初中英语中考复习 专题04 中考阅读完形高频词汇详解-2019年中考英语考前冲刺必背必练词汇
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题04 中考阅读完形高频词汇详解-2019年中考英语考前冲刺必背必练词汇,共9页。
中考阅读完形高频词汇详解thought n. 思想;思考;想法;关心v. 想,思考;认为(think的过去式和过去分词)【例句】They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various thoughts.【翻译】他们非常吃惊,怀着各种想法来到大厅。【解析】thought 一般用于两种情况.。第一种为动词think的过去式/过去分词,例如:He thought they needed to know the direction to it. (他认为它们还需要知道到那里去的方向。)第二种用法作名词,译为思想、想法。例句中即为此用法。 carefully adv. 小心地
【例句】Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons carefully.【翻译】然后,他们被要求在各自的气球上小心地写上名字。【解析】carefully是care的派生词,care的其他派生词也是高频词汇,需要考生记忆。
careful adj. 仔细的,小心的 例句:We have to be careful with fire.(但我们用火时,我们应该小心。)
careless adj. 粗心的;无忧无虑的;淡漠的 例句:The boy was so careless that he knocked into a tree. (这个男孩如此粗心以至于撞到了一棵树上。)
carelessly adv. 粗心地;不注意地;无忧无虑地 例句:The boy carelessly put the cup on the edge of the table and it fell off.(这个男孩粗心地把杯子放在桌子边沿上,结果杯子掉到了地上) solution n. 解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答【例句】Many times in our life,sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.【翻译】在我们的生活中,很多时候,分享和帮助他人给了我们真正的解决方案。【解析】solution为solve的名词形式。
solve vt. 解决;解答;溶解。solve problems “解决问题”同样是重点短语。 information n. 信息,资料;知识;情报
【例句】I search information and practice English listening and speaking with their help.
【翻译】在它们的帮助下,我可以搜索信息,并且练习英语听力和口语。
【解析】information的动词形式为inform。
inform vt. 通知;告诉;报告。例句: How do I inform them of my arrival time?(我要怎么通知他们我到达的时间呢?) suggest vt. 提议,建议;启发;使人想起;显示;暗示
【例句】Our findings suggest that exposure to green space early in life could result in beneficial structural changes in the brain.
【翻译】我们的研究表明, 在生命早期暴露在绿色空间可能导致有益于大脑的结构性变化。
【解析】suggest常见意思为“建议“,但是在本句中译为 “表明”。它的名词形式为suggestion,也是完形填空中的高频词汇。
suggestion n. 建议;示意;微量,细微的迹象 例句:Do you have any suggestion?(您有什么建议吗?。)
improvement n. 改进,改善;提高【例句】Self﹣improvement may not be everybody's favorite word,but if we look at things in a different way, we might have greater chances of enjoying the whole process instead of counting the days until we are fully improved.
【翻译】自我提高可能不是每个人都喜欢的词,但是如果我们以不同的方式看待事物,我们可能会有更大的机会享受整个过程,而不是数着日子,直到我们完全改善。
【解析】improve 为其动词形式。 vt. 改善,增进;提高…的价值
What do you think we should do to improve our environment?
你认为要改善我们的环镜我们应该做些什么? disappear vi. 消失;失踪;不复存在
【例句】When the calves' mothers were older and more experienced at raising babies, this beneficial “grandmother effect” disappeared even if the actual grandmothers were still around.
【翻译】当小牛犊的母亲年纪大一些,在抚养孩子方面更有经验时,这种有益的“外婆效应”就消失了,即使真正的外婆还在身边。
【解析】注意记忆与disappear相关的词汇
appear vi. 出现;显得;似乎;出庭;登场
The Telegraph brand will appear on some products but not all.
《每日电讯报》的品牌将出现在某些产品上,但并非全部产品。appearance n. 外貌,外观;出现,露面
You should not remark on her appearance. 你不应该评论她的外貌。
disappearance n. 消失;不见 This principle also explains the disappearance of sound. 这一原则同样适用于声音的消失。 consider vt. 考虑;认为;考虑到;细想
【例句】It's even more difficult for policy makers and school officials to channel funds (资金) towards classes like drama, when the skills arts subjects develop are considered “soft skills.”
【翻译】对于政策制定者和学校官员来说,更难将资金用于戏剧类课程,因为艺术类课程的发展被认为是“软技能”。
ruin v. 破坏,糟蹋;毁灭,
【例句】But the basketball hoop in their neighborhood park had been ruined by a fallen tree.
【翻译】但是他们附近公园的篮球圈被一棵倒下的树给毁了。
【解析】注意同义词辨析。
destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”,程度较深。例如:
The earthquake destroyed almost the entire city.那次地震几乎毁灭了整个城市。
ruin 也是指严重的以至于不能修复的“破坏”,但这种破坏不指毁灭某物,而是指长期损坏的结果。它也可用来表示抽象概念。
damage 是程度较小的“破坏”、“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。例如:
The storm damaged several houses in the village.暴风雨损坏了这个村子的几间房子。
influence n. 影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事vt. 影响;改变
【例句】They aimed at learning the influence of human's activities on the environment by studying the garbage.
【翻译】他们旨在通过研究垃圾来了解人类活动对环境的影响。
【解析】influence 还常用于动词。We influence each other, grow together. 我们相互影响,一起成长。 surprise n. 惊奇,诧异;突然袭击vt. 使惊奇;奇袭
【例句】Alia was surprised by her structure (构图) and self-control involved in drawing a portrait.
【翻译】艾莉亚对她的结构图和画肖像时的自控能力感到惊讶。
【解析】surprise 作名词时常译为“惊奇,惊喜”,例句:To my surprise, he plays football very well. 使我惊奇的是,他足球踢得很好。
surprise作动词时常译为“使惊奇”,例句:Tell them what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity. 告诉他们要做什么,他们会用他们的创造力来震撼你。
surprised adj. 感到惊讶的,出人意料的,例句中即为形容词用法 frighten vt. 使惊吓;吓唬…
【例句】We often believe that someone or rather, most people are better than us - when in actual, the fact is, most people are more frightened than us.
【翻译】我们经常相信有人或者更确切地说,大多数人都比我们好——事实上,大多数人比我们更害怕。
【解析】frighten 作动词常译为“使惊吓”,例句:Did the noise frighten you? 那声音使你害怕吗?
frightened adj. 害怕的;受惊的;受恐吓的,例句中即为此用法。 suffer from 遭受,患病,忍受,患
【例句】Scientific studies have shown that if indoor temperatures are high in hot weather, people will suffer from certain health problems and have a lower productivity.
【翻译】科学研究表明,如果在炎热的天气里室内温度很高,人们就会患上某些健康问题,生产效率也会降低。
【解析】suffer vt. 遭受;忍受;经历,常与from搭配出现。需记忆词组。 embarrass v. (尤指在社交场合)使窘迫,使尴尬;使困惑;使为难;使复杂化;陷入经济困难;妨碍(人、移动、行动)
【例句】I felt so embarrassed that I didn't know what to do.
【翻译】我感到很尴尬,不知道该怎么办。
【解析】embarrass 作动词,常以为“使尴尬”,例如:Do not do anything to embarrass yourself or China。不要做让你或中国蒙羞的事。
embarrassed adj. 尴尬的;窘迫的,例句中即为其形容词用法。
unembarrassed adj. 不尴尬的 adequate adj. 充足的;适当的;胜任的
【例句】More than 60 percent of children and teens do not get adequate sleep, which can put their health at risk.
【翻译】超过60%的儿童和青少年睡眠不足,这会危及他们的健康。
【解析】adequate sleep 译为“充足的睡眠” contribute vt. 贡献,出力;投稿;捐献
【例句】Other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contributed to the problem.
【翻译】其他因素,如噪音和光污染,导致了这个问题。
【解析】contribution n. 贡献;捐献;投稿 例句:We will do more contribution for beautifying our life and home environment . 我们将做更多的贡献,为美化我们的生活和家庭环境。 pollute vt. 污染;玷污;败坏
【例句】Other factors, such as noise and light pollution , contributed to the problem.
【翻译】其他因素,如噪音和光污染,导致了这个问题。
【解析】pollute 为重点动词,译为“污染”。例句:We should not pollute our rivers with waste. 我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。
pollution n. 污染,污染物,例句中即为名词用法。air pollution 空气污染 water pollution 水污染 noise pollution 噪音污染 light pollution 光污染 serious adj. 严肃的,严重的;认真的;庄重的;危急的
【例句】Lack(缺失)of sleep among children and teenagers deserves high attention, because it can seriously affect their health and growth.
【翻译】儿童和青少年缺乏睡眠值得高度关注,因为睡眠不足会严重影响他们的健康和成长。
【解析】serious为形容词,常译为“严重的”,例句:What will you do with the serious problem? 你将如何处理这严重的问题? 另一个常用用法译为“严肃的,认真的”,例句:You should be serious about your job. 你应该认真对待你的工作。
seriously adv. 认真地;严重地,严肃地,为副词形式。例句中即为此用法。
*deserve vi. 应受,应得vt. 应受,应得 apart from 除…之外;且不说;并且
【例句】Apart from the people asleep, almost everybody else was on their phones.
【翻译】除了睡着的人,几乎所有人都在打电话。
【解析】apart adv. 相距;与众不同地;分离着 adj. 分离的;与众不同的 例句:I could say till death do us apart. 我还可以说直到死亡将我们分开。 discover vt. 发现;发觉vi. 发现
【例句】Then they discovered that a special type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, was causing the disease.
【翻译】然后他们发现由鹿虱携带的一种特殊类型的细菌引起了这种疾病。
【解析】discovery n. 发现,发觉;被发现的事物。例句:After reading this, I have new discovery. 这次看完,我又有了新发现。
successfully adv. 成功地;顺利地
【例句】After much research, the cause of Lyme disease was successfully identified (确认), thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors and patients.
【翻译】经过大量的研究,多亏了许多科学家、医生和病人的辛勤工作,莱姆病的病因被成功地确认了。
【解析】相关词链接:
succeed vi. 成功;继承;继任;兴旺 Only by this means can you succeed. 只有用这个方法你才能成功。
success n. 成功,成就;胜利;大获成功的人或事物。例句:What should we do to achieve success? 我们应该做什么来取得成功呢?
successful adj. 成功的;一帆风顺的。例句:If I can be successful, you can. 如果我可以成功,你也可以。 difficult adj. 困难的;不随和的;执拗的
【例句】It’s been difficult trying to live up to the expectations that were set by my brother.
【翻译】要达到我哥哥的期望是很困难的。
【解析】在作文中可以运用的句型“It’s difficult for sb. to do sth.”(对某人来说做某事很困难),例句:It’s difficult for me to learn physics well.(对我来说,学好物理很困难。)difficulty n. 困难,困境。例句:Do you have any difficulties in your study?你在学习上有什么困难吗? express vt. 表达;快递adj. 明确的;迅速的;专门的n. 快车,快递,专使;捷运公司
【例句】He expressed that he was grateful to me.
【翻译】他表示感谢我。
【解析】相关词链接:
expression n. 表现,表示,表达;表情,脸色,态度,腔调,声调;式,符号;词句,语句,措辞,说法。例如:facial expression 面部表情
inspire vt. 激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感
【例句】My brother and I have inspired each other to do the best we can.
【翻译】我和哥哥尽我们所能激励彼此。
【解析】相关词链接:
inspiration n. 灵感;鼓舞;吸气;妙计。例句:Where I go for inspiration: nature. 我去哪里寻求灵感:大自然。
argument n. 论证;论据;争吵;内容提要
【例句】They’ve also learned to deal with arguments and how to solve them.
【翻译】他们还学会了处理争论以及如何解决这些争论。
【解析】相关词链接:
argue vi. 争论,辩论;提出理由 vt. 辩论,争论;证明;说服。 例句:I never argue with others. 我从不与他人争论。
unnecessary adj. 不必要的;多余的,无用的
【例句】Are we filling our time with unnecessary things?
【翻译】我们是在用不必要的东西来填满我们的时间吗?
【解析】相关词链接:
necessary adj. 必要的;必需的;必然的
necessity n. 必需品 例句:What are the basic necessities of life? 什么是基本的生活必需品?
represent vt. 代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送
【例句】It represents your freedom to focus on the things in life that really matter.
【翻译】它代表着你自由地专注于生活中真正重要的事情。
【解析】相近词辨析:
present vt. 提出;介绍;呈现;赠送 例句:This is what I present you in this article. 这正是我在本文中呈 现给你的。adj. 现在的;出席的 例句:The future is all I have at present 目前我唯一拥有的就是将来。n. 现在;礼物;瞄准 例句:Which present do you like?你喜欢哪个礼物? realize vt. 实现;认识到;了解;将某物卖得,把(证券等)变成现钱;变卖
【例句】I realized this was exactly what Christopher wanted——friends who could accept him and love him for who he was.
【翻译】我意识到这正是克里斯托弗想要的——朋友们可以接受他,并且爱他。
【解析】相关词链接:realization n. 实现;领悟 例句:Let's pull together for the early realization of four modernizations.让我们团结在一起为早日实现四个现代化而努力。 achievement n. 成就;完成;达到;成绩
【例句】In his view, homework has a positive effect on achievement.
【翻译】在他看来,家庭作业对成绩有积极的影响。
【解析】相关词链接:achieve vt. 取得;获得;实现;成功。例句:Together we can each achieve what we can not alone. 我们一起都可以达到什么样的,我们不能单独。
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