备战2023年新中考二轮英语专题导练 考点3 非谓语动词

考点3 非谓语动词

考点精讲

概念∶非谓语动词又叫非限定动词，是指在句中不作谓语的动词，包括不定式、动名词、分词。

用法∶作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语

非谓语动词  不定式  固定搭配常见接不定式作宾语的词∶agree，afford，expect，choose，help，offer 等

常见接不定式作宾语补足语的词∶allow，ask，encourage，invite，wish，want 等

不定式常见的句型

动名词  用法∶作主语、宾语、补语、状语、表语等

常见动名词作宾语的词∶suggest，enjoy，finish，keep，mind 等

一．分析

分析近10年中考真题可知，语法选择中考查2道动词不定式作宾语补足语，选项为同一动词的不同形式;往年单项填空中每年必考1道动词不定式，其中有动词不定式作宾语（9年3考）、作宾补、作目的状语和作主语。选项设置有以下3种形式∶

①四个选项为同一动词的不同形式（如∶finish;to finish;finishes;finishing）;

②四个选项为同一动词的不定式和动名词的肯定和否定形式（如∶to win;winning;not to win;not winning）;

③四个选项为同一动词的原形和不定式的肯定和否定形式（如∶build;not build;to build;not to build）。动名词仅在2013年短文填空中考查过1次（2013.76）。考生在平时的学习中应注意掌握动词不定式的用法和后加v.-ing 的固定搭配.

二．非谓语动词形式

动词的非谓语形式分为：动词不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)。不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语是不定式的主要考点。某些动词后只能接动名词是动名词的主要考点。

三．非谓语动词分类

1.动词不定式

考点一：带to的动词不定式

不定式的肯定形式为to do sth.，否定形式为not to do sth.。具体用法如下：    

用法1：动词后面直接加to do,做宾语

用法2：先接人，后接to do，做宾语补足语

用法3：疑问词后接 to do，做宾语

注意：

1.it做形式主语雨形式宾语的情况，动词不定式才是真正的主语和宾语。

1）it作形式主语：“It is+adj.+of/for sb. to do sth.”。如：
①It is difficult for us to solve the problem.对我们来说解决这个问题很难。
②It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。
2）it作形式宾语：“sb. find/think it+adj. +to do sth.”，意为“某人发现/认为做某事是……的”。如：
I find it easy to learn English well.我发现学好英语很简单。

2.动词不定式表目的。

To make great progress, you should work harder.为了取得进步，你应该更加努力工作。

考点二：不带to的动词不定式

1.使役动词和感官动词为主动语态时省略to, 若为被动语态，要加上to。

2.不带to的句型。

2.动名词

动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成， 相当于名词，形式与动词的现在分词相同。动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可充当主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语等。

口诀：常见后只接动名词的动词

喜欢(enjoy)一直(keep) 提建议(suggest/advise)；期待(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish); 想要(feel like)花费(spend)值得(be worth)去练习(practice)；忍俊不禁(can't help)还介意(mind)忙碌(be busy)

真题解析

例题

1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Today there are already robots ________ in the restaurants. They are serving the people.

A．works B．worked C．working D．work

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

句意：今天已经有机器人在餐馆里工作了。他们在为人民服务。

考查非谓语动词。works动词单三式；worked动词过去式；working现在分词形式；work动词原形。there be sb./sth. doing…“有某人/某物正在做……”，固定用法。故选C。

2．（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）We all need to know ________ to do if there is an earthquake.

A．how B．what C．which D．whether

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

句意：如果发生了地震，我们都需要知道做什么。

考查疑问代词。 how 怎么样； what什么； which 哪一个； whether是否。句子用“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构作宾语。表达在地震时应“做什么”，用“what”。故选B。

3．（2021·西藏·中考真题）His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.

A．laughs B．laughing C．to laugh D．laugh

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

句意：他的表兄是个幽默的人。他总是使我们开怀大笑。

考查非谓语动词。“make sb. do sth.”意为“使某人做某事”，结合此句型可知，“使某人大笑”为“make sb. laugh”，故选D。

（2021·西藏·中考真题）句子改错

4．There is few water in the bottle. Why don’t you get some?   

               A             B                      C                    D

5．Do you have important anything to tell us?   

 A               B                  C                    D

6．If you don’t know the word, please look up it in the dictionary.

A            B        C                                      D

7．He spent too much time to play computer games.

          A          B                       C                  D

8．Our teacher always tells us don’t throw rubbish everywhere.

                      A            B             C                                      D

【答案】4．A；little

5．C；anything important

6．D；look it up

7．C；playing

8．C；not to throw

【解析】

【详解】

1.句意：瓶子里几乎没有水了，为什么不去取一些呢？little修饰不可数名词，few修饰可数名词， 几乎没有，用little修饰。故答案为A；little。

2.句意：你有重要的事情要告诉我们吗？形容词修饰名词时放在名词之前，修饰代词时放在代词之后；故答案为C；anything important。

3.句意：如果你不认识这个单词，请查字典。look up是动词和副词构成的短语，宾语是名词时，宾语要放在中间；故答案为D；look up it。

4.句意：他花了太多的时间玩电脑游戏。花费时间做某事的短语：spend some time doing sth.；句中的to play应改为playing。故答案为C；playing。

5.句意：我们老师总是告诉我们不要到处扔垃圾。告诉某人做某事： tell sb. to do sth.；其否定形式为：tell sb. not。故答案为C；not to throw。

9．（2021·贵州遵义·中考真题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改同桌写的以下作文, 文中有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加和删除, 以及其他单词的修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧, 并在其下面写出该增加的词。删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 请在答题卡的指定位置上答题；3. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear Dad,

I’m writing this letter because I hope you won’t smoke any more. After looking up a lot of informations about smoking, I know how harm it is.

Thousands of people died from smoking every year. I hope you will not be one of they.

Besides, smoking may cause many illnesses for people which are close to the smokers. You shouldn’t get angrily when mom asks you not to smoking, because she doesn’t want us to be influence.

Although it is very difficult to stop smoking, but we will do our best to help you. You must have try.

Your loving daughter,

Kate

【答案】1. informations—information

2. harm—harmful

3. died—die

4. they—them

5. which—who/that

6. angrily—angry

7. smoking—smoke

8. influence—influenced

9.去掉but

10.添加a

【解析】

【分析】

本文是Kate写给爸爸的一封信，信中她劝告爸爸不要吸烟了，并说明了吸烟的害处。

【详解】

1. After looking up a lot of informations about smoking在查阅了大量关于吸烟的信息之后。information“信息”，不可数名词，应去掉s。

2. I know how harm it is我知道它是多么有害。感叹句句型“How+形容词+主谓”，harm“危害”名词，应变为形容词harmful“有害的”。

3. Thousands of people died from smoking every year.每年有成千上万的人死于吸烟。根据“every year”可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语“people”是复数，谓语动词用原形，died应变为die。

4. I hope you will not be one of they.我希望你不会成为他们中的一员。介词of后接人称代词宾格，they“他们”，人称代词主格，应变为宾格them。

5. Besides, smoking may cause many illnesses for people which are close to the smokers.此外，吸烟可能会给与吸烟者关系密切的人带来许多疾病。句子是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是 “people”，指人，在从句中作主语，关系代词which应变为that或who。

6. You shouldn’t get angrily when mom asks you not to smoking当妈妈叫你不要吸烟时，你不应该生气。系动词get后接形容词作表语，angrily“生气地”，副词，应变为形容词angry。

7. You shouldn’t get angrily when mom asks you not to smoking当妈妈叫你不要吸烟时，你不应该生气。ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，因此smoking应变为原形smoke。

8. because she doesn’t want us to be influence因为她不想让我们受到影响。此处表示“被影响”，be动词后应用过去分词，因此动词原形influence后加d，变为influenced。

9. Although it is very difficult to stop smoking, but we will do our best to help you.虽然戒烟很难，但我们会尽力帮助你。although“虽然”引导让步状语从句，主句不能加but，故将but去掉。

10. You must have try. 你必须试一试。have a try“试一试”，固定短语，因此在try前加冠词a。

突破提升

一、单项选择

1．（2021·西藏·中考真题）My mother says ________ a glass of milk every day is good for our health.

A．drink B．to drink C．drinking D．drinks

2．（2021·西藏·中考真题）It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need.

A．for; to help B．of; to help C．for; helping D．of; helping

3．（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）My family enjoy ________ books in the city library in our spare time.

A．reads B．read C．to read D．reading

4．（2021·山东济南·中考真题）—Have you finished your book report yet?

—No, I haven’t. I plan ________ it this weekend.

A．write B．wrote C．writing D．to write

5．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）Students should have outdoor activities every day ________ their eyesight.

A．improve B．to improve C．check D．to check

6．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）Because of COVID-19, the government advised us ________ to the public places less.

A．going B．to go C．not to go D．go

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

7．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）It’s kind of you ______ (help) the old cross the road.

8．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Volunteers in our community are busy ______ (get) ready for the coming charity show.

三、完成句子

9．（2021·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·中考真题）这本周刊值得一读，它展示了中国近年来所取得的诸如“嫦娥五号”“天问一号”和深潜器“奋斗者号”等科技成就。

The weekly magazine ________ ________ ________, which presents China’s great scientific achievements, such as Chang’e-5, Tianwen land Fendouzhe.

四、多句选词填空

（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）用所给词或短语的适当形式填空

10．In the early 1830s, the man who invented a new kind of camera was Daguerre, also ________.

11．Tom couldn’t remember anything because he was ________.

12．________, Robert met his good friend in a small village of China.

13．Chinese people will celebrate the CPC’s (the Communist Party of China) ________ birthday on July 1.

14．________ silk, Chinese archaeologists (考古学家) found some gold masks in the San xingdui Ruins.

15．Lucy was late for school again. She felt ashamed and avoided ________ directly into her teacher’s eyes.

16．As one of the most well-known dances in China, the lion dance ________ for more than 2, 000 years.

17．You’d better warn your children ________ fires when they are at home alone.

18．Now Chinese brands(品牌) ________ Huawei, HuiLi and LiNing are famous for their high quality.

19．She ________ the baby down lightly on the bed and left the room quietly.