初中英语中考复习 秘籍09 情态动词-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 秘籍09 情态动词-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版），共8页。试卷主要包含了 情态动词的意义；， 情态动词的基本句型；， 情态动词的基本用法，can’t和mustn’t等内容，欢迎下载使用。
秘笈09 情态动词 考点 1 情态动词情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目，也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 情态动词的意义；2. 情态动词的基本句型；3. 情态动词的基本用法。考向1 情态动词的用法情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力，意为＂能，会＂I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于mayShe said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？【知识拓展】1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。—Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?—Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。may/might表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉—Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?—Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。【知识拓展】1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?—Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不，不可以。2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，maynot/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。must表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。【知识拓展】1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？—Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。2. must和have to的区别：①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。will表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗?表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。would作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】would like意为＂愿意，想要＂；would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生?用于第二、三人称陈述句时，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。shouldshall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ need表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗?You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。【知识拓展】need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t.—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?—Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不，他不需要。have to表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(=needn’t)My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。1.can 和be able tocan 只有现在时和过去时could。be able to有现在时、过去时和将来时。2.can’t和may notcan’t语气肯定，表示“不可能”。may not语气不肯定，表示“可能不”。3.must和have tomust表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”。have to强调客观需要，意为“不得不”。4.can’t和mustn’tcan’t意为“不可能”，表示推测。mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，不表示推测。1、情态动词can、may、must表示语气和情态，人称与数无变化，动词原形跟着它。2、情态动词两要点：动词原形跟后面，说话语气较委婉。cab表“能力”，may表“许可”，must 表“责任”或“义务”，否定回答needn't换，"需要”need，dare“敢”。should“应该”，would“愿”，have to“被迫”表客观。3、may（might)与must：否定may用mustn't，否定must用needn't。祝愿句中只用may，把握不大用might。need的用法：实义动词表"需要“，后接名、代和不定式。need后面接动名词，主动形式表被动。情态动词表”需要“，没有时态、数、人称。其后直接跟动词，多用于疑问和否定。名词need表”需要“，平时也可常用到。4、情态动词ought to与should：ought to，should两相通，语气ought to比较重。该做没做用完成。5、情态动词shall：shall二三人称用，允诺、命令、要求加警告；shall问句表征询，一三人称用得妙。1．（2019·长沙市开福区青竹湖湘一外国语学校初三月考）We _____wash our hands with soap and tap water after going out. In this way, we _____ keep ourselves safe.A．can’t; must     B．must; can       C．can; must2．（2019·达拉特旗第九中学初三一模）When I write down what I am showing thanks to, it’s always for things that money _____ buy.A．needn’t         B．shouldn’t       C．may not         D．can’t3．（2019·北京清华附中初三月考）—_____ I cover my mouth and nose when I cough, mom?—Yes, you should. Otherwise, it’s bad for people around you.A．Should         B．Can           C．May         D．Need4．（2019·杭州一中初三月考）—Can I use your ruler? —Yes, you _____.A．may             B．need           C．can         D．must5．（2019·青岛大学附属中学初一开学考试）—Is the man over there Mr. Cool?—No, it _____ be him. He has gone to Shanghai.A．can't             B．mustn't       C．can         D．must6．（2019·江苏省盐城初三联考）–Hello, I want to drive a car around the city for three days.-No problem. But I _____ check your ID card and driving licence.A．can             B．can’t           C．must         D．mustn’t7．（2019·福州三牧中学初三期中）— I have been to Mars several times.— You _____ be joking! It’s impossible!A．must             B．may           C．can8．（2019·河北保定师范附属学校初三月考）I enjoy leaning English so much and I _____ speak it very well.A．need             B．may           C．must         D．can9．（2019·西宁中学初三二模）—I missed last night's Everlasting Classics（《经典咏流传》）！—You _____ care． You can watch it online later．A．mustn't         B．can't           C．may not         D．needn't10．（2020·保定市乐凯中学初三一模）—I saw Susan in the library just now.—No, It _____ be her. She went to Shanghai this morning.A．must             B．can’t           C．may         D．needn’t11．（2019·江苏省苏州第十中学校初三月考）— Must I return the book this week?—  No， you _____. You can _____ it for 20 days.A．mustn’t； keep                   B．needn’t； borrowC．needn’t； keep                   D．mustn’t； lend12．（2019·辽宁省大连外国中学初三一模）—_____ I go out to play basketball, Mom?— No, you _____. You should do your homework first.A．Must; can’t     B．Must; needn’t   C．May; needn’t D．May; can’t13.（2019·四川成都初三联考一）—Is that Tom over there ?—It _____ be him. He is on the plane to Chengdu now.A.can’t              B.might not         C.must14.（2019江苏苏州中学一模）—Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.—I agree. Even Einstein _____ read until he was seven.A.can't              B. mustn't           C. couldn't         D. needn'tAs middle school students, we _____ follow the public rules wherever we go．A. would            B. should            C. might           D. couldAnts are pretty small. You might think that they _____ be rather weak. But what you might not know is that ants are actually very strong for their size.A. Need             B. can't             C. mustWe don’t allow taking magazines out, but you _____ copy the article you need on the machine over there.A.can               B.must             C.should           D.would—Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin?— You _____ go if you have finished your homework.A.must              B. need            C. should           D. canWe should keep quiet in the library. We _____ speak loudly.A. must              B. mustn’t         C. can              D. needn’tAccording to the notice, guests at this hotel _____ use the sports center at no extra cost.A. Can              B. should          C. must             D. need—Mum, it’s too hot. _____ I swim in the lake?—No, you _____. That’s too dangerous!A.Should; can’tB. Need; mustn’tC. Must; needn’tD. Could; mustn’t8. The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _____ worry about its weight.A. Must             B. may            C. can’t             D. needn’t9. —Mum, may I play computer games this evening?—No way, you _____ finish your homework.A.can               B. must           C. may              D. willYou _____ walk on the wet hill path because you fall and hurt yourself.A. must; might notB. mustn’t; mightC. needn’t; needD. must; must11.—Where is Monica? I can’t find her anywhere.—She _____ be in the library. She loves reading books when she is free.A.must              B. need           C. can’t12.—Can we play soccer here?—No, you _____ play it near the road. That’s too dangerous!A.can               B. may            C. won’t            D. mustn’t