学科	英语	年级/册	九年级	教材版本	人教版
课题名称	Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
难点名称	过去完成时及其用法。
难点分析	从知识角度分析为什么难	本单元主要学习如何讲述过去发生的事情，了解过去完成时及其用法，并运用恰当的时态叙述过去发生的事情，特别是异想不到的事情。一般过去时态及其用法在之前的学习中已经重点学习过，但正确区分一般过去时态和过去完成时态，并运用这两种时态叙述过去发生的事情对学生而言有些困难。
	从学生角度分析为什么难	叙述过去发生的意想不到的事情，贴近学生生活实际，是学生现实生活中经常遇到的生活场景。在本单元之前，学生已经学过了过去时态及其用法，因此对一般过去时态比较熟悉，但让学生明白一般过去时态和过去完成时态的区别，并运用这两种时态叙述过去发生的事情对学生而言有些困难。
难点教学方法	1.通过讲故事创设真实的语言情境，让学生感知用过去时态叙述过去的经历以及过去完成时的用法。 2.通过观察与归纳、呈现时间轴让学生了解过去完成时的结构及用法，通过介绍过去完成时的判断依据引导学生学会正确判断过去完成时态并加以运用。
教学环节	教学过程
导入	Enjoy a short video－An unlucky day.（播放短视频，激发学生学习兴趣，引出本课相关主题） 2. Show the learning goals.（出示本课学习目标）
知识讲解（难点突破）	Tell the story about Mary’s bad day. (1) Show pictures about Mary’s bad day, Ss to look through them and guess what happened to the girl?(通过展示主题图，让学生根据图片情景预测故事内容激发学生的好奇心） (2)Show pictures to tell the story with the past perfect tense. （通过讲故事引导学生初步感知过去完成时的用法） (3) Show the target language in the class and ask Ss to read them and find out the similarity among them. （通过呈现目标语言引导学生找出句子的共同点归纳过去完成时的结构） Learn the structure and usage of past perfect tense. (1) 构成：由“助动词had (用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词”构成否定式：had not + 过去分词缩写形式：hadn’t (2) 用法：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 (3) 呈现时间轴 A B past now future （过去的过去）观察与思考： By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. When I got to the school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. ① 这些句子是什么时态的句子?_____________ 过去完成时表示在过去某个时间,或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。即“__________”。结构为：_________ ②by the time 意思是 __________, = when, 后接过去时的句子时, 从句的谓语动词用____________，主句的谓语动词用____________ (4) 过去完成时的判断依据 ① 时间状语 by+过去的时间点 Jim had finished his homework by ten last night. by短语+过去的时间点 We had learned ten units by the end of last term. before+过去的时间点 Cindy had read 12 books before last week. ② 标志词+含义（过去的过去） · 与already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。 He told me that his team had already won. My brother said that he hadn't finished his work yet. . when/by the time/before+时间状语从句 When she got home, her children had slept. Before they arrived here,the film had already started. By the time Tina got into the station, the train had left. ③上下文语境 I met my English teacher last week, I hadn't seen her since I graduated.
课堂练习（难点巩固）	Exercise 1. By the time my parents arrived home yesterday, I the dinner already. A. cooked B. have cooked C. had cooked D. was cooked 2. She already knew the secret but no one her. A. has told B. told C. will tell D. had told 3. When I came in, he ____already (finish) his homework. 4. By the end of last year they (produce) more than 500,000 tractors(拖拉机). 5. He (work) on a farm for 3 years before he became a shopkeeper. Keys: C ; D; had finished ; had produced ; had worked
小结	过去完成时构成用法过去的过去 had +过去分词过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。判断依据时间状语 2.标志词+含义(过去的过去) 3.上下文语境 by/by短语/before already/just/ever/yet... +过去的时间点 when/by the time/before+从句让学生归纳并通过思维导图的方式呈现过去完成时的结构、用法及判断依据。