初中英语中考复习 考点26 关系代词引导的定语从句-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点26 关系代词引导的定语从句-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过，共13页。
命题趋势：定语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查定语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到定语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握定语从句的用法。关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考。中考考查重点：   关系代词的用法；在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。【图示】考向一: 定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。考向二: 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。考向三: 关系代词的基本用法 作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what     B. whom     C. which     D. who【答案】D【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：（1）先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。【典例】—Is that all? —Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take. A. which    B. that     C. who     D. whose【答案】B【解析】句意：——就这些？——是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。（2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。（3）以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（4）先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。（5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。（7）主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：（1）先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？（2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。（3）引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。考向四: ＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句要掌握＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下五点：1. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的＂介词+关系词＂结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. →This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这就是我两年以前住过的那间房子。2. ＂介词 + which / whom＂构成的定语从句。   介词后只能用which/whom，不用who/that，但当介词放在后面时，在限制性定语从句中，可用that代替which / whom，并且that可省略。在非限制性定语从句中只能用关系代词which/whom。   我向你请教的那个问题现在已经解决了。  【误】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. （错）  【正】The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. （对）  【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. （对）3. ＂名词+ 介词+which / whom＂引导的定语从句We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear. 我们开了一个会，会议的内容还不完全清楚。4. 在非限制性定语从句中，of which / whom 可用来修饰不定代词 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, enough, the latter, the former等。There are 103 elements found in nature, most of which are metals.自然界中发现了103种金属元素，大都是金属。5. ＂介词+ which +名词＂引导的定语从句。   which是一个代表所有关系的关系代词，可用来代表一个名词/代词或句子的一部分，但更多的是来代表整个句子。其中的名词通常是一个抽象名词，如：case, fact, state, time, point等。He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.他可能要迟到，因此我们应该等他。一、     二、      三、     四、         五、       六、    七、      八、   九、         1. —What are you looking for? —I’m looking for a book _______________ tells the history of England.A. which         B. who           C. what           D. where 2. —What are you doing? —I’m reading the book _______________ you lent me last week.A. what          B. who           C. when          D. that 3. —Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable?  —Because he knows almost everything _______________ we want to know.  A. which   B. what     C. that     D. who4. —I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.  —Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.  A. who           B. whom           C. which           D. /5. No one knows _______________ in the future.A. what will be happen      B. what will happenC. what will it happen      D. what it will happen6. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.A .what            B. that              C. what          D. which7. —In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.  —And another example is F2F _______________ stands for face to face.  A. that         B. who         C. whom      D. it  8. After Mandela was free(自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people _______________ wanted to kill him.A. whose      B. which       C. /         D. who9. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.A. that       B. who       C. which       D. whose10. He always forgets all the things _______________ he needs to do.      A .what            B. that             C. that what         D. which1. The book in _______________ I have much interest now is Around the World in Eighty Days.A. that       B. who    C. which       D. whose2. This is the room in                 I used to live.A. which   B. why    C. who    D. when3. He showed me around the school                 he studied three years ago.A. that    B. when    C. in which   D. there4. He is the teacher                 class we all like.A. when   B. who     C. whom     D. whose5.  —Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.   —He is a great astronaut of                 all the Chinese are proud.A. that           B. whose           C. who            D. whom1. （2019 • 黑龙江省大庆市）The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.A. that B. what C. whose D. who2. （2019 • 吉林省中考）Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.A. which    B. who     C. where3. （2019 • 甘肃省天水市）—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?—Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. what D. it4. （2019 • 贵州省贵阳市）Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A. which B. what C. who5. （2019 • 四川省内江市）The book __________ was written by him is very interesting.A. who B. whom C. which D. /6. （2019 • 四川省遂宁市）My mother doesn’t like stories __________ have sad endings. A. that B. who C. where D. those7. （2019 • 四川省达州市）—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line?—They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is8. （2019 • 内蒙古呼和浩特市）Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat __________ tell you your weight?     A. /                B. who                    C. whom                D. that9. （2019 • 湖南省湘潭市）On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire __________ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world. A. that B. who C. where10. （2019 • 广西省玉林市）—Hey, Anna, would you like to see The White Storm with me?—You mean, the new police story __________ was filmed by Chen Musheng.A. who B. what C. whose D. which一、单项选择。1. （湖北省丹江口市习家店中学2018届九年级中考模拟考试）I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _______________ I met in the English speech contest last yearA. whom      B. whose       C. which       D. where2. （湖南省长沙市2017-2018师大附中教育集团九年级下英语第二次联考）Every time I go to ask him for help, he always says, ＂There’s nothing _______________ I can do for you. Go to ask somebody else.＂                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            A. that      B. which       C. what3. （福建省厦门双十中学2018届初三第二次模拟考试）The earth is the only planet _______________ provides us with everything we need. It’s our duty to protect it.A. who      B. what       C. that4. （安徽省马鞍山市2018届九年级第二学期二模）She is talking about the school and teachers _______________ we visited last month.A. who      B. which       C. where       D. that5. （四川省成都外国语学校2018届九年级下学期二诊考试）It is the school rooftop _______________ a group of Shanghai students have grown vegetables.A. which      B. that       C. what       D. where二、用适当的关系代词填空。1. This is the house in                 I lived ten years ago.2. The man from                 I borrowed the book is Li Lei.3. This is the car for                 he paid fifty thousand dollars.4. He was surprised at                 you said to him yesterday afternoon.三、用适当的介词填空。1. Do you like the book                 which she paid $10?2. Do you like the book                 which she learned a lot?3. Do you like the book                 which she often talks?4. The library                 which students often study was on fire last night.5. The reason                 which he didn’t come was that he was ill.6. I’ll never forget the time                 which I lived in the countryside.7. The woman                 whom Spielberg is married is an actress.8. She didn’t know the teacher                 whom I turned for advice.9. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest                 which is the Yellow River.【跟踪训练】1. A【解析】句意：——你正在找什么？——我正在找一本讲解英国历史的书。根据先行词是物，所以引导词用which 或者that，故选A。2. D【解析】句意：——你在干什么？——我在读上周你借给我的书。what什么；who谁；when当……的时候； that那。先行词the book表示物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词that代替，故选D。3. C【解析】句意：——你为什么叫他万事通先生? ——因为他几乎知道一切我们想知道的。1)先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。5)先行词既有人又有物时。故选C。4. A【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，学校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。5. B【解析】句意：没有人知道未来会发生什么。无论哪种句式结构充当宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。主句的谓语动词是过去式从句的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时态。若从句表达的是真理或客观事实，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态从句都要用一般现在时。根据in the future可知该用一般将来时。故选B。6. B【解析】句意：他总是忘记所有他需要去做的事情。考查定语从句的用法，先行词是all the things，故关系词用that。故选B。7. A【解析】句意：——在短信中，88的意思是再见。——另一个例子是F2F表示面对面。结合语境可知下文先行词F2F作下文定语从句的逻辑主语，指物，故引导词用that，选A。8. D【解析】句意：在一九九零年，Mandela获得自由之后，他选择了和曾经想要杀他的人握手。分析：考查定语从句的用法，先行词people，先行词在从句中作主语，因此选择引导词who。故选D9. C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词代替the book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。10. B【解析】句意：他总是忘记他需要做的所有事情。he needs to do是定语从句，先行词是things，当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时或被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰时，用引导词that。故选B。11. C【解析】句意：现在我有很大兴趣的那本书是《环游世界80天》。根据句意及题干分析此题是考查定语从句，先行词是the book，关系词代替the book且在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，和in连用只能用which，故选C。12. A【解析】句意：这是我过去居住的房间。which哪个；why为什么；who谁；when什么时候。此处先行词是the room，关系词在定语从句中作状语，故用which。13. C【解析】他带我参观了他三年前学习的学校。when什么时候。先行词是the school，指物，定语从句中缺少状语，故选C。14. D【解析】句意：他是我们都喜欢他课的那个老师。when什么时候；who谁；whom谁，在定语从句中作宾语；whose谁的。故选D。15. D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——请告诉我一些关于杨利伟的事。——他是一个伟大的宇航员个，所有的中国人都感到自豪。答语是一个定语从句，先行词astronaut是人，并且关系代词做介词of的宾语，所以用宾格形式。故选D。【真题再现】1. A【解析】句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故选A。2. B【解析】考查定语从句。句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。3. A【解析】句意：——你看过《流浪地球》这部电影吗？——这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。此句考查定语从句的关联词，that/which可以引导定语从句，what，it不能引导定语从句，首先排除C、D；先行词是不定代词one，前面被形容词的最高级best修饰，引导词只能用that不能用which，故选A。4. C【解析】句意：王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家，他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。A. which关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是物；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. who关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，根据 educationalist指人，所以用who，故选C。5. C【解析】句意：他写的那本书很有趣。考查关系代词。A. who代指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B. whom代指人，在定语从句中作宾语；C. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构，可知本句为定语从句，先行词the book为物，而且从句中缺主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which；故选C。6. A【解析】根据句意：我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事. 可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是stories，指物。作主语 ，关系代词用that/which，故选A。7. A【解析】根据句意：——弗兰克，你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁？ ——他们是来第一小学的学生。可知先行词是children，指人，作主语，故选代词用who/that，先行词是复数，动词用are。故选A。8. D【解析】句意：散步后坐下来是放松的. 但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗？考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 seat，指物。作主语 ，关系代词用that/which，故选D。9. A【解析】根据句意：2019年4月15日，周一，巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 fire，指物，作主语，关系代词用which/that。故选A。10. D【解析】根据句意：——嗨，安娜，你想和我一起看《白色风暴》吗？——你是指陈慕生拍摄的新警察故事。可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是story，指物。作主语，关系代词用which/that，故选D。【模拟检测】一、单项选择。1. A【解析】句意：我已经和我们学校几个学生成好朋友了，他们是我去年英语演讲比赛时遇见的。根据句意可知，这是定语从句，in my school是介词短语作定语修饰the students, 所以先行词是students, 是人，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，结合选项，故选A。2. A【解析】句意：每次我让他帮忙，他总是说我没有能为你做的，去问其他人吧。A. that那；B. which哪一个；C. what什么，这是一个定语从句结构，先行词是nothing不定代词，引导词用that；故选A3. C【解析】句意：地球是唯一为我们提供所需物品的星球。 保护它是我们的责任。本句包含了一个定语从句，先行词是planet＂行星＂，先行词在定语从句中做主语，先行词是物，可以选用that/which，选项A只能做先行词是人的关系词，选项B不能做定语从句的引导词，故排除A、B，先行词有only修饰，只能使用that来做关系词，故选C。4. D【解析】句意：她正在谈论关于我们上个月参观的那个学校和那里的老师。who引导定语从句，修饰人，作主语或宾语；which引导定语从句，修饰事物，作主语或宾语；where引导定语从句，修饰地点名词，作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰人或事物，作主语或宾语。根据the school and teachers可知此处既修饰人，又修饰事物，故用that引导定语从句，故选D。5. D【解析】句意：这是那个学校屋顶，一群上海的学生在那里种蔬菜。which修饰事物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。that修饰事物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。what引导名词性从句，在句中作主语，宾语或表语；where引导定语从句，在句中作状语。此处修饰地点名词the school rooftop，定语从句中主语，谓语和宾语齐全，故用where作地点状语，故选D。二、用适当的词填空。1. which          2. whom         3. which       4. What三、用适当的介词填空。1. for                          2. from                     3. about4. in                           5. for 6. during7. to                           8. to                       9. of