初中英语中考复习 秘籍15 短文填空-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（原卷版）

秘笈15 短文填空

考点 短文填空

把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。

考向1 短文填空之自由填空

自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。

满分技巧 

1. 解题步骤：

（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；

（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；

（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。

（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。

（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；

（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；

（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。

考向2 短文填空之首字母填空

首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。

二、满分技巧 

1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。

快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。

2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。

3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。

在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

考向3 短文填空之选词填空

选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。

考向4 短文填空之杂糅性型短文填空

杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。

考向5 短文填空之提示词填空

此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。

因为是考查学生的综合能力，所以要求学生的基础知识扎实，尤其是注意时态和语态

A

【2019江苏苏州中学一模】

根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

In the evening, Dorothy decided to go into the little cottage in the trees. She was very tired and she l  1  down on the leaves with Toto and they fell asleep. The Scarecrow stood near the door. He was never tired because he had no brain.

The next morning they left the cottage and looked for a stream of f  2  water. Suddenly they heard someone groaning. It was the Tin Woodman, a man made of tin, holding an axe in his hands. He wasn’t m  3  at all but groaning.

Dorothy ran back to the little house and found the oilcan the Tin Woodman told her. Then she put some o  4     on his neck, arms and legs. He turned his head and bent his arms and legs. “When it r  5  , I get wet and then I can’t move.” The Tin Wood man said, “Who are you?”

“I’m Dorothy and this is the Scarecrow.” Dorothy explained, “We are going to see the Great Oz in the Emerald City. I want to ask him to s  6  me back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wants to ask him for a b  7   .” “ Can Oz give me a heart?” the Tin Woodman asked. “I don’t know,” Dorothy r  8   , “ Come with us and ask him.”

They all started walking back to the yellow brick road. It took them into a d  9  forest. There wasn’t much light because the sunshine couldn’t get t  10  the branches of the trees. The only noises were strange!

B

【2019·江苏省中考模拟】

根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。

Paul was a rich young man. When his father died, he left Paul a beautiful forest.   1  before Paul could sell it for lots of money, lightning caused a fire that burnt the forest. Watching the ash（灰烬）overnight. Paul felt his h  2  break.

In order to bring back the beauty the forest, Paul tried to b  3   money from a bank. But the bank r  4   him because the bank didn't believe he could pay it back. Then he felt too worded to eat or drink. So he hid h  5   in his room for days. His wife was w  6     about him and suggested that he should go outside and take a break.

Paul went for a walk. When he turned the first corner, he saw a store with a huge crowd. It t  7   out that the housewives were waiting in line to buy charcoal（木炭）used for winter heating（冬季取暖）

Then an idea ramp to his m  8  . He ran home and hired workers to turn the burnt trees i  9   charcoal. Soon his charcoal went on the market, and it sold very w  10  . In the spring of the following year, he used the money to buy a large number of seedlings（树苗）After a few years, the forest that everyone thought had disappeared came to life again.

C

【2020·哈尔滨市松雷中学校初三】

America    other    but    from    rest    them    on    return    hear    activity

What is a student’s life in America? In junior high school, Students go to school   1  weekdays and have classes for six hours every day. They study math, English, biology, writing, science, music and some   2  subjects. At noon, they have lunch at school.   3   schools usually provide( 提 供 ) meat, vegetables, fruit, bread and a drink,   4  most students like hot dogs and hamburgers. and then they can have a short   5  . In the afternoon classes are over at 3:00.   6  3:10 to 5:30, they can take part in some school  7  . After school, everyone  8  home. At home, children have dinner and then do  9  homework. Before bedtime, they like   10  a story from their mother or father.

D

【2019·安徽师范大学教育集团初三】

Tomato Fight is a food fight in Spain. It’s said that a small band one day  1   (blow) horns went through the street furiously( 神气地). Maybe for fun, a group of young people picked tomatoes and   2   (throw) them to  the band. This is the origin of the Tomatina-Tomato Fight.

At this time of the year, local people and   3    from around the world gather in Buñol town to celebrate this special festival. Here, the tomatoes bring not only   4   (happy) of harvest but also the joy of carnival (狂欢).The tomato fight begins in the center of town.

  5   the fight, the government will transport tomatoes by car to the town.   6    (thousand) of people take off their T-shirts. As soon as they   7   /hɪə/ the order of fight, they begin to throw tomatoes to other people who they don’t even know before. Soon tomato   8   /dʒuːs/ on the streets makes a tomato sea.

After the fight, thousands of volunteers turn   9   all the faucets (水龙头) that could work and begin to clean the street. About one hour later, the town becomes quiet as   10   /'juːʒuə/. The square and streets are swept as nothing has happened.

A

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空，并将答案填写到答题卡的相应位置。每个词限用一次。

sport   two   health   them   don't   club   food   lunch   book  like

Jane and Mary are sisters.The  1  girls like sports.Every day they play  2   in the sports club （体育俱乐部）.Today Jane and Mary  3  go to school.They play tennis for three hours in the  4  .After that they go to eat lunch in Green Restaurant.

In the restaurant, they see lots of nice  5  .They see eggs, chicken and hamburgers.Oh, hamburgers are very nice, but they aren't  6   food.So Jane and Mary don't eat  7  .They eat some eggs and vegetables.

After  8   , Jane and Mary go to Green Book Store.At the store they read many nice  9  .Oh, an English book is very great and Jane  10  it very much. Her sister Mary buys it for her.This girl is very happy.She goes home with the book and her sister.

B

综合填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中岁给单词的正确行形式。

Steve is   1   (I) pen pal. He is an  2   (America) boy. He often writes to me and tells me something  3    his life. In his class, many  4   ( student) usually take a yellow school bus to school, but Steve often  5    (ride)a bike to school, sometimes walks to school.  After school, he often plays basketball  6   soccer. Steve swims very  7   (good) and he goes swimming  8   (two) a week. He seldom watches TV on weekdays. He likes   9   (listen) to music in his free time. Steve is  10    happy boy.

C

根据短文内容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

When you hear about Hainan, China’s southernmost province, what comes to your mind first? This year marks the 30th anniversary (周年纪念) of the establishment（建立） of Hainan province. It is a great c  1   for us to learn more about the island province.

A big i  2    meeting of the Boao Forum (论坛) for Asia will soon take place in Hainan. Since 2001, every April, people from different countries come to Boao to d  3    economic issues (经济议题). The forum is important for the future development of Asian cities. It has also made Hainan famous a  4    the world.

In Hainan, you can also visit China’s southernmost city, Sansha. Sansha was set up in 2012. It i  5    the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha island groups. The city allows China to better p  6    fishermen and develop oil and gas resources in the South China Sea. Sansha is also becoming a p  7    place for traveling. People can take helicopters (直升机), planes or ships to visit the city.

However, for some people, Hainan is no longer just a tourist attraction (旅游胜地). It has become their s  8    home. Every year, from October to April, people from different places around China leave their home for Hainan to enjoy the warm weather and fresh air. These people are jokingly referred to as “migratory birds” (候鸟族). Most of them are elderly people from northern China, e  9    Northeast China.

As you can see, Hainan has more than just golden b  10    and blue seas. The island is waiting for you to explore it.

D

根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词。

I have a good friend named Tom. He enjoys playing   1    violin in his free time. Last Sunday, he held his   2   (twelve) birthday party. I was   3   (invite) to his party. I spend half an hour  4   (choose) a gift for him. Finally, I decided to buy him a scarf. I hoped it would remind him   5    our friendship. Tom’s mother prepared lots of delicious food, such as   6   (sandwich), cookies, pears and strawberries. Tom made a wish and b   7    out all the candles. I knew what his wish was. He   8   (real) wanted to be a violinist in the future. It was a   9   (wonder) night with a big meal, lots of games and a good conversation. We enjoyed   10   (our). Best wishes to Tom!