初中英语中考复习 秘籍12 阅读理解（一）-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

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秘笈12 阅读理解（一） 考向1 阅读理解之记叙文 一、材料特点 人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。考向2 阅读理解之说明文＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。       说明文阅读理解的特征一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。       1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）      2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）      3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）      4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？       5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？       做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。1．忌不带问题盲目读文章。做阅读理解题前，为了提高效率，应该先把文章后面的题目浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出能一眼看出的答案，从而提高阅读效果。2．忌草率选择答案。英语阅读题的选项中，常常会出现容易迷惑考生的干扰性强的选项，如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进“陷阱”，从而丢分。我们应当对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，对照文章内容，去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。 1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。A（2020·保定市乐凯中学初三一模）Happy Family SaladIngredients (原料)►Two adults (married, responsible and loving parents)►One child (or more)►Two large bowls of tolerance (宽容)►A cup of understanding►Four leaves of fun and games►Two tablespoons of salad cream of kindness►A whole heap (堆) of sharing and caring►A bag of happy thoughts and smilesMethods1. Put all the ingredients except the leaves of fun and games, salad cream of kindness, happy thoughts and smiles in a mixing bowl.2. Put in the cream of kindness and mix well.3. Arrange the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.4. Pour all the materials in the mixing bowl into the salad bowl.5. Sprinkle (撒) the happy thoughts and smiles on top and serve.Serving suggestionsDo not refrigerate (冷藏). Always serve the salad fresh and eat immediately together with family members. Stale (不新鲜的) salad should be thrown away before it causes unhappiness. The Happy Family Salad can be eaten at any time of the day as part of breakfast, lunch or dinner. 1．How many family members are needed at least to make the Happy Family Salad?______A．A parent and one child.B．A parent and two children.C．Two parents and one child.D．Two parents and two children.2．When should we pour the cream of kindness into the salad?______A．After sprinkling the happy thoughts and smiles on top of the ingredients.B．After placing the mixed ingredients in a mixing bowl.C．After arranging the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.D．After putting the ingredients on the leaves.3．How many steps are needed to make the salad according to the passage?______A．5.            B．6.            C．7.           D．8.4．Why did the writer write the material?______A．To teach parents how to be happy.B．To tell families how to make a salad.C．To show parents how to play with their children.D．To advise family members on how to have a happy family life. B（2019·江苏省苏州第十中学校初三月考）The City Bank was broken into yesterday at 8 p.m. The police were asking two men, John Smith and his brother Joseph Smith.A policeman interviewed John SmithJohn Smith was asked, “ What did you do last night?” He answered, “ I was with my brother, Joseph, all the time. I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45 and we watched TV until about 7:30. We watched the news and a baseball game. Then we walked into the town centre and had a meal at a restaurant. I can’t remember the name of the restaurant. It was a big one, but it was almost empty. We both had fish and chips. We left there at 8:40 and walked back to Joseph’s house.”The statement is true.Signed: John Smith A Policeman Interviewed Joseph SmithJoseph Smith was asked, “What did you do last night?” He answered, “I was with John all the time. John came to my house at fifteen to seven, and then we watched TV for about 45 minutes. We watched a movie about a basketball player, but I can’t remember the name of the movie. Then we took a taxi to a restaurant. I forget what the restaurant is called. There were not many people there. I had steak and chips, and John had chicken. We left there at twenty to nine and we went back to my house.”The statement is true.Signed: Joseph Smith 1．The policeman wanted to find the person who ______.A．told a lieB．knew the thiefC．went into the bankD．stole the baseball2．John and Joseph are ______.A．boss and workerB．workmatesC．policeman and thiefD．brothers3．The two men told the police the same thing about ______.A．how they got to the restaurantB．the timeC．what they ateD．the TV programmes4．Neither of the two men ______.A．ate at a restaurant last nightB．watched a movie on TVC．knew the name of the restaurantD．liked to eat chips5．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to their statements?______A．Joseph got to John’s house at about 6:45 p.m.B．There were only a few people in the restaurant.C．They watched TV for about 45 minutes.D．They went back to Joseph’s house after leaving the restaurant. C（2019·辽宁省大连外国中学初三一模）Basketball stars become hip-hop singers. It’s true. In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players, like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they travel on planes from one city to another. Some of them even have rap radio shows and others perform in music video.When some of the younger stars play basketball, they even (甚至) try to look like hip-hop singers. “Hip-hop is just part of our culture.” , says one player. “All of us grew up listening to rap and playing basketball, and rappers grew up doing the same thing.”Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player. Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music. An NBA player has become a rapper. He has made four successful rap albums (专集) .NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.1．Many basketball players in NBA like ______.A．Hip-hop music B．country musicC．Dancing D．American singers2．Many NBA players ______rap words when they travel on planes from one city to another.A．learn B．write C．sing D．dance3．______ is just part of the NBA players’ culture.A．Music B．Rapper C．Hip-hop D．Basketball4．The NBA teams invited Master P. to join them just because ______.A．they like listening to his music B．his dancing is popularC．they like his face and hair D．his hip-hop was popular5．Which of the following is NOT right?______A．An NBA player has become a rapper.B．A rapper wants to become a NBA basketball player.C．Players in NBA don’t like hip-hop music at all.D．NBA basketball teams have a closer connection to hip-hop music. D（2019·四川成都初三联考一）The Garbage (垃圾) Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973. Since then, the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities.To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage, they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly. That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly. Even in cities where it rains a lot, the students found newspapers from 1948, 40-year-old hot dogs, and vegetables from 1970. And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.How to dispose of our garbage well depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular(普通的) garbage, dangerous materials, or recyclable materials, such as newspapers and glass bottles. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people’s health and the environment. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills.Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries. When batteries are buried directly(直接地)in a landfill, they often break open. The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground.Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.Our garbage problem is not new, but as the world’s population continues to grow, it will become a bigger and bigger problem.1．To study the modern garbage, the students had to do many things except ______.A．wearing special clothes B．traveling to landfillsC．burying the garbage themselves D．opening bags of garbage2．The underlined words “dispose of” in Paragraph 4 means ______.A．crash into B．deal with C．worry about D．put up3．From the article, we know old motor oil ______.A．should go to regular landfillsB．isn’t harmful garbageC．mustn’t be poured on the groundD．never pollutes the environment4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?______A．There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.B．Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.C．The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.D．Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.AIn 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. In another place or time, the death of single crop species (物种) might not have been so important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost solely on the patato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine(饥荒). Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again, but on a much wider scale.Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops. Each species has special qualities. Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won’t find many of these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers.For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear.One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400,000 seeds from five contients. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds.More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don’t just store the seeds; they plant them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven’t been grown for years. These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or taste. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.1．What is this passage mainly about?______A．The need to protect different food species.B．How to increase the number of food species.C．The fact that many food species are dying out.D．How to prevent food species from disappearing.2．Why are some scientists worried that such a famine could happen again?______A．Because people depend on certain species of food crops.B．Because the same deadly disease may attack crops again.C．Because the world’s population is larger than that in 1845.D．Because farmers grow the same potatoes as those in the past.3．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ______.Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 44．What can we learn from the passage?______A．The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland.B．Around 80 percent of the rice varieties in the Philippines have disappeared.C．People have been storing seeds to save plane varieties for less than 100 years.D．Heritage Farm is the first place in the U.S. for people to store and trade seeds. BThe human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）? What's up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies.Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly?Scientists aren't exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe it's the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry?Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry. Think of your digestive tract（消化道）as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. ______. It can make you feel embarrassed尴尬的）but is nothing to worry about.Why do I blush when I'm embarrassed?When you're embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline（肾上腺素）, which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the body in a fight-or-flight reaction（对抗反应）. There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.Why are yawns contagious?Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees(黑猩猩）. A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but that's just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is nature's way of keeping our brains cool.1．What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?______A．变松 B．变紧 C．变短 D．变长2．Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank?______A．And that's what you're hearing when your stomach makes noise.B．And that's why you're so hungry when your stomach is emptyC．And that's what makes you feel uncomfortable when you're full.D．And that's how it makes a difference to your digestive tract.3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?______A．There is no way for you to improve an ice-cream headache.B．Researchers have found out the actual function of blushing.C．Your stomach makes noise only when you are hungry.D．Researchers don't have a good explanation for why yawns are contagious.4．What is the best title of the passage?______A．Some Interesting Facts B．Our Strange BodyC．Some Useful Discoveries D．Our Amazing Feelings CDear guest,We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc).If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department. If you wish, we shall send you what you need for free.Card BDear guest,The hotel wishes to save the world’s natural resources (资源). Every day, tons of detergent and millions of tons of water are used to wash towels(毛巾) which have been used only once.Here’s how you can help:★A towel on the rack means: “I’ll use it again.”★A towel on the floor means: “Please change.”1．A guest who forgets to bring a toothbrush with him ______.A．must buy one from the hotel B．should get one ready by himselfC．can get one from the hotel for free D．may ask someone to buy one for him2．If guests want to get their towels changed, they should leave them ______.A．in the rack B．on the floor C．under the bed D．in the desk3．The aim of the cards is to ask guests to ______.A．offer a good service B．follow the rules of the hotelC．protect our environment D．all of the above DI often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache. So they can’t learn it well. But English is very easy for me. I’ m good at it. I’m very glad to tell you something about how I study English.First, I think an interest in English is very important. When I was in Grade One，we had a new subject-English. It was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got a very good mark. How happy I was! After that, I learned English harder and harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!Second, I think English is a foreign language. I should learn it well in the following way: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and have a good vocabulary. Then practice again and again, never be tired. And I also have a good habit: Asking whenever（不论何时）I have a question, I must make it clear by asking our English teacher. How happy I am when I understand!Besides this, I often read English stories, jokes and easy novels. From these I know English is not only interesting, but also useful. They help me understand a lot of things, So to do more reading is an important way to learn English well.And I also do some exercises from our class magazines, and I often write English diaries. English has become a close friend of mine.Now I have learned English for more than two years. I always keep the first position in our school. From these words, I hope every student can learn English well.1．Why do some students often ”have a headache”?______A．Because they are easy to catch a coldB．Because it’s often very cold.C．Because they think English is easy.D．Because they don’t think English is easy.2．The writer tells us that we should be ______ in English if we want to learn it well.A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．strict3．The sentence “I got a very good mark” means”______”.A．I got a good way B．I had a good ideaC．I did badly in the exam D．I did well in the exam4．The writer thinks English is interesting because______.A．English is full of storiesB．English is full of jokesC．his teacher often teaches them nice English songsD．of nothing5．Which of the following is NOT the way the writer studies by?______A．Speaking bravely. B．Writing to foreign friends.C．Reading aloud. D．Writing English diaries. EWhen I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受)her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. ”I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜)all your life!1．The “enemy” pointed out the writer’s shortcomings, and the writer felt______at last.A．happy B．angry C．lonely D．surprised2．What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints?______A．He agreed with her “enemy”.B．He left her continue to put up with her “enemy”.C．He asked her to write down all her “enemy” had said about her.D．He asked her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said.3．Which of the following can we know from the passage?______A．The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty. B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard.C．The writer’s father gave her “enemy” a lesson. D．The writer is grateful to her father.4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?______A．The Best Advice I Ever Had B．My ParentsC．What People Say about Your Is Always RightD．A Serious Criticism（批评）