还剩20页未读，
继续阅读
2021-2022学年江西省景德镇一中高一下学期期中质量检测英语试题（解析版）
展开
这是一份2021-2022学年江西省景德镇一中高一下学期期中质量检测英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了英语试卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
景德镇一中2021～2022学年第二学期期中考
高一 英语试卷
第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals? We are revealing for you.
Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada
Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay.
Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.
Grizzly bears, Alaska, USA
Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.
Planning: Most fishing sites are accessed by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Stewart-Cassiar Highway.
Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico
Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyamel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.
Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia
Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard – the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91kg, the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10ft long.
Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores).
Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania
Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.
Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September.
1. In which place can a variety of types of animals be viewed?
A. Alaska. B. Sierra Chincua. C. Komodo Island. D. Serengeti.
2. The underlined word “gregarious” probably means ______.
A. being able to climb B. preferring group living
C. migrating in huge numbers D. moderate in temper
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features.
B. Viewing spots for grizzly bears can be reached through air and on foot.
C. Komodo dragons are similar to dinosaurs in living period.
D. Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favorable food conditions.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了五处可以近距离接触到世界上最稀有的动物的地方，观赏最佳时间段以及推荐前往方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania的第一句“Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.(毫无疑问，世界上最壮观的野生动物景观是每年一度的角马迁徙，140万头角马、20万匹斑马和瞪羚在塞伦盖蒂平原上迁徙。动物们正在徒步追逐干净的水和新鲜的草。一路上，狮子和鬣狗在跟踪他们，鳄鱼也在等待。)”可知，在非洲的坦桑尼亚，游客在Serengeti地区可以观赏各种动物。故选D项。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico的划线词所在句“They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.(它们在树干、灌木丛和地面上亲密地聚集，充分展示了它们的gregarious天性)”,根据上半句中的描述，可知，Monarch butterflies喜聚集一处，gregarious 意为“（动物）群居的；（植物）聚生的”，与B项“preferring group living(喜欢群居生活)”意思相同。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia的第一句“Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, ‘Here be dragons!’(降落在科莫多岛上，你会感觉像是回到了恐龙统治地球的时代，就像公园地图上写的，‘这里有龙！’)”可知，科莫多巨蜥与恐龙在生活时代相似，不正确。故选C项。
B
When Amanda Lemay heard the story about a baker and her husband who were traveling around the United States in a van (厢式货车), learning from expert bakers, she wanted to do something similar. So she got rid of most of her possessions and made an old ambulance with her dad into a lovely home on wheels.
Lemay’s ambulance is actually a former emergency response vehicle for the US Navy built on a 2006 Ford E350 Cutaway. Renovations (翻新) were done by her and her dad. Now the dark blue vehicle has a lot of built-in cabinets on all sides, offering a lot of storage space, while the roof top has 400-watts of solar power panels and a small roof deck where Lemay practices Yoga. The inside is tastefully done to suit Lemay’s work and hobbies.
As Lemay mentions, not only did her father help, but also the rest of her family. Lemay’s mother helped sew the decorations on the removable cushions, and her sister crafted the leather pulls. It was truly a family affair.
Her current nomadic (流浪式的) lifestyle fits well with her work doing audio books, voiceovers, and publishing work. In the end, this unexpected path has Lemay rethinking what it means to be truly sustainable (可持续的), now that van life has gotten her to become minutely aware of the water, electricity, and other daily resources that she uses. But all these day-to-day concerns are balanced with a greater sense of freedom.
“It’s almost mind-blowing, it feels like a completely different life because I’m doing the work online, and I can do things on my own schedule. Most of my days are mine — so by living in the van. I can be where I want to be, and do the things I want to do, and spend time outside.”
4. Why is the story of a baker and her husband mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. It shows a creative way of learning. B. It was spoken highly of by expert bakers.
C. It’s an example of strong determination. D. It’s where Amanda Lemay got her inspiration.
5. Why was the renovation a family affair?
A. All family members contributed to it. B. Its cost was shared by family members.
C. It was made to suit the life of the family. D. The whole family gathered to celebrate it.
6. What has Lemay learned from her nomadic lifestyle?
A. To value every minute of her life. B. To make full use of what she has.
C. To keep a balance between work and life. D. To be aware of the real meaning of family.
7. What does Lemay like about living in a van?
A. Reflecting on life. B. Forgetting all about work.
C. Living at her own pace. D. Being free from day-to-day concerns.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lemay把旧的救护车改造为房车，一边驱车旅行，一边工作的过程和感受。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Amanda Lemay heard the story about a baker and her husband who were traveling around the United States in a van (厢式货车), learning from expert bakers, she wanted to do something similar.(当Amanda Lemay听到一个故事，一个面包师和她的丈夫开着面包车周游美国时，她向面包师专家学习，想做类似的事情)”可知，提到面包师和他妻子的故事，是因为这个故事启发了Amanda Lemay决定做类似的事情。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Renovations (翻新) were done by her and her dad.(改装是由她和她爸爸完成的)”和文章第三段“As Lemay mentions, not only did her father help, but also the rest of her family. Lemay’s mother helped sew the decorations on the removable cushions, and her sister crafted the leather pulls. It was truly a family affair.(正如Lemay提到的，不仅她的父亲帮助了她，她的家人也帮助了她。Lemay的母亲帮忙缝制可拆卸坐垫上的装饰品，她的姐姐制作皮革拉环。这确实是一件家庭大事)”可知，所有家庭成员都对改装工作做出了贡献。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the end, this unexpected path has Lemay rethinking what it means to be truly sustainable (可持续的), now that van life has gotten her to become minutely aware of the water, electricity, and other daily resources that she uses.(最后，这条意想不到的道路让Lemay重新思考真正的可持续发展意味着什么，现在面包车生活已经让她对水、电和她使用的其他日常资源产生了细微的意识)”可知，Lemay从她流浪式生活中学到了充分利用她拥有的资源。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It’s almost mind-blowing, it feels like a completely different life because I’m doing the work online, and I can do things on my own schedule. Most of my days are mine — so by living in the van. I can be where I want to be, and do the things I want to do, and spend time outside.(这几乎是令人兴奋的，感觉就像完全不同的生活，因为我在网上工作，我可以按照自己的时间表做事情。我的大部分时间都是我的——所以我住在货车里。我可以去我想去的地方，做我想做的事情，在户外度过时光)”可知，Lemay最喜欢在车里按照自己的节奏生活。故选C。
C
BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither. She played a segment of the popular Chinese folk song. “Jasmine Flower”.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddle games and express their wishes and hopes for the future.
The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some festive traditions alive as they continued to rotate around the Earth. Commander Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper scrolls with a brush pen. He displayed the calligraphy together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and extended festival greetings to the audience. They also sent blessing to athletes at the ongoing Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve success, gain friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.”
The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo. The Weibo account of Zhurong, China’s first rover on Mars, reposted the video, commenting, “The music was so beautiful, and it made me homesick, too.”
The Lantern Festival also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. Though far from home, the festive sentiments in space are the same. The China Manned Space Agency released a video on social media platforms on Tuesday, showing that the taikonauts had decorated the orbiting core module with red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper- cutting decorations. Wearing new clothes, the trio (三人小组) enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and posting spring couplets on walls During the Chinese New Year holiday, they were also spotted watching the Winter Olympics and doing workouts in orbit.
8. How did the mass enjoy the musical performance according to the text?
A. By watching a video posted online by Wang Yaping herself.
B. By watching a video coming from a TV gala.
C. By watching the Lantern Festival gala at the scene.
D. By logging on the Internet through computers.
9. What does the underlined word “rotate” mean according to the context?
A. Access. B. Substitute. C. Circle. D. Launch.
10. What can we learn from the text?
A. The video of the space performance became a great hit.
B. Zhai Zhigang showed the calligraphy on his own.
C. The Beijing Winter Olympics had come to an end when the astronauts sent their regards.
D. Wang Yaping shared puzzles on red paper scrolls.
11. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Chinese folk song “Jasmine Flower” is played on space station
B. Taikonauts send blessings to the, Beijing Winter Olympics athletes
C. Taikonauts keep Lantern Festival traditions alive on space station
D. China makes major breakthroughs in the outer space exploration
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration.(这一太空表演通过一段视频在一年一度的央视春晚上分享。)”可知，大众通过观看电视晚会的录像来欣赏音乐表演。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission(在神舟13号任务中前往空间站核心舱的机组人员)”可知，他们继续围绕着地球旋转，使一些节日的传统得以保留。rotate意为“环绕”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo.( 这段空间表演视频在社交媒体平台上被分享后，受到了人们的热烈欢迎。几家中国媒体将其发布在新浪微博上，一小时内点击量近200万次。)”可知，太空表演的视频大受欢迎。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival.(北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在空间站上，宇航员们保持着元宵节的传统。故选C。
D
America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.
A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.
A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.
It’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.
This is partly an unintended issue of resources---established companies can cope with new costs more easily---but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms---like medical device manufacturers---got squeezed.
Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.
Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse---airlines, car companies and banks---stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.
The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.
Income inequality—which is directly caused by faulty government policy---is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.
Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.
12. We can learn from the passage that___________.
A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.
B. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.
C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.
D. The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.
13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that__________.
A. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.
B. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.
C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.
D. the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market.
14. It can be concluded from the passage that___________.
A. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama.
B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations.
C larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects.
D. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation.
15. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is___________.
A. contented. B. confident.
C. convinced. D. concerned.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国的创业难题。美国的许多企业正变得越来越老，而许多新企业在婴儿期就已经濒临死亡。此外，年轻人开始创业的速度比过去要低得多。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句 They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry. 可知，成熟、成功的公司更喜欢保持稳定的收入。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句 This is partly an unintended issue of resources — established companies can cope with new costs more easily — but it's also deliberate. 可知，较大和较老的公司掌握着各方面的资源。故C项正确。A项，“大型保险公司与奥巴马的关系更好”。根据文章第五段第二句中 big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care 可知，大型保险公司获得了参与奥巴马医改的席位，并无与奥巴马的关系更好之意。故A项错误。B项，“大多数前议员在成熟、成功的公司工作”。根据文章第六段第一句 Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. 可知，成熟而成功的公司可以雇佣有关系的前议员，没有提及数量。故B项错误。D项，“政客们喜欢向经营状况较差的公司提供财务援助”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，作者认为政策必须培育新企业和小企业，不然就看着那些可能成为我们光明未来的创新在襁褓中夭折。由此可推知对于中小企业的发展，作者的态度是关心的（concerned）。故D项正确。A项意为“满足的”，B项意为“自信的”，C项意为“确信的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。如第二小题，根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have an important or favorite memory from the past? Perhaps it was clapping for goals, or seeing rainbow picture in the window. Shared memories can connect you to others. ____16____
How does memory work?
Scientists believe there are two levels of memory. One is short-term or working memory, which stays in our brain for only 15-30 seconds. The other level is long-term or permanent memory, which can be stored for days, or even years.
Motor-skill memories help you remember how to ride a bike; factual memories help you to remember faces. ____17____ Emotional memories recall how you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. Remembering the sadness of missing your friends during lockdown, and being happy and excited to see them again afterwards, are emotional memories. They are long term and can sometimes last a lifetime.
Why are memories important?
____18____ Information such as which school you go to and who your friends are is stored inside your brain, ready for when you need it. Memories can also help you manage feelings. Heidi, 12, told The Week, “If I miss seeing my granny and granddad, I remember staying with them in Devon. It makes me feel happy, like when I was there.”
“When people think of shared experience, what usually comes to mind is being with close others, such as friends or family, and talking with them,” Erica Boothby, a social-psychologist, said. By telling a funny or embarrassing story we share feelings of joy or recognition of difficulties overcome. By sharing similar or not-o-similar experiences, we empathize (产生共鸣) with and understand one another better.
____19____
Kim Roberts, a professor who runs the Child Memory Lab in Canada, believes focusing on happy memories will help you feel more positive. ____20____ Roberts says it’s also helpful to remember that if you missed out on your last term at school, or birthday celebrations, then your friends did too. One day you will look back on this year as an important memory that you all share.
A. When do memories fade?
B. Can memories help wellbeing?
C. Memories tell you the story of yourself.
D. Emotional memories are usually sad ones.
E. These types of memories can be short or long term.
F. If you have difficult memories, though, it is important to talk about them.
G. By sharing our memories, we can feel closer to other people and more positive.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了分享记忆可以把你和别人联系起来，通过分享我们的记忆，我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极。解释了记忆是如何工作的、为何记忆重要以及记忆对健康的影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Do you have an important or favorite memory from the past? Perhaps it was clapping for goals, or seeing rainbow picture in the window. Shared memories can connect you to others.(你是否对过去有过重要或喜爱的回忆？也许是为进球而鼓掌，或者是看到橱窗里的彩虹画。分享记忆可以把你和别人联系起来)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明分享记忆如何让我们和别人联系起来：我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极。故G选项“通过分享我们的记忆，我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极”承接上文。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Motor-skill memories help you remember how to ride a bike; factual memories help you to remember faces.(机动技能记忆帮助你记住如何骑自行车；事实记忆帮助你记住面孔)”以及后文“Emotional memories recall how you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. Remembering the sadness of missing your friends during lockdown, and being happy and excited to see them again afterwards, are emotional memories. They are long term and can sometimes last a lifetime.(情感记忆能回忆起你对某件事的感觉，它很强大。想起禁闭期间想念朋友的悲伤，以及之后再次见到他们的高兴和兴奋，都是情感记忆。它们是长期的，有时可能持续一生)”可知，本句旨在说明上文提到的两种记忆类型的特点，E选项中long term对应后文中long term。故E选项“这些类型的记忆可以是短期的，也可以是长期的”符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Information such as which school you go to and who your friends are is stored inside your brain, ready for when you need it. Memories can also help you manage feelings. Heidi, 12, told The Week, “If I miss seeing my granny and granddad, I remember staying with them in Devon. It makes me feel happy, like when I was there.”(你上的是哪所学校，你的朋友是谁，这些信息都储存在你的大脑里，在你需要的时候随时可以使用。记忆也可以帮助你管理情绪。12岁的海蒂告诉《The Week》杂志说：“如果我想念我的爷爷奶奶，我会记得和他们在德文郡的时候。这让我感到快乐，就像我在那里的时候一样。”)”可知，后文具体列举了储存在大脑里回忆，可知本句是在建议回忆。故C选项“回忆告诉你自己的故事”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Kim Roberts, a professor who runs the Child Memory Lab in Canada, believes focusing on happy memories will help you feel more positive.(加拿大儿童记忆实验室的负责人金·罗伯茨教授认为，专注于快乐记忆将帮助你感觉更积极)”可知，后文提到记忆可以帮助感觉更积极，即在说明记忆对健康的影响。故B选项“记忆有助于健康吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Roberts says it’s also helpful to remember that if you missed out on your last term at school, or birthday celebrations, then your friends did too. One day you will look back on this year as an important memory that you all share.(罗伯茨说，如果你在学校错过了最后一个学期或生日庆祝活动，那么你的朋友也会错过，记住这一点也很有帮助。总有一天，当你们回顾这一年的时候，会觉得这是你们共同拥有的重要回忆)”可知，后文列举了一些不好的记忆，指出这些不好的记忆也能有帮助，故F选项“如果你有不好的记忆，那么把它们说出来是很重要的”符合语境。故选F。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least ____21____ the evidence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly ____22____ task. One is to look at their physical behaviour during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.
The story of how we ____23____ how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out ____24____ in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep(rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralysed.
Researchers realised that causing a similar state in ____25____ could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cat's brain ____26____ it becoming paralysed when in REM. The researchers called the condition "REM without atonia" or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of ____27____ from their waking hours.
____28____ movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now ____29____ look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during ____30____ and during REM. ____31____ , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise ____32____ within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze.
Does the behaviour of cats in science experiments actually ____33____ dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that they' re running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of ____34____ that the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to ____35____ a dream if you' re not human remains a mystery.
21. A. foresee B. cover C. strengthen D. observe
22. A. disconnected B. endless C. uncomfortable D. impossible
23. A. made for B. took over C. worked out D. turned down
24. A. dialogues B. ideals C. movements D. meanings
25. A. animals B. dreams C. humans D. changes
26. A. imagined B. prevented C. appreciated D. witnessed
27. A. disasters B. activities C. successes D. failures
28. A. Physical B. Accidental C. Harmonious D. Independent
29. A. randomly B. reluctantly C. unconsciously D. humanely
30. A. sleeping B. running C. recording D. studying
31. A. To sum up B. By comparison C. For example D. In other words
32. A. location B. prediction C. moment D. nature
33. A. account for B. rely on C. qualify as D. differ from
34. A. doubt B. certainty C. specification D. memory
35. A. explain B. explore C. experience D. experiment
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了观察到动物们睡觉做梦的证据，科学家们通过两种方式来完成这项看似不可能的任务。介绍了研究的具体过程以及研究发现的意义。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们当然不能问动物是否做梦，但我们至少可以观察到它们可能做梦的证据。A. foresee预见；B. cover覆盖；C. strengthen加强；D. observe观察。根据后文“the evidence that they might”可知，此处指观察到动物做梦的证据，应用observe。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家们通过两种方式来完成这项看似不可能的任务。A. disconnected分离的；B. endless无尽的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. impossible不可能的。上文提到不能问动物是否做梦，但是可以观察到它们做梦的证据，所以是不可能的任务。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：关于我们如何研究睡着动物思想的故事始于20世纪60年代。A. made for导致；B. took over接管；C. worked out计算；D. turned down关小。根据后文“how to look into the minds of sleeping animals”可知，此处指研究睡着的动物的思想，应用work out。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，医学期刊上开始出现描述人们在梦中行动的报告。A. dialogues对话；B. ideals理想；C. movements行动，运动；D. meanings意义。根据上文“people acting out”可知，此处是描述人们在梦中的行动。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员意识到，在动物身上产生类似的状态可以让他们探索自己是如何做梦的。A. animals动物；B. dreams梦想；C. humans人类；D. changes改变。根据上文可知，科学家主要是研究动物的梦境，所以是在动物身上产生类似的状态。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1965年，法国科学家Michel Jouvet和J F Delorme发现，从猫的大脑中移除脑干的脑桥部分，可以防止猫在快速眼动时麻痹。A. imagined想象；B. prevented阻止；C. appreciated感激；D. witnessed目击。根据后文“it becoming paralysed when in REM”可知，因为猫的大脑中移除脑干的脑桥部分，所以是可以防止猫在快速眼动时瘫痪。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这暗示他们梦到了醒着时的活动。A. disasters灾难；B. activities活动；C. successes成功；D. failures失败。根据后文“from their waking hours”可知，此处是梦到了醒着的活动。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，身体运动并不是观察梦境的唯一方式。A. Physical身体的；B. Accidental意外的；C. Harmonious和谐的；D. Independent独立的。后文“into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals”提到了动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动，可见本句是在说明身体上的运动。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员现在可以以人道的方式观察动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动。A. randomly随便地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. unconsciously不知不觉；D. humanely人道地。根据后文科学家让老鼠走迷宫的方式来记录它们脑细胞的活动，可知，此处是以人道的方式观察动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：路易丝和威尔逊在跑动和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式。A. sleeping睡觉；B. running奔跑；C. recording记录；D. studying学习。呼应上文中“while the rats ran in their mazes.”指在跑动和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，这就好像老鼠在睡觉的时候在大脑中走迷宫。A. To sum up总之；B. By comparison相比之下；C. For example例如；D. In other words换句话说。根据后文“it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping”可知，后文“这就好像老鼠在睡觉的时候在大脑中走迷宫”是对上文“在跑步和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式”的一种转述，即“换句话说”故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究结果非常清楚，以至于研究人员可以推断出老鼠在大脑梦境迷宫中的精确位置，并将它们映射到迷宫中的实际位置。A. location位置；B. prediction预测；C. moment时刻；D. nature自然。根据后文“within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze”可知，研究人员可以推断出老鼠在大脑梦境迷宫中的精确位置，并将它们映射到迷宫中的实际位置。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在科学实验中，猫的行为真的称得上是在做梦吗？A. account for解释；B. rely on依赖；C. qualify as作为；D. differ from不同于。此处指科学实验中猫的行为是否真的称得上是在做梦，qualify as表示“称得上，作为”符合语境。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以相当肯定地说，人类做梦的生理和行为特征现在已经在猫、老鼠和其他动物身上看到了。A. doubt怀疑；B. certainty必然；C. specification规格；D. memory记忆。根据后文“the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals”可知，人类做梦的生理和行为特征现在已经在猫、老鼠和其他动物身上看到了，这是可以肯定的事实。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你不是人类，在梦中体验到底是什么感觉仍然是个谜。A. explain解释；B. explore探索；C. experience经历；D. experiment实验。根据后文“a dream if you' re not human remains a mystery.”可知，此处指梦中的体验，应用experience。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
_____36_____ I think about the beauty and appeal of Chinese culture, one of the first things that enter my mind is images of complicated Chinese calligraphy. I love to watch the older folks in the park dip and sweep their brushes across the stones. I imagine as they swing their arms that their movements are part of _____37_____ dance and the watery messages left behind are the words to the song playing in their head. Unfortunately, just as the water slowly evaporates from sight, so, too, the art of Chinese calligraphy seems _____38_____ (fade) away gradually.
This is the fear of Cui Zhiqiang, a senior calligraphy master with the China Calligraphers Association. “The style of writing among Chinese people today has been changed or ruined,” he laments. He explains this as the unavoidable effect _____39_____ the everyday use of cellphones and computers. With the help of the pinyin system, people _____40_____ “write” the characters by simply spelling out the phonetic equivalent. Skillful strokes have been replaced with tapping and typing.
It isn’t just the written form of Chinese that is being impacted by this phenomenon, though. The English language has been impacted, too. Computer skills are now considered so basic that the time once spent _____41_____ (teach) cursive writing in elementary school is now being used to teach keyboarding. Furthermore, people have become so dependent on the spellcheck and autocorrect features _____42_____ their ability to spell is suffering.
Language and culture are inextricably linked. The written form of the Chinese language _____43_____ (carry) with it the stories of the traditional characters and the reasons for each and every change through the years. In light of its value, many people celebrated CCTV’s summer show, _____44_____ brought together groups of Chinese youth to compete in a dictation contest. The show was well received and generated an interest in young people to improve their handwriting skills and encouraged parents to enroll their children in calligraphy classes.
Not all see the changing forms of our written languages as a negative thing. If you look at language solely as a tool for communication, then perhaps you might agree. Modern ways of writing are efficient and effective. But if you also see language as an art form, then we are truly losing something _____45_____ (beautiful).
【答案】36. When##Whenever##Once
37. a 38. to be fading
39. of 40. can
41. teaching
42. that 43. carries
44. which 45. beautiful
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了因手机和电脑的普及，承载着传统汉字的故事的中国书法在逐渐消失，这一趋势使人担忧，央视暑期推出汉字听写比赛，弘扬汉字文化。
【36题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：当我想到中国文化的美丽和吸引力时，首先进入我脑海的东西之一就是复杂的中国书法。根据语境，设空处应用从属连词，引导时间状语从句，可用when，意为“在……时候”；或者whenever，意为“每当，无论何时”；或者once，意为“一旦，当……时候”。故填When或Whenever或Once。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我想象，当他们挥舞手臂时，他们的动作是舞蹈的一部分，留下的湿的的信息是在他们脑海中播放的歌曲的歌词。dance为可数名词，此处表示泛指，dance发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，就像水慢慢从视线中蒸发一样，中国书法艺术似乎也在逐渐消失。seem为系动词，后接动词不定式的进行时态，表示动作正在发生。故填to be fading。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：他解释说，这是手机和电脑日常使用不可避免的影响。固定短语the effect of...意为“……的影响”。故填of。
【40题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在拼音系统的帮助下，人们可以通过简单地拼出语音对应词来“写”汉字。根据语境，人们借助于拼音，就有能力写汉字，设空处应填表示能力的情态动词。故填can。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：计算机技能现在被认为是如此的基本，以至于曾经在小学教草书的时间现在被用来教键盘。设空处前有the time, 后接过去分词短语once spent，固定搭配spend time doing sth，设空处为动名词形式。故填teaching。
【42题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：此外，人们已经变得如此依赖拼写检查和自动更正功能，他们的拼写能力正在受到影响。句子涉及句型so...that...，意为“如此……以至……”，设空处应填连接词that，表示结果。故填that。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：中国语言的书写形式承载着传统汉字的故事，以及历年来每一次变化的原因。陈述客观存在，用一般现在时态，主语为The written form，单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填carries。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：鉴于它的价值，许多人赞扬了央视的夏季节目，该节目将中国的年轻人聚集在一起参加听写比赛。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为summer show，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但如果你也把语言看作一种艺术形式，那么我们真的失去了一些美丽的东西。修饰不定代词something的形容词应放在不定代词之后。故填beautiful。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
1.短片内容：学校的发展；
2.放映时间、地点；
3.欢迎对短片提出意见。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Boys and girls
I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.It will be displayed in the School Film Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.That’s all. Thank you.
The Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会opportunity→chance
评论 comment→remark
关心 concern about →care about
认为 think→figure
2. 简单句变复合句
原句：The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.
扩展句：The English film Growing Together which was made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity!（if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节读后续写 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Houses are very different. Some are huge and have gold swimming pools. Pop stars live in those. Some are in rows with a brick wall at one end and overlook a pie factory. Franklin Gates lives in one of those. Number Three, Stanley Street, to be exact.
He loved living on Stanley Street. Everyone was friendly. All his mates were there and the smells from the pie factory, Mmm, delicious! There was just one problem. Franklin’s mum and dad wanted to move. His mum was expecting twins and they needed another bedroom. “This house is too small, ” said his mum. Next day, there was a “For Sale” sign stuck by Franklin’s door.
Franklin and his best friend Josh stared at the words of doom. “What am I going to do, Josh?” said Franklin.
Josh frowned. “Has your house got problems? Number forty’s got problems and no one wants to buy it.” Franklin stared at number forty. It looked all right to him. “What kind of problems?” he asked.
“Oh, mice and damp and really horrible wallpaper.” Franklin sighed. His house was warm and friendly and it had just been painted, worse luck.
Mrs. Cox lived next door to Franklin in a big house that had once been the corner shop. Just then, she came out, followed by her dog Zack.
“I’m sorry you’re moving,” Mrs. Cox said. “So am I,” Franklin grumbled. Mrs. Cox patted Franklin on the arm. “Never mind. Your house might take months to sell.”
However, a few days later, Franklin came home from school to find a man in the kitchen. His name was Mr. Bragg and was interested in buying the house. He glared at Franklin and trod on his toes, without saying sorry. Franklin’s heart sank when Mr. Bragg said he wanted to come back for a second visit on Saturday morning.
At school, Franklin asked, “Josh. Does your elder sister still work in the fish shop?” Josh nodded. “Good. Listen, I’ve got a job for you.”
Franklin cupped his hand over Josh’s ear and began whispering his plan.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry. “You’d better explain what’s going on!”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
One possible version:
Franklin cupped his hand over Josh’s ear and began whispering his plan. When Josh heard what Franklin wanted, his mouth opened wide enough to swallow a dentist. He cried, “I’ll get into trouble!” “It’s my only chance,” Franklin begged. On Saturday morning, Mr. and Mrs. Gates were still outside when Mr. Bragg rang the doorbell. Entering the house, Mr. Bragg stopped and sniffed the air, asking curiously “What’s that disgusting smell?” Franklin told him the factory does fish pie on Saturdays, which made Mr. Bragg frowned. He pulled a face and ran out of the door.
Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry. “You’d better explain what’s going on!” Franklin knew he was in big trouble. He cleared up all smelly fishes in their house which had been brought by Josh. At last, he said sorry to his mum and dad. Mrs. Cox arrived and came up with a good idea that she would like to swap her house with Franklin’s. “So we had one big house,” grinned Franklin.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Franklin家即将增添一对双胞胎，原来的房子不够住了，因此父母决定把房子卖了。然而Franklin 非常喜欢 Stanley Street,因为那里有他喜欢的味道，还有友好的邻居、最要好的朋友,他舍不得离开。但是父母还是决定卖掉房子，甚至还出现了一个很有可能购买他家房子的人Mr. Bragg。于是 Franklin决定想办法破坏Mr. Bragg的购房计划。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“富兰克林用手捂住乔希的耳朵，开始低声说出他的计划”可知，第一段写作重点应该放在 Franklin的动作和心理描写以及，Mr. Bragg来后对家里变化的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“盖茨夫妇非常生气。‘你最好解释一下发生了什么事！’”可知，第二段写作重点应该放在事情发生以后，对父母发脾气的描写以及知道Franklin的心理想法之后的反应。最后住房的问题解决了吗?还是说父母认为自己孩子的心情最重要?这两个结尾方式都可以考虑。
2.续写线索：Franklin告诉乔希计划——乔希很惊讶但还是答应了——Mr.Bragg看房子闻到臭鱼味而离去——Gates夫妇很生气，要求Franklin解释——Franklin承认错误—— Cox 同意和他们换房子。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.大叫：cry/scream /shout/yell
②.解释：explain/interpret/give an explanation
③.买：buy/purchase
情绪类
①.好奇的：curiously/in curiosity/ inquisitively
②.令人厌恶的：disgusting/nasty
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Entering the house, Mr. Bragg stopped and sniffed the air asking curiously “What’s that disgusting smell?” （运用了现分词作状语）
[高分句型2].Franklin told him the factory does fish pie on Saturdays, which made Mr. Bragg frowned.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
景德镇一中2021～2022学年第二学期期中考
高一 英语试卷
第一部分:听力(共两节，满分30分)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals? We are revealing for you.
Right whales, Bay of Fundy, Canada
Northern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay.
Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.
Grizzly bears, Alaska, USA
Grizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.
Planning: Most fishing sites are accessed by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Stewart-Cassiar Highway.
Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico
Each fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyamel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.
Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia
Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, “Here be dragons!” This mountainous volcanic island is home to the world’s largest living lizard – the Komodo dragon. Weighing 79 to 91kg, the Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body. You can hike to a viewpoint at Banugulung and watch as park rangers feed food to the lizards, some of which are more than 10ft long.
Planning: Komodo is reached solely by boat from Bima (on eastern Sumbawa) or Labuan Bajo (on western Flores).
Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania
Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.
Planning: The herds migrate across Tanzania from December through July, and then pass through the Masai Mara in Kenya in August and September.
1. In which place can a variety of types of animals be viewed?
A. Alaska. B. Sierra Chincua. C. Komodo Island. D. Serengeti.
2. The underlined word “gregarious” probably means ______.
A. being able to climb B. preferring group living
C. migrating in huge numbers D. moderate in temper
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Right whales are distinguished from other whales by unique appearance features.
B. Viewing spots for grizzly bears can be reached through air and on foot.
C. Komodo dragons are similar to dinosaurs in living period.
D. Wildebeest herds travel to pursue favorable food conditions.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了五处可以近距离接触到世界上最稀有的动物的地方，观赏最佳时间段以及推荐前往方式。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wildebeest migration, Serengeti, Tanzania的第一句“Undoubtedly the world’s most spectacular wildlife sight is the annual wildebeest migration, when 1.4 million wildebeest and 200,000 zebras and gazelles are on the move across the Serengeti plains. The animals are trekking to chase the clean water and fresh grass. Along the way, lions and hyenas stalk them, and crocodiles lie in wait.(毫无疑问，世界上最壮观的野生动物景观是每年一度的角马迁徙，140万头角马、20万匹斑马和瞪羚在塞伦盖蒂平原上迁徙。动物们正在徒步追逐干净的水和新鲜的草。一路上，狮子和鬣狗在跟踪他们，鳄鱼也在等待。)”可知，在非洲的坦桑尼亚，游客在Serengeti地区可以观赏各种动物。故选D项。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, Mexico的划线词所在句“They flock intimately on tree trunks, bushes, and on the ground, fully showing their gregarious nature and occupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.(它们在树干、灌木丛和地面上亲密地聚集，充分展示了它们的gregarious天性)”,根据上半句中的描述，可知，Monarch butterflies喜聚集一处，gregarious 意为“（动物）群居的；（植物）聚生的”，与B项“preferring group living(喜欢群居生活)”意思相同。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, Indonesia的第一句“Landing on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth, as park maps reported, ‘Here be dragons!’(降落在科莫多岛上，你会感觉像是回到了恐龙统治地球的时代，就像公园地图上写的，‘这里有龙！’)”可知，科莫多巨蜥与恐龙在生活时代相似，不正确。故选C项。
B
When Amanda Lemay heard the story about a baker and her husband who were traveling around the United States in a van (厢式货车), learning from expert bakers, she wanted to do something similar. So she got rid of most of her possessions and made an old ambulance with her dad into a lovely home on wheels.
Lemay’s ambulance is actually a former emergency response vehicle for the US Navy built on a 2006 Ford E350 Cutaway. Renovations (翻新) were done by her and her dad. Now the dark blue vehicle has a lot of built-in cabinets on all sides, offering a lot of storage space, while the roof top has 400-watts of solar power panels and a small roof deck where Lemay practices Yoga. The inside is tastefully done to suit Lemay’s work and hobbies.
As Lemay mentions, not only did her father help, but also the rest of her family. Lemay’s mother helped sew the decorations on the removable cushions, and her sister crafted the leather pulls. It was truly a family affair.
Her current nomadic (流浪式的) lifestyle fits well with her work doing audio books, voiceovers, and publishing work. In the end, this unexpected path has Lemay rethinking what it means to be truly sustainable (可持续的), now that van life has gotten her to become minutely aware of the water, electricity, and other daily resources that she uses. But all these day-to-day concerns are balanced with a greater sense of freedom.
“It’s almost mind-blowing, it feels like a completely different life because I’m doing the work online, and I can do things on my own schedule. Most of my days are mine — so by living in the van. I can be where I want to be, and do the things I want to do, and spend time outside.”
4. Why is the story of a baker and her husband mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. It shows a creative way of learning. B. It was spoken highly of by expert bakers.
C. It’s an example of strong determination. D. It’s where Amanda Lemay got her inspiration.
5. Why was the renovation a family affair?
A. All family members contributed to it. B. Its cost was shared by family members.
C. It was made to suit the life of the family. D. The whole family gathered to celebrate it.
6. What has Lemay learned from her nomadic lifestyle?
A. To value every minute of her life. B. To make full use of what she has.
C. To keep a balance between work and life. D. To be aware of the real meaning of family.
7. What does Lemay like about living in a van?
A. Reflecting on life. B. Forgetting all about work.
C. Living at her own pace. D. Being free from day-to-day concerns.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lemay把旧的救护车改造为房车，一边驱车旅行，一边工作的过程和感受。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Amanda Lemay heard the story about a baker and her husband who were traveling around the United States in a van (厢式货车), learning from expert bakers, she wanted to do something similar.(当Amanda Lemay听到一个故事，一个面包师和她的丈夫开着面包车周游美国时，她向面包师专家学习，想做类似的事情)”可知，提到面包师和他妻子的故事，是因为这个故事启发了Amanda Lemay决定做类似的事情。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Renovations (翻新) were done by her and her dad.(改装是由她和她爸爸完成的)”和文章第三段“As Lemay mentions, not only did her father help, but also the rest of her family. Lemay’s mother helped sew the decorations on the removable cushions, and her sister crafted the leather pulls. It was truly a family affair.(正如Lemay提到的，不仅她的父亲帮助了她，她的家人也帮助了她。Lemay的母亲帮忙缝制可拆卸坐垫上的装饰品，她的姐姐制作皮革拉环。这确实是一件家庭大事)”可知，所有家庭成员都对改装工作做出了贡献。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In the end, this unexpected path has Lemay rethinking what it means to be truly sustainable (可持续的), now that van life has gotten her to become minutely aware of the water, electricity, and other daily resources that she uses.(最后，这条意想不到的道路让Lemay重新思考真正的可持续发展意味着什么，现在面包车生活已经让她对水、电和她使用的其他日常资源产生了细微的意识)”可知，Lemay从她流浪式生活中学到了充分利用她拥有的资源。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It’s almost mind-blowing, it feels like a completely different life because I’m doing the work online, and I can do things on my own schedule. Most of my days are mine — so by living in the van. I can be where I want to be, and do the things I want to do, and spend time outside.(这几乎是令人兴奋的，感觉就像完全不同的生活，因为我在网上工作，我可以按照自己的时间表做事情。我的大部分时间都是我的——所以我住在货车里。我可以去我想去的地方，做我想做的事情，在户外度过时光)”可知，Lemay最喜欢在车里按照自己的节奏生活。故选C。
C
BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival. The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration. In the video, Wang was seen floating in the space module while playing a guzheng, or Chinese zither. She played a segment of the popular Chinese folk song. “Jasmine Flower”.
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar. People usually hang colorful lanterns, play riddle games and express their wishes and hopes for the future.
The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission, kept some festive traditions alive as they continued to rotate around the Earth. Commander Zhai Zhigang wrote riddles on red paper scrolls with a brush pen. He displayed the calligraphy together with taikonaut Ye Guangfu and extended festival greetings to the audience. They also sent blessing to athletes at the ongoing Beijing Winter Olympics: “We hope that you all achieve success, gain friendship and harvest your best Olympic experience.”
The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo. The Weibo account of Zhurong, China’s first rover on Mars, reposted the video, commenting, “The music was so beautiful, and it made me homesick, too.”
The Lantern Festival also marks the last day of the lunar New Year celebration. Though far from home, the festive sentiments in space are the same. The China Manned Space Agency released a video on social media platforms on Tuesday, showing that the taikonauts had decorated the orbiting core module with red lanterns, Chinese knots and paper- cutting decorations. Wearing new clothes, the trio (三人小组) enjoyed the traditions of eating dumplings and posting spring couplets on walls During the Chinese New Year holiday, they were also spotted watching the Winter Olympics and doing workouts in orbit.
8. How did the mass enjoy the musical performance according to the text?
A. By watching a video posted online by Wang Yaping herself.
B. By watching a video coming from a TV gala.
C. By watching the Lantern Festival gala at the scene.
D. By logging on the Internet through computers.
9. What does the underlined word “rotate” mean according to the context?
A. Access. B. Substitute. C. Circle. D. Launch.
10. What can we learn from the text?
A. The video of the space performance became a great hit.
B. Zhai Zhigang showed the calligraphy on his own.
C. The Beijing Winter Olympics had come to an end when the astronauts sent their regards.
D. Wang Yaping shared puzzles on red paper scrolls.
11. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Chinese folk song “Jasmine Flower” is played on space station
B. Taikonauts send blessings to the, Beijing Winter Olympics athletes
C. Taikonauts keep Lantern Festival traditions alive on space station
D. China makes major breakthroughs in the outer space exploration
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The space show was shared via a video released at an annual TV gala for the festival celebration.(这一太空表演通过一段视频在一年一度的央视春晚上分享。)”可知，大众通过观看电视晚会的录像来欣赏音乐表演。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“The crew members, who traveled to the space station core module on the Shenzhou-13 mission(在神舟13号任务中前往空间站核心舱的机组人员)”可知，他们继续围绕着地球旋转，使一些节日的传统得以保留。rotate意为“环绕”。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The video of the space performance was received with much enthusiasm after it was shared on social media platforms. It drew nearly 2 million clicks in one hour after several national media outlets posted it on the Chinese micro-blogging site Sina Weibo.( 这段空间表演视频在社交媒体平台上被分享后，受到了人们的热烈欢迎。几家中国媒体将其发布在新浪微博上，一小时内点击量近200万次。)”可知，太空表演的视频大受欢迎。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“BEIJING- Wang Yaping, a taikonaut onboard China’s space station core module (舱), offered people on Earth a zero-gravity musical performance on Tuesday evening to celebrate the Lantern Festival.(北京消息，周二晚上，中国空间站核心舱航天员王亚平为地球上的人们献上了一场零重力音乐表演，以庆祝元宵节。)”可知，文章主要讲述了在空间站上，宇航员们保持着元宵节的传统。故选C。
D
America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.
A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.
A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.
It’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.
This is partly an unintended issue of resources---established companies can cope with new costs more easily---but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms---like medical device manufacturers---got squeezed.
Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.
Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse---airlines, car companies and banks---stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.
The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.
Income inequality—which is directly caused by faulty government policy---is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.
Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.
12. We can learn from the passage that___________.
A. over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.
B. mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.
C. less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.
D. The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.
13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that__________.
A. the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.
B. the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.
C. income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.
D. the government picks winners and losers through the law of free market.
14. It can be concluded from the passage that___________.
A. big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama.
B. most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations.
C larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects.
D. politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation.
15. As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is___________.
A. contented. B. confident.
C. convinced. D. concerned.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国的创业难题。美国的许多企业正变得越来越老，而许多新企业在婴儿期就已经濒临死亡。此外，年轻人开始创业的速度比过去要低得多。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句 They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry. 可知，成熟、成功的公司更喜欢保持稳定的收入。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句 This is partly an unintended issue of resources — established companies can cope with new costs more easily — but it's also deliberate. 可知，较大和较老的公司掌握着各方面的资源。故C项正确。A项，“大型保险公司与奥巴马的关系更好”。根据文章第五段第二句中 big insurance companies got a seat at the table to help write Obama care 可知，大型保险公司获得了参与奥巴马医改的席位，并无与奥巴马的关系更好之意。故A项错误。B项，“大多数前议员在成熟、成功的公司工作”。根据文章第六段第一句 Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. 可知，成熟而成功的公司可以雇佣有关系的前议员，没有提及数量。故B项错误。D项，“政客们喜欢向经营状况较差的公司提供财务援助”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，作者认为政策必须培育新企业和小企业，不然就看着那些可能成为我们光明未来的创新在襁褓中夭折。由此可推知对于中小企业的发展，作者的态度是关心的（concerned）。故D项正确。A项意为“满足的”，B项意为“自信的”，C项意为“确信的”，均不符合文意。故正确答案为D。
【点睛】根据事物的定义或者对事物总体的概括，从而判断出哪些具体事物或者具体的实践应该属于定义的范围或者是概括的范围是我们经常见到的推理判断题的题型。要解决这样的判断题，首先要讲对事物的定义或者对事物的总体概括要读清楚，然后根据对比4个选项，哪个选项在定义或者概括范围内的。哪个就是正确的答案。如第二小题，根据文章最后一段最后一句 Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句 As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句 Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中 we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you have an important or favorite memory from the past? Perhaps it was clapping for goals, or seeing rainbow picture in the window. Shared memories can connect you to others. ____16____
How does memory work?
Scientists believe there are two levels of memory. One is short-term or working memory, which stays in our brain for only 15-30 seconds. The other level is long-term or permanent memory, which can be stored for days, or even years.
Motor-skill memories help you remember how to ride a bike; factual memories help you to remember faces. ____17____ Emotional memories recall how you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. Remembering the sadness of missing your friends during lockdown, and being happy and excited to see them again afterwards, are emotional memories. They are long term and can sometimes last a lifetime.
Why are memories important?
____18____ Information such as which school you go to and who your friends are is stored inside your brain, ready for when you need it. Memories can also help you manage feelings. Heidi, 12, told The Week, “If I miss seeing my granny and granddad, I remember staying with them in Devon. It makes me feel happy, like when I was there.”
“When people think of shared experience, what usually comes to mind is being with close others, such as friends or family, and talking with them,” Erica Boothby, a social-psychologist, said. By telling a funny or embarrassing story we share feelings of joy or recognition of difficulties overcome. By sharing similar or not-o-similar experiences, we empathize (产生共鸣) with and understand one another better.
____19____
Kim Roberts, a professor who runs the Child Memory Lab in Canada, believes focusing on happy memories will help you feel more positive. ____20____ Roberts says it’s also helpful to remember that if you missed out on your last term at school, or birthday celebrations, then your friends did too. One day you will look back on this year as an important memory that you all share.
A. When do memories fade?
B. Can memories help wellbeing?
C. Memories tell you the story of yourself.
D. Emotional memories are usually sad ones.
E. These types of memories can be short or long term.
F. If you have difficult memories, though, it is important to talk about them.
G. By sharing our memories, we can feel closer to other people and more positive.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了分享记忆可以把你和别人联系起来，通过分享我们的记忆，我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极。解释了记忆是如何工作的、为何记忆重要以及记忆对健康的影响。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Do you have an important or favorite memory from the past? Perhaps it was clapping for goals, or seeing rainbow picture in the window. Shared memories can connect you to others.(你是否对过去有过重要或喜爱的回忆？也许是为进球而鼓掌，或者是看到橱窗里的彩虹画。分享记忆可以把你和别人联系起来)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明分享记忆如何让我们和别人联系起来：我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极。故G选项“通过分享我们的记忆，我们可以感到与他人更亲近，更积极”承接上文。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Motor-skill memories help you remember how to ride a bike; factual memories help you to remember faces.(机动技能记忆帮助你记住如何骑自行车；事实记忆帮助你记住面孔)”以及后文“Emotional memories recall how you felt about something and can be strong and powerful. Remembering the sadness of missing your friends during lockdown, and being happy and excited to see them again afterwards, are emotional memories. They are long term and can sometimes last a lifetime.(情感记忆能回忆起你对某件事的感觉，它很强大。想起禁闭期间想念朋友的悲伤，以及之后再次见到他们的高兴和兴奋，都是情感记忆。它们是长期的，有时可能持续一生)”可知，本句旨在说明上文提到的两种记忆类型的特点，E选项中long term对应后文中long term。故E选项“这些类型的记忆可以是短期的，也可以是长期的”符合语境。故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Information such as which school you go to and who your friends are is stored inside your brain, ready for when you need it. Memories can also help you manage feelings. Heidi, 12, told The Week, “If I miss seeing my granny and granddad, I remember staying with them in Devon. It makes me feel happy, like when I was there.”(你上的是哪所学校，你的朋友是谁，这些信息都储存在你的大脑里，在你需要的时候随时可以使用。记忆也可以帮助你管理情绪。12岁的海蒂告诉《The Week》杂志说：“如果我想念我的爷爷奶奶，我会记得和他们在德文郡的时候。这让我感到快乐，就像我在那里的时候一样。”)”可知，后文具体列举了储存在大脑里回忆，可知本句是在建议回忆。故C选项“回忆告诉你自己的故事”符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Kim Roberts, a professor who runs the Child Memory Lab in Canada, believes focusing on happy memories will help you feel more positive.(加拿大儿童记忆实验室的负责人金·罗伯茨教授认为，专注于快乐记忆将帮助你感觉更积极)”可知，后文提到记忆可以帮助感觉更积极，即在说明记忆对健康的影响。故B选项“记忆有助于健康吗？”符合语境。故选B。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Roberts says it’s also helpful to remember that if you missed out on your last term at school, or birthday celebrations, then your friends did too. One day you will look back on this year as an important memory that you all share.(罗伯茨说，如果你在学校错过了最后一个学期或生日庆祝活动，那么你的朋友也会错过，记住这一点也很有帮助。总有一天，当你们回顾这一年的时候，会觉得这是你们共同拥有的重要回忆)”可知，后文列举了一些不好的记忆，指出这些不好的记忆也能有帮助，故F选项“如果你有不好的记忆，那么把它们说出来是很重要的”符合语境。故选F。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Almost all animals sleep, but do they dream? We certainly can't ask animals if they dream, but we can at least ____21____ the evidence that they might. There are two ways in which scientists have gone about this seemingly ____22____ task. One is to look at their physical behaviour during the various stages of the sleep cycle. The second is to see whether their sleeping brains work similarly to our own sleeping brains.
The story of how we ____23____ how to look into the minds of sleeping animals begins in the 1960s. Back then, reports began to appear in medical journals describing people acting out ____24____ in their dreams. This was curious, because during so-called REM sleep(rapid eye movement), our muscles are usually paralysed.
Researchers realised that causing a similar state in ____25____ could allow them to explore how they dream. In 1965, French scientists Michel Jouvet and J F Delorme found that removing a part of the brainstem, called the pons, from a cat's brain ____26____ it becoming paralysed when in REM. The researchers called the condition "REM without atonia" or REM-A. Instead of lying still, the cats walked around and behaved aggressively. This hinted they were dreaming of ____27____ from their waking hours.
____28____ movement is not the only way of looking into dreams, though. Researchers can now ____29____ look into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals while they sleep. In 2007, MIT scientists Kenway Louise and Matthew Wilson recorded the activity of neurons in a part of the rat brain called the hippocampus, a structure known to be involved in the formation and encoding of memories. They first recorded the activity of those brain cells while the rats ran in their mazes. Then they looked at the activity of the very same neurons while they slept. Louise and Wilson discovered similar patterns of firing during ____30____ and during REM. ____31____ , it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping. The results were so clear that the researchers could infer the rats' precise ____32____ within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze.
Does the behaviour of cats in science experiments actually ____33____ dreaming? Do rats have any subjective awareness that they' re running their mazes in their minds while they nap? We can say with a reasonable amount of ____34____ that the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals. Yet what it's actually like to ____35____ a dream if you' re not human remains a mystery.
21. A. foresee B. cover C. strengthen D. observe
22. A. disconnected B. endless C. uncomfortable D. impossible
23. A. made for B. took over C. worked out D. turned down
24. A. dialogues B. ideals C. movements D. meanings
25. A. animals B. dreams C. humans D. changes
26. A. imagined B. prevented C. appreciated D. witnessed
27. A. disasters B. activities C. successes D. failures
28. A. Physical B. Accidental C. Harmonious D. Independent
29. A. randomly B. reluctantly C. unconsciously D. humanely
30. A. sleeping B. running C. recording D. studying
31. A. To sum up B. By comparison C. For example D. In other words
32. A. location B. prediction C. moment D. nature
33. A. account for B. rely on C. qualify as D. differ from
34. A. doubt B. certainty C. specification D. memory
35. A. explain B. explore C. experience D. experiment
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为了观察到动物们睡觉做梦的证据，科学家们通过两种方式来完成这项看似不可能的任务。介绍了研究的具体过程以及研究发现的意义。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们当然不能问动物是否做梦，但我们至少可以观察到它们可能做梦的证据。A. foresee预见；B. cover覆盖；C. strengthen加强；D. observe观察。根据后文“the evidence that they might”可知，此处指观察到动物做梦的证据，应用observe。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科学家们通过两种方式来完成这项看似不可能的任务。A. disconnected分离的；B. endless无尽的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. impossible不可能的。上文提到不能问动物是否做梦，但是可以观察到它们做梦的证据，所以是不可能的任务。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：关于我们如何研究睡着动物思想的故事始于20世纪60年代。A. made for导致；B. took over接管；C. worked out计算；D. turned down关小。根据后文“how to look into the minds of sleeping animals”可知，此处指研究睡着的动物的思想，应用work out。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时，医学期刊上开始出现描述人们在梦中行动的报告。A. dialogues对话；B. ideals理想；C. movements行动，运动；D. meanings意义。根据上文“people acting out”可知，此处是描述人们在梦中的行动。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员意识到，在动物身上产生类似的状态可以让他们探索自己是如何做梦的。A. animals动物；B. dreams梦想；C. humans人类；D. changes改变。根据上文可知，科学家主要是研究动物的梦境，所以是在动物身上产生类似的状态。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：1965年，法国科学家Michel Jouvet和J F Delorme发现，从猫的大脑中移除脑干的脑桥部分，可以防止猫在快速眼动时麻痹。A. imagined想象；B. prevented阻止；C. appreciated感激；D. witnessed目击。根据后文“it becoming paralysed when in REM”可知，因为猫的大脑中移除脑干的脑桥部分，所以是可以防止猫在快速眼动时瘫痪。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这暗示他们梦到了醒着时的活动。A. disasters灾难；B. activities活动；C. successes成功；D. failures失败。根据后文“from their waking hours”可知，此处是梦到了醒着的活动。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，身体运动并不是观察梦境的唯一方式。A. Physical身体的；B. Accidental意外的；C. Harmonious和谐的；D. Independent独立的。后文“into the electrical and chemical activities of brain cells in animals”提到了动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动，可见本句是在说明身体上的运动。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：研究人员现在可以以人道的方式观察动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动。A. randomly随便地；B. reluctantly不情愿地；C. unconsciously不知不觉；D. humanely人道地。根据后文科学家让老鼠走迷宫的方式来记录它们脑细胞的活动，可知，此处是以人道的方式观察动物睡眠时脑细胞的电和化学活动。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：路易丝和威尔逊在跑动和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式。A. sleeping睡觉；B. running奔跑；C. recording记录；D. studying学习。呼应上文中“while the rats ran in their mazes.”指在跑动和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，这就好像老鼠在睡觉的时候在大脑中走迷宫。A. To sum up总之；B. By comparison相比之下；C. For example例如；D. In other words换句话说。根据后文“it was as if the rats were running the maze in their minds while they were sleeping”可知，后文“这就好像老鼠在睡觉的时候在大脑中走迷宫”是对上文“在跑步和快速眼动期间发现了类似的放电模式”的一种转述，即“换句话说”故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究结果非常清楚，以至于研究人员可以推断出老鼠在大脑梦境迷宫中的精确位置，并将它们映射到迷宫中的实际位置。A. location位置；B. prediction预测；C. moment时刻；D. nature自然。根据后文“within their mental dream mazes and map them to actual spots within the actual maze”可知，研究人员可以推断出老鼠在大脑梦境迷宫中的精确位置，并将它们映射到迷宫中的实际位置。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在科学实验中，猫的行为真的称得上是在做梦吗？A. account for解释；B. rely on依赖；C. qualify as作为；D. differ from不同于。此处指科学实验中猫的行为是否真的称得上是在做梦，qualify as表示“称得上，作为”符合语境。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以相当肯定地说，人类做梦的生理和行为特征现在已经在猫、老鼠和其他动物身上看到了。A. doubt怀疑；B. certainty必然；C. specification规格；D. memory记忆。根据后文“the physiological and behavioural features of dreaming in humans have now been seen in cats, rats, and other animals”可知，人类做梦的生理和行为特征现在已经在猫、老鼠和其他动物身上看到了，这是可以肯定的事实。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你不是人类，在梦中体验到底是什么感觉仍然是个谜。A. explain解释；B. explore探索；C. experience经历；D. experiment实验。根据后文“a dream if you' re not human remains a mystery.”可知，此处指梦中的体验，应用experience。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
_____36_____ I think about the beauty and appeal of Chinese culture, one of the first things that enter my mind is images of complicated Chinese calligraphy. I love to watch the older folks in the park dip and sweep their brushes across the stones. I imagine as they swing their arms that their movements are part of _____37_____ dance and the watery messages left behind are the words to the song playing in their head. Unfortunately, just as the water slowly evaporates from sight, so, too, the art of Chinese calligraphy seems _____38_____ (fade) away gradually.
This is the fear of Cui Zhiqiang, a senior calligraphy master with the China Calligraphers Association. “The style of writing among Chinese people today has been changed or ruined,” he laments. He explains this as the unavoidable effect _____39_____ the everyday use of cellphones and computers. With the help of the pinyin system, people _____40_____ “write” the characters by simply spelling out the phonetic equivalent. Skillful strokes have been replaced with tapping and typing.
It isn’t just the written form of Chinese that is being impacted by this phenomenon, though. The English language has been impacted, too. Computer skills are now considered so basic that the time once spent _____41_____ (teach) cursive writing in elementary school is now being used to teach keyboarding. Furthermore, people have become so dependent on the spellcheck and autocorrect features _____42_____ their ability to spell is suffering.
Language and culture are inextricably linked. The written form of the Chinese language _____43_____ (carry) with it the stories of the traditional characters and the reasons for each and every change through the years. In light of its value, many people celebrated CCTV’s summer show, _____44_____ brought together groups of Chinese youth to compete in a dictation contest. The show was well received and generated an interest in young people to improve their handwriting skills and encouraged parents to enroll their children in calligraphy classes.
Not all see the changing forms of our written languages as a negative thing. If you look at language solely as a tool for communication, then perhaps you might agree. Modern ways of writing are efficient and effective. But if you also see language as an art form, then we are truly losing something _____45_____ (beautiful).
【答案】36. When##Whenever##Once
37. a 38. to be fading
39. of 40. can
41. teaching
42. that 43. carries
44. which 45. beautiful
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了因手机和电脑的普及，承载着传统汉字的故事的中国书法在逐渐消失，这一趋势使人担忧，央视暑期推出汉字听写比赛，弘扬汉字文化。
【36题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：当我想到中国文化的美丽和吸引力时，首先进入我脑海的东西之一就是复杂的中国书法。根据语境，设空处应用从属连词，引导时间状语从句，可用when，意为“在……时候”；或者whenever，意为“每当，无论何时”；或者once，意为“一旦，当……时候”。故填When或Whenever或Once。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我想象，当他们挥舞手臂时，他们的动作是舞蹈的一部分，留下的湿的的信息是在他们脑海中播放的歌曲的歌词。dance为可数名词，此处表示泛指，dance发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：不幸的是，就像水慢慢从视线中蒸发一样，中国书法艺术似乎也在逐渐消失。seem为系动词，后接动词不定式的进行时态，表示动作正在发生。故填to be fading。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：他解释说，这是手机和电脑日常使用不可避免的影响。固定短语the effect of...意为“……的影响”。故填of。
【40题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：在拼音系统的帮助下，人们可以通过简单地拼出语音对应词来“写”汉字。根据语境，人们借助于拼音，就有能力写汉字，设空处应填表示能力的情态动词。故填can。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：计算机技能现在被认为是如此的基本，以至于曾经在小学教草书的时间现在被用来教键盘。设空处前有the time, 后接过去分词短语once spent，固定搭配spend time doing sth，设空处为动名词形式。故填teaching。
【42题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：此外，人们已经变得如此依赖拼写检查和自动更正功能，他们的拼写能力正在受到影响。句子涉及句型so...that...，意为“如此……以至……”，设空处应填连接词that，表示结果。故填that。
【43题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：中国语言的书写形式承载着传统汉字的故事，以及历年来每一次变化的原因。陈述客观存在，用一般现在时态，主语为The written form，单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填carries。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：鉴于它的价值，许多人赞扬了央视的夏季节目，该节目将中国的年轻人聚集在一起参加听写比赛。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为summer show，先行词在从句中作主语，为物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但如果你也把语言看作一种艺术形式，那么我们真的失去了一些美丽的东西。修饰不定代词something的形容词应放在不定代词之后。故填beautiful。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together，内容包括：
1.短片内容：学校的发展；
2.放映时间、地点；
3.欢迎对短片提出意见。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Boys and girls
I have good news for you. The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend. It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us. If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity! Besides, all your suggestions and comments about this film will be welcome.It will be displayed in the School Film Hall, from 9:00 am to 10:00 am, June 9th, Saturday.That’s all. Thank you.
The Students Union
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知，请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会opportunity→chance
评论 comment→remark
关心 concern about →care about
认为 think→figure
2. 简单句变复合句
原句：The English film Growing Together made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.
扩展句：The English film Growing Together which was made by our teachers and some senior students will be displayed this weekend.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It shows us the whole history of school’s development, which is I think the attraction to us.（which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity!（if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节读后续写 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Houses are very different. Some are huge and have gold swimming pools. Pop stars live in those. Some are in rows with a brick wall at one end and overlook a pie factory. Franklin Gates lives in one of those. Number Three, Stanley Street, to be exact.
He loved living on Stanley Street. Everyone was friendly. All his mates were there and the smells from the pie factory, Mmm, delicious! There was just one problem. Franklin’s mum and dad wanted to move. His mum was expecting twins and they needed another bedroom. “This house is too small, ” said his mum. Next day, there was a “For Sale” sign stuck by Franklin’s door.
Franklin and his best friend Josh stared at the words of doom. “What am I going to do, Josh?” said Franklin.
Josh frowned. “Has your house got problems? Number forty’s got problems and no one wants to buy it.” Franklin stared at number forty. It looked all right to him. “What kind of problems?” he asked.
“Oh, mice and damp and really horrible wallpaper.” Franklin sighed. His house was warm and friendly and it had just been painted, worse luck.
Mrs. Cox lived next door to Franklin in a big house that had once been the corner shop. Just then, she came out, followed by her dog Zack.
“I’m sorry you’re moving,” Mrs. Cox said. “So am I,” Franklin grumbled. Mrs. Cox patted Franklin on the arm. “Never mind. Your house might take months to sell.”
However, a few days later, Franklin came home from school to find a man in the kitchen. His name was Mr. Bragg and was interested in buying the house. He glared at Franklin and trod on his toes, without saying sorry. Franklin’s heart sank when Mr. Bragg said he wanted to come back for a second visit on Saturday morning.
At school, Franklin asked, “Josh. Does your elder sister still work in the fish shop?” Josh nodded. “Good. Listen, I’ve got a job for you.”
Franklin cupped his hand over Josh’s ear and began whispering his plan.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry. “You’d better explain what’s going on!”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
One possible version:
Franklin cupped his hand over Josh’s ear and began whispering his plan. When Josh heard what Franklin wanted, his mouth opened wide enough to swallow a dentist. He cried, “I’ll get into trouble!” “It’s my only chance,” Franklin begged. On Saturday morning, Mr. and Mrs. Gates were still outside when Mr. Bragg rang the doorbell. Entering the house, Mr. Bragg stopped and sniffed the air, asking curiously “What’s that disgusting smell?” Franklin told him the factory does fish pie on Saturdays, which made Mr. Bragg frowned. He pulled a face and ran out of the door.
Mr. and Mrs. Gates were very angry. “You’d better explain what’s going on!” Franklin knew he was in big trouble. He cleared up all smelly fishes in their house which had been brought by Josh. At last, he said sorry to his mum and dad. Mrs. Cox arrived and came up with a good idea that she would like to swap her house with Franklin’s. “So we had one big house,” grinned Franklin.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Franklin家即将增添一对双胞胎，原来的房子不够住了，因此父母决定把房子卖了。然而Franklin 非常喜欢 Stanley Street,因为那里有他喜欢的味道，还有友好的邻居、最要好的朋友,他舍不得离开。但是父母还是决定卖掉房子，甚至还出现了一个很有可能购买他家房子的人Mr. Bragg。于是 Franklin决定想办法破坏Mr. Bragg的购房计划。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“富兰克林用手捂住乔希的耳朵，开始低声说出他的计划”可知，第一段写作重点应该放在 Franklin的动作和心理描写以及，Mr. Bragg来后对家里变化的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“盖茨夫妇非常生气。‘你最好解释一下发生了什么事！’”可知，第二段写作重点应该放在事情发生以后，对父母发脾气的描写以及知道Franklin的心理想法之后的反应。最后住房的问题解决了吗?还是说父母认为自己孩子的心情最重要?这两个结尾方式都可以考虑。
2.续写线索：Franklin告诉乔希计划——乔希很惊讶但还是答应了——Mr.Bragg看房子闻到臭鱼味而离去——Gates夫妇很生气，要求Franklin解释——Franklin承认错误—— Cox 同意和他们换房子。
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.大叫：cry/scream /shout/yell
②.解释：explain/interpret/give an explanation
③.买：buy/purchase
情绪类
①.好奇的：curiously/in curiosity/ inquisitively
②.令人厌恶的：disgusting/nasty
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Entering the house, Mr. Bragg stopped and sniffed the air asking curiously “What’s that disgusting smell?” （运用了现分词作状语）
[高分句型2].Franklin told him the factory does fish pie on Saturdays, which made Mr. Bragg frowned.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
相关试卷
2022-2023学年江西省景德镇一中高一上学期期中（19班）英语试题含答案： 这是一份2022-2023学年江西省景德镇一中高一上学期期中（19班）英语试题含答案，文件包含江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中19班英语试题原卷版docx、江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中19班英语试题答案版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江西省景德镇一中高一上学期期中（18班）英语试题含答案： 这是一份2022-2023学年江西省景德镇一中高一上学期期中（18班）英语试题含答案，文件包含江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中18班英语试题原卷版docx、江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中18班英语试题答案版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中（19班）英语试题(含答案)： 这是一份江西省景德镇一中2022-2023学年高一上学期期中（19班）英语试题(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
