C. It has no environmental impact at all.
D. Vehicles no longer need to be recharged.
11. According to paragraph 5, which of the following can be a feature of regenerative braking?
A. Autonomous braking.
B. Energy transformation.
C. Simple operation.
D. zero-carbon emission.


【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
The Alps’ glaciers (冰川) are on track for their highest mass losses in at least 60 years of record keeping, data shared with Reuters shows. By looking at the difference in how much snow fell in winter, and how much ice melts in summer, scientists can measure how much a glacier has shrunk in any given year.
Since last winter, which brought relatively little snowfall, the Alps have gone through two big early summer heatwaves—including one in July marked by temperatures near 30ºC in the Swiss mountain village of Zermatt. During this heatwave, the elevation (海拔) at which water froze was measured at a record high of 5,184 meters—at an altitude higher than Mont Blanc’s—compared with the normal summer level of between 3,000 - 3,500 meters.
Most of the world’s mountain glaciers are shrinking due to climate change. But those in the European Alps are especially vulnerable (脆弱的) because they are smaller with relatively little ice cover. Meanwhile, temperatures in the Alps are warming at around 0.3ºC per decade—around twice as fast as the global average.
If greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the Alps’ glaciers are expected to lose more than 80% of their current mass by 2100. Many will disappear regardless of whatever action is taken now, thanks to global warming baked in by past emissions, according to a 2019 report by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Swiss residents worry that the glacier losses will hurt their economy. Some ski resorts of the Alps, which rely on these glaciers, now cover themselves with white sheets to reflect sunlight and reduce melting. Swiss glaciers feature in many of the country’s fairy tales, and the Aletsch Glacier is considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site. “Losing the glaciers means losing our national heritage and our identity,” said hiker Bernardin Chavaillaz.
12. What happened to the elevation at which water froze in the Alps?
A. It remained unchanged.
B. It increased sharply.
C. It reached a new low.
D. It dropped noticeably.
13. What’s the main purpose of paragraph 3?
A. To show temperatures are rising in the Alps.
B. To prove climate change leads to heatwaves.
C. To explain why the Alps’ glaciers are in danger.
D. To predict what will happen to the Alps’ glaciers.
14. What did Bernardin Chavaillaz express in the last paragraph?
A. His advice on protecting glaciers.
B. His confusion in finding his identity.
C. His concern over the loss of glaciers.
D. His interest in improving the economy.
15. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Glaciers in the Alps Are Disappearing Rapidly
B. Climate Change Is Presenting a Threat to the Alps
C. Summer Heatwaves Hit the Alps More Frequently
D. Measures Are Needed to Protect the Alps’ Glaciers


【03】广东省广州市第五中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月
Parenting techniques may have long lasting consequences for behavior—even when it comes to dogs.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania studied the early development parenting and the following performance of 98 puppies who underwent guide dog training. Dogs who received more independence and less support from their mothers were more likely to be successful in becoming a guide dog. The study was published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Mom-pup interactions were used to define how highly involved the puppy’s mothers were. Puppies raised with highly involved mothers were more likely to be released—or dropped out from the guide dog program—compared to those with less attentive mothers.
“Too much of a good thing can be a bad thing,” said lead study researcher Emily Bray. Although the study couldn’t definitely point to what was driving this effect, “one possibility is that the dogs that are having overbearing(专横的)mothers are never given the chance to deal with small challenges on their own, and is harmful to their later behavior and outcome in their problem solving. Another possibility is that the puppies for whom the mothers are always around are also the most anxious or stressed,” she explained.
“What I was happy about was that there is a study being done about early life experiences in dogs,” another researcher Dolores Hole said. “If the mom is trying to protect her pups against small challenges, then they will not be suited for the big challenges.”
The study included three breeds(品种):German shepherds, Labrador retrievers and Golden retrievers. The puppies were followed from the first weeks of life for several years. Interestingly, Labrador retrievers tended to wash out from the program, while Golden retrievers tended to succeed.
As for whether the findings can be applied to human babies of so-called “helicopter parents,” Bray was hesitant.
“I think people can draw parallels(相似之处), but I think you also have to be careful because they are different species,” she said.
She added, “The nice thing about dogs is that they are a lot less complicated than humans.”
8. What makes successful guide dogs according to the study?
A. Less attentive owners. B. More practical training.
C. Less supportive mothers. D. More tense environment.
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. The necessity of mom-pup interactions.
B. Some characteristics of good guide dogs.
C. The significance of high parental involvement.
D. Potential causes of some puppies’ poor performance.
10. What can we know about Labrador retrievers in the study?
A. They choose to stay. B. They fail to be qualified.
C. They rise to challenges. D. They are easy to notice.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Parenting techniques can apply to guide dogs
B. Guide dogs are less complicated than humans
C. Researchers help raise public awareness of blind people
D. A study is done about early life experiences of human babies


【04】浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考
In Japan, you are what your blood type is. A person’s blood type is popularly believed to decide his/her character and personality. Type-A people are generally considered sensitive perfectionists and good team players, but over-anxious. Type Os are curious and generous but stubborn. Type ABs are artistic but mysterious and unpredictable, and type Bs are cheerful but eccentric, individualistic, and selfish. Though lacking scientific evidence, this belief is widely seen in books, magazines, and television shows. Last year, four of Japan’s top 10 bestsellers were about how blood type determines personality, through which readers seemed to be able to discover the definition of their blood type or have their self-image confirmed.
The blood-type belief has been used in unusual ways. The women softball team that won gold for Japan at the Beijing Olympics is reported to have used blood-type theories to customize training for each player. Some kindergartens have adopted teaching methods along blood group lines, and even major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on an employee’s blood type. In 1990, Mitsubishi Electronics was reported to have announced the formation of a team composed entirely of AB workers, thanks to “their ability to make plans”.
The belief even affects politics. One former prime minister considered it important enough to reveal in his official profile that he was a type A, while his opposition rival was type B. In 2011, a minister, Ryu Matsumoto, was forced to resign after only a week in office, when a bad-tempered encounter with local officials was televised. In his resignation speech, he blamed his failings on the fact that he was blood type B.
The blood-type craze, considered simply harmless fun by some Japanese, may reveal itself as prejudice and discrimination. In fact, this seems so common that the Japanese now have a term for it: bura-hara, meaning blood-type harassment (骚扰). There are reports of discrimination leading to children being bullied, ending of happy relationships, and loss of job opportunities due to blood type.
8. What’s the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. The Japanese attach great importance to blood type.
B. The books about blood type are popular in Japan.
C. The Japanese confirm their personality totally through blood type.
D. The Japanese think blood type bestsellers are important to their self-image.
9. According to the passage, which blood type can we infer is the LEAST favored in Japan?
A. Type A. B. Type B.
C. Type O. D. Type AB.
10. Prime Minister Ryu Matsumoto resigned from office because ________.
A. he revealed his rival’s blood type
B. he was seen behaving rudely on TV
C. he blamed his failings on local officials
D. he was discriminated against because of blood type
11. What is the speaker’s attitude toward the blood-type belief in Japan?
A. Negative. B. Defensive.
C. Objective. D. Encouraging.

【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）
Hundreds of native North American plants, often dismissed as weeds, deserve a lot more respect, according to a new study. These plants, distant cousins of foods like sunflowers and lettuce (莴苣), actually represent a botanical treasure now facing increased threats from climate change and habitat loss. The crops that the human race now depends on, including grains like wheat and tree fruit like peaches, originally were selected or bred (培育) from plants that grew wild hundreds or thousands of years ago. In the U.S., there are wild ancestors of blueberries, sweet potatoes, onions, potatoes, and many other food crops. “Some of them are quite common,” says Colin Khoury, a research scientist at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. “Wild lettuce plants grow along sidewalks, or in backyards, but go unrecognized.”
Other crop relatives are rare and threatened. One of Khoury’s favorites is the paradoxical sun flower.” It grows just in wetlands of the deserts of New Mexico and Texas. Little salty areas where there’s a little bit of water beneath the soil,” he says. So plant growers crossbred it with commercial sunflowers and created new varieties that can grow in places where the soil contains more salt. Other wild relatives may be hiding similarly remarkable gifts, Khoury says, such as genes that could help their domesticated relatives survive diseases, or deal with pests.
Khoury and some of his colleagues just finished a survey of about 600 wild crop relatives that grow in North America, and they found that most of these plants are threatened by things like fires, farming and development. The scientists argue that they deserve more protection. For one thing, “gene banks” should collect and preserve them. In addition, these plants need more protection in their natural habitat.
According to Khoury, that doesn’t necessarily mean setting aside land for them. In many cases, the plants already are growing on public land that’s managed by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) or the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). “It’s more about just being aware that these plants actually exist,” he says.
28. What did the new study mainly focus on?
A. Endangered plant species.
B. Wild relatives of food crops.
C. The impacts of climate change.
D. The threats from plant habitat loss.
29. What do we know about the paradoxical sunflower?
A. It needs much water to grow well.
B. It grows along sidewalks or in backyards.
C. It seems capable of surviving various diseases.
D. It helps commercial sunflowers adapt to salty soil.
30.How might the scientists feel about their survey results?
A. Relieved. B. Concerned. C. Annoyed. D. Critical.
31. What might Khoury suggest the BLM do?
A. Join hands with the USFS.
B. Set aside land for wild plants.
C. Collect genes of threatened crop species.
D. Learn about plants on its managed land.

【06】河南省实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. Nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating as well as lighting.
These findings show that the use of deadly fuels in inefficient stoves, space heaters or lights is to blame for many of these deaths.
WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease, childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and girls are the main victims. These diseases can often result from the burning of solid fuels. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste, crop waste and charcoal.
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of households in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatermala and Peru,are also at risk.
Nigel Brace is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.There are already multiple technologies available for use in clean fuels.There is really quite an effective and reasonably low-cost alcohol stove made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company) that is now being tested out. LPG (Liquefield Petroleum Gas) cook is obviously widely available and efforts are under way to make those efficient. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves. WHO experts note that some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.00.
But this,the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances/devices.
12What does the indoor pollution mainly result from?
A. Poisonous fuels. B. High technology. C. Space heaters. D. Solar energy.
13. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By showing differences. B. By describing a process.
C. By making a list. D. By analyzing data.
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Indoor pollution results in some deaths.
B. Most of the deaths are in developing countries.
C. The solid fuels are used in more effective ways.
D. There is no indoor pollution in developed countries.
15. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. LPG cooks are being tested out. B. Alcohol stoves are widely used now.
C. Electric induction stoves are expensive. D. Solar lamps are very cheap in Africa.

【07】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学高三上学期月考卷（二）
It isn’t just the beauty of vast natural wonders like the Grand Canyon that can take your breath away. You can find awe in everyday things. A new research, published in the journal Emotion, found that older adults who took “awe walks” felt more positive emotions in their daily lives.
In the study, 52 older adults aged 60 to 90 were divided randomly into two groups. They were told to take at least one 15-minute walk each week for eight weeks. Volunteers in the “awe group” were instructed in how to inspire awe as they walked. “We asked them to try to see the world with fresh eyes—to take in new details of a leaf or flower, for example,” Sturm says. For example, one participant from the awe group wrote about “the beautiful fall colors and how the leaves were no longer crunchy(嘎吱响) underfoot because of the rain”—the wonder that small children feel as they embrace their expanding world. However, people in the other group were less focused on the world around them. One participant wrote, “I thought about our vacation in Hawaii next Thursday.”
In addition, participants were asked to take selfies(自拍) in the beginning, middle, and end of each walk. Researchers found that participants who took awe walks showed a “small self”, in that they filled less of their photographs with their own image and more with the background scenery. “When we feel awe, our attention shifts from focusing on ourselves to focusing on the world around us, ” Sturm says. “ Awe affects our social relationships because it helps us to feel more connected with the world, universe, and other people.”Their smiles also grew broader by the end of the study. “We analyzed the intensity of their smiles in the selfies, and participants who took awe walks displayed greater smiles over time than those who took control walks. The former reported greater positive emotions in general, including more joy and gratitude.”
Participants in the control group took more frequent walks than those people in the awe group, the researchers discovered. But walking more didn’t result in positive changes in emotional health or in the way their selfies were taken. This suggests that the results were mainly due to experiencing awe, and not just in spending time exercising.
32. What were participants in the “awe group” required to do in Paragraph 2?
A. To take a walk each week.
B. To focus on their inner world.
C. To collect leaves after the rain.
D. To explore with childlike curiosity.
33. What can we see in the selfies from the awe walks?
A. Close-up images with wide smiles.
B. More attention on themselves.
C. Simply the background scenery.
D. Small figures with bigger smiles.
34. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Experiencing awe counts.
B. More walks, more joy.
C. Exercises can benefit us.
D. Awe comes with walking.
35. Which of the following can be the best title?
A. Awe Walks Promote Your Physical Fitness
B. Experiencing Awe Does Wonders for Everyone
C. Awe Walks Improve Your Positive Emotions
D. Frequent Walks Contribute to Emotional Health

【08】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”. But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he’s honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
8Which of the following is true?
A. Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.
B. Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.
C. Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.
D. Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.
9. To the author, Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to ________.
A. write memoir after memoir about their happiness
B. teach people how to enjoy their lives
C. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties
10. Having infant children, the couples can ________.
A. gain happiness from their commitment
B. find fun in getting them into bed at night
C. find more time to play and joke with them
D. be lucky since they can have a whole night’s sleep
11. If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness he will ________.
A. stop playing games and joking with others
B. keep himself with his family
C. give a free hand to money
D. make the best use of his time to increase happiness


【09】甘肃省张掖市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断考试
Elderly people have a higher chance of suffering from illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. One common health problem that affects them is Alzheimer’s disease, which affects a person’s memory, behavior, and thinking. Because of memory loss and behavioral changes, people with Alzheimer’s may slowly become unable to take care of themselves, eventually requiring constant care from family members or caregivers.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s at the moment—drugs can only treat its symptoms.
But technology can improve the lives of those living with the condition by making it easier for them to go about their daily activities. For example, tracking devices placed in watches or jewelry can monitor where a person is. Automated reminders can also be stored in motion sensors and placed around the house. When a sensor detects movement, it can play a recorded voice message to remind the person to lock the door or turn off the stove.
Alzheimer’s disease is a huge challenge, but we may be getting close to finding a solution. In the future, it might be possible to treat Alzheimer’s without using drugs. A team of researchers in Australia has created a form of technology that can send sound waves into the brain. These sound waves help to clear waste in the brain that contributes to Alzheimer’s. The team has tested their technology and found that it helped to restore memory in 75 percent of mice. Work on the technology isn’t complete, but, if successful, it could prevent memory loss in people with Alzheimer’s. This really does fundamentally change the understanding of how to treat this disease and researchers foresee a great future for this approach.
12. Alzheimer’s is a disease that mainly affects the ____.
A. muscles B. blood C. brain D. heart
13. Up to now, which can help Alzheimer’s patients who get lost easily?
A. Tracking devices. B. Automated reminders.
C. Sending sound waves into the brain. D. Restoring memory.
14. Which of the following can replace “contributes to” in the last paragraph?
A. Helps to cure. B. Helps to cause. C. Helps to worsen. D. Helps to prevent.
15. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Elderly people will begin to face many challenges.
B. Society should provide enough healthcare to elderly people.
C. There’s a need to better understand the cause of Alzheimer’s.
D. Technology might solve some problems of people with Alzheimer’s.


【10】浙江省C8名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneoustoday, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
12. According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A. was a classic in theoretical physics
B. turned out to be comprehensible
C. needed further improvement
D. attracted few professionals
13. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant.
C. Unattractive. D. Imprecise.
14. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A. The application of research findings.
B. The principle of scientific research.
C. The selection of young talents.
D. The evaluation of laboratories.
15. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What makes Einstein great?
B. Will science be professionalized?
C. Could Einstein get published today?
D. How will modern science make advances?


【11】江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考
Modern zoos aim to promote animal conservation, educate people, and support further wildlife research. Staff are devoted to providing species specific housing and appropriate diets to ensure that the animals’ lives are as natural as possible within captivity (圈养).
In fact, most zoo animals have been born and bred in captivity. They have never experienced “the wild”, which many people assume is a wonderful and safe place, despite destruction of natural habits for palm oil threats from climate change or the increase in poaching.
There are two ways capturing animals helps conserve them. Zoo conservation work can be in-situ (在原处)where money: expertise and sometimes staff are provided to protect animals and their habitats in the wild. Large, charming animals such as pandas, tigers or elephants draw the crowds. These flagship species help to raise the image and funds for in-situ conservation efforts for the not so well known species
“Ex-situ” conservation, meanwhile, takes place outside of the animals’ natural habitats, usually back at the zoo and often involving international captive breeding programs. These studbooks(良种登记册) can outline suitable genetic matches for breeding, to keep a sustainable captive population of a certain species and ensure genetic variation.
In the UK a least, zoos must have a written education strategy and an active education programme.If you have been to an accredited (官方认可的) zoo recently you will have noticed they use games and technology to go way beyond these basic requirements.
Research within zoos often looks at animal behaviour or welfare helping to ensure the animals are well housed and fed. Other research investigates the impact humans have on the zoo animals from the visitor effect to the relationships which can be formed between the animals and their keepers. Research also focuses on biological functioning of animals. Much of this is work that cannot be conducted in the wild if the animals live in remote or inhospitable areas.
Overall, zoos provide opportunities to observe and engage with exotic (外国的) animals, many of which may be threatened with extinction in the wild. Seeing them up close can cause a passion for biology, conservation and the environment.
12. What do people think of “the wild”?
A. It poses a danger to humans.
B. It is perfect for large animals
C. It is an ideal habitat for animals.
D. It guarantees the safety of animals.
13. What highlights “ex-situ” conservation?
A. Saving the conservation cost.
B. Attracting more visitors to zoos.
C. Keeping a species’ population stable.
D. Changing the genes of a certain species.
14. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?
A. How zoo keepers get along with animals.
B. How zoos can contribute to research work.
C. What researchers are expected to do in zoos.
D. Why it is difficult to carry out research in the wild.
15. What is the author’s purpose in wring the text?
ATo show zoos ways to raise animals.
B. To stress modern zoos research value.
C. To defend zoos role in protecting animals.
D. To advise zoos to release animals into the wild.

【12】江苏省苏州市2022〜2023学年高三上学期八校联考
As the effects of climate change become more disastrous, well-known research institutions and government agencies are focusing new money and attention on an idea: artificially cooling the planet, in the hopes of buying humanity more time to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
That strategy, called solar climate intervention (干预) or solar geoengineering, involves reflecting more of the sun’s energy back into space — abruptly reducing global temperatures in a way that imitates the effects of ash clouds flowing out from the volcanic eruptions. The idea has been considered as a dangerous and fancied solution, one that would encourage people to keep burning fossil fuels while exposing the planet to unexpected and potentially threatening side effects, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters.
But. as global warming continues, producing more destructive hurricanes, wildfires floods and other disasters, some researchers and policy experts say that concerns about geoengineering should be outweighed by the imperative to better understand it, in case the consequence of climate change become so terrible that the world can’t wait for better solutions.
One way to cool the earth is by injecting aerosols (气溶胶) into the upper layer of the atmosphere. where those particles reflect sunlight away from the earth. That process works, according to Douglas MacMartin, a researcher at Cornell University.
“We know with 100% certainty that we can cool the planet,” he said in an interview. What’s still unclear, he added, is what happens next. Temperature, MacMartin said, is an indicator for a lot of climate effects. “What does it do to the strength of hurricanes?” he asked, “What does it do to agriculture production? What does it do to the risk of forest fires?”
Another institution funded by the National Science Foundation will analyze hundreds of simulations of aerosol injection, testing the effects on weather extremes around the world. One goal of the research is to look for a sweet spot: the amount of artificial cooling that can reduce extreme weather events without causing broader changes in regional rainfall patterns or similar impacts.
12. Why do researchers and government agencies work on cooling the earth?
A. To prevent natural disasters. B. To win more time to reduce gas emissions.
C. To imitate volcanic eruptions. D. To encourage more people to bur fossil fuels.
13. What are researchers worried about in terms of global warming?
A. More volcanoes will throw out.
B. More solar energy will go into space.
C. More disasters will endanger the future of the world.
D. People will keep burning fossil fuels to keep warm.
14. What can be inferred from Douglas’ words in an interview?
A. He thinks more research remains to be done.
B. He is optimistic about the effect of cooling the earth.
C. He is concerned about the reduction in agriculture production.
D. He disapproves of the practice of solar climate intervention.
15. What does the underlined words “sweet spot” in the last paragraph mean?
A. The rainfall pattern of a region.
B. The modest drop in temperature.
C. The number of extreme weather events.
D. The injection amount of aerosol.


【13】2023届广东省六校高三上学期第二次联考
Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s mystical theories are debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences on our memory system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in cycles (周期), each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM. As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep) decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁剂)—dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core” appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we do diet and exercise habits.
12. What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A. They cause chaos. B. They damage immunity.
C. They reveal secrets. D. They mirror reality.
13. Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3?
A. To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep.
B. To prove the minimum sleep time should be seven hours.
C. To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached.
D. To show people often dream when waking up in the morning.
14. What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A. Dreaming promotes creativity.
B. Dreaming helps fight depression.
C. The brain still receives new information during REM sleep.
D. The brain is paying the price for having more non-REM sleep.
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of sleep lies in dreams.
B. The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C. Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize.
D. Dreaming has mystical power of strengthening memories.


【14】湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考二
The deep-sea oil and gas industry has vast and costly facilities to maintain. Wells, other equipment, and thousands of kilometers of pipelines must be inspected and repaired.
Now, cutting-edge underwater drones (无人机) and robots are being developed that could make the work safer and cheaper. Among them is Eelume, a six-meter-long, snake-like robot equipped with sensors and a camera at each end. It can be kept at a station at depths of up to half a kilometer for six months, without being brought back to the surface. The robot can travel up to 20 kilometers before needing to return to its station to recharge.
Maintenance work at many deep-water wells and pipeline systems is already carried out by unmanned vehicles. But these vehicles typically need to be transported to the offshore site on a fully crewed ship and then remotely operated from onboard the surface ship. That can cost up to $100,000 per day, according to Pål Liljebäck, chief technology officer with Eelume Subsea Intervention, which developed the robot. Liljebäck says that by “enabling the robot to become a subsea resident living at a station, it can be mobilized at any time to do inspections, thereby reducing the need for costly surface ships”.
Eelume can work autonomously on tasks assigned from a control room onshore, and send back video and data. Its snake-like design allows it to work in small spaces and wriggle (扭动) its body to stay in place in strong currents. By staying under the sea, it can carry out tasks whatever the conditions on the surface of the ocean.
The global underwater robotics market is expected to be worth around $7 billion in 2025, according to analysts, and other companies are in the process of commercializing new deep-sea drone and robot technology. Eelume Subsea Intervention will carry out final testing on the seabed later this year at the Åsgard oil and gas field. It expects to put its first snake robots into use next year and hopes to have up to 50 in oceans around the world by 2027.
12. What is one feature of Eelume?
A. It can travel nearly 40 kilometers before recharging.
B. It can dive as deep as 500 meters.
C. It works mainly around the station.
D. It works for 6 months on one charge.
13. What is the problem with unmanned vehicles?
A. They are too costly to maintain.
B. They are hard to operate remotely.
C. They require transportation to and from work.
D. They have to work on a fully crewed ship all the time.
14. What can be expected of Eelume in the future?
A. It will require no further tests.
B. It will be worth around $ 7 billion.
C. It will be put on the market in 2027.
D. It will face a lot of competitors.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. A snake robot is on its way for underwater tasks.
B. Eelume is the new choice for constructing pipelines.
C. Maintenance work on the ocean floor is a risky job.
D. Unmanned vehicles marketing has seen strong growth.


【15】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
Mitsuhiro Iwamoto is a blind person who sailed non-stop across the Pacific Ocean. One of Mr. Iwamoto’s friends says, “He feels the waves and he can sense the speed and angle of the winds to adjust the sails properly. ” The only thing Mr. Iwamoto can’t do is see. So he teamed up with Doug Smith.
In 2013, Mr. Iwamoto tried to sail across the Pacific. But after only five days at sea, his boat was hit by a whale. The boat sank, and he spent 11 hours floating in the sea in a life raft before he was rescued. When Mr. Smith learned the story of Mr. Iwamoto’s defeat during his first attempt at crossing the Pacific, it had a big effect on him. He decided to join the trip not just to prove that they could do it, but also to collect funds for a public welfare foundation that bought medical insurance for poor children. He got in touch with Mr. Iwamoto. The two realized that they would make a good team.
It took a lot of courage to make a second attempt after the failure. But Mr. Iwamoto was determined. He began to train for the trip. He skied, ran half-marathons and marathons, and took part in triathlons(races with swimming, biking, and running). Mr. Smith bought a 12-meter sailboat from local people. They took drinking water and enough food for 60 days. The sailboat had solar panels to keep the GPS and the satellite phone charged.
On February 24, Mr. Iwamoto set out from San Diego, California on their 14,000-kilometer trip. Finally, around 9 a. m. on April 20 — after sailing non-stop for 55 days, the two arrived in Iwaka, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, “People often say that the physical illness can’t stop a person from making a difference, but I have to walk the walk to prove it, ” Mr. Iwamoto said.
4. What can be inferred about Doug Smith?
A. He spent a lot of time in the ocean.
BHe had great skills in sailing the boat.
C. He worked as a guide during the trip.
D. He bought the insurance before the trip.
5. Why did Doug Smith join the trip?
A. To hunt whales.
B. To raise money for charity.
C. To rescue people lost in the ocean.
D. To be in search of fame and fortune.
6. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The preparations they made for the trip.
BThe support they received from local people.
C. The equipment they bought for their training.
D. The difficulty they encountered during the trip.
7. What can we learn from this story?
A. Never look down on underdogs.
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. Be the change you want to see in the world.


【16】河北省邢台市六校联考2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考
Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been sweltering under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke, and some even died of this disease.
In a warming world, the hazards of heatwaves are increasing. According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from 3,679 persons per year in the 1980s to15, 500 persons per year in the 2010s.
High temperatures would accelerate the loss in soil moisture(水分)and hurt the growth of corn, cotton, trees and fruits. What’s more, each additional degree of warming will increase crop losses to insects by 10-25 percent, threatening food security for billions of people. China has witnessed a range of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding, tornadoes and record heatwaves this year. Meteorological officials said the country had an average temperature of 21.3 degrees Celsius in June, 0.9 degrees Celsius higher than the same period on average, and the highest record for the same period since 1961.
Experts say that while extreme summer heat is not entirely new, these sorts of occurrences could be something that becomes a standard part of life, requiring people to start learning how to cope with heatwaves that may continue for the rest of summer and well into the future.
Remember that even healthy, young athletes can be harmed by extreme heat, so every activity, indoors or outdoors, should be evaluated when extreme heat hits. There are some ways to stay safe during extreme heat events, such as drinking plenty of water, looking for shade or remaining in shade when outside, and avoiding cooking large meals that can add heat to your indoor environment.
8. Why does the writer mention the four provinces in China?
A. To introduce the topic. B. To show the rising growth of population.
C. To identify the impact of the worst heat wave. D. To offer the accurate data for the thermoplegia.
9. What dos the underlined word “hazards” in paragraphs probably mean?
A. Panics. B. Dangers. C. Outcomes. D. Expenses.
10. What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A. Rural areas suffer more from heat waves than cities.
B. China has witnessed the worst climate ever in 2022.
C. Climate change results in the decline in insect species.
D. High temperatures have negative effects on agriculture.
11. What does the writer want to convey in the last paragraph?
A. Ways to deal with extreme heat. B. The tendency of heat waves in the future.
C. Effects of global warming on the environment. D. The significance of keeping healthy in summer.


【17】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
Many exceptional human skills, such as reading and mastering a musical instrument, require thousands of hours of practice and consistent cognitive effort. Popular scientific theories hold that cognitive effort is experienced as unpleasant and people try to avoid it whenever possible.
However, there are many situations in everyday life in which people seem to exert themselves (努力)voluntarily, even if there is no obvious external reward. For example, many people enjoy solving Sudoku puzzles, students are often motivated by challenging intellectual tasks, and amateur pianists can spend hours striving for perfection without any external reward.
It is based on these facts that researchers from the University of Vienna and the Technische Universitat Dresden critically questioned whether cognitive effort is always aversive(令人嫌恶的) and sought to address this question in a current project of the Collaborative Research Center(SFB) 940.
In the first experiment with 121 participants, the researchers used cardiovascular measurements (activity of the heart)to determine how hard people exerted themselves in cognitive tasks of varying difficulty levels. In one group, reward was directly determined by effort: if a person exerted more effort on difficult levels of the task, they received a higher reward than on easier levels in which they exerted little effort. In the control group, the reward was randomly assigned and was independent of how much effort someone invested. The total reward on offer was kept constant between groups, with only the contingency(可能性)between effort and reward being manipulated.
Subsequently, all subjects worked on math tasks where they could choose the difficulty level of the tasks they wanted to work on. “Subjects who had previously been rewarded for effort subsequently chose more difficult tasks than subjects in the control group, even though they were aware that they would no longer receive an external reward, ” explains Prof. Veronika Job from the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Vienna.
“The results showed the assumption that people want to take the path of least resistance may not be an inherent(固有的)characteristic of human motivation. The tendency to avoid challenging tasks could rather be the result of individual learning histories that differ depending on the reward pattern: was it mainly performance or effort that was rewarded?” concludes Thomas Goschke, Professor of General Psychology at TU Dresden and spokesperson of SFB 940.
8. With the examples in Paragraph 2, the author aims to ________
A. challenge some scientific theories
B. encourage people to make great efforts
C. inspire some research on people’s efforts
D. explain the motivation behind people’s efforts
9. What did the researchers want to find out by measuring the participants’ heart activity?
A. Their willingness to perform the task.
B. The impact of tasks on the participants.
C. The effort they put in the cognitive task.
D. Their reaction to difficult cognitive tasks.
10. What can we learn about the subjects who were rewarded for effort?
A. They were motivated to challenge themselves.
B. They always expected to receive a bigger reward.
C. They turned out to be cleverer than the control group.
D. They were able to figure out better ways to solve problems.
11. What would be the best title of the text?
A. Work hard to improve yourself
B. Learn to enjoy cognitive effort
C. It takes time for your effort to pay off
D. It is worthwhile to perform difficult tasks

【18】江苏省泰州中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月检
Daily life has its satisfactions. The perfect reply to a friend’s text message. The first after-work drink. But do any really compare to the joy of going to sleep? Somehow we have pushed this pleasure to the back of the queue. A third of American adults report sleeping less than the recommended seven hours.
For some, the problem is modern life: emails, to-do lists and screens. For other people, it’s the demands of work or family. Then there are those who can’t sleep when they try. Up to one in 10 adults could meet the criteria(标准)for insomnia(失眠).
The mix of experiences has led us to take sleeping more scientifically. A century ago, we weren’t aware that the brain’s electrical activity changes during sleep. Now there’s evidence that a lack of sleep is associated with higher risk of depression, cancer, Alzheimer’s and obesity. Research published in the European Heart Journal recently reports that heart disease was lower among people who went to sleep between 10 pm and 11 pm, no matter how long they slept.
Such research is all well and good. But after the rise of step counters, is sleep the next part of human experience that will become increasingly tracked, counted and compared? We sigh at LinkedIn users who claim to wake up at 5 am and learn Chinese. But what if people are too committed to a good sleep? Sleep researcher Matthew Walker once said, “I have a non-negotiable eight-hour sleep opportunity window. ” But for me, making one’s sleep so inflexible just strikes me as rather coldly individualistic.
Stressing ourselves out about a lack of sleep can aggravate the problem. In his book Overcoming Insomnia and Sleep Problems, Oxford professor Colin Espie writes about “orthosomnia”, where people’s attention is so focused on sleeping well that they become too anxious to do so.
Espie says we each have a sleep pattern that, like a shoe size, we figure out through trial and error. The research on bedtimes between 10 pm and 11 pm will cheer those who leave parties early and give up late-night football highlights, but it establishes no causal link. Genetically, some humans are larks(云雀)and some are owls. For an owl to try to fight their natural schedule, and sleep earlier, it wouldn’t necessarily help.
Once we were urged to sleep when we were dead. Now the enlightened tell us to sleep or we will die. I don’t really believe any of this. A good night’s sleep is a great enjoyment. As far as possible, it should also remain a simple one.
12. What docs Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. We pay too much attention to sleep hours
B. Our ancestors always suffered from a lack of sleep.
C. Our mental health is closely related to our brain activity
D. We now have a better understanding of the benefits of sleep.
13. What does the underlined word “aggravate” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Ease. B. Worsen. C. Prevent. D. Address.
14. Which of the following might Colin Espie agree with?
A. We should respect everyone’s sleep pattern.
B. An owl should try hard to go against their nature.
C. It is necessary to compare different sleep patterns.
D. We should change our sleep patterns when necessary.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To show the importance of sleep.
B. To analyze the cause of insomnia.
C. To persuade people to go to bed early.
D. To reduce people’s anxiety about sleep.


【19】江西省名校高中2022-2023学年高三上学期联合测评
Music can really affect your well-being, learning, quality of life, and even happiness. The fact that music can make a difficult task more tolerable may be why students often choose to listen to it while doing their homework. But is listening to music the smart choice for students who want to improve their learning? A new study suggests that for some students, listening to music is a wise strategy, but for others, it isn’t. The effect of music on cognitive (认知的) function appears to depend partly on your personality—specifically, on your need for external stimulation (刺激).
Researchers not only assessed listeners’ personality but also changed the difficulty of the task and the complexity of the music. Participants first completed a personality test used to determine the need for external stimulation. Then, they engaged in an easy cognitive task (searching for the letter A in lists of words) and a more challenging one (remembering word pairs) in order. Participants finished both tasks under one of two sound conditions:(1)no music, (2)with music.
The data suggest that for those with a high need of external stimulation, on the simple task of finding A’s, the scores for the music condition were significantly worse than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, their performance was worse whenever music was played. For those with a low need of external stimulation, however, on the simple task, such participants’ scores for the music condition were much better than those for the silent condition. On the complex task of learning word pairs, the participants showed a small but reliable benefit when listening to music.
According to the study, there are individual differences in the impact of music on cognitive function. Students who are easily bored and who seek out stimulation should be cautious of adding music to the mix. On the other hand, students with a low need for stimulation may benefit significantly from the presence of music.
With the right personality, the right music and the right task, the presence of music may significantly improve cognitive functioning. Given the benefits of music, subscription to Spotify will be rewarding!
12. What can we learn about the study in paragraph 2?
A. It only involved the participants’ response to music.
B. Participants completed two tasks when composing songs.
C. The difficulty of the two tasks decreased in the experiment.
D. Participants were grouped by their need for external stimulation.
13. What can we infer from the result of the research?
A. The complexity of tasks might reduce the benefit of music.
B. Students should listen to music when performing complex tasks.
C. Students with less external stimulation perform badly with music.
D. The presence of music benefits students who seek for external stimulation.
14. What might the underlined word “Spotify” be?
A. A travel guide. B. A psychology journal.
C. A music platform. D. A personality test.
15. What could be the best title for the article?
A. Why is music essential in your study?
B. Is music beneficial to your personality?
C. How can music affect your external stimulation?
D. Does music promote your cognitive performance?

【20】湖北省荆州荆门宜昌三校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考试题
Pet industry seems to resist gravity．With continual growth over the past 50 years，it shows no sign of slowing down．With people treating their pets more and more like a family member，the pet industry continues to see a rise in related products and services．
The pet industry in the USA reached a milestone in 2020，with total sales of $103．6 billion，a historic high，according to the American Pet Products Association State of the Industry Report，compared to sales of $48 billion in 2010．That is more than a 100%increase in just ten years in what you might consider to be a relatively boring industry．
The pet supplement industry has been growing rapidly as pet owners treat their cats like a member of the family，almost mirroring human behavior．Pay attention to what human trends for health as it might cross over to their pets．
And if you thought product innovation was limited to humans，you would be wrong．We are starting to see significant amounts of innovation in pet product research and development．For example: pet wipes．Pet wipes are essentially moist towelettes(湿纸巾)used on pets after going to the bathroom．Another relatively new pet product category is pet toothpaste．
The same trend goes in the high-end product as well．If it will make their pets happier，there’s a group of owners who will buy it．And that includes relatively expensive luxury products．A new brand of kitty litter(猫砂)changes color based on a cat’s urine pH levels and the company claims that the product helps cat owners detect illness in their cats．
It seems that anything humans need，pets need．So，perhaps it’s not surprising that pet insurance is on the rise．The global pet insurance market size was estimated at $3．8 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $4．4 billion in 2020 according to Grand View Research．Even Lemonade，the AI-powered insurer recently launched its own pet insurance coverage．
32．What makes pet industry continue to develop？
A．Its resistance to gravity B．People’s growth of love for pets
C．The support of some organizations D．The fashionable products and services
33．In what way is the growth of pet industry reflected？
A．The diversity of pets B．The family members’ behavior
C．The amount of money spent on it D．Human’s needs for their own life
34．According to the passage，what are the trends of pet industry mainly about？
A．Pets’ health and wellbeing B．Pets’ appearance and beauty
C．Pets’ training and behavior D．Pets’ rescue and protection
35．Which of the following can be the best title？
A．What is the influence of pet industry？
B．Why do pet owners treat pets kindly？
C．Does a pet belong to family members？
D．How does pet industry continue growing？


【21】广东省深圳市重点高中2023届高三上学期第二次月考
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes（基因）, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation（突变）that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts（支柱）in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said, “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
22. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
23. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
24. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater.
D. They lived on both land and water.
25. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research
D. The World’s Best Divers

【22】江苏省南京市2023届高三上学期10月学情调查考试
With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded (重新野化), in large part due to the efforts of jays, which actually “engineered”these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations.
The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.
Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%)were oaks. Meanwhile,the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.
“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades,” the researchers explained in the study.
Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment—which is good news, as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipated. However, animals—Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.
32. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 1 refer to？
A. Be opposed to.
B. Be ashamed of.
C. Get used to.
D. Get rid of.
33. Which aspect of the changes in the two fields impressed the researchers?
A. The scale of the woodlands.
B. The diversity of the fields.
C. The rate of the changes.
D. The frequency of the wilderness.
34. What does the author want to tell us by providing some data in Paragragh 3?
A. The woodland restoration was approaching the structureof long-established ones.
B. Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds.
C. Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishment.
D. How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The essential role of humans in the reforestation.
B. The factors that contribute to the reforestation.
C. The importance of woodland establishment.
D. The threats faced by a handful of wild animals.


【23】湖北省襄阳市重点高中2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次月考
A new study focused on birds examines how the movements of rivers in the Amazon have contributed to that area's exceptional biological diversity. The research team, led by the American Museum of Natural History, found that as small river systems change over time, they spur the evolution of new species. The findings also reveal previously unknown bird species in the Amazon that are only found in small areas next to these dynamic river systems, putting them at high risk of extinction.
The lowland rainforests of the Amazon River basin harbor(藏匿) more diversity than any other ecosystem on the planet. It is also a globally important biome(生物群落)containing about 18 percent of all trees on Earth and carrying more fresh water than the next seven largest river basins combined. Researchers have long wondered and hotly debated how the Amazon's rich biodiversity arose and accumulated.
“Early evolutionary biologists like Alfred Russel Wallace noticed that many species of primates and birds differ across opposite riverbanks in the Amazon,” said the study's lead author Lukas Musher. “ Moreover, accumulating geological evidence has suggested that these rivers are highly dynamic, moving around the South American landscape over relatively short time periods, on the order of thousands or tens of thousands of years.”
To investigate how the movement of rivers across the landscape has influenced the accumulation of bird species in the Amazon, the researchers sequenced the genomes(基因组)of six species of Amazonian birds.
Because these rivers move around the landscape at different time scales, their movements can have varying outcomes for bird species: when river rearrangements occur quickly, populations of birds on each side can combine before they've had time to differ; when river changes happen slowly, species have a longer time to diverge from one another.
28.What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Stimulate. B. Renew. C. Pursue. D. Interrupt.
29.What have researchers debated on?
A. What the Amazon's biodiversity indicates.
B. How the Amazon's biodiversity was formed.
C. Whether the Amazon has the richest biodiversity.
D. Why Amazon bird species are at risk of distinction.
30.What can we conclude from LukasMusher's words?
A. There are six species of American birds.
B. Rivers move very slowly in South America.
C. Most species differ across opposite Amazon riverbanks.
D. River movement may lead to the Amazon's biodiversity.
31.What has influenced the change of bird species in the Amazon?
A. The location of river movement. B. The populations of birds.
C. The speed of river movement. D. The amount of the genomes.


【24】山东省潍坊市五县市2022-2023学年高三10月统考
As anyone in mainland Britain who has ever attempted to grow berries or nuts or indeed feed the birds – will know, doing so is equal to an opening move in a game of chess with local grey squirrels, a game the squirrels tend to win. Grey squirrels are also fond of the occasional bird’s egg or the young bird, and enjoy tearing and eating the bark of young broad leaf trees, which can either kill the trees or leave them open to infection. This, apart from affecting biodiversity and landscape, harms the wood industry. The loss is not insignificant: £37 a year in England and walks.
Grey squirrels, introduced from North America in 1876, have almost replaced native red squirrels by competing them for food and habitat. They are larger and stronger, and resistant to squirrel pox virus, while reds are not. About 3 million grey squirrels now live in the UK; the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the grey squirrel among the top 100 most harmful invasive (入侵的) species in the world.
In Britain, much effort and inventiveness has been made in stopping grey squirrel progress, from trapping and shooting them, to releasing pine mar tens into their habitats. The latest move, a workable system for which was thought to be a decade away, is forbidding the breeding (繁殖) of grey squirrels. However, legal challenge brought so many delays that the invasive grey squirrel population expanded to an unmanageable level and wiping out were abandoned. The main issue in Britain was thought to be more technological than legal designing a drug that targets only grey squirrels to prevent their breeding. Another possibility in the years ahead is to use DNA editing to ensure grey female are born unable to give birth.
Grey squirrels have now been here for nearly 150 years. They do actively threaten another species in Britain. There is a strong argument that ecosystems change. In fact, that is their essential nature, and it is unrealistic to stop it. The attraction of controlling the breeding methods of grey squirrels is that they are less inhumane, and aim for balance rather than uprooting.
28. What does the author focus on in paragraph 1?
A. The harm from grey squirrels.
B. The eating habits of grey squirrels.
C. The effect of grey squirrels on industry.
D. The game between the British and grey squirrels.
29. What led to the victory of grey squirrels over reds?
A. Their huge number. B. Their unique origins.
C. Their breeding ability. D. Their physical qualities.
30. What is the main difficulty in removing grey squirrels in Britain?
A. Less labour. B. Shortage of money.
C. Imperfect law. D. Lack of technology.
31. What is the author’s attitude to forbidding the breeding of grey squirrels?
A. Unclear. B. Objective.
C. Favorable. D. Doubtful.