备战2023年新中考二轮英语专题导练 考点5 被动语态

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考点5 被动语态考点精讲 概念∶主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者由 by 引出，by 意为"被/由"一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态was/were +过去分词动词的 被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词构成语态            现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are ＋being +过去分词    现在完成时的被动语态∶has/have + been+过去分词含情态动词的被动语态∶情态动词 +be +过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法∶宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词变被动常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况使用被动语态的情况主动结构表被动意义的情况一．分析年份考查题型考点2021语法选择1题一般过去时被动语态2020语法选择1题一般过去时被动语态2019单项填空1题一般将来时被动语态2018单项填空1题短文填空1题一般过去时被动语态2017单项填空1题一般过去时被动语态分析近10年中考真题可知，语法选择中2年考查了2道被动语态。往年单项填空每年必考1道动词的语态，选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态，而对其时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。解答此类试题，考生应做到以下几点： 1.观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；2.分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be+过去分词)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；3.根据时态判断出正确的答案。一、动词语态基本知识1.定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。简单来说，就是判断谓语动作是否是主语发出的，如果是，一般为主动语态，如果不是，通常是被动语态。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：She opened the window. 她打开了这扇窗户。(主动语态)The window was opened.  这扇窗被打开了。(被动语态)2. 被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。be动词的变化体现时态的变化，过去分词的形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。二、中考主要的四种被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态。构成：主语＋be(am/is/are)＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．如：Our house is cleaned by my sister every day. 我们的房子每天由我姐姐打扫。(肯定句)→Our house isn't cleaned by my sister every day. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not)→Is our house cleaned by my sister every day? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)2.一般过去时的被动语态。构成：主语＋be(was/were)＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．如：The pen was bought by my father yesterday. 这支钢笔是我爸爸昨天买的。→The pen wasn't bought by my father yesterday. (否定句，在was/were后加not)→Was the pen bought by my father yesterday? (一般疑问句，把was/were提到句首) 3.一般将来时的被动语态。构成：（1）主语＋will be＋动词的过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．（2）主语＋be(am/is/are)＋going to be＋动词的过去分词 ＋by sb./to do sth．如：(1)These trees will be planted tomorrow. 这些树明天将被种植。→These trees won't be planted tomorrow. (否定句，在will后加not)→Will these trees be planted tomorrow? (一般疑问句，把will提到句首)(2)The meeting is going to be held next week. 会议将于下周召开。→The meeting isn't going to be held next week. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not) →Is the meeting going to be held next week? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)4.含有情态动词的被动语态。构成：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋by sb./to do sth．如：The plan should be made as soon as possible. 这项计划应该尽早制订出来。→The plan shouldn't be made as soon as possible. (否定句，主语＋情态动词＋not ＋ be＋ done)→Should the plan be made as soon as possible? (一般疑问句，情态动词＋主语＋be＋ done)→What should be made as soon as possible? (特殊疑问句， 特殊疑问词＋情态动词 (＋主语)＋be ＋done)三、使用被动语态应注意的几个方面1. 使役动词的被动语态。常见的使役动词为make、let、keep、have、get等，see、hear、notice等为感官动词，使役动词的句子在表达主动意义时，动词do前面没有to，但在被动语态中要加to。即：主动：make / see / watch / notice / hear sb. do sth.被动：sb. be made / seen / watched / noticed / heard to do sth.e.g.: I made the baby cry.(主动语态)=The baby was made to cry by me.(被动语态)2. 双宾语的被动语态。(1)间接宾语(人)变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语(物)仍保留在原位。e.g.: She gave me a book just now.=I was given a book by her just now．(2)间接宾语(物)变成被动语态的主语，间接宾语(人)前加介词to或for。e.g.:She gave me a book just now.=A book was given to me by her just now．3. 感官动词(look、 smell、 taste、 sound、 feel)用主动语态表被动。e.g.: The music sounds sweet．4. 不及物动词(happen、take place、 cost、break out、 spread、 belong to等)没有被动语态。e.g.: News spreads fast on WeChat today.5.动词短语变成被动语态时不能少掉其中的介词或副词。e.g.: The nurse looks after the patient well.=The patient is looked after well by the nurse．6.open、 lock、 write、 read、 sell、 clean、 wash、 cut、 drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表被动。e.g.: This kind of shirt washes well.The pen writes smoothly．7.动词ing形式表被动的动词①need, require作“需要”时，其后常跟动词ing表被动。等同于不定式后的被动语态。  The bike needs mending. = The bike needs to be mended.      ②be worth doing sth.值得做某事  The book is well worth reading. 真题解析例题1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）—More trees need to be planted in the northwest of China—Yes. With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could ________.A．protect B．be protected C．stop D．be stopped【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——中国西北部需要种植更多的树木。——是的。有了足够的树木，沙尘暴就可以被阻止。 考查情态动词的被动语态以及动词辨析。protect保护；stop停止。根据“With enough trees, sandstorms（沙尘暴）could”可知，有了足够的树，沙尘暴才可以被阻止，主语“sandstorms”与谓语动词“stop”是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动语态；又因题空前“could”可知，这里是情态动词的被动语态，结构是“情态动词+be done”。故选D。2．（2021·四川资阳·中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ into space last year and landed successfully on Mars recently.A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．had sent【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：天问一号去年发射升空，最近成功登陆火星。考查一般过去时的被动语态。结合时间状语last year可知本句用一般过去时；主语“天问一号”和谓语动词“发送”是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，其结构为be done。故选C。3．（2021·江苏徐州·中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou in September 2022. I can’t wait!A．were held B．will be held C．have held D．are held【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2022年9月在杭州举行，我等不及了。考查一般将来时的被动语态 。根据题干，可知主语“The 19th Asian Games”（第十九届亚运会）和其谓语“hold”（举行）之间是被动关系，且题干时间状语“in September 2022”表示的语境是将来时态，因此设空处应用一般将来时态的被动语态，即will be held符合语境，故选B。4．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Many people believe that teenagers should ________（allow）to make their own decisions in some ways.【答案】be allowed【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：许多人认为青少年应该被允许在某些方面做自己的选择。主语teenagers “青少年” 是动词allow “允许”动作的承受者，表示应该被允许做决定，结构是情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故填be allowed。（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）用所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一词。catch, discuss, pull, down, climb, fight 5．Many old houses around our school ________ last year and a large green area appeared.6．With strong team spirit, the Chinese women’s volleyball players ________ for the national honor at the coming Olympics.7．Tom ________ the volunteer program with his friends at this time yesterday.8．The smart robot in the restaurant always ________ the customers’ eyes.9．It’s reported that the temperature ________ quickly since this morning.【答案】5．were pulled down6．will fight##are going to fight7．was discussing8．catches9．has climbed【解析】【分析】5．句意：去年，我们学校附近很多旧房子被拆除，出现了一大片绿地。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词短语pull down拆除，推倒；根据“last year”可知时态为一般过去时，故动词应用其过去式；房子是被拆除，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词；主语houses为复数。故填were pulled down。6．句意：在即将到来的奥运会上，中国女排队员将凭借强大的团队精神为国家荣誉而战。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词fight战斗；根据“at the coming Olympics”可知时态为一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形和be going to+动词原形；主语“players”为复数，故be动词用are。故填will fight/are going to fight。7．句意：昨天这个时候汤姆正在和他的朋友讨论志愿者计划。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词discuss讨论；根据“at this time yesterday.”可知时态为过去进行时，其结构为was/were+动词ing；主语Tom为第三人称单数，故be动词用was。故填was discussing。8．句意：餐馆里的智能机器人总是能吸引顾客的眼球。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词catch抓住，吸引；根据“always”可知时态为一般现在时，主语“The smart robot”为第三人称单数。故填catches。9．句意：据报道，从今天早上开始，气温迅速上升。分析句意和句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，故空格处应填动词climb上升，升高；根据“since this morning”可知时态为现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词；主语“the temperature”为第三人称单数。故填has climbed。突破提升一、单项选择1．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）In the year of 2020, each of us ________ by the people like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan who taught us how to fight against the difficulties in life with a strong will.A．were greatly encouraged B．greatly encouragesC．greatly encouraged D．was greatly encouraged2．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—In China, driving after drinking ________.—You are right. That’s ________ the law.A．is not allowed; against B．was not allowed; withC．are not allowed; for D．were not allowed; along3．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）More dinosaur fossils(化石), including footprints, bones or eggs, could ________ in the future.A．discover B．be discovered C．have discovered D．be discovering4．（2021·湖北省直辖县级单位·中考真题）—How clean your bike is!—Thank you. It ________ very often.A．is washed B．washes C．was washing D．washed5．（2021·江苏南通·中考真题）—Good news! The Underground Line 1 in Nantong ________ to come into service soon.—That’s great! Transport will become much easier for us.A．will be expected B．is expected C．expects D．is expecting二、用所给单词的正确形式填空6．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）Rubbish is ________ (separate) into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai.7．（2021·甘肃兰州·中考真题）Should teenagers be ________（allow） to choose their own clothes?三、完成句子8．（2021·广东广州·中考真题）这款机器人是由一位十岁的小学生发明的。This robot _________ _________ by a ten-year-old pupil.9．（2021·辽宁阜新·中考真题）中国共产党于1921年7月1日成立。The Communist Party of China ____________ on 1st of July, 1921.四、汉译英：整句10．（2021·山东威海·中考真题）这个漂亮的公园是什么时候建的？ ____________________________?