初中英语中考复习 考点30 阅读理解之议论文-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点30 阅读理解之议论文-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版），共39页。试卷主要包含了解题方法，理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点30 阅读理解之议论文
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。
二、解题方法：
一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。
三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图
做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。


A
Can Money Buy Happiness?
Can money buy happiness? Different people have different opinions toward money. Some people think money is the source of happiness. In their opinion, everything in the world can be bought with money. However, others think that money is the root of all evils. For example, some people fight against each other for money, some kill others for money. All these evils are under the control of money. In my opinion, money can bring us pain as well as happiness. Only when your money is made through your honest efforts, can you live a good life. If we use money to help the poor and homeless, we will enjoy the true happiness. 
Jaspreet Sethi, New Delhi, India
Can money buy happiness? It certainly doesn’t make one sad. If it comes my way, I’ll be happy.
If I had money, I’d buy a bigger car, a bigger house, a better education for my child, and a better holiday for my family.
Adam Hassan, Abuja, Nigeria
I think money can buy happiness. If you have to pay school fees, you need money. If you need a home for yourself, you need money. If you want to buy yourself something to eat, you need money. So if you don’t have money to get these things, there won’t be happiness.
If I had money, I’d get myself a home, a very good car, and a wife.
Arseny Yatsechko, Moscow, Russia
Money can buy anything. If you have enough money, you can make yourself happy. Family can change, people can change, but money won’t change.
If I had money, I’d probably spend it on a trip. I’d go to Paris or Berlin. I’m not so worried about the economy. Richard Wicks, London, United Kingdom
I’ve seen people with untold wealth. They never seemed happy to me. But what is happiness? You know, at the end of the day, as long as you’ve got your health and can get up, brush your teeth, get dressed in the morning, and talk to one another, you’re the richest person in the world.
Miguel Josue Molano, Bogotá, Colombia
You can have lots of money, but if you don’t have happiness in your heart, you won’t be able to share it.
If I suddenly found myself with lots of money, I would try to help people, because that’s the way to become happy. I’d help people try to achieve a different type of happiness.
1. According to the passage, how many people think money can buy happiness and how many don’t think so
A. Two; three B. Three; two C. Four, one D. One; four
2. From Richard Wicks, we can know ____________________.
A. good health is the wealth B. money is the happiness
C. money can buy everything D. who’s the richest in the world
3. If Miguel Josue Molano had much money, he would ______________________.
A. get a very good car and a home B. go to different countries for a visit
C. help people achieve their happiness D. buy a much bigger house
4. What does Adam Hassan think of the money?
A. Without money we can’t have happiness.
B. Only money can bring us happiness.
C. Everything needs money.
D. Money can make you healthy.
5. What’s the author’s attitude towards money?
A. Money is the root of all evils.
B. Money is the source of happiness.
C. Money must be made by your honest efforts.
D. Money can bring pain and happiness.
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文中首先阐述了作者的金钱和幸福观，然后列举了五个不同国家的人的对金钱和幸福的观点。
1. 综合判断题。根据五个人所阐述的不同观点，可总结归纳得知答案。
2. 主旨大意题。根据as long as you’ve got your health ..., you’re the richest person in the world.可知健康才是财富。
3. 细节理解题。根据If I suddenly found myself with lots of money, ... I’d help people try to achieve a different type of happiness可知答案。
4. 主旨大意题。根据So if you don’t have money to get these things, there won’t be happiness可知没有钱就没有幸福。
5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中In my opinion, money can bring us pain as well as happiness可知作者的观点是金钱可带来痛苦也能带来幸福。
B
Is there a way to quickly recall information just before taking an exam? Walking backward might be a good solution. Scientists from the University of Roehampton in the UK said this activity can help people improve their short-term memory.
Researchers asked 114 volunteers to watch a video. After watching the video, volunteers were divided into three groups.One group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backward. The third group stood in one place. All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video.
The scientists found that the backward walking group got two more answers correct on average than the other two groups.
This suggests that the relationship between the concepts of time and space is important considering how our minds form memories. “Time is really expressed via space,” Aleksandar Aksentijevic, who led the study, told the Daily Mail . When you walk backward, you see things from a different way compared to walking forward. This difference helps people recall things that happened in the past.
And walking backward is not just good for our brains. It is also good for the rest of our body, Compared to walking forward , walking backward is more challenging. This can ameliorate our energy in a short time and burns more calories.
Besides, walking backward puts less stress on our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees, according to researchers from the University of Oregon in the US. Walking backward also keeps our spines strong, which can help to reduce pain in the back. This might be why many old people like walking backward.
(Word Bank:solution解决方法concept概念reduce减少)
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
16.What was the first group asked to do by the researchers?
A. To stay in one place.
B. To walk up and down.
C. To walk 10 meters forward.
D. To walk 10 meters backward.
17. The test shows that walking backward________.
A. is only good for our brains
B. puts less stress on our knees
C. uses more energy in a short time
D. improves our short-term memory
18. The underlined word "ameliorate" has the closest meaning to "________".
A. Harm B. improve C. control D. spread
19. Why do old people like walking backward?
A. Because it helps burn more calories
B. Because it helps them recall their past.
C. Because it helps them remember things.
D. Because it helps reduce pain in their back.
20. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Walking backward is good for us in several ways.
B. Walking backward is a good way to keep healthy.
C. Walking backward can help us do better in exam.
D. Walking backward is becoming more and more popular
16. C第二自然段第二行得出答案选C
17. D第一自然段第三句话这种活动能提高他们的短期记忆。
18. B联系上下文得出这是提高意思。
19. D最后一段Walking backward also keeps our spines strong, which can help to reduce pain in the back得出答案选D
20. A这篇文章主要讲述倒走对保持健康有好处。
C
Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic(水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.
Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories(卡路里).
In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.
But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.
13. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Difference between air and water. B. Weight change of one’s body.
C. The advantages of aquatic exercise. D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.
14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?
A. Relaxing. B. Worrying. C. Challenging. D. Boring.
15. According to the text, aquatic exercise is _________.
A. done in groups B. fit for everyone
C. difficult to learn D. done with special skills
16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?
A. Culture. B. Health. C. Nature. D. Travel.
【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。
13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。
14. A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing令人放松的。B. 是＂令人担心的＂；C.是＂有挑战性的＂；D.是＂无聊的＂。根据短文第三段中In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water… The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。
15. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesn’t require any special skills. You don’t even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。
16. B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是＂文化＂；C.是＂自然＂；D.是＂旅行＂。根据短文第一段If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动—水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。
D
Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would be happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.
___①____ But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. __②____ Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy. __③___ It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ___④___ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.
This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. ‘The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. ‘The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.
33. The writer says that buying things _________.
A. can make people worried B. can make people nervous
C. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time
34. Where can we best put "But it’s not having money that brings happiness." in Paragraph 2?
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
35. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story in Paragraph 3?
A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough-
C. To make the writer’s opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.
36. What does the writer try to tell us?
A. Buying new things can make people happy.
B. The key to happiness is making others happy.
C. If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.
D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.
【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。
33. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。
34. B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话But its not having money that brings happiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. 提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead, it’s giving money to others that makes people happy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在②处，能使上下文意衔接，故选B。
35. C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到 This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项＂使作者的观点更清楚＂是正确的。
36. B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.＂使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐＂。故B选项＂快乐的关键是使别人快乐＂，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。
E
Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true.
Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it’s hard for you to communicate with your parents, don’t worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap（消除代沟）.
Don’t argue（争辩）with your parents. Don’t get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won’ consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can’t express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go somewhere to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter.
Try to reach a compromise（和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael’s mother didn’t agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days.
Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect（尊敬）to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.
Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life.
A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. Have a try!
5. The passage tells us ________ have a communication problem.
A. parents and other people B. teachers and their students
C. parents and children of all ages D. school kids and their parent
6. Your parents probably won’t consider your ideas if you ________.
A. write a letter to them B. don’t get to them often
C. express yourself well D. don’t speak to them politely
7. The underlined phrase ＂cool off＂ in the passage means ＂________＂.
A. to have a good rest B. to hide yourself quickly
C. to make yourself happy D. to get you quiet and relaxed
8. If there’s really a generation gap between you and your parents, you’d better ________.
A. have a talk with them often B. keep away from them
C. agree with them all the time D. know about their values
9. From the passage we learn that ________.
A. parents and children should not have a generation gap
B. there are some good ways to bridge the generation gap
C. parents should show love and respect to their children
D. there are so many serious problems in families today
【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述家长和孩子之间有代沟，主要原因是缺少沟通，当我们彼此了解对方的观点和想法之后，就很容易理解对方，从而消除代沟。
5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages可知，沟通是所有年龄段的父母和孩子都要面临的问题，故选C。
6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Your parents probably won’ consider your ideas if you are shouting at them可知，如果你朝他们喊，他们就不会考虑你的主意，所以表示如果你没有礼貌地和他们说话，故选D。
7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据And you can’t express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go somewhere to cool off可知，如果你生气，你就不能很好地表达你自己，所以要到某个地方冷静并放松一下，故选D。
8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don’t think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter、Try to reach a compromise以及Talk about your values可知，要经常和父母交流，故选A。
9. B【解析】推理判断题。根据Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap以及下文可知，我们可以知道一些很好的方法来消除代沟，故选B。
F

①April 2nd is World Autism Day. What is autism? Autism is caused by pervasive developmental disorder*. Here are main behavior characteristics* of autism.
②• Social communication disorder, live only in their own world.
③• Language communication disorder, difficult to communicate with people around.
④• Repeat strange movements often, unable to accept the changes of familiar environment.
⑤From three characteristics above, people with autism have lots of
trouble communicating. They look like normal people, but they experience the world in a very unique way. That is to say, the way how they deal with things and understand the world is not the same as normal people.
⑥Nowadays, the number of autism is 67 million all over the world. One in 160 children is autistic. A school in England for children with autism is finding a new use for virtual reality* and VR headsets. Priors Court is a kind of school in Berkshire, southern England. The teachers at school are using high technology to help and learn more about children with autism. As children with autism have problems with places and situations they haven’t experienced before well, they like what is familiar and they like their routine*. VR headsets make the wearers feel like they are in different places. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With the video, they can even hear the sounds of the place. Teachers are using VR to introduce children to situations like visiting a shopping mall or getting on a plane. They can do so in the safety of their classroom. In addition to getting used to everyday different places in the real world, the children may learn to enjoy new experiences such as skiing or deep-sea diving.
© A computer teacher, Nuno Guerreiro from the school said, "We're trying a new data* collection system with VR headsets at the same time. The system puts together information about each child every day: what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities. Then it compares those facts to know how they are behaving for medical treatment. " Guerreiro added the school hoped to share what it learned. "Hope to not only improve people to know more about the treatment and research of the autism, but also draw people's attention to care about autism. "
33. What is the structure of the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
34. The underlined word "unique" in Paragraph 5 means _________________.
A. great B. wrong C. useful D. different
35. According to Paragraph 6, the use of VR headsets is that _________________.
A. teachers can take classes for children in other places instead of classrooms
B. children can have the ability of skiing and deep-sea diving in the real world
C. VR experiences can help children feel better about changes from their routine
D. they can make it possible to take children to learn more about high technology
36. According to the passage, we can infer who may be the person with autism?
A. Jeff has trouble falling asleep at night and always feels sick in the day.
B. Marie feels unconfident and always afraid to speak in front of the class.
C. Nicky always stays in her private world and even can't understand others.
D. Steve can't concentrate on his study and often fights with others after class.
【答案】33. A 34. D 35. C 36. C
【解析】本文主要讲述了自闭症的相关信息。患有自闭症的人会有社交、语言交际障碍和表现出不同于的正常人行为。一所在英格兰为自闭症孩子建立的学校正在利用VR虚拟现实耳机技术来帮助自闭症孩子克服这种障碍。同时通过运用VR虚拟现实耳机技术收集数据并进行分析以便让人们更好地了解和研究自闭症。
【33题详解】
篇章结构题。分析文章结构可知第一段开门见山引出“自闭症”这一文章主题，接着二三四段分别介绍了自闭症的一些表现，第五段是对自闭症的总结，第六段和七段为并列的两段，所以A项符合文章结构，故选A。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段“They look like normal people, but they experience the world in a very unique way他们看起来像正常人，但是他们以一种非常独特的方式体验世界”可知unique在文中的意思为独特的，different意为“不同的，独特的”符合题意，故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。第六段主要讲述了运用VR虚拟现实耳机技术来帮助自闭症孩子体验以前他们没有体验过的地方和环境，从而帮助他们习惯现实世界的生活，虚拟现实体验能够帮助孩子们更好地感受到他们日常生活中的变化，故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。患有自闭症的人会有社交、语言障碍，他们生活在自己的世界，不能够跟其他人正常交流，不能够接受熟悉环境的变化，可知C项符合题意，故选C。

A【2020 •黔南州】
Do you pay with paper money, credit (信用的) card, or your phone when you go sopping? People in China may pay with WeChat (微信) on the phones. We seldom use paper money.
While WeChat Pay is now a part of life in our country, this way of paying also appears in other countries. A lot of foreign companies and traders have to accept it. According to Xinhua News, about 13 foreign countries have WeChat Pay services for Chinese travelers.
Is it good or bad to use WeChat Pay? Will people no longer use paper money in the future? Some discussions appear on the Internet.
"I don't think so. Nearly half of Chinese people live in the countryside. People there can't enjoy it without good Internet service. And most old people like to use paper money." said Winnie.
"WeChat Pay is convenient and safe. We needn't tell if the money is real or fake. But paper money is just the opposite. We should encourage people to use WeChat Pay more." said a wise man.
"For a long time, people will use different payment ways," said Sunshine. "Traders should allow people to choose the ways they like to pay."
Will paper money disappear in the future? What's your ideas about it?
41. When we pay with WeChat, we need to use our __________.
A. phones B. paper money C. credit cards D. wallet
42. A wise man thought __________.
A. it was not safe if people don't use paper money B. WeChat Pay was convenient and safe
C. people would go on using paper money in the future D. old people like to use paper money more
43. The underlined word "fake" in Paragraph 5 may mean __________.
A. 脏的 B. 麻烦的 C. 假的 D. 残缺的
44. From the passage, we can know __________.
A. only Chinese people use WeChat Pay
B. Chinese travelers can use WeChat Pay in about 13 foreign countries
C. people use WeChat Pay more than paper money in the world
D. paper money will surely disappear in the future
45. What's the best title for this passage?
A. Why People Use WeChat Pay? B. WeChat Payment in China.
C. Will Paper Money Disappear? D. Payment Ways in the Future.
本文主要介绍了微信支付越来越受人们的欢迎，然而纸币是否会消失呢? 不同的人有不同的看法。
41.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“People in China may pay with WeChat (微信) on the phones.”，可知中国人可以用手机微信支付，故选A。
42.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段a wise man 说话的内容中“WeChat Pay is convenient and safe.”，可知智者认为微信支付方便安全，故选B。
43.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子“We needn't tell if the money is real or fake.”中的real“真实的”，意为我们不需要去分辨钱是真的还是假的。可知fake表示“假的”之意，故选C。
44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“While WeChat Pay is now a part of life in our country, this way of paying also appears in other countries虽然微信支付已经成为我国生活的一部分，但这种支付方式在其他国家也出现过。”，可知选项A是错误的；根据第二段“According to Xinhua News, about 13 foreign countries have WeChat Pay services for Chinese travelers. 据新华社报道，大约有13个国家为中国游客提供微信支付服务。”，可知选项B是正确的；根据Winnie说话的内容，可知选项C表述错误；文章未提到纸币一定会消失，所以选项D表述错误。故选B。
45.D【解析】最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过微信支付引出纸币是否会消失，讨论了两种支付方式，以及未来的纸币是否会完全消失，可知，Payment Ways in the Future.是最佳标题，故选D。
B【2020 •河北省】
In class, students are sharing their dream jobs.
Jacob: I'd like to be a mountain-climbing guide for several reasons. Number One, mountain climbing is very exciting. Mountain-climbing guides get to climb tall, dangerous mountains, right? Number Two, I enjoy working outdoors and helping others. Number Three, mountain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun people.
Fred: My choice is to be a vet（兽医）. Why? I like animals. Animals bring a lot of joy to our lives, but they ask for little in return. I also enjoy helping animals and their owners feel better. Pet owners are happy when their pets are well. Finally, vets get to work with other people who like animals.
Anne: Ha, my dream job? An accountant （会计）! I think it's interesting. I'm good at numbers, you know, and I also like helping people manage their money. Good accountants are well paid, and I want to manage my own money, of course. But the most important of all, accountants mostly work alone, and I like to work alone.
Jessica: I'd like to become an animator（动画片制作者）and make films like Toy Story, Shrek, and Cars. You see, I love drawing and I love working on computers. I'd like to help people relax and enjoy their life. Animators can make a lot of money, too.
21. Jacob's dream job is to be .
A. a vet B. an animator
C. an accountant D. a mountain-climbing guide
22. What is Anne's main reason for her dream job？
A. The job is interesting. B. The job is well paid.
C. She is good at numbers. D. She likes to work by herself.
23. What do the four students have in common?
A. They enjoy working outside. B. They enjoy offering help to others.
C. They hope to meet fun people. D. They hope to make a lot of money.
文章大意：文中四个学生分享了各自梦想中的工作，并且分别给出了各自的原因。
21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"I'd like to be a mountain-climbing guide for several reasons."可知Jacob梦想中的职业是成为一名登山向导。故选D。
22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中"But the most important of all, accountants mostly work alone, and I like to work alone."可知最重要是会计可以独自工作，并且Anne很喜欢独自工作。故选D。
23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中"Number Two, I enjoy working outdoors and helping others."、第三段中"I also enjoy helping animals and their owners feel better."、第四段中"... and I also like helping people manage their money."及最后一段中"I'd like to help people relax and enjoy their life."可知这四个学生的共同点是喜欢帮助其他人。故选B。
C【2020 •东营市】
A tornado（龙卷风）is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage（损坏）. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up（蜷缩）into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure （测量） what is happening in and around a tornado.
One special tool is called a tornado probe（探测仪）. Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
36. If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe?
A. Go to a basement. B. Find a small room.
C. Stay in a bathroom. D. Curl the legs up.
37. What can the sensor in a probe NOT do?
A. Measure wind speed and temperature. B. Take photos and videos.
C. Measure wind temperature and pressure. D. Measure wind speed and direction.
38. Which statement about the scientists is TRUE?
A. They risk their lives studying tornadoes.
B. They can easily put the probe in the right place.
C. They get close to a tornado to admire it.
D. With the help of the measurements, they can prevent the tornado forming.
39. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. what a tornado is
B. how dangerous a tornado is
C. where a tornado may form and travel
D. how scientists do research work on tornadoes
40. You may find this passage in ________.
A. a novel B. a storybook C. a guidebook D. a science magazine
本文主要介绍了科学家如何探测及研究龙卷风。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close. A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor，可知，当龙卷风靠近时，要找一个最低层或地下室这样的安全地方。故选A。
37.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction，可知，传感器可以测量风速，温度，压力及方向。结合所给选项，只有B不符合。故选B。
38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado，可知，为了得到这些测量数据，科学家必须冒着生命危险把探测器靠近龙卷风或进入龙卷风里，所以A选项正确。根据Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place，可知，科学家要尝试猜测龙卷风下一步会去哪里，然后把探测器放在这个位置，如果猜错了，还要去尝试另外一个地方，说明把探测器放在合适的位置并不是那么容易，所以B选项错误。根据They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes，可知，科学家靠近龙卷风是为了更多地了解它，所以C选项错误。根据Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado，可知，在测量数据的帮助下，科学家可以预测未来龙卷风在哪里形成，这样可以给到人们一些警示来远离危险的龙卷风，所以D选项错误。故选A。
39.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文第二段到最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风。故选D。
40.D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风，这篇文章最有可能在科学杂志上看到。故选D。
D【2020 •广西北部湾经济区】
China gets greener
President Xi Jinping said "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets(绿水青山就是金山银山)". With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago, according to a recent report from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA).
Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north. Each year, people sow seedlings(播种)over an area nearly the size of Ireland, according to Nature.
In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall". It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.
Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years. Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.
The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与). For example, Ant Forest, an Alipay mobile payment app, plants real tees for users who get "green energy" by taking part in low-carbon(低碳)activities. Since 2016, it has helped to plant about 122 million trees in China's driest areas.
China was praised as "one of the most successful countries worldwide in greening the desert" by United Nations Environment Programme Executive Director Erik Solheim.
36. What was the rate of forest coverage forty years ago?
A. 5. 05%. B. 17. 91%. C. 22. 96%. D. 28. 01%.
37. Over the past forty years, China has planted billions of trees to ________.
A. turn deserts into green land B. create a green area in the desert
C. stop deserts from expanding D. build an area nearly the size of Ireland
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Windbreaks have covered across all provinces of China.
B. In 1978, China succeeded in building "the Great Green Wall.
C. China has grown 6. 7 million hectares of forest since 2018.
D. Since 1978, over 66 billion trees have been planted to act as windbreaks.
39. What did China do to build a greener country?
A. Tried to bring back grasslands. B. Made strict forest protection methods.
C. Banned commercial logging. D. All of the above.
40. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Ant Forest plants real trees for all Chinese people.
B. Everybody can help build a greener country.
C. China's forest coverage is the highest in the world.
D. China was praised for no deserts in northern China.
习近平总书记曾经说过“绿水青山就是金山银山”，中国在注重经济发展的同时，对于环境的保护也没有松懈过。这篇短文详细介绍了中国对保护环境、植树造林所做的努力。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段“With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago”可知，四十年前，中国的森林覆盖率是5.05%。故选A。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north.”可知，中国种植了数以十亿计的树木，是为了抵抗不断扩大的沙漠。故选C。
38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，从1978年起，中国开始在全国范围内植树造林。种植了超过660亿棵树，作为防风林。D选项符合文意，故选D。根据第三段“It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.”可知A不对；根据“In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall".”可知，中国从1978年开始修建“绿色长城”，并不是已经成功建成，故B不对；根据第四段“Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years.”可知C不对。
39.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.”可知，为了建设更加绿色的国家，中国不仅种植更多的树木，还试图恢复草原、使用严格的森林保护方法、禁止商业伐木。A、B和C三个选项在文章中都提到了。故选D。
40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的开头“The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与).”可知，中国森林覆盖率的高速增长离不开公众的参与，并举了支付宝的蚂蚁森林的例子。由此可知，为了建设一个绿色的国家，每个人都可以贡献自己的力量。故选B。
E【2020 •遵义市】
China has accepted western fashion and technology as it has developed these years, but a lot of young people are turning to the past for their clothes choices and putting on traditional "hanfu".
As the government encourages the renaissance (复兴) of traditional culture, hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers. Every year, we can enjoy different hanfu shows around the cities. These shows bring us back to Han dynasty. We learn more about the history, culture and beauty from them.
Hanfu hasn't been in the same style since Han dynasty. However, this kind of clothes has something in common. They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can't be seen.
In modern China, the hanfu lovers are from history fans, cartoon fans to clothes fans.
"Clothes are the basic part of culture, so both the traditional clothes and modern clothes play the same role in culture," said Zhang Jun, a famous reporter. "If the people and the country do not even understand our traditional clothes or don't wear them, how can we talk about other important parts of our culture?"
26. What clothes does the passage talk about?
A. B. C. D.
27. Han fu is getting more and more popular because ________.
A. China has accepted western fashion B. China has accepted western technology
C. China has developed in recent years D. the government encourages traditional culture
28. Who are hanfu lovers in China nowadays?
A. History fans. B. Cartoon fans. C. Clothes fans. D. All of the above.
29. What does the underlined word "sleeves" mean?
A. 衣领 B. 衣袖 C. 纽扣 D. 拉链
30. According to Zhang Jun, he thinks ________.
A. clothes are not the part of culture B. it's not necessary for us to wear hanfu
C. clothes help us understand our culture better D. hanfu isn't so important as modern clothes
文章介绍的是随着传统文化的复兴，汉服变得越来越受欢迎了，以及汉服的样子，和所代表的文化意义。
26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can’t be seen. 它们都有大而柔软的长袍，袖子垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知与描述相符的是A选项中的图片，故选A。
27.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中As the government encourages the renaissance (复兴) of traditional culture, hanfu is getting more and more popular with the teenagers.可知，随着政府鼓励传统文化的复兴，汉服越来越受到青少年的欢迎。故选D。
28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中In modern China, the hanfu lovers are from history fans, cartoon fans to clothes fans.可知，在现代中国，汉服爱好者从历史迷、卡通迷到服装迷。故选D。
29.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中They all have large soft robes (袍子), with sleeves that hang down to the knees, so the hands can’t be seen. 他们都有大而柔软的长袍，……垂到膝盖，所以手看不见。可知，这里的sleeves指的是“袖子”，故选B。
30.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Clothes are the basic part of culture, so both the traditional clothes and modern clothes play the same role in culture,” said Zhang Jun, a famous reporter. “If the people and the country do not even understand our traditional clothes or don’t wear them, how can we talk about other important parts of our culture?” 著名记者张军说：“服装是文化的基本组成部分，所以传统服装和现代服装在文化中起着同样的作用。如果人民和国家连我们的传统服装都不懂，或者不穿，我们怎么谈我们文化的其他重要部分呢？”可知，衣服能帮助我们更好地了解我们的文化，故选C。
F【2020 •山西省】
请阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

These days, teenagers are heavily influenced by the media. Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That's more time than they spend with teachers at school. And we haven't yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapers.
However, several studies have shown a serious problem: today's teenagers lack media literacy (媒体素养). In other words, they have difficultly critically thinking about the information they see. One study that was done on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldn't tell the difference between real stories and ads that looked like news.
Standford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries to help his students learn media literacy. The professor gave an example that shows why media literacy is important. In the example, two news stations report a snowstorm. One focuses on (关注) the terrible road conditions. The other focuses on kids playing in the snow. "With a news story. news stations tell you what they feel are the important details (细节). These details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director." said John. "A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on."
Some experts think shoe is the best place to teach media literacy. Other believe everyone—form parents to reporters—should help teenagers learn the skills.
As for the best time to start learning media literacy, many experts suggest the age of 12. But some basic ideas can be taught even earlier. "It's never too early to start learning media literacy," John said.
29. From the first paragraph, we can learn that teenagers today spend more time ______.
A. using the Internet than watching TV
B. watching TV than studying at school
C. studying at school than reading newspapers
30. The underlined word "lack" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A. 缺乏 B. 质疑 C. 误解
31. The example shows that a person who has media literacy _______about a news story.
A. should have the same opinions as others
B. could think about is good and bad sides
C. must know about all the important details
32. Professor Kevin John would agree that _______.
A. everyone is supposed to help children learn different skills
B. children should be taught media literacy as early as possible
C. news directors should report the news children are interested in
33. The main idea of the passage is _______.
A. how to develop teenagers' media literacy
B. where teenagers should be taught media literacy
C. why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy
这是一篇议论文，文章讲述学生对于看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，有必要让学生有媒体修养；有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面；越早教孩子们媒体修养越好。
29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV. That's more time than they spend with teachers at school”可知和在学校的时间相比，现在的青少年花更多的时间看电视。故选B。
30.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“In other words, they have difficultly critically thinking about the information they see”他们对于他们看到的信息缺乏批判性的思考，此处lack意思是“缺乏”。故选A。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“A person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at this time. There is more going on”可知举例是为了显示有媒体修养的人对于新闻故事会思考好的和不好的一面。故选B。
32.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It's never too early to start learning media literacy”可知Kevin John教授认为越早教孩子们媒体修养越好，故选B。
33.C【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是让学生有媒体修养的必要性。可概括为why teenagers are supposed to have media literacy。故选C。
G【2020 •绵阳市】
Life is competitive - some kids can do something faster or better than other kids. This might not seem fair, but all people are different and how well you can do something is different to others. This means there are “winners" and “losers", and lots of people are neither winners nor losers but in-between. You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser whether you are competing against others or yourself.
Being a “good” winner
No one likes a “show off”.
No one likes someone who takes all the praise for the efforts of a team.
No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.
To be a good winner you need to:
◆Be modest(谦虚).
◆ Thank those who helped you for their efforts.
◆ Keep trying to improve your skills.
◆Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well.
Being an even better loser
Of course it’s disappointing to lose, especially if you are close to winning. Behaving badly or angrily, name-calling and going on about things being “unfair” won’t change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport. And no one likes bad sports either.
To be an even better loser you need to :
◆ Behave politely, nicely and kindly.
◆ Congratulate the other team.
◆ Keep any negative (消极的) thoughts to yourself - at least until you are away from the game.
It’s Ok to let out your negative thoughts to your best friend or parents later. And if you don’t do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one. Improving yourself makes you a winner too.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. We are either losers or winners.
B. We should face winning and losing properly.
C. We can do nothing about winning and losing.
D. We are always competing with others not ourselves.
2. What should a better loser do when losing?
A. Let out his anger to his parents at once.
B. Express his negative feelings in the game.
C. Try harder to improve himself in the next game.
D. Behave badly to his team members or competitors.
3. Which one is not proper if we succeed?
A. Going on improving our skills.
B. Telling our team members to aim higher.
C. Thanking our team members for their efforts.
D. Putting down others to make ourselves look good.
4. Who is probably a bad sport?
A. Tom keeps saying the game is unfair when he loses.
B. Jim encourages his teammates after their team loses.
C. Anna thanks her coach for what he has done though she fails.
D. Cindy shows her congratulations to other competitors even if she fails.
5. What is the passage written for?
A. Telling us what we can learn from losing.
B. Offering advice on what we can do to win.
C. Encouraging us to become a winner instead of a loser.
D. Giving advice on how to deal with winning and losing.
本文是一篇议论文，文章就如何应对输赢给出了一些建议，自己可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家。
1.B【解析】判断推理题。第一段主要介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家，从中可以推断出我们应该正确地面对输赢，故选B。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“And if you don’t do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one.”可知如果在一场比赛中表现不佳，那就更加努力地为下一场比赛学习，故选C。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据To be a good winner you need to部分中“Thank those who helped you for their efforts.”和“Keep trying to improve your skills.”以及“Aim for the next step up in whatever you are doing well.”可知要成为一个好的赢家，需要感谢那些提供帮助的人、不断提高自己的技能以及着眼于下一个目标等，所以选项A、B和C是恰当做法。根据Being a “good” winner部分中“No one likes people who put others down to make themselves look good.”可知没有人喜欢为了自己好看而贬低别人的人，所以选项D是不恰当的做法。题目要求选择不恰当的做法，故选D。
4.A【解析】细节理解题。根据Being an even better loser部分中“Behaving badly or angrily, name-calling and going on about things being “unfair” won’t change the final result and will only make you look like a bad sport.”可知表现不佳，辱骂或者继续说一些“不公平”的事情不会改变最终的结果，只会让你看起来像个不受欢迎的人，故选A。
5.D【解析】写作目的题。文章介绍了生活中充满了竞争，很多人既不是赢家也不是输家，而是介于两者之间，所以无论是与别人还是与自己竞争，任何人都可以选择成为一个好的赢家或一个更好的输家；接下来文章重点就如何成为一个好的赢家和一个更好的输家分别提出了一些注意事项和建议，故选D。
H【2020 •昆明市】
Yuan Longping, a great scientist, is the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice （杂交水稻） which helps fight hunger in China.
Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world's population, but only 7 percent of its farmland. In the 1960s, China suffered （遭受）serious hunger. Millions of people died because they had no food. As an agronomy （农学） teacher, Yuan was very sad to see this. “How can I help them have enough food?” he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice. It has a high output（产量）.
At that time, other scientists didn't think hybrid rice was worth studying. But Yuan and his team worked on it every day. They took very good care of their rice seeds.
At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This rice is strong. Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and also in bad weather. It can also fight disease. Its output was much greater than common kinds of nice. With the new kind, about 70,000,000 people could have food every year.
Yuan solved the food problem in China. But he is still working on rice. Before he retires （退休）, he hopes to grow rice in the sea!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
36. Why was food a big problem in China in the past?
A. Because farmers didn't grow nice.
B. Because farmers didn't have rice seeds.
C. Because China had no money to buy plenty of food.
D. Because China had a large population but a little farmland.
37. How did Yuan Longping help people have enough food?
A. He discovered another kind of food.
B. He borrowed enough food from other countries.
C. He developed a kind of hybrid rice with his team.
D. He started being an agronomy teacher to study nice.
38. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the new kind of hybrid rice?
A. It is able to fight disease. B. It is grown across the world.
C. Its output is much higher. D. It can be grown in different farmland.
39. Yuan Longping wishes to before he retires.
A. grow rice in the sea B. have a good rest
C. keep several pet cats D. help people in Africa
40. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The new kind of hybrid rice is worth studying.
B. The new kind of hybrid rice was invented in China.
C. Yuan Longping grew the new kind of hybrid rice for many years.
D. Yuan Longping has played an important role in solving China's food problem.
袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，他研究的杂交水稻，提高了粮食产量，为我国解决了重要的粮食问题。这篇短文给我们介绍了袁隆平研究杂交水稻的背景以及他做出的贡献。
36.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Food was a big problem in China in the past. This was because China had 22 percent of the world's population, but only 7 percent of its farmland.”可知，在过去，粮食是中国的大问题，因为中国有世界22%的人口，但只有7%的耕地。故选D。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段““How can I help them have enough food?” he thought. He decided to work on a kind of hybrid rice.”和第四段“At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice.”可知，袁隆平和他的团队种植了一种新的杂交水稻，这种水稻能对抗疾病、产量高，因而解决了中国的粮食问题。故选C。
38.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“At last, in 1973, they grew a new kind of hybrid rice. This rice is strong. Farmers can grow it in many different kinds of farmland and also in bad weather. It can also fight disease. Its output was much greater than common kinds of nice.”可知，文章中提到了这种水稻产量高、能抵抗疾病、能在不同的耕地上种植，B选项“它在全世界种植”没有提到。故选B。
39.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段“Before he retires, he hopes to grow rice in the sea!”可知，袁隆平在退休之前，希望能够在大海里种植水稻。故选A。
40.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文意以及短文第一段“Yuan Longping, a great scientist, is the first person to develop a kind of hybrid rice which helps fight hunger in China.”可知，这篇短文主要讲述了袁隆平和他的团队是如何研究种植杂交水稻，帮助中国解决粮食问题的。D选项最符合文意，故选D。

A【2020 •内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区中考一模】
Taking online classes is becoming increasingly popular. Do you know what students around the world think of it? There are four students from different countries discussing it.
Li Mei from Wuhan
Taking online courses gives me a lot more choices and freedom. We can choose to learn whatever we want. Also, online classes make us to study whenever and wherever we want.
Jenny from New York
There are many temptations(诱惑) on the Internet. Students can be distracted easily when they are having online courses. The learning process is not as organized as it is in the classroom.
Reiyu from Tokyo
We might feel more focused on learning when we are having online courses, because we are alone in front of a computer with no one to distract us. In addition, taking online courses also helps us practise our computer skills.
Monica from Rome
I think the idea of taking online courses is crazy. It can increase our exposure（接触） to computers and the radiation from them could do harm to our bodies, especially our eyes.
31. Li Mei thinks it is ______ to take online courses.
A. tiring B. difficult C. convenient D. important
32. Who is against online classes?
A. Lei Mei and Jenny. B. Reiyu and Monica.
C. Jenny and Monica. D. Li Mei and Reiyu.
33. The main idea of the passage is _____.
A. Good ways to take online courses
B. Suggestions for using computers wisely
C. Online classes in different countries.
D. Different opinions on taking online courses.
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D
【解析】文章讲述的是在线课程变得越来越流行，而世界各地的学生对此有不同的看法，文中举例四个来自不同国家的学生对于这个问题的意见。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文中“Taking online courses gives me a lot more choices and freedom. We can choose to learn whatever we want. Also, online classes make us to study whenever and wherever we want.”可知，李梅认为上网课很方便，故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中“There are many temptations(诱惑) on the Internet. Students can be distracted easily when they are having online courses.”可知，Jenny反对上网课；根据文中“I think the idea of taking online courses is crazy. It can increase our exposure（接触） to computers and the radiation from them could do harm to our bodies, especially our eyes.”可知，Monica反对上网课，故选C。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的理解及文章的开头“Taking online classes is becoming increasingly popular. Do you know what students around the world think of it. There are four students from different countries discussing it.”可知，文章主要是介绍世界各地的学生对于上网课的不同的看法，故选D。
B【2020 •安徽省】
When you have dinner, you follow table manners. When you have a lesson, you obey the rules in the classroom. But have you ever thought about needing to mind your manners in the digital world when you use phones, e-mails and social medias, like QQ, We Chat, Twitter, etc?
As new research by Oxford University noted. “It’s just important to treat people with respect online as it is in real life.” The study came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age.
Their first advice is not “over-sharing” on social media, which means not posting every detail about your life online, because some of us are not creative enough to always show off our thoughts and lives on social media.
The manners also include not looking through others’ phones and not gossiping about others over message, especially when you choose “reply all” to send a message to a group of people. Although gossip is not a harmful chat that can make conversations exciting, it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people. Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life, so it’s better not to gossip.
Moreover, when you have bad news for someone, do not leave text messages on social media, chat with him or her by calling or sending personal messages.
Nowadays technology has offered us different ways to contact others. It is important to remember how to behave towards others online.
38. According to the passage, we shouldn’t over-share details of our life on social media because_____.
A. it may allow bad people to steal our personal information easily
B. nobody is interested in our personal life unless you are a star
C. over-sharing will disturb others although you may have creative thoughts and lives
D. not each of us can express our thoughts and lives creatively
39. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “gossip” in the passage?
A. 随笔 B. 恶意评论
C. 爱说长道短的人 D. 流言蜚语
40. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The author mentions 5 kinds of social media.
B. No one would mind your behaviour on social media.
C. The author gives some advice on how to behave on social media.
D. Only few people follow the social manners in the digital world.
41. What’s the structure of the passage?

A. A B. B C. C D. D
【答案】38. D 39. D 40. C 41. B
【解析】本文对在数字时代人们在社交媒体上需要注意的礼貌准则提出了一些建议。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。阅读第三段可知，我们不应该在社交媒体上“过度分享”我们生活的细节，是因为并不是我们中的每个人都能创造性地表达我们的想法和生活。故选D。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。由倒数第三段句子“it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people”可知，“gossip”也可能是传播关于其他人不真实东西的一种方式，也就是说“gossip ”是对别人的传言，其意思是“流言蜚语”，故选D。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段句子“The study came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age. （该研究提出了一些在数字时代生活的好的礼貌准则。）”以及下文可知，作者就如何在社交媒体上表现给出了一些建议，故选C。
【41题详解】
篇章结构题。作者在第一段提出问题，在社交媒体上是否要注意举止，在第二段指出牛津大学的研究提出了一些在数字时代生活需要的礼貌准则，所以第一、二段是并列关系。下面三段给出了具体建议，为第二段的展开描述，最后一段进行了总结，所以结构应该是选项B所示，故选B。
C【2020 •天津市东丽区中考二模】
Every year on my birthday since I was 11，a white gardenia （栀子花） was sent to my house．No card ever came with it．Calls to the flower shop were not helpful at all．After some time I stopped trying to find out the sender's name and was just pleased with the beautiful flower，in soft pink paper．
I couldn't stop imagining who the giver might be．Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming（幻想 ）about the sender．My mother encouraged these daydreams．She'd ask me if I had been especially kind to someone．Perhaps it was one of my classmates Perhaps it was the old man who I once helped．As a girl，I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met．
A month before my high school graduation（毕业），my father died．I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my coming graduation dance，and I didn't care whether I had a new dress or not．My mother，in her own sadness，would not let me miss （过） any of those things．She wanted her children to feel loved．In fact，my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia：lovely，strong and perfect．
My mother died ten years after I was married．That was the year the gardenia stopped coming．
51. The writer received on her birthday since she was 11．
A. a white gardenia
B. a card
C. a card and soft pink paper
D. a gardenia and a card
52. The writer was very when she was imagining who sent the flower．
A. happy B. sad
C. worried D. nervous
53. It can be inferred （椎断） from the passage that ．
A. the writer didn't get a new dress for the dance
B. the writer probably joined in the graduation dance
C. the writer's father died ten years earlier than her mother
D. the writer's father received a gardenia on each of his birthdays
54. The writer got the gardenias from on her birthdays．
A. her classmate B. the old man C. the boy D. her mother
55. The passage mainly talks about ．
A. what a gardenia meant
B. what a girl dreamed about
C. how a mother loved her children
D. how a daughter missed her father．
【答案】51. A 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C
【解析】 本文主要描述了母亲对作者的爱，通过事例阐述了母亲如何爱孩子的。
【51题详解】
根据文章第一句Every year on my birthday since I was 11，a white gardenia （栀子花） was sent to my house.可知，作者自从十一岁以来生日上会收到一束栀子花。 故选A。
【52题详解】
根据第二段前两句I couldn't stop imagining who the giver might be．Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming（幻想 ）about the sender可知，作者在想是谁送的花时非常高兴。故选A。
【53题详解】
根据第三段My mother，in her own sadness，would not let me miss （过） any of those things．She wanted her children to feel loved...的描述可推知，作者的妈妈可能会让作者参加毕业聚会，她想让她的孩子感受到爱，希望孩子像栀子花一样：可爱、坚强、完美。故选B。
【54题详解】
根据短文最后一段My mother died ten years after I was married．That was the year the gardenia stopped coming可知，作者的妈妈去世后，就没再收到栀子花，说明生日收到的栀子花是其妈妈送的。故选D。
【55题详解】
根据短文大意可知，本文主要描述了母亲对作者的爱，阐述了母亲如何爱孩子的。所以how a mother loved her children为本文题目最合适。故选C。
D【2020 •浙江省宁波市中考一模】
If you are in charge of a project, the key to success is getting everyone to volunteer to help you. As a director, I point. I suggest. I gently push the actors in the direction I want them to go.
In the 1986 movie, Nothing in Common, Jackie Gleason's character, Max Basner, gets fired from his job as a clothing salesman. The scene, shot on a boat, shows Max's despair about being out of work. I was looking for some gesture that would allow Max to show his feelings.
Jackie had far more experience at everything than I did, and at first I was frightened. What could I possibly tell "The Great One" about acting? Out of fear I decided to direct by suggestion, and sat down with Gleason to talk about the scene. "So Max is sad, right?" I said.
Gleason nodded.
"And he's probably still carrying his pens with name on them ﹣ the ones he used to hand out to his customers, right?"
Gleason nodded.
"So what would you want to do with the pens after you were fired?"
He was silent for a moment, "Why don't I throw them overboard?"
I stood up and turned toward the crew. "Hey, everybody, Jackie has a wonderful idea. Let's shoot it."
After filming the scene, Gleason called me over and smiled at me, "Garry, what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?"
You and your team can discover the answers to problems together. When there are no prizes or gold stars for whoever gets the solution first, you'll all benefit when everything turns out right.
37. What did the writer do to achieve success as a director?
A. He gave orders and instructions directly.
B. He pushed his team hard to follow him.
C. He said repeatedly who had the final say.
D. He guided the actors with great patience. .
38. We can infer that Jackie Gleason was ________ of the film Nothing in Common.
A. the director B. an actor C. the writer D. an character.
39. What did Gleason mean by smiling at the writer?
A. He enjoyed the writer's way of directing films.
B. He was self﹣confident about his acting the next day.
C. He had managed to get over his unpleasant feelings.
D. He had discovered the answers to all the problems. .
40. The purpose of the writer's sharing his filming experience is to tell us________.
A. different ways to direct films
B. skills of working with film stars
C. the key to success in a project
D. a wonderful idea of showing feelings.
【答案】37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】文章告诉我们一个道理：如果您负责一个项目，成功的关键是让每个人都自愿为您提供帮助。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据4-9段出现了很多次Gleason nodded都是在导演提问后的反应，可知导演一直引导着演员，特别有耐心。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段In the 1986 movie, Nothing in Common, Jackie Gleason's character, Max Basner可知Jackie Gleason的角色是Max Basner，所以他是电影中的一位演员。故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段After filming the scene, Gleason called me over and smiled at me, "Garry, what kind of wonderful idea am I going to have tomorrow?"可知Gleason向我微笑着说：“明天我会有什么很棒的想法呢？”可知他很享受作者导演电影的方式。故选A。
【40题详解】
作者意图题。根据第一段If you are in charge of a project, the key to success is getting everyone to volunteer to help you. 可知如果您负责一个项目，成功的关键是让每个人都自愿为您提供帮助。这也是作者为我们分享的。故选C。
E【2020 •浙江省杭州市下城区一模】
Plastic is all around us. It's in the TVs we watch at home, the desks we use at work, and the pens we write with at school, even wrapped around the food we buy. Some people have had enough of plastic, though, and have chosen a new lifestyle. These people have become plasticarians, meaning they try to live life without buying or using plastic.
British student Thomas Smith decided to go plastic-free, telling reporters, "A bit of plastic you had for a second lasts longer than your lifetime." Smith tried to avoid buying anything that had plastic in it, which made getting even the simplest items, like toilet paper, difficult. Over a period of six months, he lost five kilograms in weight and finally gave up.
Beth Terry, a woman in California, has lived mostly plastic-free for more than six years. For Beth, choosing a plasticarian lifestyle came out of concern for the planet and her health. Studies have linked some kinds of plastic to cancer and heart disease, and chemicals in these plastics can influence a baby's development. That's why sonic doctors say it is important that women who arc having babies in their bodies avoid eating food stored in plastic containers.
It's never too late to start reducing the amount of plastic. You can start by giving up bottled water and teas. Instead, buy a reusable stainless-steel bottle and bring drinks from home. You can also buy food from farmers' markets, where fresh produce and meat are not packaged in plastic. Finally, it's better to use soap and shampoo bars that are wrapped in paper than liquid soaps and shampoos that come in plastic bottles.
While cutting plastic out of your life all at once may be too much to manage, every journey begins with one step. Choose one plastic item to live without today, and you will be on your way to a healthier life and a cleaner planet.
12. How does the writer show the fact that plastic is all around us?
A. By telling a story. B. By describing a picture.
C. By giving examples. D. By using numbers.
13. Why did British student Thomas Smith decide to give up plastic?
A. He wanted to experience how to live without plastic in his life.
B. He thought that plastic could help him lose weight.
C. He wanted to be healthier.
D. He wanted to help the environment.
14. Which of the following statements in NOT true, according to the article?
A. You should use a plastic bottle and fill it with water over and over again.
B. You can start to bring drinks from home rather than buy bottled teas at a store.
C. It's better to buy soap and shampoo bars wrapped in paper
D. Studies have shown that chemical in the plastics can be harmful to a baby's development.
15. In the last paragraph, the writer is mainly ________.
A. showing a prediction using plastic in our daily life
B. introducing the results of cutting plastic out of life at once
C expressing a feeling about stopping using plastic things
D. giving advice on cutting down plastic use
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了塑料制品对人类及环境的危害，现在已经有越来越多的人选择无塑料的生活方式，并呼吁大家慢慢远离塑料，过更健康的生活。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“It's in the TVs we watch at home, the desks we use at work, and the pens we write with at school, even wrapped around the food we buy”可知，作者通过举例子的方式，列举了如我们观看的电视、我们工作的桌子、我们写字的钢笔等来证明塑料无处不在。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“A bit of plastic you had for a second lasts longer than your lifetime”可知，我们所使用的塑料制品难以降解，所以他放弃使用塑料是为了保护环境。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。A选项：你应该用一个塑料瓶，一次又一次地往里面灌水。根据“You can start by giving up bottled water and teas”可知，选项错误；B选项：你可以从家里带饮料，而不是去商店买瓶装茶。根据“Instead, buy a reusable stainless-steel bottle and bring drinks from home”可知，选项正确；C选项：最好买纸包装的肥皂和洗发水棒。根据“Finally, it's better to use soap and shampoo bars that are wrapped in paper”可知，选项正确；D选项：研究表明塑料中的化学物质对婴儿的发育有害。根据“Studies have linked some kinds of plastic to cancer and heart disease, and chemicals in these plastics can influence a baby's development”可知，选项正确。故选A。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“…every journey begins with one step. Choose one plastic hem to live without today…”可知，本段主要介绍了减少塑料制品使用的建议，即一步步的减少塑料制品的使用，慢慢远离塑料制品。故选D。
F【2020 •浙江省杭州市江干区中考一模】
Most of us don't like about food until we start feeling hungry, but eating important in life. To talk about food and eating is to talk about one of the most common subjects we know. Eating is just like breathing or sleeping, so every day, so ordinary, it does not receive much notice.
However, what, where, when, how, and with whom we eat say a great deal about who we are. Do you use chopsticks? Do you hold the knife backward? Do you chew with your mouth open? All these eating habits say something about you. They are messages even when we are not trying to say anything. Food and the ways we eat it, like clothes and the way we wear them, tell who and what we are.
We learn our eating habits very early in life. We usually have strong feeling about our childhood foods. Foods we learn to like our early years probably have a special meaning for us forever because they are connected to people and things we love. Mom's cheers or the way Dad cuts the bread crusts just right bringing up feelings of love and comfort.
People use food and eating to mark the seasons and the important moments in life （such as growing up and getting married）, or to honor gods, and to say something about themselves. People will eat different foods for different holidays. Sometimes people ever explain why they eat certain things on certain days. Americans do that sort of explaining at Thanksgiving. They eat Turkey, corn, and Indian pudding because their ancestors（祖先）ate them at the first Thanksgiving. Those foods mean something to Americans.
As you can see, food and eating mark people's shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences. In the sense, we truly are what we eat.
12. You can probably read the article from a magazine about _______________.
A. traveling B. food and culture
C. clothes and fashion D. sports
13. Why do people have strong feeling about childhood foods?
A. Because the foods may connect to the beloved people or things.
B. Because most of the people like eating cheese and bread.
C. Because the cheese made by Mom and Dad tastes delicious.
D. Because people learn the eating habits very early.
14. Which of the following shows the proper structure of this passage?
A. B. C. D.
15. What does the sentence "we truly are what we eat" mean according to the passage?
A. We need to eat healthy food to keep fit. B. The way we eat tells a lot about us.
C. We eat some special food on special days. D. It's the food that makes us different.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】文章介绍了我们中大多数人直到感到饥饿时才会考虑食物，但是饮食在生命中是最重要的。对饮食和食物的讨论是我们现在所知的最基本的话题之一。本文结合食物和饮食习惯从小养成，反映出我们一些信息说明食物和饮食习惯会体现我们是怎样的人。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解及文章的开头Most of us don’t like about food until we start feeling hungry…it does not receive much notice及结尾As you can see, food and eating mark people’s shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences. In the sense, we truly are what we eat.可知，文章主要是说食物和饮食习惯方面的，所以B选项符合，故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中We usually have strong feeling about our childhood foods. Foods we learn to like our early years probably have a special meaning for us forever because they are connected to people and things we love.可知，我们通常对童年的食物有强烈的感情。我们早年学会喜欢的食物可能对我们永远有着特殊的意义，因为它们与我们所爱的人和事有关。故选A。
【14题详解】
篇章结构题。根据文章的描述可以看出，第一段总的指出食物和饮食没有引起人们的重视；第二段指出通过食物和饮食习惯告诉我们是谁和我们是什么样的人；第三四段分别介绍人们饮食习惯很早就已经养成了，人们用食物和食物来纪念季节和生命中的重要时刻；最后一段再次总结食物和饮食习惯标志着人们的不同的经历，所以四个选项中C选项比较符合，故选C。
【15题详解】
句意猜测题。根据前句As you can see, food and eating mark people’s shared experiences, but they can also mark the differences.可知，这里说是食物和饮食习惯能够反映出我们是什么样的人，通过我们的饮食方式可以告诉我们很多关于我们的事情。故选B。
G【2020 •四川省泸州市泸县中考二模】
I was once in a class in which none of the students would ever graduate. Each student in our class seemed to be a troublemaker. None of our teachers had stayed for longer than a week until Mrs Cosby came.
One morning, the door to the classroom opened and a new teacher walked in. It was Mrs Cosby. She looked very kind. And we surely gave her a hard time and thought she wouldn’t stay for more than a week. But no matter what we did, she never got stroppy with us. And slowly we got worried about how to drive her away.
Then came the last day of the first month. She went into the classroom with some pieces of paper in her hands. We feared that the worst would happen---a test. However, it wasn’t a test, but something surprised us. Mrs Cosby gave each of us a piece of paper. On each piece of paper she had written what the student had been good at during the last month. We were surprised, No one had ever encouraged us before she came. We had been always told we were the silliest in the world. But she told us we were intelligent in some way.
From that day we started to believe in ourselves. From that day we stopped making her life hard and began to study really hard. Other teachers couldn’t understand what happened to us. But we knew the reason---each month we got a piece of paper telling us what we were good at from Mrs Cosby.
And then came the day of our graduation. That day Mrs Cosby told us that she was proud of us. She said she knew we were good students and that we could succeed. What we needed was to believe in ourselves.
41. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. The writer failed to graduate from school.
B. Teachers in that school were not friendly.
C. The writer’s class was difficult to deal with.
D. Teachers in the school worked for one week in turn
42. The underlined phrase “got stroppy” probably means “_______________”.
A. 注意 B. 生气 C. 相处 D. 照看
43. What was the worst thing the students fear to do according to the passage?
A. Finishing the homework B. Doing something wrong C. Having a test D. Giving a talk
44. What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A. Mrs Cosby wasn’t proud of her students.
B. All the teachers told the students they were intelligent in the class.
C. Mrs Cosby’s encouragement helped the writer and the classmates a lot.
D. most of the students in the class were full of confidence before Mrs Cosby came.
45. The best title for this passage can be____________.
A. Terrible students B. My English teacher
C. Anyone can become a good student D. The power of encouragement from the teacher
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. C 44. C 45. D
【解析】文章描述了一位因材施教的老师——Cosby。她告诉学生：大家都可以成功，需要做的是相信自己。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Each student in our class seemed to be a troublemaker. None of our teachers had stayed for longer than a week until Mrs Cosby came.”可知我们班的每个学生似乎都是个捣蛋鬼且我们的老师都没有呆过一个星期以上。由此推知，作者的班级很难管理。故选C。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词句的下一句“And slowly we got worried about how to drive her away.”可知孩子们慢慢地开始担心如何把老师赶走。由此推知老师对他们的所作所为一点也不“生气”。故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“We feared that the worst would happen---a test.”可知我们担心最坏的情况是测验。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“She said she knew we were good students and that we could succeed. What we needed was to believe in ourselves.”可知Cosby经常鼓励孩子们，这对同学们帮助很大。故选C。
【45题详解】
最佳标题。根据最后一段“She said she knew we were good students and that we could succeed. What we needed was to believe in ourselves.”可知Cosby经常鼓励孩子们，孩子们更自信，文章介绍了老师鼓励的力量很重要。故选D。