2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全专题05 代词

这是一份2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全专题05 代词，共21页。
专题05 代词
2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全


【考点详解】

【命题解读】
代词是历年高考的重要考点。分析多年来的高考真题不难看出，对代词的考查主要集中在语法填空的空格题和短文改错中。不过，在七选五和完形填空中，人称代词也常常以上下文的形式，对答案给出重要提示。

【命题预测】
预计2023年高考中代词依旧以语法填空和短文改错的形式出现。但是，命题者会更加注重学生们在特定语言环境中对代词的把握，例如上下文人称是否一致，单复数是否一致等。

【复习建议】
1.掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、指示代词和it的用法
2.在精选专题训练中，强化对整体语境中代词的理解和训练，不要单纯的只看本句话就定答案。












【思维导图】








考点一 （代词的分类）

代词分为九大类，分别是：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词、相互代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1．人称代词用来代替人或物，有人称、数和格的变化，其形式如下：
人称
主格(主语)
宾格(宾语)
第一人称
I; we
me; us
第二人称
you
you
第三人称
he; she; it; they
him; her; it; them

2．物主代词：在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词；在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词＋n.的为名词性物主代词，通常在句子中作主语或宾语，如下表：
形容词性物主代词
my
our
your
his
her
its
their
名词性物主代词
mine
ours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs

[注意]（1）形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词，如：her father她的父亲。


【典例剖析】
(2022全国乙卷) Ecotourism has __________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。origin意为“起源”，空格处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词origin。


【典例剖析】
(2022全国卷Ⅰ)Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。设空处后面为名词plans，设空处需要形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词plans，故填its。
（2）“of（介词）＋名词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”构成双重所有格，如：a friend of mine（my father's）我（我父亲的）朋友中的一个。
(3)形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调，one's own ... ＝ ... of one's own。
(4)某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb by the arm, be wounded in the leg。
3．指示代词this, that, these, those的用法
this/these指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用
that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提到过的人或物，起承上的作用
①What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work.
我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。
②He hurt his arm yesterday. That's why he didn't come.
他昨天伤了胳膊，那就是他为什么没来的原因。
[注意]（1）this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍；that用于询问对方；this和that还可以当副词用，相当于副词so，意为“这么；那么”。
Hello. This is Jim speaking. Who's that？
您好。我是吉姆，您是哪一位？
The dictionary is about this thick.
那本词典大约有这么厚。
Can hard work change a person that much？
繁重的工作能使人变化那么大吗？
（2）same也是常见的指示代词，注意前面要有定冠词the。
(1)反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。
人称代词
I
you
he
she
they
it
反身代词
myself
yourself/yourselves
himself
herself
themselves
itself
①You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home.(宾语)
你不应把孩子独自留在家里。
②I am not myself today.(表语)
我今天不舒服。
③The thing itself is not important.(同位语)
事情本身并不重要。
(2)常见的一些含反身代词的固定搭配：
behave oneself 举止良好
seat oneself 坐下来
devote oneself to 专心于
come to oneself 苏醒过来
dress oneself 自己穿衣；穿着，打扮
help oneself to 随便吃，随便用
by oneself　独自地
for oneself 亲自
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
注意: 使用反身代词时，其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用，否则使用人称代词。
限时练1　单句语法填空
①—Jim, can you work this Sunday?
—Why ________？ I've been working for two weeks on end.
②On my desk is a photo that my father took of ________ when I was a baby.
③—Tom, ________ (I) bike is broken. Would you please lend ________ (you) to me?
—Sorry. ________ (I) has been taken by Jack. You can ask him if you like.
④This is our room, and ________ (you) is just across the hall.
⑤I want to tell you ________： the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
⑥The weather of Beijing is colder than ________ of Nanjing.
⑦I don't believe you. Did you see it ________？
⑧It is not his fault. I cut ________ with a knife.
答案：①me　②me　③my; yours; Mine　④yours　⑤this　⑥that　⑦yourself　⑧myself
注意：人称代词主要作主语和宾语，高考多考查上下文人称代词的不一致。

考点二 （易混不定代词的区别）

1．one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别
one
代指可数名词，单数，泛指
ones
代指可数名词，复数，泛指
the one
代指可数名词，单数，特指
the ones
代指可数名词，复数，特指
that
代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于the one
those
代指可数名词，复数，特指(＝the ones)
it
上文中所提到的同一个事物

①The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一趟。
②His own experience was different from that of his friends.
他自己的体验和朋友们的体验不同。
③I love spring—it is a wonderful time of the year.
我喜欢春天——这是一年中一段美妙的时节。
④The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.
桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。
2．the other, other, another, others的区别
the other
the other指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ..., the other ... “一个……另一个……”。作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”
other
other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
another
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others
单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；特指其他的全部人或事物时用the others
Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another.
回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。
3．either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别
either
肯定
意义
表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
both
肯定
意义
表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither
否定
意义
表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
all
肯定
意义
表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一致
none
否定
意义
表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数
any
肯定
意义
表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用


①Larry asks Bill and Peter to go for a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.
拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐，但他们两个都不想去，因为他们都有工作要做。
②I've lived in New York and Chicago，but don't like either of them very much.
我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。
4．none, no one与nothing的区别
(1)none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
(2)nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。
(3)no one/nobody指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。
I was going to offer you some cakes, but there is none left.
我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。
5．each与every的区别
(1)each强调“个体”，指“(两者或两者以上人或物中的)每个”，可与of短语搭配。
(2)every强调“整体”，指“整体中的每一个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配。
①Each of the boys wants to have a try. →The boys each want to have a try.
每个男孩都想试试。
②Every mother loves her children dearly.
每个母亲都非常爱自己的孩子。
6．不定代词的部分否定与全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
①None of us was going to the party.
我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
(2)当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等以及“every＋名词”的句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。
②Not all of them smoke.
→All of them don't smoke.
他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
③Not everyone likes music.
并不是所有的人都喜欢音乐。
7．不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 仅仅，只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分，略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
all but 几乎，差不多 every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)互相
one another ... (三者或三者以上)互相
one ..., the other ... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some ..., others ... 一些……另一些……
限时练2　单句语法填空
①There is a door at ________ end of the corridor.
②The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.
③We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let's have ________ one this month.
④He raised one arm and then ________.
⑤Some designs are better than ________.
⑥Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.
⑦—Wow! You've got so many clothes.
—But ________ of them are in fashion now.
⑧I have many books here, and you can take ________ one.
⑨I'm moving to the countryside, because the air there is much fresher than ________ in the city.
⑩Helping others is a habit, ________ you can learn even at an early age.
【答案】：
①either　②neither　③another　④the other　⑤others　⑥nothing　⑦none　⑧any　⑨that　⑩one

考点三 （疑问代词what与which）

1．what的习惯用法
用法
例句
What ... for？和What for？用于询问原因和目的
①—What did you put it into the soup for？
—It would improve the taste.
——你为什么把它放到汤里去？
——那会使汤的味道更好。
②—I'm going to the grocery store.
—What for? We still have enough food in the fridge.
——我打算去食品杂货店。
——为什么？我们的冰箱里还有足够的食物。
What if ...？表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑
What if he doesn't come tomorrow?
要是他明天不来了怎么办？
What do you mean (by ...)？表示愤怒、不满等情绪
What do you mean by shutting the door so loudly？你关门这么大声音是什么意思？
What/How about ...？
用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况
—We need one more player.
—What about Lily? She is a very nice girl.
——我们还需要一个队员。
——李莉怎么样？她是个很不错的姑娘。
So what？那又怎么样呢？(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)
—He took the first place in the match！
—So what？
——他比赛得了第一名！
——那又怎么样？
Guess what？你猜怎么着？(用以引起他人的注意)
Guess what? Tom got married to Marry.
你猜怎么着？汤姆和玛丽结婚了。
Like what？
比如说？
—I hope you will buy me a special gift for my birthday.
—Like what？
——我希望你为我买一份特殊的生日礼物。
——比如说？
注意what与下列黑体名词的搭配。
What is
2．which的特定用法
在表示有范围的选择时，只能用which，切不可因汉语思维而误用who或what。
There are several girls on the playground. Which is your sister?
操场上有好几位女孩，哪个是你妹妹？
限时练3　单句语法填空
①I found two books on the desk. ________ is yours?
②A ship in the harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.
③________ is the population of Zhejiang Province?
④________ do you prefer, desktops or laptops?
⑤________ do you mean, you thought I don't mind?
【答案】：
①Which　②what　③What　④Which　⑤What
易错点：
一　代词“格”的误用
【误】It was a great privilege for I to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
【正】It was a great privilege for me to be able to spend so much time with him down here.
[分析]　介词之后要用宾格代词作宾语，故I改为me。
二　代词单复“数”的误用
【误】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to him.
【正】The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
[分析]　指代复数名词the students应用复数代词them，故him改为them。
三　代词词“性”的误用
【误】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because he was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
【正】She rushed to pick up the phone when it rang because she was worried about her husband's whereabouts.
[分析]　根据语境可知，担忧丈夫的是主语she，故he改为she。
四　反身代词与人称代词的误用或称谓指代误用
(1)【误】He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others in our small town.
【正】He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town.
[分析]　根据语境可知，which指代a deep voice，故此处不能用反身代词。
(2)【误】Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself.
【正】Everyone should take an umbrella with himself or herself.
[分析]　根据语境可知，“每个人”与“你自己”并非同一人称的指代。everyone的反身代词应为不知男女的第三人称，故将yourself改为himself or herself。
五　物主代词的误用
【误】We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake.
【正】We took our fishing poles and headed for the lake.
[分析]　修饰名词fishing poles应用形容词性物主代词，故ours改为our。
[注意]　造成以上错误的原因是对常见代词的用法掌握不牢。应加强对考点一的学习。另外，平时学习特别是写作时要格外留心此方面的知识。
六　功能词it的缺失和替代词的误用
(1)【误】We think necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
【正】We think it necessary to make people fully aware of the danger of breaking the traffic rules.
[分析]　此句要用it代替不定式短语to make people fully aware of ... 充当形式宾语，故think后要加it。句意：我们认为有必要让人们充分认识违反交通规则的危害。
(2)【误】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from it of America and Europe.
【正】As you would expect, China's Internet looks different from that of America and Europe.
[分析]　it特指同一事物，that特指单数同类事物，根据语境可知it应改为that。句意：正如你预想的，中国的互联网看起来与美国和欧洲的不同。
[注意]　it是高频考点，除了要掌握it的基本用法外，还应多记忆和it有关的词组、句式及特殊用法。




【牛刀小试】
单句填空
1. (2022·全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
2. (2022·江苏高考)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for ________ (what)．
3. (2022·天津高考)A study shows the students who are engaged in after－school activities are happier than ________ (that) who are not.
4. By that time, the panda no longer needed (it)mother for food.
5. A few hours earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog.
6. The girl was sitting on the chair quietly, burying ___________ (she) in the magazine in the hands.
7. My father kept _________(him) word and treated me to a wonderful sightseeing trip after I won the contest.
8. I wish to thank Mr. Smith, and without __________(he) help I would never have got this far.
9. She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
【答案】：
1. it 2. whatever 3.those 4. its 5. its 6.herself 7.his 8. his 9.myself






单项选择
1．______ could be judged from her eyes that she was terribly sorry for ______ he had done.
A．As; what B．It; what C．What; that D．That; that
2．Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious ______ than mobile phones do.
A．one B．ones C．that D．those
3．Living in the north, I prefer a local university to________in the south, for it is convenient to go back home.
A．that B．it C．one D．this
4．The mistakes made by Chinese students are quite different from _______ made by Japanese students in English study.
A．it B．that C．ones D．those
5．The exchange student from Kenya often shares with us the news of his country and ________ of his neighbouring countries.
A．those B．that C．it D．the ones
6．Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, that different cultures should coexist with tolerance.
A．the one B．the ones C．ones D．one
7．— Can I help you, sir?
— Well, I intend to purchase a gift for my buddy’s wedding anniversary, ________ at a proper price, but of great value.
A．which B．that C．one D．it
8．Students in Shuang Ling Middle School think ________ vital to learn English well, so they make good use ________ their spare time to study it hard.
A．this; with B．that; of C．it; of D．/; for
9．No visitor would think _________ surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
A．that B．it C．this D．what
10．—I don’t think ______ possible for little Julia to walk around without any assistance.
—But she made it.
A．this B．she C．that D．it
11．Adolescents need adults to guide them; otherwise, ______ is easy for them to get into trouble.
A．that B．which C．it D．what
12．—Have you made clear when and where the meeting is to be held?
—Not yet.
A．them B．that C．this D．it
13．—Can I come today or tomorrow?
—_________is OK. I’m busy today and tomorrow.
A．Either B．Neither C．Each D．None
14．Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as many different cultures as the United States is a difficult thing.
A．which B．one C．that D．it
15．To know more about the Summer Palace, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or ______.
A．neither B．some C．all D．both
16．— Have you booked a table, madam?
— Yes, we’ve booked ______ for two. The name is Morrison.
A．it B．that C．this D．one
17．_______ is required that by no means _______ he betray his motherland even if he lacks money or rights.
A．What; can B．It; could C．It; should D．What; could
18．______ is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.
A．There B．It C．That D．that
19．You oughtn’t to have gone out without a coat yesterday. It isn’t surprising ________ you caught a cold.
A．whether B．why C．how D．that
20．Some babies began talking as early as six months; ________ don’t speak until they are more than two years old.
A．others B．the other C．the others D．another
21．To improve my spoken English, I make ________ to recite a passage of English every day.
A．a rule B．a rule that C．it a rule D．a rule it is
22．Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself.
A．one B．that C．those D．this
23．Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ________ that I had never seen.
A．ones B．one C．those D．the ones
24．Video footage circulated by state media showed gray smoke emerging from the crash site and ________appeared to be a wing fragment lying along the side of a mountain trail with the Chinese characters for “China Eastern” partly visible.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
25．It seemed so sad that the two, who had been lovers, pretended not to recognize ________ when they met in the street.
A．neither B．the other C．each other D．another
26．In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A．this B．that C．there D．it
27．________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customers inconvenience.
A．None B．Anyone C．One D．Someone
28．—Bob isn’t feeling very well today. He has caught a cold.
—Everybody seems to have ______, owing to the sudden change of weather.
A．one B．it C．that D．another
29．Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with ____________of their parents.
A．those B．that C．the ones D．these
30．I don’t mind what kind of car it is. I just want ______ that gets me there.
A．those B．one C．that D．ones

【参考答案】
1．B
【详解】考查it作形式主语和宾语从句。句意：从她的眼睛里可以看出，她对他的所作所为感到非常难过。分析句子结构可知，第一空为it作形式主语，后面的that引导的是主语从句作真正的主语，且空格位于句首，首字母要大写，所以第一空选择It；第二空引导的是宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，从句中缺少done的宾语，结合句意，空处指的是“事件”，所以第二空选择what。故选B项。
2．B
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：汽车确实会给我们带来一些健康问题——事实上，比手机更严重。根据句意可知，此处应用ones指代复数名词problems，ones前面往往有前置定语；those指代复数，但一般使用后置定语；AC两项指代单数。故选B项。
3．C
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：住在北方，比起南方的大学，我更喜欢当地的大学，因为回家更方便。A. that那个；B. it它；C. one一个；D. this这个。空格处用one指代前面的可数名词的单数形式“a local university”，故选C。
4．D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：在英语学习中，中国学生所犯的错误与日本学生所犯的错误是迥然不同的。A.it它；B.that那个；C.ones某人或某物；D.those那些。分析句意及句子结构可知，those代替前面提到的可数名词复数，表示特指；空处在句中特指日本学生所犯的错误，且为复数概念，应填those。故选D。
5．B
【详解】考查代词。句意：来自肯尼亚的交换生经常和我们分享他的国家以及他的邻国的新闻。A．those 替代特指的可数复数名词；B．that替代特指单数可数名词或不可数名词；C. it用作代词，代替单数可数名词；D. the one替代特指的可数单数名词。句中news是不可数名词，所以填空的内容是指前面的the news。故选B。
6．D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：大多数最高领导人在联合国会议上表达了一个共同愿望，即不同的文化应相容并存。A. the one用于指代一个确定的名词，相当于 the+单数名词；B. the ones用于指代特定的一些，相当于 those；C. ones代替一些不特别指定的名词，相当于一个不带冠词的复数名词；D. one所代替的名词，是一个不特指的名词，相当于a\an+名词。句中代指a desire，是同位语，所以用不定代词one代指。故选D。
7．C
【详解】考查代词。句意：——先生，我能帮你吗？——嗯，我打算为我朋友的结婚纪念日买一份礼物，一份价格合适，但价值很高的）礼物。空后不是句子，不能用连词引导，排除A；结合句意可知，空后意为“一份（价格合适，但价值很高的）礼物”，泛指一份礼物，用代词one作名词a gift的同位语，BD表特指。故选C项。
8．C
【详解】考查形式宾语和介词。句意：双陵中学的学生认为学好英语至关重要，所以他们充分利用业余时间努力学习英语。第一空用形式宾语it指代真正的宾语to learn English well；第二空为固定短语make good use of (好好利用)。故选C项。
9．B
【详解】考查it用法。句意：没有游客会对该岛被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产感到惊讶。此处为动词+ it +adj.+ that-从句，该句式中，it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。故选B。
10．D
【详解】考查代词。句意：——我认为小茱莉亚在没有任何帮助的情况下不可能四处走动。——但是她做到了。分析句子结构可知，think后缺少宾语，真正的宾语为to walk around without any assistance，此处用it作形式宾语。故选D项。
11．C
【详解】考查代词。句意：青少年需要成年人的引导；否则，他们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少句子的主语，真正的主语为不定式to get into trouble，空处用it作形式主语。故选C项。
12．D
【详解】考查形式宾语。句意：——你是否明确了会议举行的时间和地点？——还没有。用it充当形式宾语，when and where the meeting is to be held是真正宾语。故选D项。
13．B
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：——我可以今天来还是明天来?——都不行。我今天和明天都很忙。A. Either两者中任一个；B. Neither两者都不；C. Each每一个；D. None没有一个（三者及以上）。根据“I’m busy today and tomorrow.”可知，今天和明天哪一天都不行。故选B。
14．B
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：要了解一个国家的文化习惯，尤其是像美国这样一个集成了多种文化国家的文化，是很困难的。A. which指代物；B. one一个；C. that指代人或物；D. it它。通过句子结构判断，整句话中只有一个谓语动词is，所以不能使用从句的引导词，排除A和C，同时it指代的是同类同物，表示特指，不符合题意。整个句子的主语是Understanding the cultural habits of another nation，one作为同位语，泛指前文提到的一个国家的文化习惯。后面的containing as many different cultures as the United States是对one进行修饰，使用的是现在分词作后置定语。故选B。
15．D
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：要了解更多关于颐和园的信息，你可以上网或去图书馆，或者两者兼而有之。A. neither两者都不；B. some一些；C. all（三者及以上）全部；D. both两者都。根据句意可知，句中指可以上网或去图书馆查找资料，或者既上网，又去图书馆，两者兼而有之，“both”意为“两者都”，符合语境。故选D项。
16．D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：——女士，您预订桌子了吗？——是的，我们订了两人一桌。名字叫莫里森。A. it特指上文提到的特定事物；B. that特指上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；C. this指代下文所提到的；D. one泛指，指代前面提到的同类人或物（可数名词）中的一个。根据句意，此处指代上文提到的“table”，但说话人只知道自己订了一张桌子，并不知道具体是哪一张，是泛指，应用代词one指代。故选D项。
17．C
【详解】考查it的用法和虚拟语气。句意：他被要求决不背叛自己的祖国，即使他缺乏金钱和权利。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型It is required that sb/sth (should) do...，此处It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，是真正的主语，且从句用虚拟语气，从句中by no means “决不”置于句首，从句需用部分倒装，将情态动词should提至主语前，故选C项。
18．B
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗。根据句意，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗是一个事实，that引导的从句为句子的真正主语，为主语从句，空处用it作形式主语，放在句首，首字母应大写。故选B项。
19．D
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：昨天你不应该不穿外套就出去。你感冒了，这并不奇怪。此处为it be adj. that...，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。故选D。
20．A
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：有些婴儿早在六个月大的时候就开始说话了；还有一些孩子直到两岁多才会说话。A. others其他人；B. the other两个人或物中的另一个；C. the others剩余的全部；D. another另一。此处与上文some构成some…others…结构，表示“一些……另一些……”。故选A。
21．C
【详解】考查it作形式宾语。句意：为了提高我的英语口语，我每天背诵一段英语作为常规。分析句子可知，此处考查it作形式宾语，不定式to recite a passage of English是真正的宾语。故选C。
22．B
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的任何东西对你的影响都比不上你自己学到的东西。A. one一个人，表示泛指；B. that那个，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的单数名词或者不可数名词以及代词；C. those那些，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的复数名词；D. this这个。此处指代nothing，上文nothing的修饰词是“taught by others ”，此处nothing的修饰词是“learned by yourself”，同类不同物。故选B。
23．A
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：张先生给了我许多贵重的礼物，这些礼物都是我从未见过的。作前面复数名 presents的同位语，所以用复数代词。ones泛指，替代前面出现的复数名词。those特指，替代前面出现的同类名词，但不是同一个物体。the ones特指前面出现的复数名词，相当于the +复数可数名词，相当于those。根据句意可知，此处泛指张先生送的一类礼物，所以用代词ones。故选A。
24．B
【详解】考查代词。句意：官方媒体播放的视频画面显示，坠机现场冒出灰色烟雾，那似乎是一块机翼碎片，它躺在一条山道的一侧，部分可见“东方航空”字样。A.which哪一个；B.that那；C.what什么；D.as作为。分析句子的结构可知，and连接并列句子，空格处是后一分句的主语，特指指代上句的“gray smoke ”，不可数，应用that。故选B。
25．C
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：这两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时，竟假装不认识，这真叫人伤心。A. neither两者都不；B. the other两者之间另外一个；C. each other互相，彼此；D. another三者以上另外一个。根据“It seemed so sad”可知，此处表示两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时假装彼此不认识。故选C。
26．D
【详解】考查it用法。句意：事实上，在一场重要的足球比赛中维持秩序对警察来说是一项艰难的工作。此处为it be...for sb. to do sth.句型，it作形式主语。故选D。
27．D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：办公室里有人犯了错误，公司后悔给顾客造成了不便。A. None没有人；B. Anyone任何人；C. One一个人；D. Someone某人。此处表示“不确定的某个人”，应用someone。故选D。
28．A
【详解】考查代词。句意：——鲍勃今天感觉不太舒服。他感冒了。——由于天气的突然变化，每个人似乎都感冒了。根据句意分析，此处表示泛指a cold，表示“Everybody seems to have a cold”意义为：每个人都感冒了。需用代词one。故选A项。
29．B
【详解】考查代词。句意：十分之九的父母表示，他们与父母在教育孩子的方法上存在显著差异。A. those那些；B. that那个；C. the ones那个；D. these这些。特指上文中提到过的their approach to educating their children应用that。故选B。
30．B
【详解】考查代词。句意：我不介意它是什么样的车。我只想要一辆能把我带到那里的。结合句意，泛指同类中的一个或一些用one或ones；that引导的定语从句对空处代词进行修饰限定，根据谓语动词gets判断先行词是单数。故选B。






【真题实战】
单句改错
1．(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)“Not that way，” my mom tried to stop us but failed.
__________________________________________________________________
2．(2022·全国卷Ⅱ)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.
__________________________________________________________________
3．(2021·全国卷Ⅲ)But he insists on us eating healthy food. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
__________________________________________________________________
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
__________________________________________________________________
5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework but I was shy.
__________________________________________________________________
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school.
__________________________________________________________________

【答案】：
1.us→me 2.yours→your/you 3.he→she 4.yourselves→themselves 5.myself→my
6.all→both或去掉all