2023届统考版高考英语二轮专项分层特训阅读理解保分练(八)主旨大意题——标题归纳类含答案

阅读理解保分练(八)　主旨大意题——标题归纳类

A

[2022·云南省高三检测]A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting to the heirs (继承人) of a German Jewish couple who had their property (财产) stolen by the Nazi regime before World War Ⅱ.

Blumenstilleben (Still Life with Flowers) painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth, was among dozens of artworks stolen by the Nazis from Gustav and Emma Mayer. The couple fled Frankfurt to Belgium in 1938, and later settled in the UK.

After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. The authorities at the time failed to establish the original owner.

In 2008, the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting, after which it was eventually contacted by a lawyer representing the grandchildren of the Mayers. The Belgian government promised to return the artwork to the couple's grandchildren last year. Museum workers finally took down the painting on Thursday and wheeled it off to deliver to the family.

“They are very happy. I'm sure it's a very emotional moment for them，” lawyer Imke Gielen said, as quoted by Ouest­France.

Museum Director Michel Draguet said, “I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics (道德) and that we are dealing with history.”

Last month, the French parliament approved the return of 15 paintings, including Gustav Klimt's Rosiers sous les arbres (Rosebushes under the Trees) and Marc Chagall's Le Père, to the heirs of Jewish families who had their property looted (掠夺) by the Nazis.

1．How did the museum find the owners of the painting?

A．By publicizing the search.

B．By consulting history experts.

C．By checking relevant documents.

D．By contacting local lawyers.

2．What did Michel Draguet think about returning the painting?

A．It was pleasant.

B．It was an emotional action.

C．It was unforgettable.

D．It was a rightful action.

3．Which painting shows flowers in a vase, as mentioned in the text?

A．Blumenstilleben.

B．Rosiers sous les arbres.

C．Le Père.

D．Les Nymphéas.

4．What is a suitable title for the text?

A．Should Stolen Treasures Be Returned to Original Owners?

B．Is It Legal to Keep German Nazi Property in Museums?

C．The Museum Has Returned a Painting Looted by the Nazis Many Years Ago

D．In Search of Artworks Lost During World War Ⅱ

B

[2022·成都市高三检测]Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth's surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two­thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one­third comes from the biophysical effects—their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.

“Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating，” Lawrence says.

This,__in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.

To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world's forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.

“Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that are close to the forests，” Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. “Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves，” Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extreme weather events are minimized.”

This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate system, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.

5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The tree leaves in forests.

B．The shade provided by trees.

C．The surrounding area in forests.

D．The water circulation done by trees.

6．How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests?

A．By removing some other factors.

B．By comparing data of different times.

C．By studying the contributions separately.

D．By measuring the temperature in different places.

7．What is the significance of Lawrence's study?

A．It develops a new climate model.

B．It matters in limiting extreme weather.

C．It highlights the dangers of deforestation.

D．It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.

8．What's the best title of the text?

A．Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge

B．Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung

C．Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles

D．Forests: Guardians of Local Communities

C

[2022·武汉市高三模拟]The city of Venice, Italy, has finally made a long­awaited decision. Starting on August 1, 2021, cruise ships (游轮) will no longer be allowed to enter the city's waters.

Contrary to popular opinion, these cruise ship visitors contribute relatively little to the local tourism economy. The New York Times reported cruise ship passengers amount to 73% of visitors, but contribute a mere 18% of tourism dollars. “The percentage is inverted for people who spend at least one night at a hotel; They represent 14% of visitors, but 48% of the business.”

Many people are overjoyed by the news, especially environmental activists. Firstly, the cruise ships would disturb the waterways and erode (侵蚀) the foundations of already weak buildings. A 2019 study published in Nature found the waves created by large ships could “redistribute industrial pollutants already present in the waters”. Others have said these same waves carve huge holes in the underwater bottoms of buildings, making them unstable. Furthermore, when canals are deepened in order to allow larger boats, it destroys coastal habitats and makes floods worse. This is part of the reason why, in recent years, Venice has experienced terrible flooding that completely flooded St. Mark's Square and other landmarks.

The announcement came as a surprise as many did not expect the regional government to act so swiftly. In April a projected ban was issued, but it depended on finding an alternative port for the ships—a requirement that local people complained could take years to achieve. The announcement made last week, however, did away with that condition, allowing the city to move forward quickly with the ban.

Hopefully, more travelers are also realizing industrial­style tourism is a terrible way to travel for many reasons. It's not unlike industrial agriculture and fast fashion in that its goal is to force as many sights, landmarks, and countries into a tight schedule as possible, for as little money as possible. Its concentration on convenience erodes human connections, and preservation of meaningful spots that make travel so valuable in the first place.

9．What does the underlined word “inverted” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Increased slightly.

B．Looked down upon.

C．Adjusted accordingly.

D．Turned upside down.

10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．Reasons for Venice's terrible floods.

B．Dangers cruise ships brought about.

C．Reaction to the long­awaited decision.

D．Damage erosion waves did to buildings.

11．What is Venetians' attitude toward the April ban?

A．Unclear.    B．Hopeful.

C．Doubtful.    D．Favorable.

12．What is the best title for the text?

A．Venice Says “No” to Cruise Ships

B．The Long­awaited Decision Is Made

C．Cruise Ships Erode Ancient Venice

D．Venice Tries to Preserve Its Waterway

[答题区]

阅读理解保分练（八）

A

语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与社会——历史与文化——博物馆归还画作

【文章大意】　比利时皇家美术博物馆将二战前纳粹掠夺走的画作归还给了一对德国犹太夫妇的后人。

1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting”可知，该博物馆向公众征集信息，从而确定画作的主人，故A项正确。

2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Michel Draguet所说的“I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics （道德）”可知，Michel Draguet认为归还画作的行为是正确的，是遵循道德的，故D项正确。rightful “正确的；公正的；合法的”。

3．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Blumenstilleben （Still Life with Flowers） painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth”和第三段中的“After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium”以及语境可以推断，Blumenstilleben就是那幅关于装在花瓶里的花的画作，故A项正确。

4．答案与解析：C　标题归纳题。分析文章类型可知，本文是一则新闻报道。综合全文内容，尤其是第一段“A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting...before World War Ⅱ”可知，本文主要讲述了比利时的一个美术博物馆将二战前纳粹从一对德国犹太夫妇那里掠夺走的画作归还给了其后人的故事，故C项适合作本文的标题。

B

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——森林对周围环境的降温作用

【文章大意】　森林像海绵一样吸收二氧化碳，在冷却地球表面方面起着至关重要的作用，但一项研究表明它们的冷却能力只有三分之二来自吸收并储存二氧化碳的能力。另外三分之一来自生物物理效应——它们能够制造云层、使空气潮湿和释放冷却化学物质。

5．答案与解析：D　代词猜测题。根据第二段中的“they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating”可知，它们也通过从地面吸水并从叶子中释放水分来使空气湿润，这有助于周围地区降温，类似于出汗。由此可知，This指代的是树木的水循环。故选D。

6．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To quantify （量化） these effects, Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude （纬度）”可知，Lawrence是通过单独研究森林的贡献来量化森林的生物物理效应的。故选C。

7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally”“Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves”及最后一段的内容可知，Lawrence的研究的意义在于它为保护工作提供了科学依据。故选D。

8．答案与解析：A　标题归纳题。根据Lawrence的研究可知，降温作用只是森林的其中一个作用。由此可知，A项“Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge”（森林：不仅仅是一块碳海绵）最适合作本文标题。

C

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——旅游——威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域

【文章大意】　2021年8月1日起，威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域。本文主要讲述了人们对此禁令的反应、游轮的危害和工业风格旅游的危害等。

9．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“cruise ship passengers amount to 73% of visitors, but contribute a mere 18% of tourism dollars”“They represent 14% of visitors, but 48% of the business”可以看出，游客比例和创收方面是不对应的，是“反向的”，故D项与画线词的意思最为接近。

10．答案与解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“disturb the waterways and erode （侵蚀） the foundations of already weak buildings...carve huge holes in the underwater bottoms of buildings, making them unstable...destroys coastal habitats and makes floods worse”可知，本段主要讲了游轮带来的危害，故B项正确。

11．答案与解析：C　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“local people complained could take years to achieve”可以看出，威尼斯人对4月份的禁令持怀疑的态度，故C项正确。

12．答案与解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Starting on August 1, 2021, cruise ships （游轮） will no longer be allowed to enter the city's waters”可知，本文主要讲述了威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域，故A项最适合作本文的标题。