人教英语7年级上册 可数名词与不可数名词 教案
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学科 | 英语 | 年级/册 | 七年级(上) | 教材版本 | 人教版 |
课题名称 | 《可数名词与不可数名词》 | ||||
难点名称 | 掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法 | ||||
难点分析 | 从知识角度分析为什么难 |
可数名词的规则变化和不规则变化。
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从学生角度分析为什么难 | 特殊可数名词常考复数 | ||||
难点教学方法 |
课件展示,讲解陈述,练习巩固 | ||||
教学环节 | 教学过程 | ||||
导入 | 首先在PPT中导入学习目标,了解和辨认可数名词和不可数名词的概念,再引入一些其它图片。 | ||||
知识讲解 (难点突破) | 一、名词的概念:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二、名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词。 (一) 普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数,也可用作复数。 可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体,如:girl;desk;dog;window; book;pen等)和集体名词(由若干个体组成的集合体,如:family;class;people等)。 不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的实物,如:water;paper;silk;honey;cream;money等)和抽象名词(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念,如:work;happiness;music;difficulty;beauty; youth;poverty等)。 (二) 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等,如:Tom;the Great Wall;the Spring Festival;France;China;Christmas等。 三、名词的数: (一) 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有以下几种: 1. 规则变化: (1) 一般情况下,在词尾加s。例如: book—books;hat—hats;pencil—pencils;girl—girls 以清辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为/s/,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为/z/。 在/p//t//k//f/等清辅音后→/s/:cups;cats;books;photographs 在/b//d//g//v/等浊辅音后→/z/:cards;bags;knives;labs;lions (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,变复数时,要在词尾加-es。例如: beach—beaches,brush—brushes,bus—buses,box—boxes, class—classes, glass—glasses,lunch—lunches (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加-es。例如: baby—babies city—cities,family—families, country—countries,strawberry—strawberries(ies读音为[iz]) 注意:以“元音字母 + y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s。例如: holidays;days;plays;ways;donkeys;boys;toys (4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词,变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加-es。例如: wife—wives,leaf—leaves,half—halves,knife—knives, thief—thieves shelf—shelves(ves读音为[vz]) 2. 不规则变化: (1)以o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加-s。例如: zoo—zoos; radio—radios; photo—photos; piano—pianos, kangaroo—kangaroos 而有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”。 negro—negroes; hero—heroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes (2)有些名词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而是变换其中的字母。例如: man—men;woman—women;policeman—policemen; Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—Frenchmen; foot—feet; tooth—teeth; child—children;mouse—mice;ox—oxen(公牛) (3) 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。例如: Chinese—Chinese;Japanese—Japanese;sheep—sheep;deer—deer (4) 复合名词: ① 前面的名词是man或woman,变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式。例如: man teacher—men teachers; woman driver—women drivers ② 如果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。例如: boy student—boy students; apple tree—apple trees ③与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。例如: brother-in-law — brothers-in-law; passer-by — passers-by。 (5) 有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数。例如: roof—roofs,chief—chiefs,gulf—gulfs (6)某国人的复数 口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。例如: Chinese(中国人)—Chinese; Japanese(日本人)—Japanese Englishman(英国人)—Englishmen;Frenchman(法国人)—Frenchmen German(德国人)— Germans;American(美国人)—Americans (7)有些名词通常只用作复数。例如: glasses眼镜;clothes衣服;goods货物;trousers裤子 (8)集体名词的数: ① 有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people;cattle;police ② 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。 例如: This family is a big family. My family are watching TV. There are 50 students in this class. The class are listening to their teacher. (二) 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但是可以用一些量词来表示不可数名词的数量。 (1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)1ittle,a lot of/lots of,some,any等词修饰。例如: much money;a little bread;a lot of ice cream;some juice (2) 表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。例如: a bottle of milk;a glass of water; a can of beer; a piece of paper; two bottles of milk;two pieces of paper; two glasses of water 注意:我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数”这一结构表示可数名词的数量。例如: a box of oranges;two bags of books;a room of students (三)有些词,单数形式和复数形式的词义不同,需特别注意。例如: sand沙—sands沙滩;chicken鸡肉—a chicken小鸡;orange橘汁—an orange橘子; room空间、余地—a room房间;good(好处,益处)—goods(货物); custom(风俗) —customs(海关);spirit(精神) —spirits(情绪);manner(方式) —manners(礼貌); force—forces(武装力量);communication(通讯)—communications(通讯系统,通讯工具); cloth(布)—clothes(衣服);content(内容) —contents(目录); convenience(便利)—conveniences(便利设备);humanity(人类)—humanities(人文科学);necessity(需要) —necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)—pains(辛劳); ruin(毁灭)—ruins(废墟,遗迹);wood(木材)—woods(树林); work(工作)—works(工厂,著作);air—airs(架子,神气)。
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课堂练习 (难点巩固) | 、用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people) in his family. 6. Let’s take________(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn yellow. 9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new. 11. I have three foreign friends. They are ________(American). 12. They are________(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please? 14. There are many________(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty. 三、将下列词组译成汉语。 1. 三杯牛奶 ____________________ 2. 一袋大米________________________ 3. 三篮子苹果 _____________ 4. 一碗面条________________________ 5. 四盒子书 __________________ 6. 六片面包________________________ 7. 五张纸______________ 8. 三听橘汁 ________________________ 9.八条新闻 ___________________ 10. 一箱香蕉 _______________________
【拓展训练】 四、选择填空。 1. The deer has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots 2. Her two brothers are both ______. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens 3. There are four _____ and two ______ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans 4. Two ______ will come to the village. A. woman-doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctors 5. Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse 6. The _____ has two ______. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches D. boys, watch 7. The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths 8. The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study. A. woman B. women C. man D. men 9. There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table. A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss 10. The cat caught two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
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小结 | 课后继续关注学生掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法,让学生们能对这个语法熟练掌握。 |
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