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中考英语（人教新目标） 中考英语专项 复习课件
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这是一份中考英语（人教新目标） 中考英语专项 复习课件，共54页。PPT课件主要包含了 名 词，教学重点， 不可数，主谓一致，work job，cookcooker等内容，欢迎下载使用。
可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用3.名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析
名词{ 专有名词
可数{
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词
（teacher，chair，bk)
（plice，peple，family)
（如：Tm，China，the United States,January,Mnday)
(water,ice,wd，sunshine)
(happiness，lve，knwledge)
名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an，ne来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前, an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a bk，a student * an English bk，an eraser * an hur an hnest by
factry-factries
leaf -- leaves
可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化(1) 一般在词尾加“s”/s/r/z/* dg – dgs * bk – bks * map – maps * tree – trees(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加“es”/iz/*bx – bxes *watch – watches *bus– buses *brush – brushes 注：stmach/k/ – stmachs
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/ * cuntry – cuntries * baby – babies * factry – factries * party – parties* library – libraries *dictinary–dictinaries 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” * by – bys *hliday-hlidays * ty-tys *mnkey – mnkeys
(4)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ 树叶 半数 自己黄， leaf-leaves，half-halves，self-selves 妻子拿刀去杀狼，wife-wives，knife-knives，wlf-wlves 架后小偷逃命忙。shelf-shelves，thief-thieves
(5) 以结尾的名词,没有生命的加s,读作/z/.动物园里有一架钢琴，上面摆着一张收音机的照片。z-zs，pian-pians，radi-radis，pht-phts有生命的加es,读作/z/.黑人、英雄爱吃西红柿、土豆。negr-negres，her-heres，tmat-tmates，ptat-ptates
中国人，日本人，爱吃鱼、鹿、羊
Chinese-Chinese ，Japanese-Japanese ，fish-fish ，deer -deer ，sheep-sheep
(1)表里如一（单复同形）
男人、女人、小孩的脚踩了老鼠的牙
man-men，wman-wmen，child-children，ft-feet，muse-mice，tth-teeth
区别： (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)
Chinese（中国人）-Chinese ，Japanese（日本人）-Japanese ；Englishman（英国人）-Englishmen，Frenchman（法国人）-Frenchmen；German(德国人) – Germans，Russian（俄罗斯人）-RussiansAmerican（美国人）-Americans，Indian（印度人）-Indians，Italian（意大利人）-Italians，Krean（韩国人）-Kreans
(3)常以复数形式出现的名词（表示由两部分构成的东西）shes，scissrs，jeans，glves，earrings，trusers，scks，glasses，chpsticks这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My shes are newer than yurs.若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair（对，双）suit（套）a pair f glasses，tw pairs f shes
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And they are talking abut______. A．wman; children B．wman; child C．wmen; children2. There are three in my family. A. peple B. persn C. child3. Sme ______ came t ur schl fr a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
4. In the picture there are many______ and tw_______. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are fur_______and tw_______in the grup. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans
★不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.
常见的不可数名词water cffee milk tea juice fish meat chicken prk beef chalk time space music mney weather wd news medicine infrmatin rice fd hney ygurtwrk hmewrk husewrk knwledge advice
2 不可数名词的数 （1) a lt f/lts f, sme, much, a little, plenty f ,a bit f,a large number f+不可数名词 (2) 数词+容器+f+不可数名词a glass f water—tw glasses f watera bwl f rice —three bwls f rice a piece f paper—fur pieces f paper
单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Sme bread is ver there. *N news is gd news.
不可数名词不能直接被a, an, ne, tw等修饰，常用much, a little, little, a lt f, lts f, sme, any，plenty f 等修饰 *They had much mney. *He des little husewrk at hme. * a rice (X) tw bread (X)
可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+f+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag f apples *a piece f paper *three glasses f range
巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五杯橘汁 （5）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶
a cup f tea
a bwl f rice
tw kils f meat
five glasses f range juice
a pair f shes
many bttles f milk
4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) wrk(工作) – a wrk(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)
1. Please give me ______ paper. A. ne B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece f2. This table is made f_______. A. many glass B. sme glasses C. glasses D. glass3. —What can I d fr yu, sir? —I'd like tw_________. A.bttle f milk B.bttles f milks C.bttles f milk D.bttle f milks4. We can d the wrk better with______mney and ________ peple. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few
当peple, class, family, team, grup, public, plice 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。
e.g The class are waiting fr her. Tm’s family _____ rather big. Tm’s family _________ film fans.
2.news, maths, plitics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。
e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths ___ nt easy fr him.
专有名词：1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Ga2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Mnday Tuesday January February4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day Wmen’s Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day Natinal Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day Mther’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP
名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s” Kangkang’s father Lucy’s bk 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 Teachers’ ffice The Greens’ huse
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” * Children’ s Day * men’ s shes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用f加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the clr f the wall *a picture f the classrm
5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;
Jenny and Helen’s rm
6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间
Jenny’s and Helen’s rms
7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 –’s 构成所有格
2小时路程 北京最好的公园 今日的报纸
tw hurs’ walk=tw-hur walk
Beijing’s best park
tday’s newspaper
at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s hme at a tailr’s = at a tailr’s shp
9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格
a silk hat cttn clth
a cffee cup
8. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词
tw mnths’ vacatin a mile’s distance
1 广东的省会2 教室的门3 我父亲的一个朋友4 他的两个兄弟5 爱迪生的一些发明6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)
the capital f Guangdng
the drs f the classrm
a friend f my father’s
tw brthers f his
sme inventins f Edisn’s
a picture f his brther’s
a picture f his brther
名词的所有格 Practice
1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child2. The tw bedrm are the ____. A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
3. Lucy is ____ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
4. It’s ____frm ur schl t my hme.ten minutes’ walk ten minute’s walkC. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
★名词的用法 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * There are three banana trees ver there. 2. man wman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all wmen wrkers. 3.sprts,clthes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sprts star *a clthes shp
小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hspital needs tw___dctrs, Mrs. Li. Yu can ask yur sn t have a try. A. wmen B. man C.wman D. men
1. The mdel plane was made by a ____ by. A. ten-years-ld B. ten-year-lder C. ten-year-ld D. ten-year ld
2 Where is Tm?---He has gne t the _____.A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s D. teachers’
★名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 * my aunt’s ( hme） (我姑姑家） * g t the teachers’ ( ffice） (去老师办公室） 特别记忆下列用t表示的所有格：the key t the lck/dr the key/answer t the questin
1 . Culd yu please get me sme ________? I’m hungry. A. appleB. water C. bread D. egg2. Smething is wrng with my___. I can’t see anything arund me. A. nse B. ears C. eyes D. muth3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it. A. flwers B. grass C. villages D. water
4. --- Hw far is yur cusin’s hme frm here? --- It’s abut tw ______ drive. hur’s B. hurs C. hurs’ D. hur5. Ya Ming did a gd jb in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favrite ______A. wrker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
6.All the ______ teachers enjyed themselves n March 8th，because it was their wn hliday. A．man B. men C. wman D. wmen7.Ten hurs____(be) nt eugh fr us t d it.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析1
工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动 不可数名词
工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词
我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。
I like gardens t, but I dn’t like hard wrk.
She is lking fr a jb.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析2
He is a gd ck.
你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？
Is yur cker gas r electric?
考点四 常考名词词义辨析3
prblem questin
困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题
疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题
你能解出这道数学题吗？
Can yu wrk ut the maths prblem?
他在课堂上问了很多问题。
He asked a lt f questins in class.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析4
Sund vice nise
I hate the lud nise utside.
Listen! Can yu hear the sund f running water?
Let’s say it in a lud vice.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析5
Rad street way
There are many buildings n bth sides f the street.
He is driving fast alng the rad.
Can yu shw me the way t the museum?
考点四 常考名词词义辨析6
hme huse family
My ________ is very large.我的房子很大。
I always g ______ n ft.我通常都是走路回家。
My _______ is a happy ne.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
考点四 常考名词词义辨析7
amunt number
an amunt f mney
a number f students
考点四 常考名词词义辨析8
weather climate
What’s the weather like tday?
这儿的气候不适合你的健康。
The climate here is nt gd fr yur health.
可数名词与不可数名词2.名词的作用3.名词的所有格4.名词词义辨析
名词{ 专有名词
可数{
名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词
（teacher，chair，bk)
（plice，peple，family)
（如：Tm，China，the United States,January,Mnday)
(water,ice,wd，sunshine)
(happiness，lve，knwledge)
名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an，ne来修饰注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前, an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a bk，a student * an English bk，an eraser * an hur an hnest by
factry-factries
leaf -- leaves
可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化(1) 一般在词尾加“s”/s/r/z/* dg – dgs * bk – bks * map – maps * tree – trees(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加“es”/iz/*bx – bxes *watch – watches *bus– buses *brush – brushes 注：stmach/k/ – stmachs
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”/iz/ * cuntry – cuntries * baby – babies * factry – factries * party – parties* library – libraries *dictinary–dictinaries 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” * by – bys *hliday-hlidays * ty-tys *mnkey – mnkeys
(4)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ 树叶 半数 自己黄， leaf-leaves，half-halves，self-selves 妻子拿刀去杀狼，wife-wives，knife-knives，wlf-wlves 架后小偷逃命忙。shelf-shelves，thief-thieves
(5) 以结尾的名词,没有生命的加s,读作/z/.动物园里有一架钢琴，上面摆着一张收音机的照片。z-zs，pian-pians，radi-radis，pht-phts有生命的加es,读作/z/.黑人、英雄爱吃西红柿、土豆。negr-negres，her-heres，tmat-tmates，ptat-ptates
中国人，日本人，爱吃鱼、鹿、羊
Chinese-Chinese ，Japanese-Japanese ，fish-fish ，deer -deer ，sheep-sheep
(1)表里如一（单复同形）
男人、女人、小孩的脚踩了老鼠的牙
man-men，wman-wmen，child-children，ft-feet，muse-mice，tth-teeth
区别： (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)
Chinese（中国人）-Chinese ，Japanese（日本人）-Japanese ；Englishman（英国人）-Englishmen，Frenchman（法国人）-Frenchmen；German(德国人) – Germans，Russian（俄罗斯人）-RussiansAmerican（美国人）-Americans，Indian（印度人）-Indians，Italian（意大利人）-Italians，Krean（韩国人）-Kreans
(3)常以复数形式出现的名词（表示由两部分构成的东西）shes，scissrs，jeans，glves，earrings，trusers，scks，glasses，chpsticks这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My shes are newer than yurs.若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair（对，双）suit（套）a pair f glasses，tw pairs f shes
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And they are talking abut______. A．wman; children B．wman; child C．wmen; children2. There are three in my family. A. peple B. persn C. child3. Sme ______ came t ur schl fr a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies
4. In the picture there are many______ and tw_______. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. sheep; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are fur_______and tw_______in the grup. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans
★不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.
常见的不可数名词water cffee milk tea juice fish meat chicken prk beef chalk time space music mney weather wd news medicine infrmatin rice fd hney ygurtwrk hmewrk husewrk knwledge advice
2 不可数名词的数 （1) a lt f/lts f, sme, much, a little, plenty f ,a bit f,a large number f+不可数名词 (2) 数词+容器+f+不可数名词a glass f water—tw glasses f watera bwl f rice —three bwls f rice a piece f paper—fur pieces f paper
单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Sme bread is ver there. *N news is gd news.
不可数名词不能直接被a, an, ne, tw等修饰，常用much, a little, little, a lt f, lts f, sme, any，plenty f 等修饰 *They had much mney. *He des little husewrk at hme. * a rice (X) tw bread (X)
可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+f+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag f apples *a piece f paper *three glasses f range
巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五杯橘汁 （5）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶
a cup f tea
a bwl f rice
tw kils f meat
five glasses f range juice
a pair f shes
many bttles f milk
4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃)– a glass(玻璃杯) wrk(工作) – a wrk(著作) time(时间) – times(次数)
1. Please give me ______ paper. A. ne B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece f2. This table is made f_______. A. many glass B. sme glasses C. glasses D. glass3. —What can I d fr yu, sir? —I'd like tw_________. A.bttle f milk B.bttles f milks C.bttles f milk D.bttle f milks4. We can d the wrk better with______mney and ________ peple. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few
当peple, class, family, team, grup, public, plice 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。
e.g The class are waiting fr her. Tm’s family _____ rather big. Tm’s family _________ film fans.
2.news, maths, plitics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。
e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths ___ nt easy fr him.
专有名词：1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Ga2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Mnday Tuesday January February4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day Wmen’s Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day Natinal Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day Mther’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP
名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“’s” Kangkang’s father Lucy’s bk 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可 Teachers’ ffice The Greens’ huse
3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s” * Children’ s Day * men’ s shes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用f加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the clr f the wall *a picture f the classrm
5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;
Jenny and Helen’s rm
6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-’s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间
Jenny’s and Helen’s rms
7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 –’s 构成所有格
2小时路程 北京最好的公园 今日的报纸
tw hurs’ walk=tw-hur walk
Beijing’s best park
tday’s newspaper
at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s hme at a tailr’s = at a tailr’s shp
9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格
a silk hat cttn clth
a cffee cup
8. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词
tw mnths’ vacatin a mile’s distance
1 广东的省会2 教室的门3 我父亲的一个朋友4 他的两个兄弟5 爱迪生的一些发明6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)
the capital f Guangdng
the drs f the classrm
a friend f my father’s
tw brthers f his
sme inventins f Edisn’s
a picture f his brther’s
a picture f his brther
名词的所有格 Practice
1. June 1st is ____Day. All the Children enjy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens’ C. Children’s D. Child2. The tw bedrm are the ____. A. twins B. twin’s C .twins’ D. twins
3. Lucy is ____ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Mary’s and Jack’s C. Mary and Jacks D. Mary and Jack’s
4. It’s ____frm ur schl t my hme.ten minutes’ walk ten minute’s walkC. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk
★名词的用法 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * There are three banana trees ver there. 2. man wman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all wmen wrkers. 3.sprts,clthes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sprts star *a clthes shp
小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因Our hspital needs tw___dctrs, Mrs. Li. Yu can ask yur sn t have a try. A. wmen B. man C.wman D. men
1. The mdel plane was made by a ____ by. A. ten-years-ld B. ten-year-lder C. ten-year-ld D. ten-year ld
2 Where is Tm?---He has gne t the _____.A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s D. teachers’
★名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 * my aunt’s ( hme） (我姑姑家） * g t the teachers’ ( ffice） (去老师办公室） 特别记忆下列用t表示的所有格：the key t the lck/dr the key/answer t the questin
1 . Culd yu please get me sme ________? I’m hungry. A. appleB. water C. bread D. egg2. Smething is wrng with my___. I can’t see anything arund me. A. nse B. ears C. eyes D. muth3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many ______ in it. A. flwers B. grass C. villages D. water
4. --- Hw far is yur cusin’s hme frm here? --- It’s abut tw ______ drive. hur’s B. hurs C. hurs’ D. hur5. Ya Ming did a gd jb in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favrite ______A. wrker B. teacher C. dancer D. player
6.All the ______ teachers enjyed themselves n March 8th，because it was their wn hliday. A．man B. men C. wman D. wmen7.Ten hurs____(be) nt eugh fr us t d it.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析1
工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动 不可数名词
工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词
我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。
I like gardens t, but I dn’t like hard wrk.
She is lking fr a jb.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析2
He is a gd ck.
你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？
Is yur cker gas r electric?
考点四 常考名词词义辨析3
prblem questin
困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题
疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题
你能解出这道数学题吗？
Can yu wrk ut the maths prblem?
他在课堂上问了很多问题。
He asked a lt f questins in class.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析4
Sund vice nise
I hate the lud nise utside.
Listen! Can yu hear the sund f running water?
Let’s say it in a lud vice.
考点四 常考名词词义辨析5
Rad street way
There are many buildings n bth sides f the street.
He is driving fast alng the rad.
Can yu shw me the way t the museum?
考点四 常考名词词义辨析6
hme huse family
My ________ is very large.我的房子很大。
I always g ______ n ft.我通常都是走路回家。
My _______ is a happy ne.我的家庭是一个幸福的家庭。
考点四 常考名词词义辨析7
amunt number
an amunt f mney
a number f students
考点四 常考名词词义辨析8
weather climate
What’s the weather like tday?
这儿的气候不适合你的健康。
The climate here is nt gd fr yur health.
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