2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意和词语理解题课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意和词语理解题课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了主旨大意题解析，考点分析，词义猜测或理解题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
巧刷高考题——阅读理解主旨大意和词语猜测题解题技巧分析
主旨大意题解析
考点分析
主旨大意题主要考查学生对全文内容或某一段落内容加以合理地归纳总结的能力，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。该类题有三种考查形式：①标题归纳 ②文章大意 ③段落大意
考点分析
(二)选项特征1．正确选项特征(1)涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。(2)确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。(3)精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。2．干扰选项特征(1)过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
考点分析
(2)以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。(3)移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。(4)无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
阅读理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正义联盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 1.What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2? A. He served for the U.S. Army for two years. B. He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.C. He had a tough and struggling childhood. D. He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.2.What was the company called when Spider-Man was created?Timely Comics. B. Marvel Comics. C. Atlas Comics. D. DC Comics.3.What does the underlined word “icon” mean in the last paragraph?A. Theme. B. Character. C. Assistant. D. Symbol.4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
1.推理判断答案：C
2.细节理解答案：B
3.词义猜测答案：D
4.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：A
3.最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就,作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一,斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一,没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界.所以他可以被称为是漫威宇宙的标志,由此可推知.icon 译为‘标志’,故选D项。选择性必修四unit2将学到iconic 一词，符号的；图标的，它的名词是icon
4.第一段就提到漫威创始人之一斯坦·李，然后全文围绕斯坦·李的传奇一生,他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的,他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作是顶级的文化品牌,所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“开拓者;发起者:创始人“,故选A项。
本文中，comic 一词在必修三unit3 里已学，意思是是‘连环画杂志；漫画杂志；戏剧演员’，掌握本词，有助于对文章的理解。
阅读理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正义联盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——确定标题答案：A
主旨大意——标题归纳题1．常见设问方式Which is the most suitable title for the text?The best title of the passage is 　　　　.Which of the following is the best title of the passage？What would be the best title for the passage？The most appropriate title of the passage is 　　　　.
阅读理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正义联盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：A
标题归纳题最佳标题具备三大特点：(1)概括性——准确、全面而又简短；(2)针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；(3)醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲兴趣
阅读理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正义联盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 4.What can be the best title for the text?A. Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics. B. The Development of Marvel Comics.C. Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books. D. The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics.
4.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：A
4.第一段就提到漫威创始人之一斯坦·李，然后全文围绕斯坦·李的传奇一生,他对美国漫画的影响力是令人瞩目的,他生前所创作的经典作品在世界上都可以称作是顶级的文化品牌,所以他被称为漫威之父。godfather意为“教父；开拓者；发起者；创始人”,故选A项。
阅读理解2 ( 2022 全国乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.    By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.5.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.6.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.7.What function is expected of the rail drones?A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.8.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
5.细节理解答案：A
6.词汇理解答案：C
7.细节理解答案：A
8.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：D
6.题干问：“maintenance”是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境“节省_____费用”以及该词在下文中的语境, 即第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”(据计算, 单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知, 铁路“maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故C项正确。必修三 unit5 单元学过maintain一词，意思是‘维持；保持；维修；保养’，它的名词就是maintenance，记住该词，有助于做出判断，甚至是不用看文章既可以选出正确答案。
7.题干问：期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time"(因为能提前看到, 无人机可以感知到任何问题, 这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知, 期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题, 并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。
阅读理解2 ( 2022 全国乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.    By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.8.Which is the most suitable title for the text?A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be ExpandedC. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
8. 主旨要义（标题归纳）。题干问的是：本文最佳标题是什么？
第一段以问句导入, 综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景; 激发读者兴趣
第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用
第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项正确。
第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用;
阅读理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（标题归纳）和猜词Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.9．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.10．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
9.词汇理解答案：C
10.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：D
9. 此题答案选A。根据该词所在句 “But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” : 但约翰逊认为，量子计算的某些方面使它特别(_____)被炒作，也许是因为“量子”代表了你不应该理解的酷东西。对本句加以意思分析推理，可知括号处可以填（易于、容易被、易受）等，再把四个答案带入其中此 可知处open应理解为“易受”。be open to sth易受 Weak people are especially open to illness. 即使没有掌握open “易于”的意思，根据Open 的本意：“开着的；开放的，对…开放/公开”，也可以判断出open 正确。其它选项放在此处讲不通，B: 凉的;凉爽的;凉快的;使人感到凉爽的;冷色的;镇静的;平静的;不友好的;令人钦佩的，绝妙的，顶呱呱的;妙极的，酷的;C: 有用的;有益的;实用的;有帮助的; D: 抵抗的;有抵抗力的;抵制的;抗…的;耐…的Open 词义拓展：①She is always open with her friends. ②keep your ears/eyes open for sth. ③with open arms:④have an open mind about/on sth. ⑤I am open to suggestions for what you would like to do in our classes.
她对朋友总是很坦诚（honest/frank）
注意；保持警觉；留心
愿意聆听/接受意见；对…思想开明；
warmly/honest/frankly 热烈的；热情的；诚挚地
思想开放的，willing to listen to sth.
阅读理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（标题归纳）和猜词Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answere my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.10．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor? B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
10.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：D
10.解析：该题正确答案为D。首先排除答案A，因为Johnson和Taylor作为quantum computing的专家，在本文中是平行出现，不分孰是孰非，孰优孰劣。这属于‘主观臆断，无中生有’。答案B中的redefining为重新定义。故答案B可以理解为量子计算是否重新定义科技，本文没有涉及此话题。这也是‘无中生有，生搬硬套’。答案C的come into being，语义为产生；诞生。故答案C量子计算机会诞生吗？该话题只在Taylor的话语The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”中有所涉及。这属于‘以偏概全，不分主次’最后再看答案D。live up to，不辜负；符合；遵守；达到。故答案D可以理解为：量子计算永远不会辜负它的炒作吗？hype一词在Johnson和Taylor的话语当中皆有表述。Johnson对此呈现担心态度，而Taylor则持乐观态度。
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.11. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
11.词汇理解答案：A
12.主旨大意——确定标题答案：B
11.根据第二段中的“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。可推知，take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近，与前句中的 explore的意思相对应，故选A。
12.主旨大意。文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行, 着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项"一个童年梦想", 与全文主题不符; C项"环游世界", 范畴超过了本文内容; D项"遇见南极洲的动物", 以偏概全。故选B项。
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大义答案：B
主旨大意——文章大意题1．常见设问方式What's the main idea/point of the passage?The passage is mainly about ________.The passage is mainly concerned about ________.Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage?In this passage the author discusses primarily ________.The subject discussed in this text is ________.The general/main idea of the passage is about ________. What is the text mainly about?
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大义答案：B
题型(二)　文章大意题2．快速确定文章大意小窍门 找出每小段的主题句。各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词。
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大意答案：B
文本分析：本文是一篇记叙文，采用倒叙形式展开。文章介绍了Ginni Bazlinton从小喜欢旅行，渴望探险。在她退休、儿子独立后，2008年开始了她的南极难忘之旅。
第一段：Ginni Bazlinton 在南极旅行的初印象——难忘
第二段：此段倒叙Ginni的人生喜好has had a deep love for travel，以及职业生涯中的旅行经历she toured in the UK。
第三段：Ginni边工作边旅行的经历以及要旅行的决心
第四段：2008年Ginni开始付诸于行动——南极之旅
第五段：Ginni南极之旅的感悟
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词 As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.12. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
12.主旨大意——文章大意答案：B
主题大意——段落大意题1．常见设问方式·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...?·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ______.·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1?
题型(三)　段落大意题2．两方法破解段落大意题方法1：概括段落大意 要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首。(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾。(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间。(4)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意 有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要读者充分发挥想象力与判断力揣摩段落大意。
阅读理解5 2022全国甲卷D篇主旨大意——概括段落大意   Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.13. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydney's striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney. C. The key to Sydney's development.D. Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
题型(三)　段落大意题【解题示范】　第一步：确定段落主题句。“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”是本段的主题句，a significant thing happened in Sydney...，发现了harbor 和一系列的东西，用but转折 对harbor 进行强调。第二步： 分析选项，判断概括准确的选项。A：Sydney‘s striking architecture.悉尼引人注目的建筑。 没有提及，属主观杜撰B：The cultural diversity of Sydney. 悉尼的文化多样性。以偏概全。C：The key to Sydney‘s development.悉尼发展的关键。The key 即文中所指 harborD:Sydney‘s tourist attractions in the 1960s. 20世纪60年代悉尼的旅游景点。 移花接木，偷换概念根据主题句所说的 “但正是海港造就了这座城市。”可知答案为故选C。
阅读理解6 2022全国甲卷D篇主旨大意——概括段落大意   ….. (Para5) Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. ……14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
题型(三)　段落大意题【解题示范】　第一步：确定段落主题句。“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that…...”是本段的主题句，第二步： 分析选项，判断概括准确的选项。A：Supporting evidence for the research results. 支撑这一研究结果的有力证据。 与….also confirmed that 相一致，B：Potential application of the research findings.研究结果的潜在应用。这一段没有提及application，属于主观臆断，无中生有；C：A further explanation of the research methods.对研究方法的进一步解释。 这一段没有提及research methods，属于主观臆断，无中生有；A reasonable doubt about the research process. 对研究过程的合理怀疑。 这一段也没有提及research methods，属于主观臆断，无中生有；根据文中所说的 “对语言数据库的分析也证实….。”可知答案为故选A 。
词义猜测或理解题
1.依据定义推测词义在许多情况下，文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。2.依据同位语推测词义通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。3.依据文章中的举例推测词义在阅读理解中，考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出该生词的意思。4.依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时，往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。5.依据构词法推测词义分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文推测出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识。6.依据上下文语境，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词推测词义7.依据因果关系、逻辑关系推测词义因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so...that, such…that等。
阅读理解 1Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1992. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name--Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U.S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League(正义联盟) of America.To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-men.Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized (=completely changed) American comic books. 3.What does the underlined word “icon” mean in the last paragraph?A. Theme. B. Character. C. Assistant. D. Symbol.
3.
3.词义猜测 3.答案：D①根据语境意思猜测词义。最后一段介绍了斯坦·李的成就,作为漫威宇宙的创始人之一,斯坦·李可以算是美漫历史上最伟大的人物之一,没有他可能就没有现在的漫威世界.所以他可以被称为是漫威宇宙的标志,由此可推知.icon 译为‘标志、典型或代表’,故选D项符合。本题也可以根据构词法猜测词义。选择性必修四unit2将学到iconic 一词，符号的；图标的，它的名词是icon，意思是图标；符号；偶像，与symbol 象征;符号;代号;记号一致。
阅读理解2 ( 2022 全国乙卷C篇) Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.    By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.6.What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
6.词汇理解答案：C
8.旨大意——标题归纳答案：D
3.词义猜测 6.答案：C②根据上下文理解单词含义。题干问：“maintenance”是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境“节省_____费用”以及该词在下文中的语境, 即第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”(据计算, 单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元, 其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知, 铁路“maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故C项正确。本题也可以根据构词法判断其含义。必修三 unit5 单元学过maintain一词，意思是‘维持；保持；维修；保养’，它的名词就是maintenance，与inspect and repair (检查与维修)一致。记住该词，有助于做出判断，甚至是不用看文章既可以选出正确答案。
阅读理解3：——2022北京高考D篇 主旨大意（标题归纳）和猜词Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about Py Quantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.9．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
9.词汇理解答案：C
10.主旨大意——标题归纳答案：D
词义猜测 9.答案：A③根据逻辑表达关系猜测单词含义。9. 此题答案选A。根据该词所在句 “But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” : 但约翰逊认为，量子计算的某些方面使它特别(_____)被炒作，也许是因为“量子”代表了你不应该理解的酷东西。对本句加以意思分析推理，可知括号处可以填（易于、容易被、易受）等，再把四个答案带入其中此 可知处open应理解为“易受”。be open to sth易受 Weak people are especially open to illness. 即使没有掌握open “易于”的意思，根据Open 的本意：“开着的；开放的，对…开放/公开”，也可以判断出open 正确。其它选项放在此处讲不通，B: 凉的;凉爽的;凉快的;使人感到凉爽的;冷色的;镇静的;平静的;不友好的;令人钦佩的，绝妙的，顶呱呱的;妙极的，酷的;C: 有用的;有益的;实用的;有帮助的; D: 抵抗的;有抵抗力的;抵制的;抗…的;耐…的Open 词义拓展：①She is always open with her friends. ②keep your ears/eyes open for sth. ③with open arms:④have an open mind about/on sth. ⑤I am open to suggestions for what you would like to do in our classes.
她对朋友总是很坦诚（honest/frank）
注意；保持警觉；留心
愿意聆听/接受意见；对…思想开明；be willing to listen to sht.
warmly/honest/frankly 热烈的；热情的；诚挚地
思想开放的，willing to listen to sth.
阅读理解4 主旨大意（概括中心大意)和猜词As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.  Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.   After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."   In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."   The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.11. Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
11.词义猜测答案：A
词义猜测 11.答案：A④根据同义词猜测词义。11.根据第二段中的“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.”在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索；以及“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest”当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活。可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。可推知，take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近，与前句中的 explore的意思相对应，故选A。
阅读理解7——词义猜词We sit too much, and researchers are discovering that even working out in a gym several times a week won’t necessarily obviate serious problems if we are sitting for the rest of the time. From weight problems to poor blood glucose (葡萄糖) levels, even early deaths, the message is clear: we need to stop sitting for hours at a time. What to do? “Move more.” say the experts.15.What does the underlined word “obviate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. prevent. B. damage. C. separate. D. preserve.
词义猜测 15.答案：A根据句意猜测单词含义。根据单词所在段落和句子意义：我们坐得太多，研究人员发现，如果我们在其余时间都坐着，即使每周在健身房锻炼几次也不一定能___________严重的问题。可以推知,画线词可翻译为 “预防、解决或消除” 。后接serious problems 都可以翻译的比较合理，故选A
阅读理解 8——词义猜测 He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese­speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power” he said.Many experts agree that proficiency (熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy. 6.The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”A．a slight advantage　　　 B．the outside limitC．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
词义猜测 16.答案：A根据语境猜测单词含义。根据语境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，随着中国的发展，学习普通话大有裨益，由此可推知，学习普通话让美国学生在全球经济中有一定的_________，这与文章第五段的内容呼应。故画线词意为“优势”，与A项含义相近。
优势