初中英语中考复习 14 新发明与创造-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

这是一份初中英语中考复习 14 新发明与创造-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读，共11页。

（2022·全国·九年级课时练习）In ancient times, the Fur Great Inventins in China had a great influence n the whle wrld. In recent years, China nce again has ____1____ its ability t change the wrld with its “fur great new inventins”: high-speed railways, mbile payment, bike-sharing and nline shpping.
D yu knw ____2____ the new inventins can appear in China? The “fur great new inventins” are ____3____ related t China’s high-tech innvatin (创新). Fr example, the perating mde f bike-sharing is based ____4____ the satellite navigatin system (卫星导航系统), mbile payment, big data and ther high technlgies. This shws that China’s high-tech innvatin has greatly ____5____ the quality f peple’s lives.
China has entered a new innvative era, thanks t the large amunt f ____6____ that China has spent encuraging innvatin. China is beginning t ____7____ in innvatin in sme ways.
“The ‘fur great new inventins’ have surely imprved custmer experience, and helped natinal and glbal(全球的) ecnmy ____8____ at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) f an American market research cmpany.
As a whle, all the Chinese are ____9____ f their fur new inventins. It is increasingly clear that China is innvating and n lnger cpying western ideas. Mre and mre freigners ____10____ t prmte (促进) ecnmic develpment in their cuntries by learning frm China’s innvatin.
1．A．seemedB．appearedC．lkedD．shwed
2．A．whenB．whatC．whyD．where
3．A．allB．bthC．neitherD．nne
4．A．inB．nC．tD．frm
5．A．imprvedB．finishedC．inventedD．wasted
6．A．pepleB．waterC．electricityD．mney
7．A．tryB．leadC．winD．value
8．A．develpB．warnC．meanD．live
9．A．prudB．tiredC．bredD．satisfied
10．A．affrdB．repeatC．hpeD．wait
02
（2022·江西九江·二模）Sitting fr lnger than fur hurs a day increases a persn’s chance f suffering（患）illness.
Benit Maltane, a designer （设计者） frm France, discvered that ffice wrkers spent abut 70 percent f the day sitting dwn. T slve the prblem caused by it in mdern wrking life, he came up with a great idea— the tw-legged chair, which is t encurage the user t mve at his r her desk.
The chair just has tw legs and needs the user t balance （平衡） it. Althugh it lks dangerus, it can stp peple frm felling while using it. But the chair is a little uncmfrtable, as the user has t keep it balanced. It is als gd fr ther parts f the bdy, just like an exercise ball（姿势）.
_________ Mst peple dn’t get much exercise during the day. Peple watch a lt f TV and wrk n cmputers. Many peple suffer frm spine （脊椎） prblems. Cmpanies are cming up with new prducts in ur huses t make ur lives easier. But trying t ffer peple an easier life causes lts f health prblems.
Accrding t Benit, the design is nt abut making mney in the furniture （家具） market. It is t prvide a prduct which tries t encurage peple t mve their whle bdy. The practice f this special chair can make peple change their bad habits. It will encurage peple t try t be mre active.
11．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t?
A．The tw-legged chair.B．Mving at his r her desk.
C．Sitting fr t lng.D．The great idea.
12．Chse the best sentence t fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 4.
A．Sitting lng is s cmmn nw.B．Ding sprts is s ppular nw.
C．Wrking envirnment is s hard nw.D．Keeping healthy is s cl nw.
13．What’s the purpse f this passage?
A．T tell peple hw t keep away frm sitting t lng.
B．T tell peple hw t stay away frm health prblems.
C．T explain why peple suffer frm illness nw.
D．T shw a tw-legged chair designed t make peple healthier.
03
（2022·浙江·松阳县教育局教研室一模）
There are many TV ck shws where yu wish yu culd reach thrugh yur screen and taste the delicius recipes yurself.
Nw, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step twards making that a reality, with the develpment f a lickable TV screen.
The device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and cntains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples nt the surface f the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix t create tastes similar t thse being shwn n screen, fr example, cffee r pizza.
It is an experimental technlgy, prduced by Meiji University in Tky, Japan, with its develpers expecting a cmmercial versin t cst abut £650.
Japanese prfessr Miyashita and 30 students have develped all kinds f taste types. In his versin the 10 taste cans spray a mixture f samples n t a rll f hygienic (卫生的) film that is placed ver a flat TV-screen.
“During the COVID-19, this kind f technlgy can imprve the way peple cnnect and cmmunicate with the utside wrld,” said Miyashita.
“The gal is t make it pssible fr peple t have the experience f smething like eating at a restaurant n the ther side f the wrld, even while at hme,” he said.
Miyashita has als been in talks with cmpanies abut using his spray technlgy fr applicatins like a device that can apply a pizza r chclate taste t a piece f tasted bread.
14．The passage tells us the inventin f _________.
A．tasty cansB．TV ck shws
C．a film technlgyD．a lickable TV screen
15．Paragraph 3 talks abut_________.
A．what the device includesB．hw the device wrks
C．what the device is calledD．why the device is invented
16．The writer uses what Miyashita says t express the _________ f the inventin.
A．waysB．purpseC．cnditinsD．imprtance
17．Frm the passage, we knw that the device is _________.
A．widely used nwB．ppular with the Japanese
C．still in experimentD．liked by restaurant wners
04
（2022·湖北·武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）模拟预测）Malaria (疟疾) has been a deadly prblem fr humans since ancient times. Usually, peple get malaria when infected msquites bite them. Cuntless peple have died frm it. Chinese scientist Tu Yuyu fund an effective drug called qinghasu (青蒿素).
This year marks the 50th anniversary f Tu’s discvery. In 1969, Tu became the directr f a natinal prject t develp a drug against malaria. Her team tk a unique apprach. They went back t bks abut classical Chinese medicine. After reading mre than 2, 000 ld remedies (药方), Tu and her team cllected ver 600 plants and listed almst 380 pssible remedies fr malaria.
One remedy, which is 1, 600 years ld, uses the sweet wrmwd (青蒿) plant t treat malaria. Tu fund it effective and tried t extract (提取) the qinghasu frm it in rder t make drugs. The extractin failed at first, s Tu returned t the classical bks again and finally fund a way. She used a lw-temperature methd t extract the qinghasu and succeeded in 1972.
After her team shwed that qinghasu culd treat malaria in mice and mnkeys, Tu and tw f her clleagues vlunteered t test the drug n themselves befre testing n human patients. It turned ut that qinghasu was safe. All patients in the tests recvered. Gradually, qinghasu became the first-line treatment fr malaria recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO), saving millins f lives in China and ther cuntries thrughut the wrld.
In 2015, when Tu was awarded with the Nbel Prize in physilgy r medicine, she refused t take all f the credit (荣誉). Instead, she praised her clleagues and Chinese traditinal medicine. She nce prudly said, “Every scientist dreams f ding smething that can help the wrld.”
18．Accrding t the passage, t find an effective drug called qinghasu is ________.
A．impssibleB．uneasyC．unexpectedD．cmplicated
19．What d we knw abut the “qinghasu”?
A．It is extracted frm the sweet wrmwd plant at rm-temperature.B．TuYuyu and her team spent three years finding it ut.
C．Tu and all her teammates vlunteered t test it n themselves.D．It has saved millins f lives arund the wrld.
20．The underlined wrd “apprach” in paragraph 2 prbably means ________.
A．ideaB．wayC．discussinD．drug
21．We can find that Tu Yuyu ________.
A．tk all the credit by herselfB．did a lt and never gave up
C．succeeded in curing malaria by accidentD．wn the Nbel Prize shrtly after the success
22．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpse is t ________.
A．praise traditinal slutin in ChinaB．encurage yung peple t learn medicine
C．shw hw the qinghasu treats malariaD．make Chinese ld remedies mre ppular
05
Liu Jichen, a student frm Tsinghua University, has develped a WeChat mini-prgram called “Clear Plate”. ___23___ a meal, users can pen the mini-prgram and take a pht f their ___24___ plates. Once the image is checked by the AI, users can cllect pints and use them t buy gifts r meals fr children in pr ___25___ .
“Technlgy is a gd way t ___26___ the prblem f fd waste,” Liu thught. He rganised a team f twenty members t wrk n the prject. In rder t imprve the mini-prgram, the team ___27___ half a year cllecting ver 100,000 phts in schl dining halls and restaurants. In 2018, the mini-prgram was put int use. Sn, it became ne f ___28___ mst ppular mini-prgrams in universities acrss China.
Meanwhile, Liu and his team, tgether ___29___ ther rganizatins, started the “Clear Yur Plate” campaign in Nvember in the third year f his university. Almst 1.6 millin cllege students were attracted and fd waste was ___30___ by 862 tns. “Thrugh the campaign, we hpe t encurage ___31___ t take actin against fd waste,” he said.
Thanks t his great effrts, Liu std ut _____32_____ mre than 7,600 peple arund the wrld and was rewarded ne f the Yung Leaders fr the SDGs （可持续发展目标） by the UN.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。
1．句意：最近这些年，中国又一次用“新四大发明”展示了改变世界的能力：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。
seemed似乎；appeared出现；lked看；shwed展示。根据“China nce again has…its ability”可知，向世界展示它的能力，故选D。
2．句意：你知道为什么新发明能出现在中国吗？
when什么时候；what什么；why为什么；where在哪里。根据“ The ‘fur great new inventins’are…related t China’s high-tech innvatin”可知，本句话解释新四大发明出现的原因，故选C。
3．句意：“新四大发明”都与中国新科技的创新有关。
all全部，表示三者及以上；bth全都，表示两者之间；neither两个都不；nne全都不。空格处表示都有关，四个大于三，故选A。
4．句意：例如，共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。
in在……里；n在……上；t到；frm从。base n“基于”，固定搭配，故选B。
5．句意：这展示了中国的高科技创新已经极大地提高了人们生活质量。
imprved提高；finished完成；invented发明；wasted浪费。根据“China’s high-tech innvatin has greatly … the quality f peple’s lives”可知，这些发明极大地提高了人们的生活水平，故选A。
6．句意：中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代，由于中国在鼓励创新上已经花费了大量的金钱。
peple人；water水；electricity电；mney钱。空格处为that引导的定语从句，空格处的单词作spend的宾语，中国在鼓励创新上，花费了大量的金钱，故选D。
7．句意：中国将会在一些方面开始引领创新。
try尝试；lead引导；win赢；value价值。根据“China is beginning t … in innvatin in sme ways”可知，中国将引领创新，故选B。
8．句意：一家美国市场研究公司的首席分析师戴查理说：“新四大发明确实提高了客户体验，同时也帮助了国家和全球经济发展。”
develp发展；warn警告；mean意味着；live居住。根据“helped natinal and glbal(全球的) ecnmy”可知，此处指帮助经济发展，故选A。
9．句意：作为整体，所有的中国人以他们新四大发明而自豪。
prud自豪的；tired劳累的；bred无聊的；satisfied满意的。根据“all the Chinese are…f their fur new inventins”可知，中国人都以这几个发明而自豪，故选A。
10．句意：越来越多的外国人希望通过学习中国的创新来促进自己国家的经济发展。
affrd支付得起；repeat重复；hpe希望；wait等待。根据“prmte (促进) ecnmic develpment in their cuntries by learning frm China’s innvatin”可知，他们希望能够促进自己国家的经济发展，故选C。
11．C 12．A 13．D
【导语】本文介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。
11．词义推断题。根据“Benit Maltane, a designer （设计者） frm France, discvered that ffice wrkers spent abut 70 percent f the day sitting dwn.”可知it指代这句话中人们久坐的问题。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据“Mst peple dn’t get much exercise during the day. Peple watch a lt f TV and wrk n cmputers.”可知本段介绍人们久坐这一现象，A选项“久坐很普遍现在”符合。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据“T slve the prblem caused by it in mdern wrking life, he came up with a great idea— the tw-legged chair, which is t encurage the user t mve at his r her desk.”和全文可知本文主要介绍两条腿椅子的发明，为了让人们改掉久坐的坏习惯。故选D。
14．D 15．B 16．B 17．C
【导语】本文介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nw, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step twards making that a reality, with the develpment f a lickable TV screen.”和全文可知，主要介绍了可舔电视屏幕这项发明。故选D。
15．段落大意题。根据第三段“The device ... cntains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples nt the surface f the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix t create tastes similar t thse being shwn n screen”可知，这个设备有10个味觉罐，可以将味觉样本喷洒到屏幕表面；罐子里的不同味道可以混合在一起，创造出与屏幕上显示的味道相似的味道。由此可知，本段主要介绍这个设备是如何工作的。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The gal is t make it pssible fr peple t have the experience f smething like eating at a restaurant n the ther side f the wrld, even while at hme”可知，目标是让人们即使在家里也有可能体验到在世界另一端的餐馆吃饭的感觉；由此推知，作者引用Miyashita的话是为了说明这项发明的目的。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is an experimental technlgy, prduced by Meiji University in Tky, Japan”可知，这个设备现在还处于实验阶段。故选C。
18．D 19．D 20．B 21．B 22．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。
18．推理判断题。根据第2和3段“After reading mre than 2, 000 ld remedies (药方), Tu and her team cllected ver 600 plants and listed almst 380 pssible remedies fr malaria…The extractin failed at first, s Tu returned t the classical bks again and finally fund a way. She used a lw-temperature methd t extract the qinghasu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，找到一种名叫青蒿素的有效药物是很复杂的。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gradually, qinghasu became the first-line treatment fr malaria recmmended by the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO), saving millins f lives in China and ther cuntries thrughut the wrld.”可知，青蒿素拯救了全世界数百万人的生命。故选D。
20．词义猜测题。根据下文“They went back t bks abut classical Chinese medicine. After reading mre than 2, 000 ld remedies (药方), Tu and her team cllected ver 600 plants and listed almst 380 pssible remedies fr malaria…The extractin failed at first, s Tu returned t the classical bks again and finally fund a way.”可知，可知此句“Her team tk a unique apprach.”句意为“她的团队采取了独特的方法。”划线部分意为“方法”，与“way”同义。故选B。
21．推理判断题。根据第二、三段“They went back t bks abut classical Chinese medicine. After reading mre than 2, 000 ld remedies (药方), Tu and her team cllected ver 600 plants and listed almst 380 pssible remedies fr malaria…The extractin failed at first, s Tu returned t the classical bks again and finally fund a way. She used a lw-temperature methd t extract the qinghasu and succeeded in 1972.”可知，屠呦呦做了很多工作，从来没有放弃过。故选B。
22．主旨大意题。本文讲述了屠呦呦和她的团队从中国古典药籍中发现了治疗疟疾的青蒿素。它成为了一线药物，在中国和世界各地挽救了数百万人的生命。由此可知，作者的写作目的是赞扬中国的传统解决方案。故选A。
23． After 24．empty 25．areas 26．slve 27． spent 28． the 29．with 30．reduced 31．everyne##everybdy 32．amng
【导语】本文讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。
23．句意：饭后，用户可以打开小程序，给自己的空盘子拍照。根据“a WeChat mini-prgram called ‘Clear Plate’”及“take a pht f their ... plates”可知，应是饭后拍照，after“在……之后”，句首单词首字母大写。故填After。
24．句意：饭后，用户可以打开小程序，给自己的空盘子拍照。根据“Clear Plate”可知，拍的应是光盘，empty“空的”，形容词作定语修饰名词plates。故填empty。
25．句意：一旦图像被人工智能检查，用户可以收集积分，并用它们为贫困地区的儿童购买礼物或食物。根据“buy gifts r meals fr children in pr...”可知，是为贫困地区的儿童买礼物或食物，area“地区”，可数名词，空前没有不定冠词修饰，所以应用名词复数形式。故填areas。
26．句意：“科技是解决食物浪费问题的好办法。”柳心里想。根据“the prblem f fd waste”可知，此处指解决问题，slve“解决”，动词，a gd way t d sth.表示“做某事的好方法”，空处用动词不定式作后置定语修饰way。故填slve。
27．句意：为了改进这个小程序，该团队花了半年时间在学校食堂和餐厅收集了超过10万张照片。根据“half a year cllecting ”可知，此处是spend time (in) ding sth.“花费时间做某事”的结构，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以空处用动词过去式。故填spent。
28．句意：很快，它就成为了中国大学里最受欢迎的小程序之一。根据“ne in universities acrss China.”可知，此处是“ne f the+形容词最高级+比较范围”结构，最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
29．句意：与此同时，在大学三年级的11月，柳和他的团队以及其他组织发起了“清理你的盘子”活动。根据“Liu and his team, tgether ther rganizatins,”可知，此处是tgether with“和”，固定短语。故填with。
30．句意：吸引了近160万名大学生，减少了862吨食物浪费。根据“ the ‘Clear Yur Plate’ campaign ”和“ take actin against fd waste”可知，应是减少食物浪费，reduce“减少”，动词，fd waste与reduce之间是动宾关系，was后跟动词的过去分词构成一般过去时的被动语态结构，故填reduced。
31．句意：“通过这个活动，我们希望鼓励每个人都采取行动，反对浪费食物。”他说。根据“we hpe t encurage ... t take actin against fd waste”可知，是倡导大家一起行动everyne/everybdy“每个人”符合语境，不定代词作宾语。故填everyne/everybdy。
32．句意：由于他的努力，柳从全球7600多名杰出人士中脱颖而出，并被联合国授予可持续发展目标青年领袖之一。根据“mre than 7,600 peple arund the wrld ”可知，在超出全球7600多人中脱颖而出，超过三者以上，用amng表示“在……中”，故填amng。
题型
主要内容
1
完形填空
讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。这新发明关系着中国新科技的创新，中国已经进入了一个新的创新时代。越来越清楚的一件事是中国正在创新。
2
阅读理解
介绍久坐对身体有害，因此两条腿的椅子被发明出来，为了鼓励人们改变不好的习惯。
3
阅读理解
介绍了一种名叫TTTV的电视，这个机器包括屏幕和盛调料的容器，人们可以通过舔屏幕而尝到来自世界各地食物的味道。
4
阅读理解
介绍了中国科学家屠呦呦，挖掘中医宝藏，发现青蒿素的过程。青蒿素成为治疗疟疾的一线药物，拯救了全世界数百万人的生病。
5
短文填空
讲述了清华大学学生柳济琛开发了一个叫做“光盘打卡”微信小程序，来帮助减少粮食浪费。