初中英语中考复习 考点39 短文填空之首字母填空-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点39 短文填空之首字母填空-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版），共32页。试卷主要包含了满分技巧等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点39 短文填空之首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。


A
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be c___56___. Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry doesn’t do any good. Neither can a fight. I___57___, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no w___58___ in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to a___59___, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud v___60___ can usually make the attacker stop. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
Learn to r___61___. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a r___62___ way to deal with the problem.
【答案】56. calm
57. Instead
58. winners
59. attack 60. voice
61. refuse 62. right
【解析】
文章主要就如何远离打架提出的三点建议，分别是：保持冷静，大声喊以及学会拒绝。
【56题详解】
句意：冷静点。
根据句意理解及后句Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry doesn’t do any good. Neither can a fight.可知，这里表达的是“要保持冷静”，英语中“冷静的”是calm，是一个形容词，放在keep后面做表语，故答案为calm。
【57题详解】
句意：相反，它可能会给你带来更多的问题。
根据句意理解及前句But being angry doesn’t do any good.和后句it may bring you more problems.可知，这里表达的是相反的意思，表示“相反，反而”，英语是instead，故答案为Instead。
【58题详解】
句意：打架中没有赢家。
根据句意理解及前句everyone involved in a fight will be punished可知，这里表达的是“没有赢家”，英语中“赢家”是winner，而这里说的是“打架没有赢家”，所以应该是多个人，所以要用复数形式，故答案为winners。
【59题详解】
句意：如果你知道有人在你后面想攻击你。
根据句意理解及后句turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away.及后文can usually make the attacker stop.可知，这里表达的是“攻击”，英语是attack，而空格前有to，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为attack。
【60题详解】
句意：响亮的声音通常会使攻击者停止攻击。
根据句意理解及前句loudly say “stop” before walking away.可知，这里表达的是“声音”，且指的是人发出的声音，所以应该用voice，是一个不可数名词，故答案为voice。
【61题详解】
句意：学会拒绝。
根据句意理解及后句Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no.可知，这里表达的是“要学会拒绝”，英语中“拒绝”是refuse，而空格前有to，所以这里用动词原形，故答案为refuse。
62题详解】
句意：帮助他找到正确的方法来处理这个问题。
根据句意理解及前句Then, try to learn why he wants a fight可知，这里表达的是“正确的方法”，英语中“正确的”是right，是一个形容词，在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词way，故答案为right。
B
The Best Language for Learning Math
What is the best language for learning math? Hint (提示)：You are not reading it.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean all have simpler number words. They express math concepts (概念）more c____81____than English. The language gap has drawn lots of attention. Several recent studies have l___82___ weaker math abilities in English-speaking children to English number words.
Chinese, for example, has just ten basic number words. English, however, has more than two dozen (一打). The trouble starts at “e____83____” English has a word for that number. Chinese, Japanese and Korean have words that can be translated as ‘"ten-one” ——spoken with the ‘"ten” first. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value. Students can easily see that the number system is based on units of 10.
English number words over 10 don’t make the place value clear. Words for numbers 13 to 19 change the order of the ones (个位）and tens. Children are more 1____84____ to confuse 17 with 71.
Therefore, children working with English number words have a harder time doing complex (复杂） calculations. They make more m ____85____.
It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” method. When they a___86___ two numbers, Chinese students often break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For example, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. This method greatly helps students work out math problems. Many teachers in America are teaching their students the “make-a-ten” method. However，they are having a hard time because of the confusing English number words.
Now, you should feel 1____87____that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother language, all the math problems have become less difficult and less confusing.
【答案】81. clearly
82. linked 83. eleven
84. likely 85. mistakes
86. add 87. lucky
【解析】
这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述由于英语语言表达数字的原因，英语国家学习数学计算很难；因此在中国学习数学，应该感到很幸运。
【81题详解】
句意：他们解释数学概念比英语更清晰。
express math后用副词修饰，根据“simpler number words”以及首字母可知此处是副词比较级more clearly“表达数学概念更清晰”。故答案为clearly。
【82题详解】
句意：几个最近的研究已经把说英语的国家的孩子弱一点的数学能力与英语数学单词联系起来。
根据“Several recent studies have”可知此处是谓语动词的现在完成时态，缺动词的过去分词；根据“to”及首字母可知此处用动词短语linked…to…表示“把……与……联系起来”。故答案为linked。
【83题详解】
句意：麻烦开始于英语中的11，这个数字有一个单词。
根据“ten-one”以及首字母可知此处讲的是数字11，用eleven。故答案为eleven。
【84题详解】
句意：孩子们更有可能把17和71弄混。
根据“Children are more 1ikely”可知此处用的是sb. be likely to do 的结构，表示“可能做某事”。故答案为likely。
【85题详解】
句意：他们犯更多的错误。
动词make后面缺宾语；根据“have a harder time doing complex calculations”可知此处用make mistakes表示“犯错误”。故答案为mistakes。
【86题详解】
句意：当他们加两个数字，中国的学生常常把数字拆成部分，重组成十位和个位。
此处缺谓语动词；根据“9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4”可知此处表示的是加法。用动词add。故答案为add。
【87题详解】
句意：现在你在中国学数学，你应该觉得幸运。
feel后面缺形容词；根据后一句“Thanks to your mother language, all the math problems have become less difficult and less confusing”以及首字母提示可知此处表示“幸运的”，用lucky作表语。故答案为lucky。
C
We may think today that Donald Trump invented the term, but “fake news” has been around for a while. In the early 19th century, small regional and local papers made their product known and i___56___ their sales with a lot of made-up news articles. The Central Park Zoo Escape, reported on November 9, 1874, is one such event.
The front page of the New York Herald that day reported that v___57___ animals had escaped from the Central Park Zoo. A rhino had fallen into a sewer（下水道） and a lion had been seen walking slowly through a church. The article said that, while the police and National Guard were doing what they could, twenty-seven people had already died and many others had been injured. Readers were scared and armed men were seen in the streets, preparing to p___58___ their loved ones and property by battling the wild animals of the zoo. In their upset, they clearly hadn’t read to the end of the article: the l___59___ line stated that ‘the whole story given above is a pure lie’!
But why was it done? The article was the creation of a reporter named Joseph Clarke. Working alongside his editor, Clarke wanted to highlight the dangerous conditions at the zoo by showing the readers what could happen, not what a___60___ had. They had no idea of the fear it would cause. The paper never apologized for the upset to New Yorkers. I___61___, they ran a short statement requesting that safety conditions at the zoo should be improved.
The l___62___ to learn? Always read right to the end!
The whole story given above is not a pure lie!
【答案】56. increased
57. various
58. protect
59. last 60. actually/already
61. Instead
62. lesson
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，主要介绍纽约先驱报发布报道说动物园的动物跑出来了，人们没有看到新闻的最后一行以为新闻是真的而陷入恐慌。作者告诫读者永远要记得读到最后。
【56题详解】
句意:在19世纪早期，小的地方报纸通过很多编造的新闻文章来让他们的产品出名和增加销量。
根据and可知此处用动词的过去式与made形成并列，根据首字母和“their sales”可知此处用动词increased表示“增加销量”。故答案为increased。
【57题详解】
句意：纽约先驱报的头版报道多种动物从中央公园的动物园跑了。
名词animals前面缺形容词修饰，根据“A rhino…and a lion”可知不止一种动物，此处根据首字母可知用形容词various表示“多种的”。故答案为various。
【58题详解】
句意：读者害怕了，武装人员可在大街上看到，准备着通过与动物园的野兽搏斗来保护他们所爱的人和财物。
此处用的是prepare to do表示“准备好做某事”；根据“their loved ones and property by battling the wild animals of the zoo”及首字母提示可知用动词原形protect表示“保护”。故答案为protect。
【59题详解】
句意：令他们沮丧的是，他们很明显没有读到文章最后，最后一行写着：上面整个故事是个谎言。
名词line前面用形容词修饰，根据“read to the end of the article”及首字母提示可知此处用形容词last表示“最后的”。故答案为last。
【60题详解】
句意：和他的编辑一起，克拉克想要通过显示可能发生的事而不是实际或已经发生的事来给读者强调动物园的危险状况。
had后面省略了happened，动词前副词修饰；根据前文可知报道是一个谎言，事情没有真实的发生或已经发生，根据首字母提示此处用副词already表示“已经”或者actually表示“真实地”。故答案为actually/already。
【61题详解】
句意：取而代之，他们发布了一个简短的说明要求改进动物园的安全状况。
根据“never apologized for the upset to New Yorkers”可知他们没有道歉而采用了另一种方法取而代之，用instead表示“代替，取而代之”。故答案为Instead。
【62题详解】
句意：得到的教训是？
根据“learn”和“Always read right to the end”可知此处讲的是给读者的教训，用名词lesson。故答案为lesson。
D
Roy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house. He is a successful craftsman now. But his life is not a____56____ so great. He had a learning disability from an early age. He went to a school for children like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school. He still suffered(受苦) the rest of his school days in public schools.

His life improved so much when he discovered art. The art world gave him a chance to express himself w_____57_____ words. He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Then he learned an important lesson: Though he was disabled in language, he could still be s____58____ and successfully express himself with clay.

He got his n____59____ lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but he was scared from the start. He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing; it was just p____60____. So he did it more. After about five years of climbing, he found himself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time, he would get better at it. And his confidence came along with it.

Later he found his e____61____ really helpful when learning how to read and write. Every day he spent many hours reading and writing, which he used to a____62____ as much as possible. After two hard years, he could read and write as well as others.
He has gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing. Now he has got to a point in his life where he knows he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting.
【答案】56. always
57. without
58. smart 59. next
60. practice
61. experience
62. avoid
【解析】
本篇讲述从小就有学习障碍的罗伊在公立学校上学，即使得到了很多额外的帮助，他还是备受煎熬；后来艺术给了他一个表达自我的机会，给他的生活带来很大的改善。他经历了艺术、攀岩、阅读和写作的漫长过程，达到他认知所能达到的顶点。
【56题详解】
句意：但他的生活并不总那么美好。
空格在be动词和形容词之间，判断填副词；上文“罗伊现在是一个成功的工匠”和下文“他有学习障碍”可知他的生活并不总那么美好，根据首字母提示，always总是，副词，故答案为always。
【57题详解】
句意：艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会。
空格在名词前，判断填介词；由上文可知罗伊有学习障碍，由此推断空格指艺术给了他一个不用语言就能表达自己的机会；根据首字母提示，without没有……，介词；故答案为without。
【58题详解】
句意：虽然他不善言语，但他仍然可以很聪明，用泥土成功地表达自己。
空格在be动词后面，判断填形容词；虽然他不善言语，但他仍然用泥土成功地表达自己，由此推断空格指他仍然可以很聪明；根据首字母提示，smart聪明的，形容词；故答案为smart。
【59题详解】
句意：他从攀岩中又学到了一个经验。
空格在名词前，判断填形容词；由上文可知，罗伊从艺术中得到了表达自己的机会，由此可知，攀岩是他又一个学习经验；根据首字母提示，next下一个的，形容词；故答案为next。
【60题详解】
句意：他很快发现这不是天资的事，只是练习而已。
空格在be后面，判断填名词当表语；根据上文“He soon found it wasn’t a talent thing”推断空格指罗伊认识到攀岩不是天资的事，只是练习而已；根据首字母提示，practice练习，名词；故答案为practice。
【61题详解】
句意：后来他发现自己的经验对学习如何读和写很有帮助。
空格在形容词性物主代词后面，判断填名词；由上文可知罗伊成功地学会制作陶器和攀岩，由此推断空格指这些经验对他学习如何读和写很有帮助；根据首字母提示，experience经验，名词；故答案为experience。
【62题详解】
句意：他每天花很多时间读书和写作，这是他以前尽量避免的。
由上文可知罗伊从小有学习障碍，即使得到了很多额外的帮助，他还是备受煎熬；由此推断空格指以前尽量避免学习；used to do sth过去常常做某事，由此可知空格填动词原形；根据首字母提示，avoid避免，动词；故答案为avoid。
E
Mom and Dad live in Calverton. On June 28, my parents celebrated 70 years of marriage.
They have been through years of hard work and good times, a___51___ supporting each other.
As a child I remember my parents working side by side for spring, fall, winter, and summer cleaning or working in the yard, or painting and wallpapering.
My parents bought a h___52___ in Elmont. They never believed they'd be able to own their own home, and to them, it was their castle. They worked hard to decorate it and kept i___53___ looking beautiful. They taught us to work hard and to appreciate everything we had.
Mom likes everything—sightseeing, clubs, shopping, anything. Dad, even today, can't u___54___ why she always wants to go out!
Mom is really active with the Red Hatters women's group and her gardening club. Dad spoils (宠坏) her by taking care of the house.
The key to their s___55___ marriage is that they respect each other.
My brother, who is 67, and I (now 69), have always known we are lucky to have such great parents. They have shown us what love is, what hard work is, and what respect is all about.
My daughter and I try to see them almost every weekend w___56___ we play cards together and catch upon the week's news.
My parents are the glue that holds our whole family t___57___ , making holidays and ordinary days special to us all.
I know we are lucky to have them both, even save all of their voice-mail messages, just so I'll have their voice to h___58___ when they are not here. But Mom keeps t___59___ us all that she's definitely (绝对地) going to live to be 100. So we will have a f___60___ more holidays, birthdays, and memories to experience.
【答案】51. always
52. house 53. it
54. understand
55. successful
56. when 57. together
58. hear 59. telling
60. few
【解析】
文章中作者介绍了父母之间的恩爱，父母对生活的态度，以及对他们家人所产生的积极影响。
【51题详解】
句意：他们经过多年的努力和美好的时光，总是互相扶持。根据后文“I remember my parents working side by side for spring, fall, winter, and summer cleaning or working in the yard”一年四季他们在院子里肩并肩的工作，可知他们总是相互扶持；故填always。
【52题详解】
句意：我父母在Elmont买了一个房子。根据“They never believed they'd be able to own their own home”他们从没想过能有自己的家，结合首字母，可知买了一个房子；故填house。
【53题详解】
句意：他们努力工作来装修它，让它看起来漂亮。根据“ decorate it ”装修它，结合首字母，可知让它看起来漂亮；故填it。
【54题详解】
句意：爸爸不能理解为什么她总是想出去。根据“why she always wants to go out”为什么她总是想出去，结合首字母，可知不理解；故填understand。
【55题详解】
句意：他们成功婚姻的关键是互相尊重。根据“ celebrated 70 years of marriage”庆祝结婚70周年，可知婚姻很成功，形容词修饰名词marriage；故填successful。
【56题详解】
句意：我和女儿尽量每个周末去看他们，在那时我们一起打牌、看这周的新闻。根据上句周末去看父母，结合首字母，可知那个时候和他们一起打牌；故填when。
【57题详解】
句意：我父母就是把我们整个家庭粘在一起的胶水。根据胶水，结合首字母，可知是粘在一起；故填together。
【58题详解】
句意：当他们不在的时候，我会听到他们的声音。根据“their voice”，结合首字母，可知是“听”；故填hear。
【59题详解】
句意：但是妈妈坚持告诉我们所有人，她一定会活到100岁。根据上句录下妈妈的声音，等妈妈不在了还能听见妈妈的声音，和下句她一定会活到100岁，结合首字母，可知是“告诉我们”，keep doing坚持做某事；故填telling。
【60题详解】
句意：我们会有更多的假期、生日和回忆可经历。根据上句妈妈说会活到100岁，可知有一些假期、生日；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；故填few。

A（2020 •泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。


Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up.
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿).
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.
It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍诗歌阅读的方法，通过阅读练习能明白诗歌的含义，并加深对诗歌的理解。
71. enough【解析】句意：如果我们足够幸运，我们打开一本书，发现一首诗立刻吸引了我们。lucky后面用副词enough，表示 “足够幸运”。故答案为enough。
72. time【解析】句意：但是通常我们需要花一点时间或一点努力才能真正地懂得一首诗。根据“spend a little”可知此处用 不可数名词time表示“花一点时间”，故答案为time。
73. boring【解析】句意：有时候一首诗第一次读看起来很无聊，多读几遍就变得有趣。根据“on first reading becomes interesting with more reading”可知此处用interesting的反义词boring表示“无聊的”。故答案为boring。
74. later【解析】句意：有时你第一次读一首诗只是情绪不太对，但是后来它会触动你的内心。根据“the first time”以及首字母提示可知此处用副词later表示“后来”。故答案为later。
75. diary【解析】句意：当你读诗的时候，随手记日记。不定冠词a后面用单数名词；此处用动词短语keep a diary表示“记日记”，故答案为diary。
76. guess【解析】句意：不要跳过这些单词或者试着猜测它们含义，去查找它们的含义。此处用try to do。根据“instead of”可知前面部分否定了跳过单词和猜测单词含义的做法，而肯定后者“look them up”。此处用动词原形guess。故答案为guess。
77. because【解析】句意：而且，一个诗人的阅读很有帮助因为我们从诗人强调和停顿的地方可以明白诗歌的含义。后面是讲述的原因，此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故答案为because。
78. what【解析】句意：在你读完一首诗歌之后，花一点时间思考它在说什么。consider后面是宾语从句；it指的是“a poem”，此处表达“读的这首诗歌在说什么”，宾语从句的引导词用what。故答案为what。
79. through【解析】句意：有时候，通过重复阅读，诗歌的含义能更好地被理解。此处是方式状语，用介词through表示“通过”，故答案为through。
80. hard【解析】句意：很难说阅读诗歌方式是对是错，但是阅读练习会丰富你的体验，增加你的乐趣，加深你对诗歌的理解。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，此处表示“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，根据首字母提示用形容词hard。故答案为hard。
B（2020 •徐州市）
A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
61. who【解析】句意：每个人都默不作声，等着看谁会被叫来大声朗读他或她的文章。根据语境可知，我们等着看谁会被叫起来大声朗读自己的文章，故此处应用who引导宾语从句，作宾语从句的主语。故答案为who。
62. part【解析】句意：我们中有些人很自信，迫不及待地想参加班级活动；有些人则很紧张。根据语境可知，我们中有些人迫不及待地想参加班级活动，take part in参加，固定短语。故答案为part。
63. afraid/ashamed【解析】句意：我已经做了家庭作业，但我很害羞——我不敢在一大群人面前讲话/我羞于在一大群人面前讲话。根据前文“but I was shy”可知，我做了家庭作业，但是我很害羞，羞于/害怕在很多人前讲话。be afraid/ashamed to do sth害怕/羞于做某事，固定短语。故答案为afraid/ashamed。
64. once/often【解析】句意：那一刻，我想起父亲曾经/经常说：“教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。”根据语境可知，那一刻我想到了父亲经常说的话/曾经说过的话，故此处应为副词once/often曾经/经常。故答案为once/often。
65. includes【解析】句意：教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。根据语境可知，教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。includ包括，动词，根据句中is可知，本句为一般现在时，主语The classroom为第三人称单数，故此处应用其单三形式。故答案为includes。
C（2020 •盐城市）
（三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh?
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London.
On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.

Lots of love
Cynthia
这篇短文讲述的是作者爸爸的生日快到了，他们决定去伦敦玩几天来庆祝一下。文章中介绍了他们去伦敦后的行程安排。
71. birthday【解析】句意：你猜怎么着——下周是我爸爸四十岁的生日，所以我们要去伦敦庆祝一下！根据空前40th和句中的celebrate“庆祝”可知，这里应表示“四十岁生日”，考查birthday，是一个名词。故答案为birthday。
72. arrive【解析】句意：我们一到那里，就去游览城市。根据文意可知，作者一家决定去伦敦，句中“go on a tour of the city”去这个城市游览，所以这里表示“到达那里”，考查arrive，是一个动词；短文以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主，as soon as引导的从句中应用一般现在时，动词用原形。故答案为arrive。
73. interest【解析】句意：这样，我们几乎可以看到伦敦的每一个名胜古迹。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语place of interest，意为“名胜古迹”，interest是名词，意为“兴趣”。故答案为interest。
74. Friday【解析】句意：星期五早上，我们要去泰特现代美术馆。根据上一段“We're flying over on Thursday evening.”和下一段“Saturday is for…”可知，作者一家星期四出发，下一段提到了星期六，因此这一段说的是星期五的行程。故答案为Friday。
75. far【解析】句意：因为离我们住的旅馆不远，我们要去伦敦眼。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语be far from…“离……远”，far是形容词，意为“远的”。故答案为far。
76. wait【解析】句意：我迫不及待地想从那里看到国会大厦！根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查wait，意为“等，等待”，用于句型can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待去做某事”。故答案为wait。
77. shopping【解析】句意：星期六是购物的日子。下文“Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a…we'll visit Harrods-the most famous shop in London!”提到了买东西和伦敦最出名的商店，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查shop，意为“购物”。空前for是介词，这里应填动名词形式。故答案为shopping。
78. present【解析】句意：妈妈建议我买一个玩具熊给我的表弟作为礼物。根据文意和常识可知，作者一家出去游玩，买东西送给表弟，当然是给他的礼物。因此这里考查的是present，是一个名词，意为“礼物”，空前有a修饰，名词用单数。故答案为present。
79. enjoy【解析】句意：爸爸对此不太高兴，但我相信他在那儿会很高兴的。句中but表示转折，现在爸爸对此不高兴，但等到了那儿他就会高兴的。结合单词首字母，这里考查enjoy，意为“喜欢”。空前he’ll是he will的缩写，后面跟动词原形，故答案为enjoy。
80. plane【解析】句意：星期天上午，我们去海德公园，下午乘飞机回家。空前by表示“乘坐（交通工具）”，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查的是plane，意为“飞机”。故答案为plane。
D（2020 •扬州市）
根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career?
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
本文介绍作者和妻子因为家庭变故举家搬回祖国巴西的经历。
66. wondered【解析】句意：我们想知道我们是否应该搬回到我们的祖国巴西。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“想知道”，可用wonder表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填wondered。
67. missed【解析】句意：我的妻子也想念我们的故乡。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“思念”，可用miss表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填missed。
68. easier【解析】句意：作为一名音乐家，对她来说在巴西工作将会更容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作表语，表示“容易的，简单的”，可用easy表示，分析语境可知，此处暗含比较含义，所以用其形容词比较级形式。故填easier。
69. sadness【解析】句意：儿子出生带给我的巨大幸福突然化为深深的悲痛。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“悲痛”，可用sadness表示，sadness是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填sadness。
70. return【解析】句意：我们毫不怀疑这就是回到巴西的正确时间。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示“返回，回到”，可用return表示，用于“it is the+ adj+ time to do sth”结构中，所以用其原形即可。故填return。
71. both【解析】句意：我们申请了家乡一所大学的教授职位，并且两人都收到了录用通知。根据首字母提示和前半句“We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown”可知，此处表示“两者都”，可用both表示，指代前半句中的we，所以用其原形即可。故填both。
72. However【解析】句意：然而，在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中构成转折关系，表示“然而”，可用however表示，用于句首需大写首字母。故填However。
73. afford【解析】句意：现在，多亏了巴西的资助，我拥有了一个由聪明的年轻科学家组成的团队，并且能负担得起昂贵的实验室资源。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“负担得起”，可用afford表示，又因为用于情态动词can之后，所以用其动词原形即可。故填afford。
74. culture【解析】句意：我们过着我们想要的生活——从事有意义的研究，感觉离我们家乡的家庭和文化更近了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“文化”，可用culture表示，culture是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填culture。
75. away【解析】句意：我开始进行巴西柔术训练，这是我多年来在外面无法做到的。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作状语，表示“在外面”，可用away表示，所以用其副词形式即可。故填away。
E（2020 •镇江市）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died.
Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities.
Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.
本文是一篇说明文，把玫瑰比喻作人的优点，人们要做的是找出这些优点并呵护它们。
46. carefully【解析】句意：他种下了一朵玫瑰，并小心翼翼地为它浇水。空格处所给首字母为c。根据下文Because of this idea, he lost interest in this kind of plant可知，这个人原本对这朵玫瑰充满了兴趣，所以照料起来也是十分仔细、小心翼翼的。carefully作副词，意为“小心翼翼地”，修饰谓语watered，故答案为carefully。
47. How【解析】句意：长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？空格处所给首字母为H。根据下文then he gave up watering the rose可知，玫瑰长有刺让他无法接受，故此处说的是“长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？”。故答案为How。
48. idea【解析】句意：因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣。空格处所给首字母为i。根据上文How can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?可知，此处说的是“因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣”。idea作名词，意为“想法”，空格前为指示代词this，故idea应用单数形式，故答案为idea。
49. before【解析】句意：在它准备开花前，它就枯死了。空格处所给首字母为b。根据上文then he gave up watering the rose可知，他不再给玫瑰浇水了，所以花开之前，花就枯死了。before作介词，意为“在……之前”，符合句意，故答案为before。
50. every/each/ everyone's/everybody's【解析】句意：每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为e。结合上下文Good qualities are just like roses和The good qualities planted in us at birth可知，一个人的好品质就像玫瑰，此处说的是“每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰”。故答案为every/ each/ everyone’s/ everybody’s。
51. ourselves【解析】句意：我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点。空格处所给首字母为o。根据下文We lose heart, thinking that nothing good can possibly come from us可知，此处说的是“我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点”。ourselves作反身代词，意为“我们自己”，符合句意，故答案为ourselves。
52. nothing【解析】句意：我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质。空格处所给首字母为n。根据上文Many of us look at ourselves and we only see our weaknesses可知，很多人只看到了自己的缺点，故此处说的是“我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质”。nothing作代词，意为“没有什么”，符合句意，故答案为nothing。
53. gift(s)【解析】句意：我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋。空格处所给首字母为g。根据上文We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die可知，人们放弃了发现培养自己的好品质，任由它们渐渐消失，故此处说的是“我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋”。gift作名词，意为“天赋”，此处无明显提示词，故名词gift可用单数或复数形式，故答案为gift(s)。
54. discover【解析】句意：所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为d。根据上文Someone may not see the rose in himself可知，有些人没有发现自己所拥有的玫瑰（指好品质），故此处说的是“所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰”。discover作动词，意为“发现”，且位于help sb. do sth.结构中，故答案为discover。
55. encourage【解析】句意：同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正。空格处所给首字母为e。根据下文face his weaknesses bravely and correct them可知，一个人要面对自己的弱点并改正它们是需要很大的勇气的，所以要鼓励他们去这么做。故此处说的是“同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正”。encourage作动词，意为“鼓励”，空格前为情态动词should，故encourage应用原形，故答案为encourage。
F（2020 •上海市）
"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner．
"We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said．
"Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered．
The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said．
"Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal，"，said Mum．
"We can have cabbage，"Henry said．
After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought，as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner．
It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner!
"I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal!
"I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table．
"It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said．
Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again．
文章主要讲Herry因对晚饭所吃的食物不满而爸妈提议以后让他自己做饭的故事。故事中，Herry按照计划好的菜单计划去购物，然后花了差不多两个小时的时间做好饭，最后他的妹妹却说不喜欢卷心菜。这时，他才意识到做大家都满意的饭菜是很难的，并意识到了每次父母吃饭时的感受，最后他得到了父母的理解并释怀了，以后再也不会在吃饭时生气了。
81．complained【解析】句意：这是亨利本周第二次抱怨他的晚餐了。考查动词。由上文“Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!...I'm not eating this!”可知，“亨利不喜欢吃肉丸——他对晚饭不满”。那么，结合首字母提示可知空格处表示“抱怨（complain）”。再根据句子结构（had+过去分词）可知，题干应用过去完成时。故答案为complained。
82．plan【解析】句意：亨利坐下来写用餐计划。考查名词。由下文“We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“亨利坐下来写用餐计划”，所以空格处应填plan，“计划”，名词。故答案为plan。
83．else【解析】句意：除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？考查形容词。由下文“We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？”所以空格处应填else，“其他的”，形容词，常用于不定代词后。故答案为else。
84．first【解析】句意：他买完东西后，该是他做第一顿饭的时间了。考查序数词。根据上下文及首字母提示可知，“这是亨利第一次做饭”，所以此空应填first，“第一”，序数词。故答案为first。
85．hungry【解析】句意，当晚饭终于做好了，Herry（感到）又累又饿。考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填hungry，“饥饿的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故答案为hungry。
86．impossible【解析】句意：但要让每个人对每顿饭的每一部分都感到高兴是不可能的！考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填impossible，“不可能的”，形容词。It is/was+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.是固定句式，意为“（对某人而言）做某事是……”。故答案为impossible。
87．realize【解析】句意：他开始意识到他父母每次吃饭时的感受。考查动词。begin to do sth.开始做某事，固定搭配。再根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填realize，“意识到”，动词。故答案为realize。
【点睛】
题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力。做题时，应先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来，推出所需单词，然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式。
G（2020 •四川攀枝花）
Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．.
When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．about you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever.
本文是一篇说明文，阐述了母爱是世界上最真实、伟大的爱。并且详细阐述了在一个人成长的过程中，母爱是如何伴随着我们。
61．When【解析】句意：当你还是一个小婴儿，母亲尽可能多地照顾你。此处引导一个从句，根据首字母w，可知是表时间，用when引导，意为“当……时”，故答案为When。
62．arms【解析】句意：当你醒着时，她总是把你搂在臂弯中。此处作介词in的宾语，用名词；根据前文holds you，可知此处是arm手臂，此处用复数，表示“双臂中”，故答案为arms。
63．herself【解析】句意：当你生病了，她立刻停下工作，日日夜夜地照顾你，忘了她自己。此处作介词about的宾语，又指的是主语mother，可知用反身代词，故答案为herself。
64．growing【解析】句意：当你一天天长大，母亲非常开心。此处和其前be动词构成现在进行时be doing，可知填现在分词；根据语境和首字母g，可知是动词短语grow up长大，故答案为growing。
65．enough【解析】句意：当你年龄大到足够去上学，妈妈仍然一直照顾着你。此处修饰其前形容词old，应该用副词；根据首字母e，可知是enough足够，是副词，构成固定搭配be+adj.+enough+to do，意为“足够……做某事”，故答案为enough。
66．from【解析】句意：她总是站在风中，等你从学校回来。此处缺介词，根据首字母f，可知是from，意为“从……”，故答案为from。
67．worried【解析】句意：当你几乎不吃早餐，匆忙离开家去学校，她总是在家担心着你。此处作表语，构成固定词组feel worried about，意为“担心”，故答案为worried。
68．spends【解析】句意：她通常知道你的学习情况，花许多钱在你的学习资料上。此处和前文knows一起作并列谓语，可知也用动词三单；根据固定搭配spend money on sth.，意为“花费金钱在某事上”，可知用spend，主语为she，故答案为spends。
69．face【解析】句意：当你在学校表现好了，最明亮的笑容会出现在她脸上。此处作介词on的宾语，用名词；根据前文说是微笑，可知此处是face脸，是名词，空格前为her，名词用单数，故答案为face。
70．has【解析】句意：母亲总是准备把她拥有的一切给孩子，但从不奢求回报。此处作定语从句的谓语，根据宾语为everything，可知此处是have，意为“拥有”；根据主语she为三单，可知动词也用三单，故答案为has。
H（2020 •天津市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’? This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home?
What do you like best about being at home? Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks? Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on? Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home?
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house? When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home”?可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
58．another【解析】句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
59．bed【解析】句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
63．together【解析】句意：当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
64．help【解析】句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。

A（2020 •天津市东丽区2018届九年级中考第二次模拟）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
When you have dinner, you follow table manners（社交礼仪）. When you have a l____76____, you obey the rules in the classroom. But have you ever thought about needing to m____77____ your manners in the digital (数码的) world when you use phones, e­mails and social media（社交媒体）, like QQ, WeChat, etc?
A new research by Oxford University noted, “It's just important to treat people with respect online as it is in real life.” The study came up with some rules of good manners to live by in the digital age. Their first a_____78_____is not “over­sharing” on social media, which means not posting every detail about your life online, because some of us are not creative e____79____ to always show off our thoughts and lives on social media. The manners also i___80___ not looking through others' phones and not gossiping (说闲话) about others over messages, e___81___when you choose “reply all” to send a message to a group of people.
Although gossip is not h_____82_____ chat that can make conversations exciting, it can also be a way to spread something untrue about other people. Gossip can be even stronger on social media than in real life, so it's b_______83_______ not to gossip.
Besides, when you have bad news for someone, do not leave text messages on social media, chat with him or her by c_____84_____ or sending personal messages.
Nowadays technology has o_____85_____ us different ways to contact others. It is important to remember how to behave（表现；举止端庄）toward others online.
【答案】76. lesson 77. mind 78. advice 79. enough 80. include 81. especially
82. harmful 83. better 84. calling 85. offered
【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了吃饭要遵守餐桌礼仪，上课要遵守班级规则，在数码网络世界，我们也要遵守数码时代的规则。牛津大学的一项研究给出了网络时代要遵守的礼仪规则。
【76题详解】
当你上课的时候，你遵守教室里的规则。根据句意，故填lesson.
【77题详解】
但是你曾经想过在数码世界中使用手机，电子邮件，像QQ，微信等社交软件时需要介意你的礼仪吗？根据句意及首字母提示，故填mind.
【78题详解】
他们的第一个建议是不在社交软件上过分分享。根据上文及句意，故填advice.
【79题详解】
因为我们中的一些人在社交网站炫耀我们的想法和生活不够有创造力。根据句意，故填enough.
【80题详解】
这些礼仪也包括不浏览其他人的照片，不就他人的信息说闲话。根据句意，故填include.
【81题详解】
尤其是当你选择‘全部回复’发送给一群人时。根据上下文及句意，故填especially.
【82题详解】
尽管说闲话不是有害的聊天。根据句意，故填harmful.
【83题详解】
根据上文，可知不说闲话更好些，故填better.
【84题详解】
当你有某人的坏消息时，不要在社交软件上留下文字信息，通过私信和他（她）聊聊。根据句意，故填calling.
【85题详解】
现在的技术提供给我们不同的联系他人的方式。重要的是记住怎么样在网上对待他人。故填offered.
B（2020 •江苏省南京市建邺区中考二模）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Chinese delivery ( 递 送 ) driver, Gao Zhixiao, appeared on the cover of Time magazine in March b____66____he was picked by the magazine as one of the heroes.
Ever since COVID-19 broke out many restaurants shut down or offered takeout-only s_____67_____. Millions of people have been staying home to prevent t____68____getting ill. People choose to order food online instead of going out. As a result, delivery orders greatly increased.
Gao was born into a poor family in Ningxia. He left for Beijing after graduating from middle school. A ____69____ trying his hand as a dishwasher, assistant cook, and many other jobs, he worked as a deliveryman in 2012. When the novel coronavirus broke out, Gao g_____70_____ up his train ticket to go back home during the Spring Festival and continued working because he thought customers might be in need.
Late this February, Gao received a s _____71_____ order that asked him to send medicine for coronavirus patients. He thought for a moment and picked up the order. B____72____delivering goods, Gao once warm-heartedly cooked for an elderly customer who was living alone at her home. Gao said, “I’m an ordinary person, and I just do w____73____I am supposed to.”
On March 19, Time magazine p_____74_____six covers for its coronavirus issue under the theme “When the world stops”. If not for riders l_____75_____Gao, many families would be infected (感染) while shopping or buying food.
【答案】66. because 67. service 68. themselves 69. After 70. gave
71. special 72. Besides 73. what 74. published 75. like
【解析】文章讲述的是骑手高志晓今年3月登上《时代》杂志封面，因为他在疫情爆发时期的表现被《时代》杂志选为英雄人物之一的故事。
【66题详解】
句意：因为他被《时代》杂志选为英雄人物之一。
根据句意理解及前句Chinese delivery ( 递 送 ) driver, Gao Zhixiao, appeared on the cover of Time magazine in March以及首字母提示可知，这里是解释前句的原因，所以表达的是“因为”，故答案为because。
【67题详解】
句意：自从COVID-19爆炸后，许多餐馆关闭或只提供外卖服务。
根据句意理解及空格前的many restaurants shut down or offered takeout可知，这里表达的是“服务”，英语是service，是一个名词，故答案为service。
【68题详解】
句意：数百万人一直呆在家里以防生病。
根据句意理解可知，这里表达的是“防止自己生病”，所以这里应该是表达“自己”，而句子主语是Millions of people，所以这里应该用themselves，故答案为themselves。
【69题详解】
句意：在尝试了洗碗工、助理厨师和其他许多工作之后，他在2012年成为了一名外卖员。
根据句意理解及后句he worked as a deliveryman in 2012.可知，这里表达的是“在……之后”，英语是after，空格位于句首，所以首字母要大写，故答案为After。
【70题详解】
句意：当新冠病毒爆发时，高志晓放弃了春节回家的火车票。
根据句意理解及后句continued working because he thought customers might be in need.可知，这里表达的是“放弃”，英语是give up，而动作是发生在过去，所以这里应该用过去时，故答案为gave。
【71题详解】
句意：今年2月下旬，高志晓收到一份特别的订单。
根据句意理解及后句that asked him to send medicine for coronavirus patients.可知，这里是一份“特别”的订单，英语中“特别的”是special，是一个形容词，修饰后面的名词，故答案为special。
【72题详解】
句意：除了送货，高志晓还曾热情地为一位独居的老年顾客做饭。
根据句意理解及后句Gao once warm-heartedly cooked for an elderly customer who was living alone at her home.可知，这里表达的是“除……之外还有”，英语是besides，是一个介词，位于句首，首字母要大写，故答案为Besides。
【73题详解】
句意：我是一个普通人，我只是做我应该做的事。
根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知，空格是引导宾语从句的引导词，且在从句中做的是宾语，所以应该用what引导，故答案为what。
【74题详解】
句意：3月19日，《时代》杂志以“当世界停止时”为主题，为其冠状病毒问题出版了六个封面。
根据句意理解及空格后的six covers for its coronavirus issue可知，这里表达的是“出版”，而动作是发生在过去，所以这里用过去时，故答案为published。
【75题详解】
句意：如果不是像高志晓这样的骑手，很多家庭在购物或购买食物时会被感染。
根据句意理解及空格后的Gao可知，这里表达的是“像”，英语是like，是一个介词，故答案为like。
C（2020 •江苏省徐州市铜山区、睢宁县、邳州市等六区县（市）中考二模）
In my memory, there is one thing that I will never forget, which t ____61____ me an important lesson.
Last year, I did badly in an exam and got a low mark. Being a____62____ of being punished by my parents, I told them I got a high mark. However, when my father attended the parents' meeting, he knew the t____63____. It was strange that he didn't shout at me but talked with me p____64____, Finally, I admitted my mistake and made up my mind to study hard.
From the thing I know it's wrong to tell 1____65____. As students, we should try our best to study hard to get high marks instead of cheating(欺骗) parents.
【答案】61. taught/ teaches 62. afraid 63. truth 64. patiently/ peacefully 65. lies
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在考试中成绩不佳，因为害怕父母责备，所以向父母撒谎。在父亲知道真相后，不但没有责备，还和他平静地讲话，让他明白了撒谎是不对的。
【61题详解】
句意：在我的记忆中，有一件事我永远不会忘记，它给我上了重要的一课。
考查动词。根据句意可知此处需要填写定语从句的谓语动词，且定语从句可以用一般过去时或者一般现在时。根据后半句lesson，可知此处可填写teach，表示“教”，过去式形式为taught，三单形式为teaches。故填taught/ teaches。
【62题详解】
句意：害怕被父母惩罚，我告诉他们我得了高分。
考查形容词。根据前一句“I did badly in an exam and got a low mark.”我考试考得不好，分数很低。又根据“I told them I got a high mark.”我告诉他们我得了高分。可以推断说谎是因为害怕被父母惩罚。afraid形容词，害怕的，be afraid of害怕；故填afraid。
【63题详解】
句意：然而，当我父亲参加家长会时，他知道了真相。
考查名词。根据空格前定冠词the，可知此处填写名词。根据前句句意，可知父亲去参加家长会，知道了事情的真相。truth名词，真相。故填truth。
【64题详解】
句意：奇怪的是，他没有对我大喊大叫，而是耐心地（平静地）和我说话。
考查副词。根据前半句“he didn't shout at me but talked with me…”他没有对我大喊大叫，而是和我说话……。根据句意可知此处需要填写副词，用来修饰动词talked，父亲没有和我大喊大叫，取而代之是和我耐心地（平静地）说话。patiently副词，耐心地；peacefully副词，平静地。故填patiently/peacefully。
【65题详解】句意：从这件事上我知道说谎是不对的。
考查名词。根据空格前动词tell，可知此处填写名词，作宾语。根据文意可知作者因为考试成绩不好所以撒谎。lie名词，谎言，tell lie说谎，此处需要填写名词复数。故填lies。
D（2020 •江苏省南通市海门市中考二模）
A girl complained to her father about her hard life. She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up. She was t ____66____ of fighting and fighting. One problem had been f ___67___ another came over.
Her father, cook, took her into the kitchen. He poured water into three pans(锅) and boiled it. When the water was boiling, in the first pan he put some carrots, in the second he put some eggs and in the last he put some coffee. He waited for them for a few minutes w____68____ any words.
The girl waited impatiently, not knowing why her father was doing that. About 20 minutes later, her father turned off the stove, took out the carrots and put them in a bowl. He took out the eggs and put them in a ___69___ bowl. After that the coffee was poured into a cup. Turning back to his daughter, he asked, "My sweet heart, what do you s____70____ ?""Carrots, eggs and coffee", she answered.
Her father told her to close her eyes and let her touch the carrots. She did so and f ___71___. that the carrots were soft. After that he asked her to take eggs and b ____72____ them. Then, she got the eggs, warm and hard. At last, the father asked her to smell the coffee. She asked, "What did you do this for, Father?" He e ____73____ that each one had had the same unlucky experience the boiling water, but each had a d ____74____ result. The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard after being cooked. The coffee was very special and it c ____75____ the water "Who are you?" asked her father.
【答案】66. tired 67. finished 68. without 69. another 70. see 71. felt 72. break 73. explained 74. different 75. changed
【解析】
文章讲述了一个女孩向父亲抱怨生活艰辛，她不知道怎么做，因此想放弃；父亲通过用开水煮鸡蛋、胡萝卜和咖啡，这三样东西得到了不同的结果，来告诉她怎么面对困难。
【66题详解】
句意：她厌烦了不停地拼搏。
A girl complained to her father about her hard life. 一个女孩向她的父亲抱怨生活的艰辛，和wanted to give up想放弃，结合首字母，可知是be tired of doing厌倦做某事；故填tired。
【67题详解】
句意：一个问题结束另一个又来了。
根据上句fighting and fighting拼搏再拼搏，和 another came over另一个又来了，结合首字母，可知是finish结束，根据had been可知是过去完成时的被动语态；故填finished。
【68题详解】
句意：他等它们几分钟，没有说话。
根据The girl waited impatiently, not knowing why her father was doing that. 这个女孩等的不耐烦了，不知道她父亲为什么那样做；结合首字母，可知是without没有说话；故填without。
【69题详解】
句意：他拿出鸡蛋，把它们放到另一个碗里。
根据took out the carrots and put them in a bowl.拿出胡萝卜放到一个碗里，结合首字母，可知鸡蛋放到另一个碗里，another另一个；故填another。
【70题详解】
句意：你看到了什么？
Carrots, eggs and coffee胡萝卜，鸡蛋和咖啡，结合首字母，可知问看见了什么，根据do可知是一般现在时态，谓语动词用原形；故填see。
【71题详解】
句意：她那样做了，感觉胡萝卜是软的。
根据 close her eyes and let her touch the carrots闭上眼睛摸胡萝卜，可知是感觉；由did可知是过去时态，feel的过去式felt；故填felt。
【72题详解】
句意：他让她拿出鸡蛋打破它们。
she got the eggs, warm and hard她拿到鸡蛋，又温暖又硬；结合首字母，可知是break打破，ask sb. to do sth.让某人做某事；故填break。
73题详解】
句意：他解释每一个都有在沸水中不幸的经历，但是每一个有不同的结果。
What did you do this for, Father?你为什么那样做，爸爸？结合首字母，可知是爸爸explain解释，根据文章可知是过去时态；故填explained。
【74题详解】
句意：他解释每一个都有在沸水中不幸的经历，但是每一个有不同的结果。
The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard after being cooked. 硬的胡萝卜经过开水后变软了，鸡蛋变硬了；结合首字母，可知是different不同的结果；故填different。
【75题详解】句意：咖啡非常特殊，它改变了水。
the father asked her to smell the coffee爸爸让她闻咖啡，可知咖啡放到开水里，水的味道变了，根据 was very special 可知是过去时态；故填changed。
E（2020 •上海市青浦区中考二模）
A Welcoming Way to Show China to the World
Modern life is not easy and full of stress. It will be nicer to get away from all the noise and congestion（拥挤）and live a simpler life in the countryside. This is what popular vlogger（网络视频录制者）Li Ziqi did.
Li was raised on a farm by her grandparents, but at the age of 14 she left the farm to work in the city. However, she found that city life was d____56____ and decided to move back to the countryside. “When I worked in the city, it was only about survival,” she said, “In the countryside, I am t____57____living.”
When Li was back, she began making videos about her daily life and posting them to the Internet. She now has more than 20 million followers on Sina Weibo and over 7.5 million subscribers on YouTube. Her fans admire the way she makes e___58___ by herself: growing food and preparing traditional Chinese dishes, cutting down bamboo and making furniture, dyeing（染色）cloth and making her own clothes. The videos are beautifully made, but Li says she hopes her videos can provide people with e____59____ as well as fun. “I want people in the city to know where their food comes from. Some children b____60____ rice grows on trees!”
The idyllic（田园诗般的）countryside life Li shows has the magical power of making people feel comfortable and relaxed. When we talk about Chinese culture, the first things that come to many people might be bullet trains, 5G technology and fast-developing cities. However, it is actually the more traditional side of China that is much more a____61____ to people from other cultures. Through her videos, Li lets the world know that Chinese people are good at making works of a____62____ out of even the simplest materials — this is definitely a way to show China to the world.
【答案】56. difficult
57. truly 58. everything
59. education
60. believe
61. attractive
62. art
【解析】
本文主要介绍了李子柒的生活，她田园般的生活无疑是向世界展示中国传统文化的一种方式。
【56题详解】
句意：但是，她发现城市的生活是困难的，然后决定搬回农村住。
根据下文“it was only about survival”只是生存，可知，她认为城市的生活是困难的，故填difficult。
【57题详解】
句意：在乡下，我才是真正地生活。
根据上文“it was only about survival”，可知，她认为城市只是生存，而在农村才是真正的生活；空格处修饰动词am living，用副词形式，故填truly。
【58题详解】
句意：她的粉丝们钦佩她自己做每件事的方式：种植食物和准备中国传统菜肴、砍掉竹子和做家具、染色（印染）布和自己做衣服。
根据下文“growing food and preparing traditional Chinese dishes, cutting down bamboo and making furniture, dyeing（染色）cloth and making her own clothes.”可知，是她做每件事，故填everything。
【59题详解】
句意：这些视频制作得非常美丽，但是李说她希望她的视频可以给人们提供教育和乐趣。
根据下文“I want people in the city to know where their food comes from.”她想让城市的人知道食物是哪里来的。可知，她想提供一些教育性的东西，故填education。
【60题详解】
句意：一些孩子认为大米长在树上。
认为，相信，动词，believe。主语为children，故动词用原形，故填believe。
【61题详解】
句意：然而，对其他文化的人来说，中国更传统的一面更具吸引力。
根据上文“提到中国，很多人会想到5G技术高铁等”，however表示转折，而传统的一面更加有吸引力。有吸引力，形容词，attractive，故填attractive。
【62题详解】
句意：通过她的视频，李让世界知道，中国人擅长用最简单的材料制作艺术品——这绝对是向世界展示中国的一种方式。艺术，名词，art。空格处表示制作艺术品，故填art。