初中英语中考复习 秘籍08 宾语从句-2021年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

秘笈08 宾语从句

考点 1 宾语从句

宾语从句是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是时态及宾语从句的语序，有时也会考查宾语从句的引导词。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也会考查到宾语从句。因此学生要熟练掌握宾语从句的用法。

中考考查重点：

1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2. 宾语从句的语序；

3. 宾语从句的时态。

考向1 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

考向2 宾语从句额语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。

1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。

He is an honest boy. The teacher said.

→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.

2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。

Does he work hard? I wonder.

→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.

1. Miss Green didn’t tell us ______ in 2002.

A. where does she live  B. Where she lives   C. where did she live  D. where she lived

【答案】D

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选D。

考向3 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题

1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.

I don’t think (that) you are right.

Please tell us where he is.

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?

1. Would you please tell me ______?

A. when did he come home

B. where he would play football

C. if he had seen the film

D. why he didn’t watch the game

【答案】D

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

2. I don’t know when ______.

A. will the train leave  

B. the train will leave

C. would the train leave       

D. the train leave

【答案】B

【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B项在语序和时态上符合要求。

2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

He asked what time it was.

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.

He asked if you had written to Peter.

He said that he would go back to the US soon.

3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

He told me that the earth is round.

考向4 that引导的宾语从句

that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。

一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法

1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。

①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　

She says that she will help me learn English this evening.

她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。

②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：

He is a good boy except that he is careless.

他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。

③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：

I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。

2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较：

He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。

3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：

引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：

She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。

I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。

4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：

that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。

①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；

We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。

②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.

他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。

③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.

对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。

5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：

We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.

小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。

6. 宾语从句的否定转移。

在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：

①我认为今晚他不能来。

【误】I think he can’t come this evening.

【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.

②他认为我们现在不在教室里。

【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.

【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.

7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：

We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he?

我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？

8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：

It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。

考向5 疑问词引导的宾语从句

特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。

①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。

宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。

②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句

When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？

→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？

→ I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。

What should I do? 我该怎么办？

→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？

→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。

Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？

→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？

→ I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。

③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。

Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？

→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？

→ I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。

What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？

→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？

→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。

考向6 if或whether引导的宾语从句

当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。

I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。

Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.

爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。

I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。  

He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。

【拓展】

一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。

1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。

I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.

Let me know whether you can come or not.

2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。

He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。

Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。

3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。

It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。

Success depends on whether we make enough effort. 

4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。

Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.

5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。

We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气）

6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。

He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.  

注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t  doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。

【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：

The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。  

【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：

That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。

【特别警示】含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：

I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？

He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？

【注意】

（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：

How much does this coat cost?

→ I want to know how much this coat costs. 

Where did you go yesterday?

→ Please tell me where you went yesterday.

（2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。

What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？

→ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.

What’s the matter? 怎么了？

→ He asked the girl what was the matter.

What has happened to him?

→ We want to know what has happened to him.

1.【2020·江苏南京市·南京一中九年级月考】—Could you tell me _____?

— Of course. Go straight ahead and you’ll see it’s just opposite the cinema.

A．how can I get to the nearest bus station

B．where the nearest flower shop was

C．how I can get to the nearest bookshop

D．where is the nearest bank

2.【2020·江西科技学院附属中学九年级期中】—Hi, Bruce. Here is a letter for you.

—Thanks, I wondered _____.

A．who the letter was from       B．who was the letter from

C．who is the letter from       D．who the letter is from

3.【2020·北京市延庆区教育科学研究中心九年级期中】—Can you tell me _____ next Sunday?

—By train.

A．how we will go to Shanghai      B．how did we go to Shanghai

C．how we went to Shanghai       D．how will we go to Shanghai

4．【2020·扬州市梅岭中学九年级期中】We never doubt _____ the song My heart will go on is _____ again and again.

A．whether; worth listening to      B．that; worth listening to

C．that; worth to listen to       D．whether; worth to listen

5.【2020·郑州市第四十八中学九年级期中】I wonder _____you have told the idea to Daming. He still looks angry.

A．who     B．if     C．that     D．what

6.【2020·章丘绣水中学九年级开学考试】Do you know _____ in a hundred years?

A．what life will be like        B．what will life be like

C．how life will be like        D．how will life be like

7.【2020·济南舜耕中学九年级月考】—Do you mind telling me _____ ?

—Of course not. Remember “Keep Moving”.

A．how can I lose weight       B．where can I lose weight

C．how I can lose weight       D．where I can lose weight

8.【2020·重庆巴川中学校九年级月考】—Do you know _____?

—Sorry, I have no idea. I am looking for her, too.

A．what is Linda   B．what Linda is   C．where is Linda   D．where Linda is

9.【2020·魏县教育体育局九年级开学考试】—Do you know _____?

—Yes, they run along the southwestern part of China.

A．where are the Himalayas       B．what are the Himalayas

C．where the Himalayas are       D．What the Himalayas are

10.【2020·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校九年级其他模拟】I didn’t know _____.

A．how long they have married      B．why she married with him

C．when she married him       D．when they have been married

11．【2020·湖南师大附中博才实验中学九年级月考】We may forget _____ we started to become good friends, but we will never forget the days _____ we spent together.

A．when; which   B．when; when   C．that; which

12.【2020·长沙市长郡双语实验中学九年级一模】—Do you know_____?

— In China.

A．which country he was born      B．where the toys were made 

C．what her favorite country is

13.【2020·吉林大学附属中学九年级一模】—I'm not sure _____. Do you know?

—In 1876, I think.

A．when the telephone was invented     B．when was the telephone invented

C．when did the telephone invent      D．when the telephone invented

1. Could you tell me _____ the post office?

A．how can I get   B．where can I get   C．where I can get   D．how to get

2．––What a pleasant surprise to see you here! I _____ you _____Chongqing.

––Me too. But I_____ there next Friday.

A．think; have gone to; am going      B．thought; had gone to; will go

C．thought; had been to; will go      D．think; have been to; am going

3．— Alice, could you tell me _____ the computer?

— Oh, yes. I bought it from a store online.

A．where did you buy        B．where you bought

C．where will you buy        D．where you will buy

4．—Our graduation party will be held on June 20.

—That's wonderful! I wonder_____.

A．that all our teachers will come and join us

B．if we should wear the school uniforms

C．where will the party be held

5．— Do you know _____ for vacation in Paris?

— Last week, maybe on Monday morning.

A．when he leaves   B．when does he leave  C．when he left   D．when did he leave

6．— Could you tell me _____ the National Maritime (海事的) Museum?

— Sure. Go along the street and you’ll see it on your right.

A．how can I get to        B．how I can get to

C．when will I arrive at        D．when I will arrive at

7．—Excuse me, could you wake me up if my friend _____ here?

—Of course. But we still don’t know when your friend _____ .

A．comes; will come        B．comes; comes

C．will come; comes        D．will come; will come

8．Yesterday little Brian asked his teacher in class _____.

A．when did light travelled faster than sound.

B．how light travelled faster than sound.

C．why light travels faster than sound.

9．以下各句中含有定语从句的是_____.

①The police have confirmed that the victim was a computer engineer.

②They were trying to find out whether the victim was killed at the scene.

③We’re asking anyone who saw anything unusual to contact us.

④They were checking the scene for more clues that will help solve the case.

A．①②     B．②③     C．③④     D．②④

10．—Could you please tell me_____? Let me see if I can catch it.

—At 6:30 am.

A．how long was the train ride

B．how long the train ride was

C．what time does the first train to Beijing start

D．what time the first train to Beijing starts

11．—Many people talk about "Didi". My father wonders_____ .

—To order a taxi on your mobile phone as soon as possible.

A．where people use it        B．who uses it most

C．when he can use it        D．what it is used for

12．—Do you know_____?

—Yes, at about twelve. I was just about to go to bed.

A．when he came back        B．when he will come back

C．when did he come back       D．whether he goes to bed late

13．— Can you tell me_____during this winter holiday? —Every day.

A．how long did you exercise      B．how long you exercised

C．how often did you exercise      D．how often you exercised