初中英语中考复习 专题20 阅读理解说明文-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（解析版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题20 阅读理解说明文-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（解析版），共24页。

专题20 阅读理解说明文



【母题来源1】【2020 •贵州省安顺市中考】
【母题原题】
In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians. They play many different kinds of music—from traditional Thai songs to music by Beethoven. Both children and adults love this group. What makes them so popular? Is it their music? Their looks? Yes, it's both of these things, but it's also something else：they're elephants.
These musical elephants are from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center （TECC）in Lampang. The TECC protects elephants. It teaches people to understand and care for these huge, but gentle, animals. And, like many zoos around the world, the TECC encourages elephants to paint.
Richard Lair works with the TECC. He knew that elephants hear better than they see. So he had an idea：if elephants are intelligent and they have good hearing, maybe they can play music. To test his idea, Lair and a friend started the Thai Elephant Orchestra. During a performance, the elephants play a variety of instruments, including the drums and the xylophone. The animals also use their voices and trunks to make sounds.
But can elephants really make music properly? Yes, says Lair. they’re very creative. Humans may encourage the animals to play instruments, but the elephants make their own songs；they don't just copy their trainers or other people. There are now CDs of the group's music, which make money for the TECC. And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.
46. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Musical Elephants
B. An Introduction to the TECC
C. Richard Lair's Achievements
47. What does the underlined word "them" refer to in the passage?
A. Musicians. B. Children. C. Adults.
48. What can be inferred（推断） from the passage the passage ?
A. Richard Lair started the Thai Elephant Orchestra by himself.
B. The elephants in the TECC can only play traditional Thai songs.
C. The CDs of the Thai Elephant Orchestra are popular with people.
49. The writer wrote this passage to _______.
A. ask people to save the elephants
B. invite more people to join the TECC
C. introduce the elephants' special talents to people
50. Where can we most probably read this passage?
A. A medical newspaper.
B. An animal magazine
C. A story book
【文章大意】本文介绍了在泰国北部一个非常受欢迎的大象乐队。它们演奏不同种类的音乐。大象非常聪明，它们也会画画。它们非常有创造性，会创作自己的音乐。
46.A【解析】最佳标题。根据第一段最后一句“they're elephants.”以及第二段到第四段对大象乐队的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是大象乐队，因此A选项最符合本文标题。故选A。
47.A【解析】词义推断题。them指代的复数人称，them以及第一段第二句中的they指代内容相同，指代的是文章第一句“In the town of Lampang in northern Thailand, there is an unusual group of musicians.”中的musicians“音乐人”。故选A。
48.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“There are now CDs of the group's music, which make money for the TECC.”可知大象乐队有自己的CD，这些CD让TECC赚钱，因此可推测，它们的CD是很受欢迎的。故选C。
49.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“…there is an unusual group of musicians.”和“And the music these artists create is pretty amazing.”可知全文围绕大象的音乐才能展开的，因此文章主要是向人们介绍大象在音乐方面的特殊才能。故选C。
50.B【解析】推理判断题。A医学报纸；B动物杂志；C故事书。本文介绍的是大象特殊的音乐才能，因此B选项最符合。故选B。
【母题来源2】【2020 •贵州省黔东南州中考】
【母题原题】
The summer vacation is coming. During the vacation, you can do what you like and prepare yourself well for the future. You'll enjoy your summer vacation with the help of the following suggestions.
▲Take exercise. After studying hard for months, you must be bored and tired. Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again. Swimming and walking are perfect choices for you. All kinds of exercise are good for your health.
▲Master some basic life skills. You will live an independent life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful basic life skills such as washing clothes and cooking. At the same time, you should help your parents with housework to express thanks to them.
▲Go travelling. The world is a book. Those who don't travel only read one page. Travelling is so interesting. Have you made your own plan? If not, do it at once. During the trip, you will have a chance to get more knowledge. While learning about different cultures and customs, you will also make a lot of friends.
▲Enjoy the time with family members. Family members play an important role in your life. They give you love, care and support all the time. Don't forget to spare some time together with them. You will find it great to stay with them, talking about dreams, hobbies or anything you like.
As long as you follow the suggestions mentioned above, you will have a wonderful vacation.
61. How many suggestions are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six.
62. Which is the best way to get energy according to the passage?
A. Swimming. B. Walking. C. Taking exercise. D. Rum
63. Why should we learn basic life skills?
A. Because we will live an independent life one day.
B. Because we like to share housework with our family.
C. Because we don't want to express our thanks.
D. Because doing housework is difficult for us.
64. How does the writer think of travelling?
A. He thinks it's tiring. B. He thinks it's interesting.
C. He thinks it's terrible. D. He thinks it's boring.
65. The material mainly tells us ________.
A. the suggestions about basic life skills B. the suggestions about taking exercise
C. the suggestions about summer vacation D. the suggestions about travelling
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种充分享受美好暑假时光的建议，包括锻炼身体、掌握一些基本的生活技能、旅游和陪伴家人。
61.B【解析】细节理解题。根据 “▲Take exercise. ”，“▲Master some basic life skills. ”，“▲Go travelling. ”，“▲Enjoy the time with family members.”可知，文中给出了4条建议，故选B。
62.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“Taking exercise is the best way to get energy again” 锻炼是恢复精力的最好方法，可知，C符合题意，故选C。
63.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“You will live an independent life one day. Therefore, you should learn some necessary and useful basic life skills…”总有一天你会过上独立的生活。因此，你应该学习一些必要和有用的基本生活技能，可知，学习基本的生活技能的原因是因为总有一天我们会独立生活。故选A。
64.B【解析】细节理解题。根据“Travelling is so interesting” 旅行是如此有趣，可知，作者认为旅行很有趣，故选B。
65.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据“ You'll enjoy your summer vacation with the help of the following suggestions.” 在以下建议的帮助下，你会享受你的暑假，可知，本文主要讲的是享受美好暑假时光的建议。故选C。
【母题来源3】【2020 •湖南省常德市中考】
【母题原题】


Things You Can Do In One Second To Make Your Life Happier
One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier. △ Then check out this list of things you can do in a single second. That will bring more happiness into your life every day.
Give a great big smile.
Look for an easy way to make your life happier. Smile more. Smiling can help you feel better instantly. And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street. Or if you’re sad, angry, or annoyed about something, choose to smile and laugh it off instead.
Take a deep breath.
Deep breathing is one of the best ways to reduce stress and bring balance back into your life. And it only takes a second. Take some time out each day to focus on nothing except your breath. You’ll find your life becomes happier, healthier, and less stressful.
Take a sip of water.
It’s no surprise that drinking water is good for your health. Try keeping a water bottle with you wherever you go, and take a second to drink water a couple times every hour. Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.
Give thanks.
Happy people have this in common: They are grateful for all the good things in their lives. This means that to make your life happier, take a few minutes each day and count your blessings. Say “Thank you” more often. Show your appreciation when good things come your way.
instantly 立刻 balance 平衡 focus 集中 hydrated 含水的
calorie 热量 filter 过滤 kidney 肾脏 skin 皮肤 grateful 感激
blessing 福分 appreciate 感激

9. Which can best replace “ △ ” in the passage?
A. Do you think so? B. Don’t believe it? C. Am I right?
10. What does the word “contagious” mean in Chinese?
A. 充满希望的 B. 滑稽的 C. 有感染力的
11. What can you do to keep healthy skin?
A. Take deep breath. B. Drink some water. C. Give thanks.
12. Which “second” in the following has the same meaning as in the passage?
A. Downstairs, on the second floor, Michael served Mona breakfast.
B. The gun was fired and Beaton was wounded a second time.
C. Can you just lift the table for a second?
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一秒钟内做的事情就能让生活更快乐的方法。
9.B【解析】题意：填入文中空格处的最佳选项是什么？
推理判断题。根据上文One second. That’s all it takes to make your life happier可知，根据常识可知，一秒钟通常做不了什么事情，故此处说的一秒钟就能让生命更快乐，这一说法让人很难相信。B选项Don’t believe it?“不相信吗？”符合题意，故选B。
10.C【解析】题意：单词“contagious”的中文意思是什么？
词句猜测题。根据第二段中" Smiling can help you feel better instantly."可知微笑能让你立即感觉很好，根据下文“And it can be contagious. So give a smile to a total stranger on the street.”可知，笑容是会传染，所以在街上遇到陌生人也应该多笑一笑。C选项“有感染力的”符合题意，故选C。
11.B【解析】题意：你能做什么来保持皮肤健康？
细节理解题。根据原文“Drinking water can help keep you hydrated, control calories, filter your kidneys, and keep healthy skin.”可知，喝水可以保持皮肤健康。B选项Drink some water“喝水”符合题意，故选B。
12.C【解析】题意：本文中“second”的意思与下列哪一项的“second”意思相同？
词句猜测题。原文中“second”的意思是“一秒钟”，C选项Can you just lift the table for a second?“你能把桌子抬一下吗？”其中，second意为“一秒钟”，故选C。
【母题来源4】【2020 •山东省德州市中考】
【母题原题】
How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?
At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening.
Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position (位置) of the shadow changed. This would let people tell what time it was.
Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. Each number stands for an hour of the day. But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out.
Water clocks used water to measure time at night. Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.
People also used sand-glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand-glasses over.
11. At first, the ancient people told the time by looking at ________.
A. the stick B. the shadow C. the sun D. the moon
12. Which picture can be a "sundial"?
A. B. C. D.
13. Sundials can be used to tell the time when it is ________.
A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy
14. Which is right according to the passage?
A. Sticks measured time in Egypt day and night. B. Sundials were first used in ancient Egypt.
C. Sand-glasses usually measure a long time. D. The water clock told the time by the water level in the bowls.
15. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Something about sundials. B. How to tell the time by looking at the sun.
C. How to tell the time in the past. D. Some inventions in China.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在钟表发明出来之前，人们都是利用什么来计时和看时间。
11.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“At first, the ancient people looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky”可知起初古代人是通过看太阳来计算时间的，故选C。
12.B【解析】推理判断题。根据“The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers”，可知日晷有一根阴影棒，太阳照射后阴影会出现在数字上，根据图片所示，可判断是B图，故选B。
13.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“But sundials don't work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out”，可知必须要有太阳，故选A。
14.D【解析】判断正误题。根据“These sticks measured (测量) time during the day”，可知小棍子只在白天测量时间，晚上不行，A选项表述错误，排除；根据“Over time, the Chinese first used sundials instead of shadow sticks”，可知是中国人率先使用日晷，而不是埃及人，B选项表述错误，排除；根据“The sand falls from the top of the sand-glasses to the bottom. It measures short amounts of the time”，可知沙漏只能测量短的时间，而不是长的时间，C选项表述错误，排除；根据“The level of the water in the bowls showed the time”，可知水时钟是通过水平面来展示时间的，D选项表述正确，故选D。
15.C【解析】文章主旨题。通读全文，可知文章主要介绍了在钟表发明出来之前，人们都是利用什么来计时和看时间的，故选C。
【母题来源5】【2020•新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)中考】
【母题原题】

Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form. Having a history of about 200 years, it is developed from many other drama forma, mostly from the local drama "Huiban". It was especially popular in south China during the 18th century.
Theatrical (喜剧的) art forms in many other countries do not have singing, dancing and spoken parts together in one single drama. An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage; there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play; in a dance drama, the dancer doesn't speak or sing. Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment. It includes spoken parts, singing and dancing.
Beijing Opera has spread to many other places. Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.
"You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background." This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions. Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!
36. Beijing Opera is________.
A. unpopular in north China B. only developed from the local drama "Huiban"
C. a much larger Chinese opera form D. a Chinese traditional drama art form
37. After watching Beijing Opera for the first time, the traveler felt________.
A. busy B. nervous C. interested D. uneasy
38. The underlined word "_it" in the last paragraph means ________.
A. Beijing Opera B. local dramas
C. an opera singer D. a modern play
39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Beijing Opera is a kind of entertainment.
B. An opera singer neither dances nor speaks on stage usually.
C. Only old people are interested in Beijing Opera.
D. Mei Lanfang was the first one to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners.
40. The main purpose of writing the passage is to ________.
A. ask young people to learn Beijing Opera B. tell us something about Beijing Opera
C. show why Beijing Opera is popular in Europe D. introduce everything about foreign Opera
【文章大意】本文介绍了京剧。京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。它有着近200年的历史，是在许多其他戏剧形式的基础上发展起来的。京剧，是一种娱乐。它包括说部分，唱歌和跳舞。梅兰芳是第一个把京剧介绍给外国人。
36.D【解析】细节题。根据第1段第1句“Beijing Opera is one of the Chinese traditional drama art forms and the largest Chinese opera form.（京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。）”可知“京剧是一种中国传统的戏剧艺术形式。”故选D。
37.C【解析】细节题。根据第4段“"You will doubt and sometimes be a little bored, but you will be interested gradually. You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera, even if you know nothing about the drama background." This is how one traveler described his first experience in watching Beijing Opera.（“你会怀疑，有时会有点无聊，但你会逐渐感兴趣。即使你对京剧一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引。”一位旅行者这样描述他第一次看京剧的经历。）”可知“第一次看京剧后，这位旅行者很感兴趣。”故选C。
38.A【解析】词义推断题。此句“Beijing Opera is China's national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions.”句意是：京剧是中国的民族歌剧，它充满了中国的文化传统。根据句意可知“it”指代“京剧”，故选A。
39.C【解析】细节题。根据第2段第3句“Traditional Chinese drama, including Beijing Opera, is a kind of entertainment.（中国传统戏剧，包括京剧，是一种娱乐。）”可知A正确。根据第2段第2句中“An opera singer, for example, neither dances nor speaks on stage;（例如，一个歌剧演员在舞台上既不跳舞也不讲话；）”可知B正确。根据第3段第2句“Mei Lanfang, one of the most famous performers of all, was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries.（梅兰芳是最著名的演员之一，他第一个把京剧介绍给外国人，并在国外进行了非常成功的巡回演出。）”可知D正确。根据第4段描述“你会怀疑，有时会有点无聊，但你会逐渐感兴趣。即使你对京剧一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引。”一位旅行者这样描述他第一次看京剧的经历。）”可知“第一次看京剧后，这位旅行者很感兴趣。”可知“一些外国人对京剧感兴趣，只有老年人对京剧感兴趣是错误的”，故选C。
40.B【解析】主旨题。本文主要内容：京剧是中国传统戏剧艺术形式之一，也是中国最大的戏曲形式。它有着近200年的历史，是在许多其他戏剧形式的基础上发展起来的。京剧，是一种娱乐。它包括说部分，唱歌和跳舞。梅兰芳是第一个把京剧介绍给外国人。可知“写这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们一些京剧的事情。”故选B。
【母题来源6】【2020 •四川乐山中考】
【母题原题】
Services > Using your Card
Library Cards are free to all people in California. They allow you to borrow books, magazines, CDs, and DVDs from our library. They also allow you to use the computers at the library.
Click here to apply for（申请）a Card.
★You must show your photo ID in person at the library.
★You must come to the library to receive a Card or change an expired（到期的）Card yourself. Library Cards expire after four years.
★You can always update（更新）your address, phone number and email online.
★Tell us immediately if your Card is lost or stolen.
Cards for kids and teens
The signature（签名）of a parent is needed for children（aged 13 and under）. The parent must also provide a photo ID. Teens（aged 14 to 17）use the process（流程）. However, teens who already have their own photo ID can apply without a parent's signature.
Borrowing materials（材料）
A Library Card allows you to borrow 25 things at most. You can keep each borrowed thing for more than 60 days.
If things are not returned in 60 days you should pay for them. The fine for books and magazines is $1.00 each per day. The fine for CDs and DVDs is $2.00 each per day.
31. Where can you probably find the passage?
A. In a magazine. B. On a website. C. In a story book.
32. You don't have to go to the library when you want to ____________.
A. receive a Card B. borrow a magazine C. update your information
33. If you receive your Library Card on July 21, 2020, when will the Card be out-of-date?
A. On November 21, 2020. B. On July 21, 2023. C. On July 21, 2024.
34. If you are over 17 years old, what do you need to apply for a Card?
A. Your own photo ID. B. The Card of your parent. C. Your parent's signature.
35. If you fail to return the borrowed CDs within 60 days, how much should you pay for them every day?
A. $1.00 each. B. $2.00 each. C. $3.00 each.
【文章大意】这是一说明文，本文介绍了申请图书证的方法以及使用图书证借书所遵循的规则。
31.B【解析】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了申请图书证的方法以及使用图书证借书所遵循的规则，根据“Click here”点击此处，可知这篇文章来自某个网站。故选B。
32.C【解析】细节理解题。根据“You must come to the library to receive a Card or change an expired Card yourself”，可知你必须自己到图书馆去接收图书证或更换到期的图书证，排除 A选项。根据常识，借杂志也是必须要去图书馆，排除B选项。文中并未提及必须要到图书馆更新信息，更新信息在线即可完成。故选C 。
33.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Library Cards expire after four years”，可知，图书证四年后到期。如果在2020年7 月21日收到了图书证，这张图书证会在2024年7月 21日到期。故选C。
34.A【解析】细节理解题。根据“The signature of a parent is needed for children (aged 13 and under). The parent must also provide photo ID. Teens (aged 14 to17) use the same process”可知，超过17岁想申请一张图书证，只需自己带照片的证件，而不需要父母的证件。故选A。
35.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后“The fine for CDs and DVDs is $2.00 each per day.”如果在60天以内没有归还借的CD，每天需要付2美元。故选B。

【考试方向】
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
【得分要点】
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
【母题1】【来源】【2020 • 北京市昌平区初三年级二模】
Have you ever gone to a fast-food restaurant to eat and gotten a kid's meal that came with a toy? Sometimes those meals have different toys for boys and girls —maybe a truck for the boys and a toy bear for the girls. Who decides that boys like to play with trucks and girls like to play with stuffed animals? I know many boys who like stuffed animals and lots of girls who play with trucks. When we decide what someone will like or how they will act just because they are boys or girls, we are stereotyping（形成模式化观念）.
A stereotype is a group that we put people into. Our human brains do this all the time; it's one of the ways that our brain has learned to deal with the world. We see someone and put that person into a group—for example, the old or the young, a boy or a girl. Is that a bad thing? No, it's not.
One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before. The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they cut down the amount of processing（i.e. thinking）we have to do when we meet a new person.
Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes. It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.
When we stereotype, we think of a group and give everyone in that group certain characteristics. For example, the fast food restaurant believed that all boys like to play with vehicles and all girls prefer toy animals. They did that based only on whether they were boys or girls.
Stereotypes are problems when beliefs that people have about groups are not necessarily true. Have you ever heard anyone say that "Men are better drivers than women"? Statements like this take a group of people and give all of them the same behaviors or characteristics. I know men who are good drivers, and I know women who are good drivers. It's not fair to judge all people in a group by a stereotype. We need to remember that everyone in the group is an individual who has different abilities, interests, strengths and behaviors.
30. The example of different toys for boys and girls is mentioned to show that_________.
A. boys and girls prefer different toys
B. boys and girls are treated unfairly
C. people sometimes mix children's likes
D. people have fixed ideas on things
31. Which of the following stereotypes is useful?
A. Making friends by his appearance.
B. Boys do better in science than girls.
C. Youth easily do unreasonable things.
D. Red signs on the road warn us of danger.
32. The underlined word “ignore” in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.
A. fail to notice B. fail to trust C. fail to search D. fail to face
33. What does the writer want to tell us about stereotyping?
A. Stereotyping is like a coin which has two sides.
B. It helps our brain learn to deal with similar situations.
C. Judging people by stereotyping them makes things hard.
D. Trying to learn about and form some kinds of them stereotypes.
【答案】30. D 31. D 32. A 33. A
【解析】模式化观念就是我们把人们放在某一个群体里，产生固有印象。模式化观念既有优点，也有缺点。优点是它能使我们迅速处理各种情况，简化社会世界；缺点是它会让我们忽视每个个体之间的差异。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据短文第一段的内容可知，作者先从生活中的事例出发，目的是给读者引出模式化观念这一概念，然后对它进行具体的介绍。D选项符合文意，故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，模式化观念的一个优点是使我们根据以前的相似经历，快速处理各种情况。结合生活常识可知，红色会起到警告的作用，D选项符合文意，故选D。A、B和C三项都是模式化观念产生的不好的影响。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。根据语境“It makes us ignore differences between each single person, that is, we usually think all the people in one group are the same but that might not be true.”“它使我们……每个个体之间的差异，认为一个群体里所有人都是一样的”，由此可猜测ignore意为“忽视”，即“没能注意到……”，故选A。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据短文第三段“One advantage of a stereotype is that it enables us to deal with situations rapidly because we may have had a similar experience before.”可知，这里介绍了模式化观念的优点；再根据第四段“Although grouping itself isn't bad, it can be harmful sometimes.”可知，模式化观念也有缺点。A选项“每个硬币都有两面”符合文意，故选A。B和C两个选项太片面；D选项不符合文意。
【母题2】【来源】【2020 • 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】
Round eyes, round head, round ears, round body! What is this lovely little animal? He looks like a bear. But he is not a bear. He’s a KOALA.
People in Australia love koalas and take care of them. They have set up places for them to live safely. No one can kill them for their pretty fur. When a koala is born, he has no fur. And he is not as big as your little toe！The mother koala has a pocket in the front of her body. The baby goes into this warm pocket. There he stays for six months.
When the baby leaves the pocket, he has much fur. And he is about as big as your shoe. He climbs to his mother’s back. He rides there while she teaches him how to find food. Mrs. Koala is a loving mother. She takes good care of her baby. But when he is bad, she beats him! The baby cries just as a small child does. If he keeps on crying, his mother beats him again. When he stops crying, she takes him in her arms. And then they both go to sleep for a while.
The koala could not live without a special kind of tree. The tree gives him both his home and his food. For most of the day, the koala sleeps in the tree.
At night, the koala looks for food. He may go miles to find it. He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree. He eats nothing else. And he eats more than two pounds each night!
It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia. We should protect the environment and care more about wildlife, and then we will see the smiling faces of lovely koalas again,
59. People in Australia_________.
A. set up places for koalas to live safely B. put koalas in the tree
C. raise baby koalas in their pockets D. keep koalas in their homes
60. Koalas cannot live without a special kind of tree because_________.
A. they have to keep cool under the tree B. they eat the fruit on the tree
C. they live in the tree and get food from it D. they stay in the tree all the time
61. Which of the following is True according to the passage?
A. Koalas only live in Australia and we should protect them.
B. Australians look after koalas at home and give them enough food.
C. Thousands of koalas hid themselves safely in the bush fires months ago.
D. There are no differences between our food and koalas’ food.
【答案】59. A 60. C 61. A
【解析】本文主要介绍了考拉的一些生活习性。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第2大段“They have set up places for them to live safely.”他们为它们搭建安全居住的地方。可知，故选A。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第4大段“The tree gives him both his home and his food.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考拉不仅能住在这种树上也能在树上得到食物。故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第2大段“They have set up places for them to live safely.”澳大利亚人为它们搭建安全居住的地方,再根据第6大段“It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia. We should protect the environment and care more about wildlife,”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火死了，我们应该保护自然和野生动物。根据常识可知，考拉只生活在澳大利亚，我们应该保护它们是正确的，故A正确；根据第4大段“The tree gives him both his home and his food.”这种树给他家和食物。可知，考拉住在树上而不是家里，故B错误；根据第6大段“It’s a pity that thousands of koalas were killed by bush fires months ago in Australia.”很遗憾澳大利亚的数千只考拉因为数月前的大火死了，可知，不是藏起来了，故C错误；根据第5大段“He likes only the bark (树皮) and the leaves of the tree.”他只喜欢树皮和树叶，可知，考拉的食物和我们的食物有很大的差别，故D错误。故选A。
【母题3】【来源】【2020 • 江西省宜春市高安市二模】
Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers.
Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops.
Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn’t like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school that taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.
37 What can we know about Confucius from the passage?
A. He was once a farmer guiding people farming.
B. He was born in a politician family.
C. He once acted as a math teacher.
D. He devoted himself to social change.
38. The underlined word “subjects”(in Paragraph 3 ) can be replaced by _______.
A. themes B. courses C. people D. tests
39. According to the author, which is the most important to keep peace?
A. Self-discipline. B. Self-confidence. C. Respect. D. Equality.
40. What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism?
A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disappointed. D. Hopeful.
【答案】37. D 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】文章介绍了我国古代教育家、政治家、哲学家孔子的生平。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education.孔子周游列国，教中国人自律和教育的重要性；可知他致力于社会的改变；故选D。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。themes主题；courses课程；people人；tests测验；根据 He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. 他想找的一个方法帮助比他更不幸的人，可知不喜欢统治者对待他们的“人”的方式；故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. 可知保持和平自律是最重要的；故选A。
【40题详解】
观点态度题。根据Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.孔子被全世界纪念他的教育、平等的观点，和平战胜战争、金钱和不平等；可知作者对孔子的态度是支持；故选B。
【母题4】【来源】【2020 • 山东省济南市槐荫区二模】
Animal Farm is an English book written by George Orwell in 1945. It tells a story about farm animals. The animals can't stand Mr. Jones the farmer. He treats them badly, so they decide to kick him off the farm and run the farm themselves.
One day an old pig called Old Major gathers the animals around him. He tells them that all animals should stand together. He says they should control the farm.
After they get rid of（摆脱） Mr. Jones, two pigs become the leaders of Animal Farm. One pig called Snowball is a great speaker. He has great ideas for Animal Farm. The other leader is a pig called Napoleon. Napoleon is a crafty animal. He brings together supporters by offering them advantages.
Napoleon makes a war against Snowball and kicks him away from the farm. He turns Snowball into a big enemy. He says that Snowball is working with Farmer Jones and other farmers to destroy（毁灭） Animal Farm. In fact, it is Napoleon who is working with the enemies of the animals. But he tlls the animals that he is working for them. The animals work hard, but it seems that it is as bad to live under Napoleon as it was under Farmer Jones!
Why is the book so important and popular?
Animal Farm is an excellent choice for learners of English because it's very short. The language is also simple.
Like many other famous novels, Animal Farm is not just a book. It was broadcast on the BBC radio in 1947. It has been made into movies twice. The first one, made in 1954, was a cartoon. In 1984, another movie was made. The famous book was also made into a play, and it was put on at the National Theater London in 1984. The play toured nine cities in 1985.
51. Which of the following is NOT a character in the book Animal Farm?　 　
A. Mr. Jones. B. Napoleon. C. Snowball D. George Orwell
52. The animals decide to run the farm themselves because　 　.
A. the farmer does not treat them well
B. they cannot understand the farmer at all
C. they are much smarter than the farmer
D. the farmer tries to kick them off the farm
53. The word "crafty" in Paragraph 3 most probably means "　 　" in Chinese.
A. 仁慈的 B. 狡猾的 C. 公正的 D. 豁达的
54. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the book Animal Farm?　 　
A. It is the best book for children to read.
B. It didn't become very popular until 1985.
C. It is a long novel with simple language.
D. It was made into a cartoon movie in 1954
55. What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?　 　
A. To sell an old book cheaply.
B. To save farm animals in danger.
C. To introduce a famous novel.
D. To show how to make up a story.
【答案】51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. C
【解析】这篇短文主要介绍了《动物庄园》这本书的故事情节进行了描述。
【51题详解】
细节理解。根据文中“The animals can't stand Mr. Jones, the farmer.” 动物们受不了农夫琼斯先生。及下文“After they get rid of（摆脱） Mr. Jones, two pigs become the leaders of Animal Farm. One pig called Snowball is a great speaker. He has great ideas for Animal Farm. The other leader is a pig called Napoleon.” 在他们除掉琼斯先生之后，两只猪成了动物农场的领头人。一只叫Snowball的猪是个很棒的演说家。他对动物农场有很好的想法。另一个首领是一头叫Napoleon.的猪。可知，George Orwell不是《动物庄园》的人物。故选D。
【52题详解】
细节理解。根据文中“The animals can't stand Mr. Jones, the farmer. He treats them badly, so they decide to kick him off the farm and run the farm themselves.” 动物们受不了农夫琼斯先生。他对他们不好，所以他们决定把他赶出农场，自己经营农场。可知，是农夫对他们不好。故选A。
【53题详解】
词句猜测。根据文中“He turns Snowball into a big enemy. He says that Snowball is working with Farmer Jones and other farmers to destroy（毁灭） Animal Farm. In fact, it is Napoleon who is working with the enemies of the animals.” 他把Snowball变成了一个大敌人。他说，Snowball正与农民琼斯和其他农民合作，摧毁动物养殖场。事实上，正是Napoleon在与动物的敌人合作。可知上文中说的“Napoleon is a crafty animal.” Napoleon是一个狡诈的动物。Crafty的意思是“狡诈的”。故选B。
【54题详解】
推理判断。根据文中“Why is the book so important and popular?” 为什么这本书如此重要和受欢迎？可知文中并没有说这本书是孩子们读的最好的书。选项A“It is the best book for children to read.”说法错误；根据文中“The play toured nine cities in 1985.” 1985年9个城市巡回演出。可知选项B“It didn't become very popular until 1985.”说法错误的；根据文中“Animal Farm is an excellent choice for learners of English because it's very short. The language is also simple.” 动物农场是英语学习者的一个很好的选择，因为它很短。语言也很简单。可知选项C“It is a long novel with simple language.”说法错误的；根据文中“The first one, made in 1954, was a cartoon.”1954年制成了卡通片。选项D“The first one, made in 1954, was a cartoon.”说法是正确的。故选D。
【55题详解】
主旨大意。根据文中“Animal Farm is an English book written by George Orwell in 1945. It tells a story about farm animals.”可知，这篇短文主要介绍了《动物庄园》这本书的内容。故选C。
【母题5】【来源】【2020 • 广东省珠海市香洲区二模】
Has anyone ever told you that eating carrots will help you see in the dark? This is just one of many incorrect beliefs you may have heard. Below, TEENS has picked out scientific explanations for three mistakes that people make about their eyes. Let's take a look.
Can eating carrots improve your eyesight?
Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which helps the eyes to turn light into information for your brain. This allows people to see in darker places. However, eating more carrots won't help you see better. A certain minimum amount will help, but a large number of carrots will not give you superhuman vision.
If your parents have bad eyesight, will you have bad eyesight, too?
Myopia( 近 视 ) can be passed from parents to children. A study by the American Optometric Association found that if both parents are myopic, there's a 33 to 60 percent chance that their child will be. For children who have one parent with myopia, the chance is 23 to 40 percent, and it's down to 6 to 15 percent for kids with non-myopic parents. So if your eyesight is bad, your children might still have good vision.
Do color blind people see the world in black and white?
Color blindness doesn't usually mean that people see the world like an old movie. They usually can't tell certain colors apart, especially green and red. Another commonly confused pair of colors is yellow and blue. Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light. If these cells don't work properly, color blindness occurs. There are different levels of color blindness. Some people are only color blind in low light. However, in the most serious form of color blindness, everything is shades of gray.
26. According to the article, eating carrots________.
A. stops the brain from seeing B. doesn't help you see better at all
C. will help you see clearly in the dark D. is good for your eyes to some degree
27. If both parents have myopia, their child's chance of having good eyesight is________.
A. 40-67% B. 33-60% C. 23-40% D. 6-15%
28. The underline word“occurs”in this passage probably means________.
A. 恶化 B. 发生 C. 改善 D. 加深
29. What is the cause of color blindness according to the text?
A. Watching movies for too long . B. Getting too little exercise.
C. Cone cells not working properly. D. Changes in the wavelength of light.
30. What is the purpose of the article?
A. To offer some advice on protecting your eyes.
B. To clear up some misunderstandings about our eyes.
C. To provide help for improving your vision.
D. To explain how bad eyesight and color blindness form.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释，消除一些关于人们眼睛的误解。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第二段Can eating carrots improve your eyesight? 里的内容“Carrots …which helps the eyes to turn light into information for your brain. This allows people to see in darker places. However, eating more carrots won't help you see better.”可知胡萝卜富能帮助眼睛将光线转化为大脑的信息。这使得人们可以在黑暗的地方看到东西。然而，多吃胡萝卜并不能帮助你看得更好。也就是说吃胡萝卜在某种程度上对眼睛有好处。故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第三段If your parents have bad eyesight, will you have bad eyesight, too? 里的内容“…both parents are myopic, there's a 33 to 60 percent chance that their child will be.”可知如果父母都是近视眼，他们的孩子有33%到60%的几率近视。那么他们的孩子有40%到67%的几率拥有好的视力。故选A。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文中第四段Do color blind people see the world in black and white?中“Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light.”可知我们的眼睛有锥形细胞，可以感知不同波长的光。“ If these cells don't work properly…”如果这些细胞不能正常运转，那么色盲就会发生。所以“occurs”是发生的含义。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“Our eyes have cone cells (视锥细胞) that sense different wavelengths of light. If these cells don't work properly, color blindness occurs.”可知视锥细胞如果不能正常运转，就会导致产生色盲。故选C。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“TEENS has picked out scientific explanations for three mistakes that people make about their eyes. Let's take a look.”可知青少年们为人们对眼睛所犯的三个错误做出了科学的解释。让我们看看。故选B。
【母题6】【来源】【2020 • 浙江省宁波市慈溪市一模】
Painting and writing on walls is nothing new. In prehistoric times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves. Graffiti has been found at ancient sites in Greece, Italy, Syria and Iraq. In the Roman town of Pompeii in Italy, archaeologists found a lot of graffiti written in Latin, including political and romantic messages, and even some magic spells!
In the 1970s, young people in New York used pens to write their names, or "tags", on walls around the city. One of the first "taggers" was Demetrius, a teenager from a Greek family. He wrote his tag on walls in his neighborhood on the way to school. Other teenagers saw Demetrius's tag and started writing their own tags on walls, buses and subway trains all over New York. Then, some teenagers stopped using pens and started using paints. Their tags were bigger and more colorful and appeared on trains, buses and walls around the city. In the 1990s and 2000s, a lot of graffiti artists started to draw pictures on buildings in public places.
In many countries, it is a crime to paint on public walls and street artists can have problems with the police. In some other countries, street art is permitted in certain places. Nowadays, street art is more popular with the public. In some cities, there are street art festivals. In Bristol in the UK, there is a street art festival in August every year. Artists paint all the buildings in a street. Lots of people come to watch the artists and take photos. Street art can be seen in galleries too. There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries in Paris, London and Los Angeles.
Most street artists are young people who paint in their neighborhood or home city. Many of them use the Internet to communicate and share photos of their pictures with other street artists around the world. Although we don't know what will happen to street art in the future, we can be sure that it is here to stay!
25. "Graffiti" in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. drawings and writing on public walls
B. exhibitions of street art in galleries
C. street art festivals around the world
D. photos of art works on the Internet.
26. Graffiti in ancient times includes all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. pictures of animals B. magic spells
C. romantic messages D. names of people.
27. What's the correct order of the development of graffiti art in New York?
①A teenager called Demetrius wrote his own tag on walls in his neighborhood.
②Many graffiti artists started to draw pictures on public walls around the city.
③Some teenagers wrote their tags on walls, buses and subway trains around the city.
④Bigger and more colorful tags appeared on trains, buses and walls all over the city.
A. ①③④② B. ③①②④ C. ②④③① D. ④①③②.
28. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The first graffiti artist appeared in ancient America.
B. Many street artists share their works online nowadays.
C. It's not allowed to hold street art festivals in England.
D. There is an exhibition of street art in Italy every year.
【答案】25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B
【解析】这篇短文介绍了街头涂鸦自古就有。作者介绍了纽约的街头涂鸦的发展及不同国家对待街头涂鸦的态度。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据上文“Painting and writing on walls is nothing new. In prehistoric times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves.”可知Graffiti指Painting and writing on walls，故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“In the Roman town of Pompeii in Italy, archaeologists found a lot of graffiti written in Latin, including political and romantic messages, and even some magic spells!”及“In prehistoric times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves.”可知古代的涂鸦没有提及人名，故选D。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据短文第二段介绍纽约的涂鸦发展可知，首先是一个叫德米特里厄斯的少年在他附近的墙上写了他自己的签名。而后一些青少年把他们的标签写在墙上，公共汽车和地铁上，然后更大、更丰富多彩的标签出现在火车、公共汽车和城市的墙上，最后许多涂鸦艺术家开始在城市周围的公共墙上画画。故选A。
【28题详解】
判断正误题。根据“In prehistoric times, people in Africa and Europe painted pictures of animals and people in caves”可知最初的街头涂鸦起源于非洲和欧洲，不是美洲，A选项表述错误；根据“In Bristol in the UK, there is a street art festival in August every year”，可知每年八月英国都会有艺术节，C选项表述错误；根据“There have been exhibitions of street art in galleries in Paris, London and Los Angeles”，可知每年巴黎、伦敦和洛杉矶会举办街头艺术展，没提及意大利，D选项表述错误；根据“Many of them use the Internet to communicate and share photos of their pictures with other street artists around the world.”可知现在许多街头艺术家在网上交流并分享他们的作品，B选项表述正确，故选B。