初中英语中考复习 专题15-简单句-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题15-简单句-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（原卷版），共13页。
 专题15-简单句2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版） 目录考情分析：1.简单句的句型2.句子的种类3.牛刀小试  考情分析：简单句的五种基本句型及There be句型是英语学习的基础和重点，也是中考试卷的重点，在书面表达、句子改写和翻译句子中都经常考查有关句子的知识；感叹句、疑问句、祈使句更是单项选择和句型转换的重点。 1.简单句的句型简单句就是句子只有一个主语和谓语，有五种基本句型：（1）主语＋谓语：这种句型称为主谓结构（S+V），其谓语一般是不及物动词。如：The rain stopped. 雨停了。Things have changed now. 现在事情发生了变化。(2)    主语＋连系动词＋表语：这种句型称为主系表结构（S+L+P），连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，表语一般是名词或者形容词。如：His father is a teacher. 他的爸爸是老师。（表语是名词）Your mother is very young. 你的妈妈很年轻。（表语是形容词）(3)    主语＋谓语＋宾语：这种句型称为主谓宾结构（S+V+O），其谓语动词是及物动词，宾语一般是直接宾语。如：They often speak English at the meeting. 他们在会上经常说英语。The house caught fire. 房子着火了。(4)    主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语：这种句型称为主谓宾宾结构（S+V＋O+O），其谓语动词必须是可以跟双宾语的动词，两个宾语中表示事物的是直接宾语，另一个表示人的是间接宾语。如：My father gave me a pen last night. 昨天晚上我爸爸给我一支钢笔。I will write you a letter when I get there. 我到那里儿时给你写信。(5) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语：这种句型称为主谓宾及宾补结构（S+V+O+C）其谓语动词必须是可以跟复合宾语的及物动词。如：I find him very clever. 我发现他很聪明。Your words make me angry. 你的话让我很生气。 2.句子的种类句子按照其用途可以分为四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 （1）陈述句：用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。陈述句可以分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。如：They often go to school on foot.（肯定句）他们通常步行去上学。My father doesn’t watch TV at home after supper.（否定句）我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。 （2）疑问句：用来提出疑问的句子。可以分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种类型。1)      一般疑问句：能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes，否定回答用No。一般疑问句的结构是：Be＋主语＋表语＋……？或者是：助动词/情态动词 ＋主语＋谓语＋……？如：－Are you a teacher? 你是老师吗？－Yes, I am. 是的，我是。或：－No, I am not. 不，我不是。—Does your mother go shopping on Sunday? 你妈妈星期天购物吗？－Yes, she does. 是的，她经常去购物。或：－No, she doesn’t.不，她不经常去购物。—Must we go at once? 我们必须立刻走吗？—Yes, we must. 是的，必须走。或：—No, we needn’t. 不，没有必要。注意：一般疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答，如certainly(当然)， surely(当然)， of course(当然)，I think so（我想是的），all right(好吧)，certainly not(当然不是), not at all(一点也不), never(从不)，sorry(很抱歉)，not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。 2) 特殊疑问句：用来对句子的某一特殊部分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句一般用降调。其结构是：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句（＋……）？对它的回答不能用Yes或者No，要根据询问的内容具体回答。如：－Where were you at that time? 那时你在哪里？—I was at home. 我在家。常用的疑问代词有who（谁），whom（谁），whose（谁的），which（哪一个），what（什么）； 疑问副词有when（何时），where（何地），why（为什么），how（如何）以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。如：Who is your teacher? 谁是你的老师？（指人，作主语）Whom did you telephone to just now? 你刚才给谁打电话？（指人，作宾语）Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？（作定语）Which child knows the answer? 哪个孩子知道答案？（作定语）What class are you in? 你在几班？（指物，作定语）When will you arrive? （提问时间）Where has he gone? （提问地点）Why are you late again? （提问原因）How do you often go to school?  （提问方式）How far is it from your house to your school?  (how far 提问距离)How often does he go to the French club?  (how often 提问频率)3）   选择疑问句：选择疑问句是提供两种或者两种以上的情况，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可以用一般疑问句也可以用特殊疑问句，之间用连词or链接。选择疑问句不能用yes或者no来回答，必须选择其中之一来回答。 如：—Shall we go there by bus or on foot? 我们乘坐公共汽车去还是步行去？—We’ll go by bus. 我们乘坐公共汽车去。—Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪种？—I like tea better. 我更喜欢茶。 4) 反意疑问句：也叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句的后面加一个简短问句，对陈述句所说的事实或者观点提出疑问或希望陈述句部分内容得到证实。结构为“肯定陈述句+否定问句+?”或“否定陈述句+肯定问句+？”。如：You are coming, aren’t you? 你会来的，是吗？You can’t swim, can you? 你不会游泳，对吗？Her brother went to college last year, didn’t he? 她哥哥去年上的大学，是不是？注意：①陈述部分的主句带有no, never, nothing, nowhere, hardly, seldom, few, little等否定词或半否定词时，附加问句用肯定形式。如：You hardly speak English, do you? 你几乎不能说英语，对吗？They have few friends here, do they? 他们在这里几乎没有朋友，对吗？②There be句型的反意疑问句，其附加问句仍用there。There will be a party tomorrow, won’t there? 明天有个晚会，是不是？③陈述部分是一个主从复合句，附加问句一般要和主句一致。但是当陈述部分是“I’m sure…, I’m afraid…, I (don’t) think / believe… +宾语从句”结构时，附加问句应与从句一致，而且要注意否定转移现象。如：He said he was late for class, didn’t he? 他说他上课迟到了，是吗？I don’t think he is good at math, is he? 我认为他不擅长数学，是不是这样？（否定转移）④反意疑问句的答语一般要根据事实用yes或no引导的简单问句回答，汉语的翻译有时和英语不一致。如：—She can’t swim, can she? 她不会游泳，对吗？—Yes, she can. 不，她会。—You weren’t here yesterday, are you? 你昨天没有在这里，对吗？—No, I wasn’t. 是，我不在。 （3）祈使句：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略，谓语一般用动词原形，否定句是用助动词don’t＋动词原形＋其他。如：Don’t be late next time. 下一次不要迟到。Open the door, please. 请打开门。有时候祈使句的后面用附加疑问句加强语气。如：Don’t tell it anyone, will you?不要告诉任何人，好吗？ （4）感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。感叹句的末尾用感叹号。句子开头经常用what或者how。1）How在感叹句中可以修饰形容词、副词、或整个句子等。如：How beautiful the skirt is! 这条裙子多漂亮呀！How tall your brother is！你的哥哥多高呀！How time flies! 时间过得真快呀！2）what在感叹句可以修饰名词。如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，用what＋a/an＋（形容词）＋名词＋主语＋谓语！如果是不可数名词或者可数名词的复数形式用What＋（形容词）＋名词＋主语＋谓语！如：What a tall boy your brother is! 你哥哥是一个多么高的男孩！What beautiful pictures they are! 那些图画多美丽呀！注意：what和how引导的感叹句有时可以互换，但是要注意词序的变化。如：他是多聪明的孩子！What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!= How clever the boy is!  3.牛刀小试1．（2022·江苏镇江·二模）COVID-19 was expected to go away soon when it broke out in 2020, but it ________ yet.A．didn’t B．doesn’t C．hasn’t D．won’t2．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模）________ useful advice! I will follow it and try my best to do it well.A．What B．What a C．How D．What an3．（2022·吉林长春·一模）—Jenny, I can’t find my glasses ________. Did you see it?—Sorry, I didn’t.A．everywhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere4．（2022·安徽芜湖·二模）—I don’t think you can take photos here. Look at that sign! —Sorry, I _________ it just now.A．notice B．will notice C．haven’t noticed D．didn’t notice5．（2022·内蒙古·呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区教育研修中心一模）Tom is going there. You ________ go there.A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．don’t need D．need6．（2022·辽宁沈阳·二模）A lot of teenagers think as they are getting older they ________ to make their own decisions.A．should allowed B．shouldn’t allowC．should be allowed D．shouldn’t be allowed7．（2022·山东济南·三模）—Could you water the flowers, Nick?—Sorry, mom. I ________ my homework.A．don’t finish B．won’t finishC．didn’t finish D．haven’t finished8．（2022·上海徐汇·二模）We ________ any drinks because there is enough in the fridge.A．needn’t to B．don’t need C．not need D．don’t need to9．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）Overfishing ________ in order to protect the ocean’s ecosystem.A．allows B．is allowed C．isn’t allowed D．won’t allow10．（2022·辽宁本溪·三模）________ unusual music he played at the party!A．What an B．How C．What D．What a11．（2022·重庆·一模）She doesn’t like hamburgers ________ ice cream. She ________ they’re unhealthy.A．or；thinks B．and；thinks C．with；think D．and；think12．（2022·上海·模拟预测）It was a cold winter’s night. It ________ but it was very windy.A．isn’t raining B．didn’t rain C．doesn’t rain D．wasn’t raining13．（2022·上海·模拟预测）You ________ worry about your mother. She will soon be better after taking some medicine.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t14．（2022·河北·新河县教师发展中心二模）—________ do you water the plant?       —Twice a month.A．How far B．How long C．How often D．How soon15．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测）________ now, or you’ll never achieve your goal.A．To act B．Acting C．Act D．Acted16．（2022·重庆巴蜀中学二模）________ great progress you have made in the past three years! I feel proud of you all.A．How B．What C．How a D．What a17．（2022·云南昆明·二模）—_________ was the Olympic Flame (火炬) for the Beijing Winter Olympic Games lighted?—It was lighted by collecting the sunlight with a concave mirror (凹面镜) in Greece.A．How B．Why C．When D．What18．（2022·辽宁辽宁·二模）Look at the picture, please! _______ lovely baby it is!A．What B．What a C．How D．How a19．（2022·黑龙江·肇东市第七中学校二模）Turn the heat down, ________ it’ll burn.A．so B．and C．or20．（2022·云南昆明·二模）—Have you got a model of Bing Dwen Dwen?—________. It’s too hard to get one.A．No, I don’t B．Yes, I have C．Of course D．Not yet21．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·一模）—Must I return this book before Friday, Sir? —No, you ________. You can keep it for two weeks.A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t22．（2022·吉林长春·三模）— ________ does it take you to finish reading this novel?— For about a week.A．How often B．How far C．How long D．How soon23．（2022·云南·昭通市昭阳区第二中学模拟预测）— ______ is it from your home to the railway station, Anna?— It’s quite near. Only ten minutes’ ride.A．How many B．How often C．How far D．How soon24．（2022·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—China launched（发射）the manned spacecraft Shenzhou-14 successfully on June 5, 2022.—________ exciting news! We are proud of it.A．What B．What an C．How D．How an25．（2022·吉林长春·二模）—Do you go to school by bus or on foot?—________. My home is just next to my school.A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．On foot D．By bus26．（2022·甘肃·一模）Please get yourself ready for the listening test, ________?A．shall we B．will you C．do you D．are you27．（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）—________ is the fashion show?—In the school hall. The purpose of it is to raise money for a charity.A．Where B．When C．How D．Which28．（2022·四川达州·一模）—Henry has gone out.—Oh, has he? What time ________ he ________?A．has; gone B．will; go C．did; go D．is; going29．（2022·四川雅安·一模）—Excuse me, ________ is this hat? —It’s 20 yuan.A．how much B．how many C．how long D．how old30．（2022·西藏拉萨·二模）—________?— It’s 889-6634.A．Is this your telephone B．What’s thatC．What’s your phone number D．How many phones do you have31．（2022·西藏拉萨·一模）Let’s meet outside the school gate, ________?A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shall you32．（2022·西藏拉萨·一模）—How often do you watch TV?— ________.A．Two years B．Once a week C．Last week D．Next month33．（2022·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）________ sure that you put in as much effort as possible, or you will lose the chance.A．Make B．Making C．To make D．Made34．（2022·内蒙古包头·一模）—Luke, ________ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. —OK. Don’t worry, Mom. I never break traffic rules.A．not B．can’t C．won’t D．don’t35．（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）________ it over, and you will be able to work out the problem.A．Thinking B．To think C．Think D．Thinks36．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·三模）________ trying and encouraging yourself if you want to succeed in something.A．To keep B．Keeping C．Keep37．（2022·吉林长春·一模）Mary, keep away from the fire, ________ you will hurt yourself.A．and B．so C．but D．or38．（2022·青海·西宁市教育科学研究院一模）Hurry up, ________ you will miss the bus.A．so B．or C．but D．and39．（2022·河北唐山·一模）Hurry up, ________ you may be late for school.A．and B．but C．or D．so40．（2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—________ will Tina come back home?—In two months.A．How soon B．How old C．How long D．How often41．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）Don’t throw rubbish everywhere, ________ our environment will get worse.A．but B．so C．and D．or42．（2022·全国·八年级）Students ________ listen to music while they are riding bikes on the road.A．must B．can C．needn’t D．shouldn’t43．（2022·安徽·模拟预测）—Maybe we can’t recognize (认出) Diana when we meet her at the airport.—Don’t worry! I know she __________ yet for the past few years.A．didn’t change B．won’t change C．hasn’t changed D．wasn’t changing44．（2022·重庆市杨家坪中学二模）—Li Xin has won the first prize in the competition. —________ great girl she is! We are so proud of her.A．What a B．What C．How a D．How45．（2022·河北·新河县教师发展中心二模）—We will have a two-month holiday after the exam.       —________ exciting news!A．How B．What C．How an D．What an46．（2022·辽宁辽宁·二模）—_______ do I need to feed the little dog?—It must be given food every day to keep it alive.A．How long B．How often C．How much D．How soon47．（2022·云南昆明·二模）—________ amazing robot it is!—Yes. It has video cameras in its eyes, so it can “see” and communicate with people.A．How B．What C．What a D．What an48．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·三模）________ touching TV play! It tells a story of a doctor.A．What B．What a C．How D．How a49．（2022·安徽·合肥市五十中学西校三模）—Do you know ________ the high-speed railway will be built between Wuhan and Shanghai?—In a few months.A．how long B．how far C．how often D．how soon50．（2022·吉林长春·三模）— ________ meaningful it is to read news every day!— So it is. Reading news can help us understand the world better.A．How B．How a C．What D．What a