初中英语中考复习 05 科技发展-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

这是一份初中英语中考复习 05 科技发展-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读，共11页。

（2022·广西·三模）The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics were nt nly a sprting event but als a shw fr science and technlgy. High tech gear (设备) is helping athletes becme “faster, higher, strnger”. Let’s lk at sme.
1．Hw many kinds f new high-tech gears are mentined in this passage?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
2．Which event isn’t affected by the directin and speed f the wind accrding t this passage?
A．Freestyle skiingB．CurlingC．RunningD．Ski jumping
3．What des the unlined wrd “bacteria” mean?
A．昆虫B．细菌C．植物D．灰尘
4．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．High tech gear (设备) is helping athletes becme “faster, higher, strnger”.
B．The secret f setting 12 new wrld recrds is a new ice-making technlgy.
C．With the help f AI technlgy, athletes can “see” the wind.
D．The wearable thermmeter will send a warning when temperature is higher than 38.3 degrees.
5．What is the best title f this passage?
A．A new ice-making technlgy helps athletes d better.
B．Large air purifiers can help fans, wrkers athletes keep healthy.
C．A wearable thermmeter can measure the bdy temperatures f athletes.
D．High-tech help athletes perfrm better at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
02
（2022·湖北武汉·二模）Chang’e 5 cmpleted its task successfully in 23 days, nt nly did it return with valuable rck and sil samples frm the mn, but als brught back a grup f seeds that traveled the furthest in China. Mre than 30 kinds f seeds, including that f rice, ats etc., were placed inside the Chang’e 5 spacecraft and went arund the mn fr abut 15 days.
Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after the task. This task ffered gd pprtunities t scientists, which helped them t deepen their studies n the effect f csmic rays (宇宙射线) n the grwth and develpment f life n Earth.
Space-based mutatin breeding (太空诱变育种) refers t the prcess f placing seeds in the envirnment such as micrgravity (微重力), vacuums (真空) and csmic radiatin (宇宙辐射) during a spaceflight and then sending them back t Earth fr further study and planting. Scientists study and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm seeds which went int the space and study their changes-sme are desirable while thers are bad and negative. Thse with gd changes will be kept fr further research, and will be intrduced t farmers after getting permissin.
Space breeding (育种) can make the seeds change faster than the experiments n the earth and can bring abut sme wnderful results. Cmpared with the traditinal methds, space-develped methds can make the seeds grw much better, such as having shrter grwth perids and having mre pwer t fight against diseases and insect.
China did its first space breeding experiment in 1987, using a satellite t carry seeds int space. Since then, hundreds f kinds f seeds and seedlings have traveled with dzens f Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been allwed t be planted acrss the cuntry frm grains t vegetables and fruits.
The Chang’e 5 brught back 1, 731 grams f mn’s rck and sil t Earth, shwing a histric achievement 44 years after the last mn’s rck and sil were taken back.
6．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5?
A．T pick ut the best seeds.
B．T understand the envirnment f the space.
C．T study the csmic rays.
D．T put them in a special envirnment.
7．The underlined wrd “desirable” in paragraph 3 is prbably clsest t in meaning ________.
A．wrseB．gdC．uselessD．crrect
8．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Chang’e 5 flew arund the mn fr abut 23 days.
B．China was the first t d a space breeding experiment.
C．It is sme time since seeds were last taken int space.
D．Space breeding is gd fr farming.
9．Frm the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．space breeding is the best way t develp the seeds
B．China is the first cuntry t d space breeding experiment
C．China will spend mre time and energy n space breeding
D．Chang’e 5 spacecraft will fly t the mn again
10．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
B．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances
C．Plant Mutatins Result in a Better Life
D．Seeds frm Space Shw a New Histry
03
（2022·河南省实验中学三模）Facial-recgnitin cameras are everywhere-even in yur smart phne. Many peple use this technlgy t unlck their phnes, pen drs, r make quick payments. But there is a prblem during the epidemic (疫情): everyne wears masks. What a headache!
Scientists are trying t slve this prblem. Fr example, Engineering and Technlgy (E&T) magazine reprts that Hanwang, a tech cmpany in Beijing, has made a new system. It can recgnize (辨认) 95% f peple when they wear masks.
What’s the secret? It’s all abut yur eyes. Maris Savvides frm Camegie Melln University studies facial-recgnitin. As we get lder, he says, ur faces change shape. But the area arund ur eyes desn’t. It stays the same—even if we put n weight. As lng as there are enugh data frm the area f ur eyes, the cameras can recgnize us.
Tech5 is anther facial-recgnitin cmpany. The Swiss cmpany’s prducts scan (扫描) the shape f yur face. They als scan yur iris, which is the clred part f yur eyes. Tech5 hpes t ignre (忽略) all f the face belw the nse.
This kind f sftware is mre imprtant than just unlcking yur phne. “It can discver criminals, even when they wear masks,” said Huang Lei frm Hanwang. Hanwang’s technlgy is used by Chinese plice in places like subway statins and airprts. Similar technlgy is used by the United States Air Frce.
Huang pinted ut ne big weakness: it fails when peple wear bth a mask and sunglasses. “In this situatin, all f the key facial infrmatin is lst,” Lei said t E&T.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
11．At present, what can facial-recgnitin technlgy be used fr?
A．Taking phts.B．Shutting drs.C．Paying fr things.D．Lcking smart phnes.
12．Which f the fllwing is a picture f a mask?
A．B．C．D．
13．What is the prblem with this technlgy during the epidemic?
A．It desn’t wrk when peple wear masks.B．It causes truble t peple’s faces.
C．It brings peple headaches all the time.D．It gives persnal infrmatin t the bad.
14．Why are eyes the key t slving recgnitin prblems?
A．Because eyes never get ld.
B．Because eyes have bright clrs.
C．Because the area arund ur eyes desn’t change.
D．Because eyes can stre the peple’s key infrmatin.
15．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．It is all abut eyes.B．It is a safe way.
C．Facial infrmatin is imprtant.D．Facial-recgnitin is a risk.
04
There are millins f peple thrughut the wrld wh are either brn blind r have becme blind ver the curse f their lifetime. It is unfair t take away the visual (视觉的) beauty f the wrld frm these peple. Dctr Humayun has created the wrld’s first binic (仿生学的) eye that culd change the life f every blind peple in the wrld.
Dctr Mark Humayun is a well respected prfessr at the Dheny Eye Institute Califrnia. He has been wrking fr years n creating a binic eye that wuld allw blind peple t see images just like a nrmal persn des. The binic eye is actually an eye that has been built in a small vide camera.
The test results shw the binic eye has given blind patients the amazing ability t see the scientists ding the tests. But the images are still blurry (模糊的) and we need much wrk befre the eye actually becmes a regular implant (植入物) int blind peple. Humayun believes that he can g int prductin with the binic eye ver the next three t five years.
A clser lk at the binic eye is amazing. The patient wears a special set f eyeglasses. All the signals are passed t the implanted eye. It’s dne by wireless technlgy. Humayun has created an inventin that culd change the lives f millins f peple. Imagine a wrld in which smene wuld n lnger have t fear abut being blind. This culd be cnsidered a technlgical achievement.
16．The writer thinks the life f blind peple is ________ fr them.
A．easyB．unfairC．busyD．different
17．Dctr Mark Humayun is well respected because ________.
A．he has been wrking n a small vide cameraB．he is a prfessr f a famus university
C．he invented a vide camera fr the blindD．he devted himself t making the blind see again
18．The binic eye created by Mark Humayun at present ________.
A．can help the blind t see the peple ding the testsB．has been a ttal success during the use
C．can be planted int the blind peple’s eyeD．lks much like the nrmal peple’s eye
19．It will take Dctr Mark Humayun _________ t prduce the binic eye in large numbers.
A．mre than eight yearsB．mre than five years
C．three t five yearsD．less than three years
20．This passage mainly tells us _________.
A．the life f blind peple has changedB．Mark Humayun becmes famus
C．there will be n blind in the futureD．a technlgical study fr the blind
05
（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选择合适的句子还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games were mre than a sprting event. ____21____ They are helping athletes（运动员）becme “faster, higher, strnger” and ffering yu a great game-watching experience with the supprt f 5G. Let’s lk at sme technlgies behind the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. The Natinal Speed Skating Oval（国家速滑馆）is said t have “the fastest ice”, as twelve new Olympic recrds and ne wrld recrd were set there, including Chinese speed skater Ga Tingyu’s Olympic recrd f 34.32 secnds in the men’s 500 meters.
____22____ If the ice surface temperature desn’t change much, the ice will stay even flatter（平滑的）. Liquid carbn dixide（液体二氧化碳） is put under the ice t keep the temperature changes n the ice surface within half a degree. ____23____
In events like freestyle skiing and ski jumping, the directin and speed f the wind can have a great influence n an athlete’s perfrmance. Sme events nly last a few secnds and the wind is changing all the time. A research team frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences（中国科学院） develped a system t measure wind. ____24____ It allws athletes and caches t “see” wind directly with real-time data（数据）n their pads（便携式电脑）and decide when and where t jump.
During the speed skating race, athletes can reach speeds f up t 18 meters per secnd. T catch every exciting mment f the cmpetitin, we have used Lie Ba fr the event. Lie Ba is a 4K high-definitin（高清） camera system develped by China Media（媒体的）Grup. ____25____ It clsely fllws the athletes’ mvements and catches different scenes during speed skating, accrding t the reprt.
A．The system uses AI technlgy.
B．They were als a shw fr science and technlgy.
C．The secret is a new ice-making technlgy.
D．It can recrd speeds f up t 25 meters per secnd.
E．That keeps the ice a flat surface and it is easier t skate n.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。
1．细节理解题。根据表格中的四个小标题可知，共介绍了四种高科技设备。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“In events like freestyle skiing, ski jumping, the directin and speed f the wind can have a big effect n an athlete’s perfrmance. ”可知“Freestyle skiing”和“Ski jumping”是受风向和风速影响的。剩余两项“冰壶”和“跑步”结合常识可判断冬奥会项目“冰壶”也会受影响。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“As COVID-19 can spread thrugh the air, clean air is key t keeping fans, wrkers and athletes safe and healthy. ”结合前面搭配的动词“kill”可猜测，此处“bacteria”是“细菌”的含义。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“It will send a warning if smebdy’s bdy temperature ges higher than 37.3 degrees.”可知，体温超过37.3度就会报警。故选D。
5．最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了高科技设备应用在冬奥会中对运动员的影响，因此D选项“High-tech help athletes perfrm better at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics”可作为本文标题。故选D。
6．D 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种知识。
6．细节理解题。根据“Space-based mutatin breeding (太空诱变育种) refers t the prcess f placing seeds in the envirnment such as micrgravity (微重力), vacuums (真空) and csmic radiatin (宇宙辐射) during a spaceflight and then sending them back t Earth fr further study and planting.”可知，科学家们希望进行太空诱变育种。所以是将种子放置在特殊的环境中，故选D。
7．词义猜测题。根据“study their changes-sme are desirable while thers are bad and negative.”可知，而另一些是坏的和消极的，所以这些是好的，划线单词意思与gd同义“好的”，故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been allwed t be planted acrss the cuntry frm grains t vegetables and fruits.”可知，太空养殖有利于农业。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据“Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been allwed t be planted acrss the cuntry frm grains t vegetables and fruits.”可知，太空养殖有利于农业。中国将在太空育种上投入更多的时间和精力。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种知识，选项B“太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会”符合语境，故选B。
11．C 12．C 13．A 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。
11．细节理解题。根据文中“Many peple use this technlgy t unlck their phnes, pen drs, r make quick payments.”可知，目前，人脸识别技术可以用于买东西付款。故选C。
12．词句猜测题。根据前句“But there is a prblem during the epidemic (疫情)”可猜测出，后句应是：每个人都戴着口罩，故下划线单词“masks”的意思应是“口罩”，结合图画可知，应是C项。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据文中“But there is a prblem during the epidemic (疫情): everyne wears masks. What a headache!”可推理出，在疫情期间，当人们戴口罩时，这项技术不起作用了。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文中“As we get lder, he says, ur faces change shape. But the area arund ur eyes desn’t. It stays the same—even if we put n weight. As lng as there are enugh data frm the area f ur eyes, the cameras can recgnize us.”可知，眼睛是解决识别问题的关键是因为我们眼睛周围的区域不会改变。故选C。
15．最佳标题。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。故文章的最佳标题应是“关于眼睛的面部识别软件”。故选A。
16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看到世界。
16．细节理解题。根据“It is unfair t take away the visual (视觉的) beauty f the wrld frm these peple.”可知作者认为对盲人来说看不到美丽的世界是不公平的。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据Dctr Mark Humayun is a well respected prfessr at the Dheny Eye Institute Califrnia. He has been wrking fr years n creating a binic eye that wuld allw blind peple t see images just like a nrmal persn des.”可知Mark Humayun博士多年致力于仿生眼的研究以便让盲人和正常人一样看到图像。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据“The test results shw the binic eye has given blind patients the amazing ability t see the scientists ding the tests”可知可知目前仿生眼在试验过程中能给盲人一个惊人的能力，即能看到做实验的人。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据“Humayun believes that he can g int prductin with the binic eye ver the next three t five years.”可知Mark Humayun博士会在三至五年间将仿生眼投入生产。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。本文介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看到世界。D选项“一项针对盲人的技术研究”符合，故选D。
21．B 22．C 23．E 24．A 25．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。
21．根据“The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games were mre than a sprting event.”可知，北京2022年冬奥会不仅仅是一场体育赛事，选项B“它们也是科学和技术的展示”符合语境，故选B。
22．根据“If the ice surface temperature desn’t change much, the ice will stay even flatter.”可知，此处提到关于冰的技术，选项C“秘密是一种新的制冰技术”符合语境，故选C。
23．根据“Liquid carbn dixide is put under the ice t keep the temperature changes n the ice surface within half a degree.”可知，液态二氧化碳被置于冰下，以保持冰表面的温度变化不超过半度，选项E“这样可以使冰面保持平坦，更容易滑冰”符合语境，故选E。
24．根据“It allws athletes and caches t ‘see’ wind directly with real-time data n their pads and decide when and where t jump.”可知，它可以让运动员和教练通过垫板上的实时数据直接“看到”风向，并决定何时跳向何处。选项A“该系统使用了人工智能技术”符合语境，故选A。
25．根据“It clsely fllws the athletes’ mvements and catches different scenes during speed skating, accrding t the reprt.”可知，据报道，它密切跟踪运动员的动作，捕捉速度滑冰过程中的不同场景。选项D“它可以记录高达每秒25米的速度”符合语境，故选D。
题型
主要内容
1
阅读理解
介绍了应用在北京2022年冬奥会上的高科技设备及给运动员带来的好处。
2
阅读理解
介绍了嫦娥5号带回了进过太空环境诱变的种子，并介绍了相关的太空育种知识。
3
阅读理解
介绍了疫情期间，面部识别系统的创新，能够通过眼睛来识别不同的人。
4
阅读理解
介绍了仿生眼研究的情况和其发展前景，这一切都是为了使盲人能够重新看到世界。
5
阅读还原5选5
介绍了北京冬季奥运会使用的一些高科技。
The fastest ice
The Natinal Speed Skating Oval is said t have “the fastest ice”, as 12 new Olympic recrds and ne wrld recrd were set there. The secret is new ice-making technlgy. Liquid carbn dixide (液体二氧化碳) is put under the ice t keep temperature changes n the ice surface in half a degree. That keeps the ice flat.
“Seeing” the wind
In events like freestyle skiing, ski jumping, the directin and speed f the wind can have a big effect n an athlete’s perfrmance. A Chinese research team develps a system t measure (测量) wind. The system uses AI technlgy. It allws athletes and caches t “see” wind with real-time data n their pads, and decide when and where t jump.
Fresh air
As COVID-19 can spread thrugh the air, clean air is key t keeping fans, wrkers and athletes safe and healthy. The Winter Olympics use large air purifiers (净化器) t catch and kill bacteria in the air and make sure that clsed venues always have fresh air.
Smart “Band Aid”
A wearable thermmeter (温度计) can measure the bdy temperatures f fans and athletes. Peple can wear it n their upper arms t mnitr (监测) their temperature in real time. It will send a warning if smebdy’s bdy temperature ges higher than 37.3 degrees.