初中英语中考复习 专题02 说明阐述类-备战2021中考英语六大类作文高分秘笈

说明文是中考书面表达题目中常见的写作形式。在初中阶段，说明文主要要求学生将活动、人物、地点等要素进行清楚地描述，考察学生的观察能力和将图表或所给提示词转化为完整文字信息的能力。

要写出一篇合乎要求的说明文，应注意以下几点：

一审: 要想做到文章切题、要点齐全，审题至关重要。下笔之前要将所给的材料看清楚，读懂材料所要表达的内容或情景。

二定: 一定要点，根据所给材料要点，定出中心句。注意适当发挥，避免逐字逐句翻译。二定方法，常用的说明方法有举例法、过程分析法、分类法、因果分析法、比较法、细节法等。要根据说明的对象、目的来选择最佳说明方法。

三理: 理顺各中心句之间的关系，排列好各中心句的顺序。说明文常用的结构安排顺序有以下三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。

四查: 查写作要点，查段落层次，查时态语态，查用词、拼写、标点等。通过检查，可以避免一些不必要的错误，使文章趋于完美。

常用连接词：

1. 表示建议：should, had better do, suggest, advice, …is a good way…

2. 表示步骤：first of all, at last, and then, after that…

3. 表示计划：plan, prepare, for/ to do, be going to, will…

常用句式：

1. With the rapidly growing popularity of… 随着……的快速普及……

2. It is quite clear that…十分清楚的是……

3. There are some reasons for …关于……有以下理由。

4. A recent survey suggest that…最近的一项调查显示……

5. All we can do is to …我们所能做的就是……

  （1）

（2）

典例一【2020 •广州中考】

今天的英语课上，班级进行了题为“我送过的一份珍贵礼物，”的主题分享。请你写一篇英语短文，汇报你们四人小组的分享内容，需包括以下要点。

注意：1. 词数：80词左右（短文的开头己给出，不计入词数）：

2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。

In today's English class, we had a discussion on “A valuable gift I gave”. Here is what we shared in ou group. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. 主要人称：第三人称和第一人称

2. 主体时态：一般过去时

               3. 要点梳理：根据题目中给出的图表，汇报一下你这个小组中四个人送过的珍贵的礼物。短文中应依次介绍清楚这个礼物是谁送给谁的，是什么以及为什么送这个礼物。

【参考范文】

In today’s English class.we had a discussion on “A valuable gift I gave”.Here is what we shared in our group.

A valuable gift given by Bob was a bowl of soup to his parents. In his opinion, he considered it as a good gift to express his thanks and love to them. Kate gave a photo album to one of her good friends because she wanted to cherish every moment with her/him, hoping that their friendship could last forever. In addition, Lily sent her foreign teacher a piece of paper cutting which can fully represent Chinese culture.

For me, what I gave to my grandparent was a smartphone. We don't live together and my parents are so busy that we can't meet each other often. However, we can have video chats by smartphone.

这是一篇优秀的作文。首先文章内容完整，包括了图表中的所有信息，对最后一栏的内容进行了补充，并对细节进行了拓展，使文章的内容更加充实。短文有三段，第一段是题目中给出的开头；第二段中作者主要介绍了小组中其他三人送的礼物；最后一段介绍了自己送过的礼物。层次清晰，叙述有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，文章以一般过去时和一般现在时为主，符合表达需要，语法规范，用词准确。句式结构完整，有变化，增强了文章的表现力。

短语：in one’s opinion；in addition；each other。

句型：过去分词作后置定语；动词不定式作目的状语；because引导原因状语从句；现在分词作伴随状语；which引导定语从句；what引导主语从句；so…that引导结果状语从句。

典例二【2020 •贵州遵义中考】

2020年3月3日是联合国第七个"世界野生动植物日"，我国提出了"维护全球生命共同体"的主题。我们的世界因这些生物而丰富多彩、妙趣横生。保护它们，就是守护我们的未来。下面，让我们一起来听听熊猫惜惜的倾诉吧！

假如你是熊猫惜惜，请根据以下信息给人类朋友写一封80词左右的书信。

要求：1.信中包含所给信息内容；2.适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

注意：1.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；2.书信的开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数。

1.基本信息：13岁，来自四川，中国的象征；爱好（自主发挥）。

2.我的烦恼：朋友少，家园常常遭到破坏……

3.我的愿望或建议（自主发挥，至少两条）。

参考词汇：symbol (n. 象征) 、destroy (v. 破坏)

Dear friends,

My name is Xixi. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Xixi

1.  主要人称：第一人称

2. 主体时态：一般现在时

3.要点梳理：文章是一篇书信作文。主要是以熊猫惜惜的身份向人类写一封信。先是介绍自己，然后告诉自己的烦恼以及期待和愿望。

【参考范文】

Dear friends,

My name is Xixi. I’m one of your favorite animals — Panda. I come from Sichuan, China. I am 13 years old. I am a national treasure of China and a symbol of China. I usually like to play with my friends. I also like climbing trees and sitting on the trees. I like bamboos best. It’s my favorite food.

But I’ve had some problems recently. My home is often broken and I don’t have much room to move around. My friends are fewer and fewer because some people have destroyed my home. There is no one to play with me and I am very lonely. My favorite food is getting less and less. I’m really sad.

I hope human friends can help me. I hope that people can protect the environment and give me more space for live. If you can cut down fewer trees, my friends and I will be very happy.

                                                           Yours,

Xixi

文章分三段描写。第一段是对自己简单的介绍；第二段介绍自己的一些烦恼和忧虑；第三段写自己的期望。整个文章结构完整思路清晰，语言表达准确，意思通俗易懂。

短语：one of；come from；play with；like doing；move around；cut down。

句型：

My friends are fewer and fewer because some people have destroyed my home.（because引导的原因状语从句）

I hope human friends can help me.（I hope+宾语从句）

If you can cut down fewer trees, my friends and I will be very happy. （if引导的条件状语从句）

A

 【2020山东泰安模拟】                                    

“平安出行，文明乘车”已成为人们普遍关心的一个社会热门话题。请你根据图表中所提示的内容要点用英语写一篇短文。

内容要点：

注意：

1. 短文的开头已给出，不记入总词数；
2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名；
3. 内容可适当发挥，并表达你个人的看法；
4. 词数90左右。

How can we keep safe when we go out?

 B

【2020广东深圳模拟】

2020年春节期间，一场突如其来的疫情在武汉爆发。疫情期间，全世界人民都在关注着武汉。现在，疫情接近尾声，许多外国朋友都想到这座英雄城市游览参观。请你根据下列信息写一篇介绍武汉市的文章。

要点提示：

1.地理位置：中国中部地区。

2.气候：冬冷夏热，雨量充沛。

3.城市特征：湖北省会，有着悠久的历史。

4. 其他特色……

写作要求：

1.文章必须包含所有提示要点，鼓励适当发挥。

2.表达清楚，语句通顺连贯，书写规范。

3.字数要求80词左右（标题已给，不计入总字数）。

参考词汇：plenty of rainfall雨量充沛 capital省会 Wuhan University武汉大学 Yellow Crane Tower黄鹤楼

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A

How can we keep safe when we go out? First, we must obey the traffic rules, especially when we cross the road. Second, we are supposed to help children and the old to cross the road. Third, we should be careful when we get on a bus.

While we are on a bus, we should remember not to spit in public or throw litter around. Neither should we speak loudly to disturb others. We’re expected to offer our seats to people in need. What’s more, smoking is not allowed on the bus.

In short, as students we should not only keep safe when we go out, but also be ready to help others.

B

An introduction to Wuhan

Wuhan is a historical city in China. Now let me introduce it to you.

Wuhan lies in the east of Hubei Province. It is located in the middle part/reaches of the Yangtze River so it is also known as "City on Rivers". The weather is cold in winter and hot in summer with plenty of rainfall. Because of its hot weather, Wuhan is famous as the "Stove City". Wuhan is the capital of Hubei Province. The city is very beautiful and people there are friendly.

As one of the most popular tourist destinations in China, Wuhan attracts millions of tourists from all over the world every year. Visitors can enjoy cherry blossoms from March to April every year. (If you are interested in history or architecture, Yellow Crane Tower will be a good choice for history lovers.) You can also taste many delicious local food in Wuhan, such as hot-dry noodles and Doupi.

Wuhan has something for everyone. Why not visit it?

   如果你去欧洲旅行，你或许会考虑花些时间游览下普罗旺斯。无论你是对美丽的地方、古老的历史，美味的食物和美酒感兴趣，还是对音乐大剧院狂热迷恋，普罗旺斯能够满足最挑剔的游客所有的需求。

在普罗旺斯，最著名的就是薰衣草和太阳花了。今天的普罗旺斯风情万种，拥有靓丽的阳光和宁静的空气。普罗旺斯能够调动你所有的感官，散发微香的薰衣草，美味的葡萄酒，怡人的气候让这成为人间天堂。