初中英语中考复习 考点22 非谓语动词-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点22 非谓语动词-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过，共11页。试卷主要包含了 动词不定式；， 动名词；， 分词， Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
命题趋势：   非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。中考考查重点：    1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。    非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。                                             构成：to + 动词原形                             动词不定式                                            作用：作除谓语外的任何成分                                      构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式           分词                                      作用：表、定、状、补                                        构成：v.-ing                              动名词                                        作用：主、宾、表、定考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember,    forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。   ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成      现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。非谓语动词解题七大原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或-ing的完成式）。原则七：用于名词后作定语时：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。【巧学妙记】后跟to do作宾语的动词（词组）(1)想要，拒绝，忘记 (want/would like, refuse, forget)(2)需要，努力，学习 (need, try, learn)(3)喜欢，同意，帮助 (like, agree, help)(4)希望，决定，开始 (hope/wish, decide, begin/start) 【巧学妙记】巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)想要(feel like)花费(spend)去练习(practice)忍俊不禁(can’t help)还介意(mind)I. 适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 1. He didn’t finish                (read) the book until last week.2. His sister decided                (not write) to him again3. They will go to the station                (meet) the guests.4. Sorry, I forgot                (return) your CD today. I’ll give it to you tomorrow.5. Mary is heard                (sing) English songs every morning.6. There must be something wrong with my TV set. I’ll have it                (repair).7. Noodles are my favorite. But I don’t like                (eat) them when I feel sick.8. Mr. King is usually seen                (go) shopping with his wife.9. The broken bike needs                (repair) at once.10. He promised                (send) me the bill as soon as possible.11. She couldn’t help                (smile) at the words.12. Would you mind my                (open) the windows?13. It’s no use                (ask) him about it.14. The boy kept                 (wait) outside the hole for about ten minutes.15. Every morning my grandpa spends half an hour                 (water) the flowers.16. We’re so much looking forward to                 (see) you again.17. I can read many books every month, and I think most of them are worth                 (read).18. This problem is a bit hard. Let me                 (think) it over.19. Who can make the child                 (stop) crying?20. Did you have your homework                 (finish)?II. 单项选择。1.—It is getting cold. Would you mind ________ the window?   —Of course not.  A. closing     B. to close    C. closed2.－Excuse me .Could you please tell me ________ my car?  －Sure. Park it right here. I’ll help you.          A. how to stop     B. where to park    C. when to park3. I have a lot of things ________ this weekend.  A. do           B. did  C. doing           D. to do4. He is too young ________ to school. A. to go           B. not to go  C. to saying          D. didn’t say[来源:学科网ZXXK]5. I remember ________ you somewhere before. A. to see           B. seeing  C. seen           D. saw1. （2018 • 山东临沂）I didn’t see you ________ in. You must have been very quiet.A. comes      B. to come       C. come        D. have come2. （2018 • 安顺中考）—You should do what you can ________ your English, Li Ming.—OK, I will. Thank you, Ms. Hu.A. improve     B. to improve       C. improving       D. improved3. （2018 • 绥化中考）People are supposed ________ hands when they meet for the first time in America.A. shaking      B. to shake       C. shake4. （2018 • 成都中考）I got up early this morning ________ my grandma at the airport.A. to pick up     B. picking up       C. picked up5. （2018 • 天津中考）Harry invited me ________ with him when his parents were out of town.A. stay      B. staved        C. staying       D. to stay6. （2018 • 绥化中考）Would you mind ________ down the music? It's too noisy.A. to turn      B. turning       C. turn7. （2018 • 内蒙古包头中考）As we all know, a person learns many things by making mistakes and ________ them.A. corrects   B. correct     C. to correct    D. correcting8. （2018 • 苏州中考）—I’m Daisy, not Jessie.—Sorry, I have difficulty ________ people’s names.A. remembering  B. remember       C. to remember      D. remembered9. （2018内蒙古通辽中考）I can’t stand ________ in public.A. smoking     B. to smoke       C. smoke        D. smokes10. （2018青海西宁中考）—Mr. Wang, I have trouble ________ the text. Could you help me?—Certainly. First, remember ________ it three times at least. Then, I will tell you more.A. to understand; reading      B. understanding; readingC. understanding; to read      D. to understand; to read1. （辽宁省大石桥市水源镇九年一贯制学校2018届九年级上学期期末模拟）I’ll do what I can ________ you.A. help       B. for help      C. helps        D. to help2. （四川省成都外国语学校2018届九年级下学期三诊考试）—How ________ did it take the sculptors  ________ a model?—About 3 months.A. long; finishing   B. often; to finish     C. far; to finish       D. long; to finish3. （江苏省泰州市滨江实验学校2018秋学期九年级英语期中复习）We are glad that more attention has been paid  ________ the air around us.A. to improve     B. to to improve     C. to improving      D. to to imporving4. （广西桂平市2018届九年级第二次模拟考试）—Do you prefer ________ basketball with me?—No, I’d rather stay at home and watch TV.A. play       B. to play    C. playing       D. played5. （福建省龙岩市2018适应性练习）It’s reported that China plans ________ Hainan into a new free trade port by 2025.A. build       B. to build      C. building6.（2016·山东宁津育新中学九年级模拟试卷）________ baseball game, you need to go to the Yankee Stadium.A. To watch        B. After playingC. Before buying                     D. Looking at7.（2016·云南曲靖市一中九年级检测）—Thanks a lot for going out of your way ________ me.—It’s my pleasure.A. help         B. helping  C. helped         D. to help8.（2016·江苏盐城东台第一教研片九年级下期检测）Why not ________ an English Club to practice ________?A. to join; speaking       B. join; speakingC. join; to speak       D. to join; to speak9.（2016·河南郑州九年级二模）—Is Tom in the next room? —Well, it’s hard to say. But I heard him ________ loudly when I passed by just now.A. speak         B. to speakC. spoken         D. speaking 10.（2016·云南腾冲第五中学九年级模考）I learn English by ________ aloud.A. read              B. to read C. read to            D. reading【跟踪训练】I. 适当形式填空(单句适当形式) 1. reading       2. not to write3. to meet       4. to return5. to sing       6. repaired7. to eat       8. to go9. repairing/to be repaired   10. to send11. smiling      12. opening13. asking      14. waiting15. watering      16. seeing17. reading      18. think19. stop       20. finishedII. 单项选择。1. A【解析】句意：——天变冷了。你介意我关上窗户吗？——当然不介意。mind doing sth.介意做某事。 2. B【解析】句意：——你能告诉我在哪里能停车吗？——好的。就停在这里吧。我会帮助你。根据答语可知用where to park意为＂停在哪里＂。3. D【解析】句意：这个周末我有许多事情要做。to do作定语修饰名词things，与名词是逻辑上的动宾关系。4.A【解析】句意：他是太小了而不能去上学。too...to 意为＂太……而不能＂，中间加形容词或副词，to后加动词原形。5. B【解析】remember to do sth. 记得要做某事，还未做；remember doing sth.记得做过某事，已经做过了。根据句意＂我记得以前在某个地方见过你。＂表示已经发生。故选B。【真题再现】1. C【解析】句意：我没有见你进来，你一定是悄悄地进来的。考查非谓语动词。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调正在做的动作；see sb. do sth.意为＂看见了某人做某事＂，强调看见动作的全过程。根据句意，＂我＂没有看见come这个动作正在发生，故选C。2. B【解析】句意：——你应该尽你所能来提高你的英语水平，李明。——好吧，我会的。谢谢你，胡老师。what you can (do)作动词do的宾语，为宾语从句，do what you can尽你所能，后面用动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为B。3. B【解析】句意：在美国，人们第一次相见的时候应握手。A. shaking现在分词形式；B. to shake动词不定式 ； C. shake动词原形。be supposed to do sth应该做某事，为固定用法，故选B。4. A【解析】句意：今天早上起床早为了在机场接我的奶奶。短语pick up表示接某人；这里是动词不定式表示目的。根据题意，故选A。5. D【解析】句意：Harry 邀请我在他爸妈不在镇上的时候去陪他待着。本题考查动词的时态。A. stay 原型； B. staved过去式； C. staying 现在分词； D. to stay动词不定式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，故选D。6. B【解析】考查动名词。句意：你介意把音乐的音量调小一些吗？太吵了。A. to turn 不定式；B. turning 动名词（或现在分词）；C. turn.动词原形。mind.意为"介意；在乎"后面只能跟动名词作宾语，故选B。7. D【解析】句意：我们都知道，一个人通过犯错误和改正错误可以学到很多东西。考查动名词。And连接两个并列的成分，由前面的making可知此处形式应与其一致，即doing形式；结合选项，可知D选项符合题意，故选D。8. A【解析】句意：——我是Daisy，不是Jessie。——对不起，我在记住人名上有困难。remembering记住，是动名词形式；remember动词原形；to remember动词不定式；remembered过去式。这句话中使用了句型have difficulty doing sth.，做某事有困难，因此这里应用ing形式，选A。9. A【解析】句意：我不能忍受在公众场合吸烟。smoking吸烟，是动名词形式；to smoke动词不定式；smoke吸烟，动词原形；smokes是动词的第三人称单数形式。句中使用了句型can’t stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事，故这里应选A。10. C【解析】句意：——王老师，我在理解课文上有困难，你能帮助我吗？——当然了，首先记住至少要读三遍；然后我再告诉你更多。to understand动词不定式形式，理解；understanding动名词形式；reading阅读，动名词形式；to read动词不定式。第一个空考查了句型have trouble doing sth.做某事有困难，所以应用动名词形式，先排除A和D；第二个空前的动词remember有两个句型，remember to do sth.记得去做某事（还没有做）；remember doing sth.记得做过某事。根据句意可知，这里应表示＂记得去做＂，用动词不定式，故应选C。【模拟检测】1. D【解析】句意：我将做我所能做的来帮助你。不定式在这里作目的状语；故选D。2. D【解析】句意：——完成一个模型需要花费雕塑家多少时间？——大约3个月。How long提问时间多久，how far提问距离＂多远＂，句型it take sb +时间+to do意为＂花费某人……时间去做……＂，所以第二空应该使用不定式形式to finish（完成），故选D。3. C【解析】句意：我们很高兴人们对我们周围的空气给予了更多的关注。to improve动词不定式；to to improve第一个to是短语pay attention to；第二个to是动词不定式的符号；to improving是介词to后跟动名词；to to improving形式错误。这个题目考查了短语pay attention to…注意……，to是介词，后面跟动名词形式，所以选C。4. B【解析】句意：——你愿意和我打篮球吗？ ——不，我宁愿待在家里看电视。这里是考查动词prefer的用法prefer后有两种形式，一种是prefer sth./doing sth.宁愿/ 更喜欢做某事, 第二种是prefer to do sth.意思是＂愿意做某事＂。从语境可知这里想表达的是愿意做某事，所以用prefer to play，故选B。5. B【解析】句意：据报道，中国计划在2025年底前把海南建成一个新的自由贸易港。考查动词形式辨析题。plan to do打算/计划做某事，固定短语。根据句意语境，可知选B。6. A【解析】句意：为了看棒球，你需要去洋基体育场。此处动词不定式短语作目的状语。7. D【解析】句意：——非常感谢你能专门来帮助我。——这是我的荣幸。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故选D。8. B【解析】句意：为什么不加入一个英语俱乐部来练习口语呢？提建议句型＂为什么不做某事＂(why not do sth.)；练习做某事(practice doing sth.)；故选B。9. D【解析】答语句意：我刚刚经过时，听见他在大声说话。强调动作正在进行用现在分词。10. B【解析】句意：我通过大声阅读来学习英语。by doing sth.通过做某事，by后加动名词。