2021-2022学年江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2021-2022学年江苏省南京市第一中学高三上学期期中英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2021-2022学年一中高三第一学期期中检测
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分)
A
With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous $92 billion by 2024, there is big money to be made from scents. As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders. The smells we’re drawn to are inherently universal, across all genders and including all noses. With this in mind, we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality.
Eccentric Molecules
The unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that it's designed to smell completely different on every wearer, reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blend. With potential for sharing with a loved one, their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic, simple bottle.
Still, upon opening their best seller "Molecule 01", the journey begins. Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.
Top Scent: Molecule 01, ￡72 for 100ml
Clean Reserve
Clean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell. It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself.
Packaging feels weighty and luxurious — without compromising sustainability — the bottle is made from sustainability -managed fores: wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn.
Top Scent: Rain, £82 for100ml
Laboratory Perfumes
Packaged in chemistry-class bottles, this brand's latest collection is strongly inspired by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers. What results are grown-up, powerful scents.
Our clear favourites from the collection couldn't be more different —“Samphire” is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose, while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.
Top Scent: Atlas, £65 for 100ml

1. The purpose of paragraph 1 is ______.
A. to analyze how smells influence us
B. to sell the idea of non-gendered fragrance
C. to inform the readers of a latest fashion trend
D. to justify the development of fragrance industry
2. The common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is ______.
A. practical and simple packaging
B. sustainable packaging made from wood
C. a soft and light scent
D. smelling totally different on every user
3. For a customer who prefer strong mature smells that lasts a whole day, which product should he choose?
A. Molecule 01. B. Rain. C. Samphire. D. Atlas.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同香水的特点。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders.(随着时尚和营销行业从瞄准男性和女性转向一种更具包容性、非性别化的方式，香水公司正在做完全相同的创造性产品，所有性别都可以快乐地使用)”可知，本段的主要目的就是推销非性别化香水理念。故选择B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。第一个方框内“Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.(第一次喷洒时，压倒性的气味是酒精，但它很快就变成了一种几乎没有的气味，让人想起柔软的皮革，皮肤感觉异常光滑)”及第二个方框内“Clean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell.(Clean Reserve闻起来像明亮，新鲜的气味，会吸引那些喜欢淡气味的人)”可知，两种香水的共同点是，柔软和味道淡。故选择C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个方框内“while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.(而“Atlas”是一种强烈的混合了酒和烟草的特色鲜明的气味能持续一整天，很少需要再次使用)”可知，“Atlas”适合喜欢气味强烈且持久香水的人士。故选择D项。
B
In 2013 Mr. Baugher planted 7,000 Fuji apple trees in the orchard (果园).Three years later,just when the trees should have been bearing fruit, he noticed that a few of them had yellow leaves. Within weeks they were dead. The next year，the problem spread to more than a few trees. By last year,2,000 of Mr Baugher’s 7,000 new trees were dead.
Mr. Baugher has the worst case of"rapid apple decline" (RAD)in the county, but he is not alone. The mysterious disease has been troubling growers across America's northeast for at least six years. Kari Peter, a fruit-tree specialist first observed massive die-offs in her research orchard in 2013. She came up with the term"RAD". But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit. The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation, a known virus, disease, an early frost-didn't fit symptoms. Her investigation only ruled things out.
The dead trees tend to be younger: two to eight-years-old. They are nearing he prime of production. Dwarf trees, which are commonly used by commercial growers, seem to be the most subject. Historically, orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre, but most are now high producing dwarf trees, which are more compact. Growers plant 1, 200-1, 500 trees per acre. Working with the Department of Agriculture Kan found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees. But they cannot be sure if this new virus has any connection with the decline.
Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought (旱灾)could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses.Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame. Dan Donahue, a fruit-tree specialist says it could be any or all of those theories. In a recent sampling, he found that 64% of young trees had hidden viruses. These do not show symptoms, but they could affect vitality. Older, larger apple trees were better at shrugging off the viruses.
RAD is a big worry for the apple growers. Customer taste is changing. Traditional varieties like Red Delicious are no longer a customer favourite, so growers are having to invest in new varieties. Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.
Mr. Baugher found some relief in the Tree Assistance Programme, through which the federal government provides financial assistance to orchard-owners whose trees are damaged by natural disasters. The sudden death of apple trees may not seem as dramatic as a hurricane, but it is perhaps even more dangerous. Americans have given considerably more before in the defense of apple pie.
4. The underlined word"compact"is closest in meaning to .
A. complex B. dense C. remote D. regular
5. What can be learned about Kari Peter?
A. It took her six years to come up with the term RAD.
B. Her research led to a breakthrough in apple cultivation.
C. She failed to find out the definite cause of RAD.
D. She was the first scientist to research apple trees.
6. Based on the various researches, RAD may be caused by the following EXCEPT .
A. extreme weather B. a new virus C. way of tree cultivation D. location of the orchard
7. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. RAD adds to the pressure on the already struggling apple growers.
B. RAD doesn't qualify orchard growers for financial assistance.
C. The government needs to fund more research into RAD.
D. Apple growers should have stuck to traditional varieties.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。本文分析讨论了美国东北部的小苹果树为什么会死去的原因。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句上文“Historically, orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre, but most are now high producing dwarf trees, which are more compact. Growers plant 1, 200-1, 500 trees per acre.( 历史上，果园每英亩拥有600-700棵苹果树，但现在大多数都是高产矮树，它们更compact。种植者每英亩种植1200-1500棵树)”可知，which引导定语从句，which指代dwarf trees，种植者每英亩种植1200到1500棵树，说明这些树更紧凑，划线词与B项“dense稠密的”意思相近。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“She came up with the term"RAD". But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit. The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation. a known virus, disease, an early frost-didn't fit symptoms. Her investigation only ruled things out.(她想出了“苹果快速衰落”（RAD）这个词。但她试图解释这一现象的努力并没有取得多少成果。导致树霉感染的常见原因、一种已知病毒、疾病、早期霜冻等，与症状不符。她的调查只是排除了一些可能性)”可知她没有找出RAD的确切原因，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Working with the Department of Agriculture Kan found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees.(与农业部合作，Kan在受感染的苹果树中发现了一种新的隐藏的苹果病毒)”和第四段的“Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought (旱灾)could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses. Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame.(Cormell大学的研究人员发现，严寒干旱紧随其后可能会削弱了树木使他们遭受病毒。其他科学家认为，除草剂可能是罪魁祸首。)”可知极端天气，新病毒以及除草剂导致了“苹果快速衰落”（RAD）。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“RAD is a big worry for the apple growers.(RAD是苹果种植者的一大担忧)”以及后文“ Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.(很少有果园种植者能够承受经济损失)”可推断，“苹果快速衰落”（RAD）增加了本已苦苦挣扎的苹果种植者的压力。故选A。
C
Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships(实习) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
8. According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A. was a classic in theoretical physics
B. turned out to be comprehensible
C. needed further improvement
D. attracted few professionals
9. What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unrealistic. B. Irrelevant.
C. Unattractive. D. Imprecise.
10. According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A. The application of research findings.
B. The principle of scientific research.
C. The selection of young talents.
D. The evaluation of laboratories.
11. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. What makes Einstein great?
B. Will science be professionalized?
C. Could Einstein get published today?
D. How will modern science make advances?
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦1915年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.（正如物理学家理查德·费曼所写：“曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有12个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候——因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过12个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解）”可知，爱因斯坦1915年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句“Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.”可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为“无关紧要的”。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops(繁文缛节), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.（它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。）”可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.（但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。）”可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是——“Could Einstein get published today?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？)”故选C。
D
There are few spectacles more unpleasant than a television presenter trying to hang on to a job. When one of the presenters of the BBC program Crimewatch resigned recently, rather than suffer the inevitable indignity of being unfinished and replaced by a younger version, he made the usual hurt noises about his masters' overemphasis on youth. People in the media listened sympathetically before he slid from view to join the ranks of television's has-beens.
The presenter's argument, that the views don't care how old you are so long as you can “do the job,” unfortunately is not backed up by the evidence. When you're on TV, viewers are always thinking about whether you're losing your hair or your figure and, lately, whether you've had cosmetic work done. This is what they're actually doing when you think they're listening to the wise things you say. Viewers actually don't understand much of what the job involves, they just see you sitting there looking the part. Like the ability to pet one's head while rubbing one's stomach, TV presenting is just one of those sills. Some of those who possess this skill can hit the big name, inevitably as they become more attached to the lifestyle this brings, however, the more likely they are to overstate the skill.
In reality, if somebody is paying you a lot of money to do a job, it's often on the tacit （心照不宣的） understanding that you may be fired suddenly-it's part of the deal. Unlike football managers, TV presenters pretend not to understand this. If they've had many years being paid silly sums to read a script from an autocue （ 自动题词机），it's difficult for them to accept that they've been the beneficiary of good fortune rather than anything else; even harder to face the fact that an editor could all too easily send them to the shopping channels.
Something similar eventually awaits all the people who are currently making fortunes that would have been unimaginable to earlier generations of presenters. One day we'll decide that their face no longer fits and they'll be dragged away complaining about the same ageist policy from which they no doubt previously profited. Show business is a brutal （残忍的） business. The one thing it reliably punishes is age, particularly among women. That's why, at the age of fifty, female TV presenters become female radio presenters and why girl bands planning to re-form need to get it done before they're forty, after which it will get too hard for everyone to suspend their collective disbelief.
12. What does the writer imply about the Crimewatch presenter he mentions in the first paragraph?
A. He was unwise to resign when he did.
B. He will soon be forgotten by the viewers.
C. He may well have had a valid point to make.
D. He was treated insensitively by his employers.
13. The underlined pronoun “this” in paragraph 2 refers to________.
A. a public image B. a level of success
C. an overstatement D. a common misunderstanding
14. Why does the writer mention football managers in paragraph 3?
A. To support his view that presenters are overpaid.
B. To stress how important luck is in certain occupations.
C. To show how relatively secure TV presents are in their jobs.
D. To illustrate a general rule that applies to certain types of job.
15. According to the writer, TV personalities who may worry about ageism ________.
A. should look for work in other forms of broadcasting
B. may have benefited from it themselves at some point
C. are less well respected than presenters of the past
D. are being unfair to up-and-coming younger colleagues
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了因年龄问题，电视主持人不断被淘汰，成为了“过气”的名人。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“People in the media listened sympathetically before he slid from view to join the ranks of television's has-beens.”（媒体中人们同情地听着他的陈述，直到他从人们的视线中消失，加入了电视界的“过气人物”行列。）由此可知，作者提到的《犯罪观察》的主持人旨在表明观众很快就会忘记他。故选B项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Some of those who possess this skill can hit the big name, inevitably as they become more attached to the lifestyle this brings”（有些拥有这种技能的人可能会名声大噪，这是不可避免的，因为他们变得更加依恋it带来这种生活方式）由此判断出，this指的是前文的“一定程度的成功”。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In reality, if somebody is paying you a lot of money to do a job, it's often on the tacit understanding that you may be fired suddenly-it's part of the deal. Unlike football managers, TV presenters pretend not to understand this.”（事实上，如果有人付给你很多钱来做一份工作，通常是在默认的情况下，你可能会突然被解雇，这是交易的一部分。与足球经理不同，电视节目主持人假装不明白这一点）由此判断出，作者在第三段提到足球经理是为了举例说明适用于某些类型工作的一般规则。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“One day we'll decide that their face no longer fits and they'll be dragged away complaining about the same ageist policy from which they no doubt previously profited.”（总有一天，我们会发现他们的脸不再合适，他们会抱怨同样的年龄歧视政策，毫无疑问，他们曾从中获利）由此可知，根据作者的说法，那些担心年龄歧视的电视名人可能在某种程度上也从中受益过，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题, 每小题2. 5分, 共12. 5分)
The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____16____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work?
The reason why any of us take any risks al all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____17____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___18___
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____19____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.
___20___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
A. It all depends on your character.
B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.
C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.
F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．
【16题详解】
根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。

第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题, 每小题1分, 共15分)
I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict. I’m left ____21____. Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other races?
I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s, ____22____ children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony. At that time my family lived a stone’s ____23____ from Ismail’s. And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu-we just ____24____ our differences. Perhaps, our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice, well ____25____ or otherwise.
We were nine when we became friends. During the school holidays, we ‘d ____26____ the countryside on our bicycles, hoping to come across the unexpected. At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town. We would be glad of his ____27____.
When I was twelve, my family moved to Johor. Ismail’s family later returned to their village, and I ____28____ touch with him.
One spring afternoon in 1983, I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur. I ____29____ my destination. The driver acknowledged my ____30____ but did not move off. Instead, he looked ____31____ at me. “Raddar?” he said, using my childhood nickname (绰号). I was astonished at being so familiarly addressed (称呼). Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! Even after two decades we still recognized each other. Grasping his shoulder, I felt a true affection, something ____32____ to describe.
If we can allow our children to be ____33____ without prejudice, they’ll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be ____34____ their side through thick and thin. On such friendships are societies built and ____35____ we can truly be, as William Shakespeare once wrote, “We happy few. We band of brothers”.
21. A. interested B. pleased C. puzzled D. excited
22. A. why B. which C. when D. how
23. A. drop B. away C. throw D. roll
24. A. refused B. made C. sought D. accepted
25. A. paid B. meant C. preserved D. treated
26. A. search B. explore C. discover D. desert
27. A. arrival B. companion C. effort D. company
28 A. lost B. gained C. developed D. missed
29. A. ordered B. decided C. stated D. chose
30. A. attempts B. instructions C. opinions D. arrangements
31. A. anxiously B. carelessly C. disappointedly D. fixedly
32. A. possible B. funny C. hard D. clear
33. A. them B. themselves C. us D. ourselves
34. A. from B. by C. with D. against
35. A. still B. otherwise C. then D. instead
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者和儿时的伙伴虽然信奉的宗教不同，但是彼此非常要好，分别多年后再次巧遇使双方激动不已。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们：不要有既定的宗教、种族等成见，要让人们自然地相处，这样就可以自然建立友谊。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很困惑。A. interested感兴趣的；B. pleased高兴的；C. puzzled困惑的，不解的；D. excited激动的。根据后文“Why do these people create mistrust and problems, especially with those from other ____2____?”可知，此处作者不理解，为什么人们会制造出不信任和问题，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：上世纪60年代初，我在吉隆坡长大，当时来自不同种族和宗教的孩子们在一起和谐地玩耍和学习。A. why为什么；B. which哪一个；C. when何时；D. how如何。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the early 1960s，从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我的家离伊斯梅尔家只有一步之遥。A. drop滴；B. away远离；C. throw扔；D. roll滚动。此处为短语a stone’s throw表示“一步之遥”。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人因为Ismail是马来穆斯林而我是印度教而感到很烦，我们接受我们之间的不同。A. refused拒绝；B. made制作；C. sought寻找；D. accepted接受。根据前文“And no one was bothered that Ismail was a Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu”可知，此处表示我们接受对方来自不同的种族，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许，我们的长辈们并没有向我们灌输不必要的忠告，不管是善意的还是恶意的。A. paid支付；B. meant意味着；C. preserved保存；D. treated对待。根据上文“our elders had not filled our heads with unnecessary advice”可知这里指善意或是恶意的忠告，well meant表示“善意的”。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在学校放假期间，我们骑自行车去乡村探险，希望能遇到意想不到的事情。A. search搜寻；B. explore探索；C. discover发现；D. desert抛弃。根据后文“hoping to come across the unexpected.”可知，此处表示骑着自行车去探索未知的事物。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们也喜欢他的陪伴。A. arrival到达；B. companion同伴；C. effort努力；D. company陪伴。根据前文“At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town.”中的accompany可知，此处表示“我”们喜欢Ismail的陪伴，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来Ismail一家搬回了他们的村庄，我就和他失去了联系。A. lost失去；B. gained获得；C. developed发展；D. missed错过。根据下文“Unexpectedly! It was Ismail! ”可推知，自从各自搬家后，作者和Ismail失去了联系，短语lose touch with sb.意为“与某人失去联系”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我说了我的目的地。A. ordered点（菜），命令；B. decided决定；C. stated 陈诉，说明；D. chose选择。根据空前“I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.”可知，此处表示上车后，作者说明了自己的目的地，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：司机知道了我的指示，但没有离开。A. attempts尝试；B. instructions指示，说明；C. opinions观点；D. arrangements安排。根据空前“The driver acknowledged my”可知，此处表示作者上车后，说明了自己的目的地，司机知道了作者的指示，故选B。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：反而，他目不转睛的看着我。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. carelessly粗心地；C. disappointedly失望地；D. fixedly固定地，目不转睛地。由于是多年之后好朋友见面，Ismail应该是目不转睛地盯着作者。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：抓着他的肩膀，我感觉到了一种真正的感情，一种很难描述的感情。A. possible可能的；B. funny有趣的；C. hard困难的；D. clear清楚的。根据空前“I felt a true affection”可知，此处表示这种真感情是难以用语言去描述的，是一种用心体会的感情，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：如果我们允许我们孩子不带偏见地做自己，他们就会与无论种族或宗教信仰是什么的人建立友谊，那些同甘共苦都陪伴在他们身边的人。A. them他们；B. themselves他们自己；C. us我们；D. ourselves我们自己。此处指孩子成为他们自己，短语be oneself意为“真实的自我”，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果我们允许我们的孩子不带偏见地做自己，他们就会与无论种族或宗教信仰的人建立友谊，那些同甘共苦都陪伴在他们身边的人。A. from来自；B. by借助；C. with和；D. against反对。根据后文“their side through thick and thin”可知为短语by one’s side through thick and thin，意为“和某人同甘共苦，共同支持”。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：友谊是建立在这样的社会，那么我们真的可以像威廉·莎士比亚曾经写道的“即使敌众我寡，我们亲如兄弟”。A. still仍然；B. otherwise否则；C. then那么；D. instead反而。社会被建立在这样的友谊之上，那么（then）我们如莎士比亚所写的亚那样真正能为“一支兄弟的队伍”。故选C。
第二节(共10小题, 每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s a wildlife expedition (远征) that has captivated (使着迷) the globe: a herd of 16 elephants trekking (跋涉) more than 300 miles from their home in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. The herd’s trek began in March last year when 16 elephants _____36_____ (see) moving from the reserve. Nobody is clear why the herd set out on this unprecedented (前所未有的) trek. Some suggest environmental degradation may have pushed them;_____37_____ believe they are simply lost. An expert in elephant psychology believes that they likely left because of habitat loss and increasing human disturbance,_____38_____ may have led to decreasing availability of food and water.
“We can’t ignore the effect of rapid development of the local economy on the loss of wildlife habitat,”_____39_____ well-known expert on Asian elephant migration wrote on his Weibo page. “Clear waters and green mountains are as _____40_____ (value) as mountains of gold and silver. A healthy and complete ecosystem is the cornerstone of sustainable economic development.
China’s wild elephants _____41_____ (double) in number to more than 300 since the 1990s, but their habitat has shrunk _____42_____ nearly two-thirds over the same period. Though China has extremely harsh penalties for those _____43_____ (catch) killing elephants, the combination of these factors _____44_____ (mean) that the potential for human-elephant conflict will only rise. It’s ______45______ (extreme) challenging for them to coexist.
The big fear is that the intensity of conflict between humans and elephants can start as just a nuisance and quickly grow to the point where people or elephants get killed.
【答案】36. were seen
37. Others 38. which
39. a 40. valuable
41. have doubled
42. by 43. caught
44. means 45. extremely
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了16头大象从西双版纳国家自然保护区的家出发，徒步300多英里。大象群的长途跋涉始于去年3月，当时有人看到16头大象离开了保护区。文章讨论了这一现象背后存在的问题。
【36题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：大象群长途跋涉始于去年3月，当时有人看到16头大象离开了保护区。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文last year可知，为一般过去时，主语为16 elephants，谓语用复数。故填were seen。
【37题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些人认为环境恶化可能是原因之一；其他人则认为它们只是丢失了。此处为some…others…表示“一些……另一些……”，单词首字母要大写。故填Others。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：一位大象心理学专家认为，它们离开的原因可能是栖息地的丧失和人类干扰的增加，这可能导致食物和水的可用性减少。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词habitat loss and increasing human disturbance，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：“我们不能忽视当地经济的快速发展对野生动物栖息地丧失的影响，”一位著名的亚洲象迁徙专家在他的微博页面上写道。expert为可数名词，此处为泛指且well-known是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：碧水青山如金山银山一样宝贵。作表语，应用形容词valuable。故填valuable。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国野生大象的数量翻了一番，达到300多头，但同期它们的栖息地却减少了近三分之二。根据后文since the 1990s可知，应用现在完成时，主语为China’s wild elephants，助动词用have。故填have doubled。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国野生大象的数量翻了一番，达到300多头，但同期它们的栖息地却减少了近三分之二。固定短语shrink by表示“减少”。故填by。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管中国对那些被抓住的捕杀大象的人处以极其严厉的惩罚，但这些因素加在一起意味着人象冲突的可能性只会上升。分析句子结构可知，catch与逻辑主语those构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故填caught。
【44题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：尽管中国对那些被抓住的捕杀大象的人处以极其严厉的惩罚，但这些因素加在一起意味着人象冲突的可能性只会上升。陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为the combination of these factors，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：两者共存是极具挑战性的。修饰后文形容词challenging，应用副词extremely，作状语。故填extremely。
第四部分写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华。你的英国网友Tony听说中国的很多高中生都在上晚自习（evening classes），他想知道具体的情况，请你写一封邮件告诉他。内容包括：
1. 上晚自习的原因；
2. 上晚自习的内容；
3. 学生的看法。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
【答案】Dear Tony,
I am glad to receive your letter asking for information about the evening classes.Following are the details that may help you better understand them.
The reason why we have evening classes is that we have to face the pressure of Gaokao.Everyone has to make full use of every minute to study well.Besides,we can finish our homework more effectively while staying at school.When we have evening classes,we can either go over what we have learned in the daytime or take some tests.
Though some students possess opposite opinions, most of us are in favor of the evening classes.After all,time and tide wait for no man.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一封邮件告诉英国网友Tony自己学校晚自习的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心的：glad → delighted
充分利用：make full use of →make the best of
完成：finish → complete
复习：go over → review
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am glad to receive your letter asking for information about the evening classes．
拓展句：I am glad to receive your letter, in which you ask for information about the evening classes．
【点睛】【高分句型1】Following are the details that may help you better understand them．（形容词作表语位于句首用完全倒装；that引起的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Besides,we can finish our homework more effectively while staying at school.（while引起时间状语从句的省略）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I occasionally would think of my dad. I flashed to Dad holding the handlebar and jogging alongside my bike until I felt ready to ride on my own. I saw him pulling up to my broken-down car at night and doing a quick fix. I thought of the hug we shared at my wedding. But what impressed me most was the grass cutting days. Dad was always full of advice，and he taught me one of the big lessons one summer was about having a strong work ethic.
Memories came flooding back. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during the summer to earn pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got﹩10 per yard. However, I later found out that our friends were charging $20 or more for the same amount of work.
Every time we headed out to mow lawns, Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder why he came with us. He stood supervising our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drinking. My dad always watched over us and instructed strictly, until we finished our job as he satisfied. Sometimes his tough and cruel attitude really made my brother and me annoyed.
One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor’s yard. She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make maters worse, we had an old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty.
I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me again and yelled, “Hey, son. You missed a piece.” I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. But he kept pointing and shouting.
Paragraph 1：
Tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me:
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Tired and disappointed, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, “That one piece isn’t hurting anyone. Why won’t he just let it go?” Although I was unwilling to cut the grass, I still cut it carefully. My father looked at my work, nodding his head with approval. Other neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five.
Paragraph 2:
The lesson my dad taught me has stayed with me. When I reached my adulthood, I understood it better. When you’re running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done. Only if we treat our work carefully can we achieve success.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者回忆自己小时候和哥哥在夏天给院子里割草，赚点零花钱。每次他们出去修剪草坪，爸爸都在旁边看着。这天，父亲指出他们割草漏掉了一块，作者无奈只好返回重新割草，结果却因为工作完成得好，赢得了更多的客户。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我又累又失望，回去割那片草。”可知，第一段可描写作者回去割草以及邻居看到割草作者他们割草认真，都开始找他们割草。
②由第二段首句内容“我父亲教给我的教训一直伴随着我。”可知，第二段可描写父亲对作者的影响。
2.续写线索：割草——小心翼翼完成——生意好起来——感悟
3词汇激活
行为类
实现：achieve /accomplish
注意到：take notice of/ observe
被看做：be seen as /be regarded as
情绪类
不情愿：unwilling /reluctant
认可：approval / recognization
【点睛】[高分句型1] Although I was unwilling to cut the grass, I still cut it carefully. (运用了although引导让步状语从句)
[高分句型2] If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur with honesty, you must deliver a quality product. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)