2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义（新高考专用）语法填空01--冠词、介词、代词等无提示词的复习含解析

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义语法填空 解密1 冠词、代词、介词等无提示词的复习要点【构建知识体系】【英语学科素养解读】【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向考点一 冠词、代词、介词等无提示词的高考解密2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布（1）冠词1.（2022新高考I卷）Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。2.（2022新高考II卷）______ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. 【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。此处the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，同时该单词置于句首，首字母应该大写。故填The。3．（2022全国甲卷）____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。4.（2022全国乙卷）To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday. 【答案】the【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.【答案】the【解析】 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。6.【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It took us about 3 hours to go all 48． way around the Xi'an City Wall. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65． must to visit!【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。8.【2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 45． plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。 特指“1200个航班的塑料杯”，用定冠词，所以填the。9.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Due to 65． growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。10.【2021·浙江卷6月】44． Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. 【答案】The【解析】考查冠词。句意：林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层，以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知，此处意为“林肯一家”；根据设空后的Lincolns可知，此处考查“the+姓氏复数”，表示夫妇俩，或者一家人。设空处位于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填The。11. 【2020·全国II】The plum trees are 70.　_____first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. 【答案】the　【解析】考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词修饰。故填定冠词the。句意：即使雪正在融化，李树还是最先开花的。（2）代词2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.（2022全国乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony opening _____ _____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea. 【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真—普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。2.【2021·全国新高考I卷】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 64．(I).【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。3.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Ecotourism has 63．(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。4.【2021·浙江卷6月】She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 41． （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 【答案】herself【解析】考查代词。句意：她非常漂亮，她的房子是她自己的写照，一切都很有品位，井井有条。根据句意可知，此处意为“她自己”，可知此处考查反身代词；提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。5.【2020·山东】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ______ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。6. 【2020·新课标I】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether______ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical. 【答案】its【解析】考查代词。此处指“它未来的月球基地计划是否可行”,plans是名词,此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its起限定作用。7. 【2020·海南】Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_______（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.【答案】our【解析】考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。（3）介词及介词短语2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve __________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。2.（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers __________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20. 【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。3.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially __________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。4.【2021·英语全国甲卷】It was built originally to protect the city 42． the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。故填in。5.【2021·全国高考乙卷】It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64． the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable. 【答案】until【解析】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。6.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66． trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。7.【2021·浙江卷6月】Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 37． $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842. 【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。8.【2021·天津卷改编】Nowadays many people travel across China ________ means of high-speed trains.【答案】by 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：如今，许多人乘高铁在中国各地旅行。此处by means of用，依靠，借助于。分析语境，人们去旅行，用的交通工具是高铁（借助于高铁），故填by。9.【2021·天津卷改编】I wanted to make dumplings but found I had run out ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：我想包饺子，但发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。此处 run out of用完，用尽。结合句意，此处指“用完”了面粉。故填of。10.【2021·北京卷】Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day. While riding his bike home 14． a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。11.（2021年1月浙江高考）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 15． 2. 1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。12.【2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II】Oranges: Orange trees are more ______decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。13.【2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II】Bamboo plants are associated ______ health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with　【解析】考查介词。associate…with… 意为“把……与……联系起来”,是固定搭配。故填with。14.【2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。15.【2020·山东】Museums must compete ______ people’s spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。16.【2020·浙江】Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _____，through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。故填in。【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。③侧重对词汇变形的考查。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力　 冠词、代词、介词（1）冠词【做题实践中找规律】1.【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】Hua Weiguang, ______ retired teacher from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is a photography enthusiast.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。句意：华卫光是内蒙古通辽的一名退休教师，他是一名摄影爱好者。分析句子可知，修饰可数名词teacher，应填不定冠词，表示泛指“一位退休教师”，且retired的首字母发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。2.【2023·山东省青岛市模拟】In addition to saving lives and nourishing the body, ________ magic of traditional Chinese medicine has existed in various aspects of Chinese life. 【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：除了拯救生命和滋养身体，传统中医的魔力存在于中国人生活的各个方面。此处特指传统中医的魔力，应用定冠词the。故填the。3.【2023·辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校月考】Earlier this year, 11-year-old Kashmea Wahi of London, England scored 162 on ____36____ intelligence quotient (IQ) test. 【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：今年早些时候，英国伦敦11岁的Kashmea Wahi在智商测试中得了162分。根据句意，此处泛指“一次智商测试”，intelligence以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。下列情况很可能填不定冠词：(1)________+可数名词(单数)；(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。下列情况下很可能填定冠词：(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指)；(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指)；(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·安徽省十校联考】Last year, a powerful computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one 23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will ever get to ________ end of pi.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。句意：然而，没有人会算到圆周率的最后一个数字。分析句子可知，此处需要添加定冠词the表示特指圆周率这个数字的终点。故填the。【例2】【2023·湖北省黄冈市期中】Most students are required to take part in the labor class once per week. Since September, labor class has been listed as________ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students.【答案】an【解析】考查不定冠词。句意：自9月起，劳动课被列为中小学生学校生活的正式课程。设空处后为名词单数，表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词，空后的形容词发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。【例3】【2023·山东省潍坊市期中】The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China, _______ area known today as the Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。句意：贾湖聚落位于中国古代中部平原，今天被称为河南省的一块地区。此处泛指“一块地区”，area以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。（2）代词【做题实践中找规律】【例1】【2023·山东省青岛西海岸、平度、胶州、城阳四区联考】 As larger groups of people began living together in towns and cities, these populations needed reliable sources of clean water, a network of streets for trade and a way to defend _____ (they) against unfriendly neighbors.【答案】themselves【解析】考查代词。句意：随着越来越多的人开始在城镇生活在一起，这些人需要可靠的清洁水源、用于贸易的街道网络和抵御不友好邻居的方法。defend oneself against抵御。故填themselves。【例2】【2023·山东省名校联盟诊断】 The middle route, the most prominent one due to ________ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the Danjiangkou reservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin. It started supplying water in December 2014.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。句意：中线是最引人注目的一条，因为它的角色是为中国首都提供水源。空后为名词role，意为“角色”，故空处需要填形容词性物主代词指代上文的The middle route。its意为“它的”，符合句意。故填its。【例3】【2023·湖北十堰市联合体联考】Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made __________ much more convenient and popular both in China and overseas. 【答案】it考查代词。句意：但中国已经使它在中国和海外更加方便和流行。分析句子可知，【解析】空处填代词it指代前面出现过的Bike sharing作宾语；故填it。规律方法2： 如何判断空格处应填代词？（1）无提示词。（2）作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。（3）指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，it用作引导词,反身代词等。【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·山东省济南市统考】Jinling Library, founded in 1927, established ________ (it) first “Window of Chinese Books” overseas in Nigeria in 2013. There will be more in the future.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：金陵图书馆始建于1927年，2013年在尼日利亚建立了海外第一个“中国图书之窗”。空处应填形容词性物主代词，修饰专有名词“Window of Chinese Books”，故填its。【例2】【2023·辽宁省县级重点高中联合体统考】He practiced rapidly moving the glove to his good hand after he had pitched the ball to his father. He was always forcing ________ (he) to get that glove faster and faster.【答案】himself【解析】考查反身代词。句意：他总是强迫自己越拿越快。主语和宾语一致时，宾语要用反身代词，因此空格处是反身代词himself。故填himself。3、介词及介词短语【做题实践中找规律】【例1】【2023·山西省大同市第二次学情调研】In those photos, hats, scarves and goggles, for the workers fighting desertification, are basic necessities to protect them _____ the wind and sand. 【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：在这些照片中，帽子、围巾和护目镜对治沙工人来说是保护他们免受风沙侵袭的基本必需品。空处涉及固定短语protect......from......表示“保护……免受……”，符合语境。故填from。【例2】【2023·山东省名校联盟诊断】The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers water from China’s water-rich south ________ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. 【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：南水北调工程通过中线、东线和西线，将中国水资源丰富的南方的水调入干旱的北方。固定短语transfer A to B意为“把A转移到B”，符合句意。故填to。【例3】【2023·山东省济南市统考】Jinling Library has always focused on using books ________ a bridge to understanding of Chinese culture for global citizens . 【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：金陵图书馆一直致力于将书籍作为全球公民了解中国文化的桥梁。结合句意可知，此处指“将书籍作为全球公民了解中国文化的桥梁”，as作为，介词，故填as。规律方法3：如何判断空格处应填介词？（1）无提示词：注意搭配问题。（2）与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。（3）与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。【变式精讲】【例1】【2023·安徽省十校联考】Historians aren’t sure when people first discovered the concept of pi. But it’s been known in some form ________ almost 4,000 years. 【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：但它已经以某种形式被知道了近4000年。分析句子可知，此处时间状语almost 4,000 years“将近4,000年”表示持续的时间，使用介词for连接符合语法规则。故填for。【例2】【2023·福建省龙岩市一级校联盟（九校联考】Shadow puppetry is seen_______the prequel (先行篇) to film and animation in China.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：皮影戏在中国被视为电影和动画的前传。see...as...意为“把……看作”，是固定搭配。故填as。语法填空有提示词1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等无提示词1.连词（1）并列连词but，and，or等（2）从属连词what，that，when等2.副词：however，therefore，so……3.代词：it4.冠词：an，a，the5.介词及固定短语6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）新课标要求命题解读2020高考评价体系的说明《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。《中国高考评价体系2020》考查必备知识：词法和句法知识；关键能力：在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。考点题型冠词语法填空20222022新高考I卷the；2022新高考II卷the；2022全国甲卷A；2022全国乙卷the20212021·英语全国甲卷the; 2021·全国新高考I卷a; 2021·全国高考乙卷the; 2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷the; 2021·浙江卷6月the2020全国II 70 the考点题型代词语法填空20222022全国乙卷its20212021·全国新高考I卷mine；2021·全国高考乙卷its；2021·浙江卷6月herself2020全国I its考点题型介词及介词短语语法填空20222022新高考I卷as；2022全国甲卷from；2022全国乙卷by；20212021·英语全国甲卷in；2021·全国高考乙卷until；2021·全国高考乙卷of；2021·浙江卷6月for2020全国II than with 全国III on