2022-2023学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年福建省福建师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

福建师大附中2022-2023学年景行级第一次月考
英语试卷
时间: 120分钟 满分: 150分
第I卷(共69分)
第一部分: 听力(共20小题; 每小题1分, 共20分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1分, 满分5分)
1. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In an elevator. B. On a bus. C. In a taxi.
2. What will the man do in Edinburgh?
A. Do business with Justin.
B. Tell Justin his new address.
C. Give Justin some medicines.
3 Why does the man ask the woman to turn down the music?
A. Because it affects his work efficiency.
B. Because he wants to listen to jazz.
C. Because he doesn’t like the music.
4. What month is it now?
A. February. B. April. C. September.
5. Whose advice did the woman follow?
A. The shop assistant’s. B. Her mother’s. C. Her sister’s.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
5. How long did the boy spend on his English homework?
A. 35 minutes. B. 40 minutes. C. 45 minutes.
7. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Mother and son.
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
8. What information did the man get from the Internet?
A It’s good for babies to drink soy milk.
B. Soy milk helps kids grow strong.
C. Milk has some side effects.
9. What do we know about the woman?
A. She makes a change in drinking milk.
B. She will limit her kids to milk.
C. She is doubtful about experts’ opinions.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. What can we learn about the restaurant?
A. It was newly opened.
B. It had a pleasant smell.
C. It offered a reasonable price.
11. How did the woman find the service?
A. Perfect. B. Just so-so. C. Disappointing.
12. What do the speakers decide to do at last?
A. Never come to the restaurant.
B. Come to the restaurant in a few months.
C. Order some meat when they settle down.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。
13. Where did the girl see the job ad?
A. On the Internet. B On the window. C. In the newspaper.
14. What’s the main duty of the job?
A. To help people buy clothes.
B. To find shoppers online.
C. To teach busy people to relax.
15. What does the man say about his customers?
A. They have high expectations.
B. They are easy to be satisfied.
C. They have big families.
16. When will the man begin the interviews?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. In a few days.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. Which subject is proper this year?
A. My bedroom. B. My favorite animal. C. My hometown.
18. What is the maximum age limit to enter?
A. 8 years old. B. 12 years old. C. 15 years old.
19. What can the winners get this year?
A. Membership in the club.
B. A family trip to London Zoo.
C. Free Countryside magazines.
20. What’s the purpose of the talk?
A. To encourage children to join the club.
B. To inform children of the competition.
C. To apologize for the changes this year.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 共34分)
第一节(共12小题; 每小题2分, 共24分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
A man called Jamaal Allan has revealed how his name has led to him being racially stereotyped (归类)throughout his life.
Jamaal, a high school teacher who grew up in southern Oregon of the USA, revealed that most people he meets are always surprised when they discover he's white. He said that one of the most common responses to his name is “I never would've guessed your name was Jamaal”. In a blog post he aired his thoughts on this, writing: "Really, are you frequently good at guessing people's names?” Another reaction to his name, he said, is '"you don't look like a Jamaal", to which he asked in response, "And how exactly does one look like a name?”
He wrote in the blog that some people, after meeting him, say “I thought you'd be…"and then pause with “a sudden realization they are on the verge of sounding racist", before finding a word such as “tailed or "older” to end the sentence with.
And his name once appeared to get him selected for a random security check on a trip to London in 2002, as the others picked out by officials were called Muhammad, Abdul and Tariq. He also explained that waitresses and waiters usually hand his credit card back to a black person at his table when he's dining out.
His name, which means “beauty" in Arabic, landed him his teaching job in Iowa, though. Jamaal said, “The principal who had hired me admitted that I was lucky to have gotten the job. They had not been planning to take another student-teacher when my application showed up. But, as they scanned through it and saw a Jamaal who plays basketball and counts Muhammad Ali among his heroes, they thought they 'could use a little diversity,'" said Jamaal.
Jamaal's dad was a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team and he was just named after one of their players, Jamaal Wilkes.
1. What do most people think of Jamaal's name?
A. It sounds unattractive. B. It is difficult to pronounce.
C. It is an untypical boy name. D. It is unusual for a white man.
2. Why were "Abdul" and "Tariq" selected for a random security check?
A. They were black people. B. They used fake names.
C. They took others9 credit cards. D. They were racially stereotyped.
3. What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about?
A. The meaning of Jamaal's name. B. The start of Jamaal's career in Iowa.
C. The positive effect of Jamaal's name. D. The happy ending of Jamaal's story.
4. Why did the principal decide to hire Jamaal?
A. He liked Jamaal's special experiences. B. He mistook Jamaal as a colored person.
C. He considered Jamaal a good sportsman. D. He appreciated Jamaal's basketball heroes.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是一名名叫贾马尔·艾伦的男子透露，他的名字是如何让他在一生中受到种族歧视的。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Jamaal, a high school teacher who grew up in southern Oregon of the USA, revealed that most people he meets are always surprised when they discover he's white. He said that one of the most common responses to his name is “I never would've guessed your name was Jamaal”.（贾马尔是一名在美国俄勒冈州南部长大的高中教师，他透露，当他遇到的大多数人发现他是白人时，他们总是很惊讶。他说，人们听到他的名字时，最常见的反应之一是“我永远不会猜到你的名字是贾马尔”。）”可推断出，Jamaal这个名字对一个白人来说是不寻常的。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“And his name once appeared to get him selected for a random security check on a trip to London in 2002, as the others picked out by officials were called Muhammad, Abdul and Tariq.（他的名字曾让他在2002年去伦敦的旅行中被随机选中接受安全检查，因为官员们选中的其他人分别是穆罕默德、阿卜杜勒和塔里克 。）”可知，“阿卜杜勒”和“塔里克”会被随机选中接受安全检查是因为这两个名字听起来像黑人的名字，所以安检人员对这两个名字有固定思维，也就是安检人员对这两个名字有种族上的成见。故选D。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段的“His name, which means “beauty" in Arabic, landed him his teaching job in Iowa, though.（他的名字在阿拉伯语中意为“美丽”，这让他在爱荷华州得到了一份教师工作。）”和“The principal who had hired me admitted that I was lucky to have gotten the job.（聘用我的校长承认，我很幸运得到这份工作。）”可知，第五段主要讲的是贾马尔的名字带来的积极影响。故选C。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But, as they scanned through it and saw a Jamaal who plays basketball and counts Muhammad Ali among his heroes, they thought they could use a little diversity（但是，当他们浏览它的时候，看到一个打篮球的贾马尔，并把穆罕默德·阿里视为他的英雄之一，他们认为他们可以利用一点多样性。 ）”可知，校长以为Jamaal是个黑人，他想给学校增加一点多样性，所以聘请了他，因此校长决定雇佣贾马尔的原因是他误以为贾马尔是有色人种。故选B。
B
If you visit Uluwatu Temple in Bali, take care. The long-tailed macaques(猕猴) there are well-known thieves. Since time out of mind(自古以来) they have made a living by taking away visitors’ belongings and refusing to return them until some food is provided. That is quite clever. But Jean-Baptiste Leca of the University of Lethbridge wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first offer and hold out for more. He therefore asked himself whether they are able to assess how valuable an object is to its owner, and use that knowledge in their negotiations.
Experiments conducted in the past with monkeys and apes suggest such primates(灵长类动物) can indeed attach a value to something worthless to them like a colored plastic counter(筹码), by learning that symbols of this sort may be exchanged for food, and that different counters bring different rewards. These findings, however, were based on rules made by humans but followed by lab animals. The macaques of Uluwatu are true wild animals, though ones that are familiar with, and comfortable in the presence of, human beings.
Dr. Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the robberies. After that, they tried to establish the relative values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects to people. There are three sorts of rewards: raw eggs, biscuits and small bags of fruit. Different monkeys have different preferences, but Leca established these for individual animals by offering them choices between pairs of goodies. They then observed, from their video recordings, how many times victims bothered to bargain with a thief for the return of property, and thus classified objects into low value (including plastic bottles and key rings), medium value (such as hats and shoes) and high value (like electronics and wallets).
A close analysis showed that monkeys do, indeed, have a complicated sense of what they are doing — at least, adults and sub-adults do. For these animal thieves, high-value items are their first choice, and they will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.
5. Why should visitors be careful in Uluwatu Temple?
A. There are strict rules in the temple. B. There are many thieves and cheats.
C. Some wild animals may attack them. D. Monkeys may steal their possessions.
6. In what way were previous experiments different from Leca’s?
A. They focused on symbols and rewards.
B. They were conducted in an artificial setting.
C. They looked at how monkeys and apes learned.
D. They mainly examined how primates used counters.
7. What did Leca and his colleagues’ research prove?
A. There is a reward system among adult monkeys.
B. Young macaques are born with negotiating skills
C. Monkeys have a great ability to sense human feelings.
D. Long-tailed macaques can recognize high-value objects.
8. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Name your price B. Threats to macaques
C. Welcome to Uluwatu Temple D. Various survival skill in nature
【答案】5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家对灵长类动物（如猴子）对事物价值高低的判断与评估的研究。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The long-tailed macaques(猕猴) there are well-known thieves. Since time out of mind(自古以来) they have made a living by taking away visitors’ belongings and refusing to return them until some food is provided. ”（那里长尾猕猴是有名的小偷。因为自古以来，它们以拿走游客的物品为生，在提供食物之前拒绝归还。）可知，游客在乌鲁瓦图寺时要小心，猴子可能会偷他们的东西。故选D项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These findings, however, were based on rules made by humans but followed by lab animals.”（然而，这些发现是基于人类制定的规则，但实验室动物遵循这些规则。）可知，以前的实验与莱卡的实验不同之处在于他们是在人工环境中进行的。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“A close analysis showed that monkeys do, indeed, have a complicated sense of what they are doing — at least, adults and sub-adults do.”（一项详细的分析表明，猴子确实对自己在做什么有着复杂的感觉——至少成年猴子和亚成年猴子是这样。）可知，莱卡和他的同事的研究证明猴子有很强的感知人类情感的能力。故选C项。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“For these animal thieves, high-value items are their first choice, and they will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if they are in possession of such items.”（对于这些动物小偷来说，高价值的物品是它们的首选，如果它们拥有这些物品，它们通常会坚持要求获得更多的奖励，或者获得更好的奖励。）可知，Name your price标出你的价格，符合本文主旨，最适合作文章标题。故选A项。
C
Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in its hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.
The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth. And of course, radiation is key to cancer treatment.
The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. It might also barn workers if something accidentally goes wrong during a normal nine-to-five day. In 2017 alone, according to a report from the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, there were 171 “incidents of nuclear or other radioactive materials outside of regulatory control” based on open source reports, 104 of which happened in the U.S.
An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities. “Where is the most high-risk material located around the most people?” says Emily Adams, deputy director of a domestic program in the Office of Radiological Security. “And that’s how we got our 100.”
9. What message does the author seem to convey in paragraph 1?
A. Radioactive substances can warm our planet.
B. Food processing does harm to workers in plants.
C. The radioactive material is basically everywhere.
D. It’s hard to remove scary-sounding elements in buildings.
10. Why does the author mention “well logging” in paragraph 2?
A. To make a summary. B. To raise a question.
C. To provide a contrast. D. To support an idea.
11. What is RadSecure 100 intended for?
A. Making use of energetic substances. B. Ensuring safety of the radioactive material.
C. Warning people of the most high-risk material D. Protecting the Office of Radiological Security.
12. What is the writer’s attitude towards the radioactive material?
A. Pessimistic. B. Objective. C. Disapproval. D. Carefree.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的星球有许多放射性物质，这些物质可以发挥好的作用，但是也存在一定的隐患。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Our planet is home to many radioactive substances-not just in is geologic innards but also in is hospitals, at its industrial sites and in its food processing plants. In Colorado, for instance, 27 buildings house scary-sounding chemical elements such as cesium 137 and cobalt 60. These materials are not there for risky purposes, though. They play a part in cancer treatment, blood irradiation, medical and food sterilization, structure and equipment testing, geologic exploration, etc.(我们的星球是许多放射性物质的家园——不仅存在于地质内部，而且存在于医院、工业场所和食品加工厂。例如，在科罗拉多州，27栋建筑里存放着听起来可怕的化学元素，比如铯137和钴60。不过，这些材料并不是用于危险目的。它们在癌症治疗、血液辐照、医疗和食品灭菌、结构和设备测试、地质勘探等方面发挥作用)”可推知，作者在第一段中似乎想传达的信息是放射性物质基本上到处都是。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. The rays given off by cesium and cobalt can kill germs multiplying in your meat and make your apples last longer. Radiographic instruments can detect, say, cracks in a city’s pipes in a similar way to an x-ray picking up a hairline fracture in your knee. A practice called “well logging” uses sealed radioactive sources to map the geology of holes oil seekers drill into the earth.(放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具。铯和钴释放出的射线可以杀死肉中繁殖的细菌，让苹果的寿命更长。比如说，放射设备可以探测到城市管道的裂缝，就像X光检查出膝盖的细微骨折一样。一种被称为“测井”的方法使用密封的放射源来绘制石油勘探者在地球上钻的洞的地质图)”可推知，作者在第二段提到“well-logging”是为了支持放射性物质可以是一种有用的工具这样一个观点，故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“An initiative called RadSecure 100 was launched to remove and better secure energetic material in 100 U.S. cities.(一项名为RadSecure 100的倡议发起了，目的是在100个美国城市移除并更好地保护含能材料)”可知，RadSecure 100的用途是确保放射性物质的安全。故选B。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The radioactive material is not always bad in a black and-white way: it can be a useful tool. (放射性物质并不总是以黑白分明的方式有害：它可以是一种有用的工具)”以及倒数第二段中“The risk arises because the same radioactive material that is beneficial could also be stolen or misplaced and find its way into trafficking rings or dirty bombs. (风险之所以会增加，是因为同样有益的放射性物质也可能被偷或放错地方，进入贩运团伙或脏弹)”可知，作者说明了放射性物质的好处和坏处，即可推知，作者对放射性物质的态度是客观的。故选B。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays social media influencers have powerful influence. The concept of an influencer —a person who inspires or guides the actions of others—has been around for centuries. Before social media, influencers were famous persons or politicians far away from our lives.___13___
___14___ A study undertaken in the US, the UK and Spain found that young people spent 76% more time on social media in 2020 than in the previous year, partly due to physical isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
In an age when anyone can be an influencer, content creators use their content on social media to influence others around the world. ___15___ In China, we’re familiar with online platforms like Douyin and Bilibili, while overseas TikTok, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter are often used. They post selfies in the latest fashion, livestream video game sessions or inspire others with motivational personal development advice. With their special knowledge or authority in specific subjects, they attract others in great numbers.
Because of this, young people can see themselves represented more directly online through influencers. This can be important for the development of an adolescent’s identity.
___16___ “It can be really helpful for kids to see that they are going to be successful like their role models,” Ellen Selkie, a researcher at the University of Wisconsin Madison, told the website Mashable.
___17___ When fashion models talk about size inclusivity (包容性) on their social networking platforms, for example, it can develop a sense of community, which helps them shape their right attitude.
A. They can have role models who are like them and reachable.
B. It’s possible that young people use their social networking platforms.
C. On the contrary, that kind of work and people behind it should be celebrated.
D. Some have even become key opinion leaders, holding great cultural influence.
E. The rise of influencers comes as young people spend more time online than before.
F. However, the influence and power of today’s social media influencers is more noticeable.
G. Though some influencers’ actions affect the youth’s attitude to life, many can be positive.
【答案】13. F 14. E 15. D 16. A 17. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是网红的出现，发展和影响。
【13题详解】
空前说“Before social media, influencers were famous persons or politicians far away from our lives.(在社交媒体出现之前，有影响力的人是远离我们生活的名人或政客。)”，空格处应说明现在的情况，F选项“However, the influence and power of today’s social media influencers is more noticeable.(然而，今天的社交媒体网红的影响力和力量更值得注意。)”说明的是现在的情况，因此承接上文，并形成对比，符合语境，故选F。
【14题详解】
空后说“A study undertaken in the US, the UK and Spain found that young people spent 76% more time on social media in 2020 than in the previous year, partly due to physical isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.(在美国、英国和西班牙进行的一项研究发现，2020年年轻人在社交媒体上花费的时间比前一年增加了76%，部分原因是COVID-19大流行导致的隔离。)”，E选项“The rise of influencers comes as young people spend more time online than before.(网红的崛起是因为年轻人比以前花更多的时间在网上。)”中的“spend more time online”和后面的“spent 76% more time on social media”意义一致，解释了网红崛起的原因，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
【15题详解】
空前说“In an age when anyone can be an influencer, content creators use their content on social media to influence others around the world.(在这个任何人都可以成为影响者的时代，内容创造者利用他们在社交媒体上的内容来影响世界各地的其他人。)”，D选项“Some have even become key opinion leaders, holding great cultural influence.(一些人甚至成为关键的意见领袖，具有很大的文化影响力。)”在前文的基础上补充说明了网红的影响，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【16题详解】
空后说“It can be really helpful for kids to see that they are going to be successful like their role models(让孩子看到他们会像他们的榜样一样成功，这真的很有帮助)”，这说明网红可以成为年轻人的榜样，A选项“They can have role models who are like them and reachable.(他们可以有像他们一样的榜样，而且可以接触到。)”说明了年轻人可以将网红作为榜样，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
【17题详解】
空后“When fashion models talk about size inclusivity (包容性) on their social networking platforms, for example, it can develop a sense of community, which helps them shape their right attitude.(例如，当时装模特在社交网络平台上谈论尺寸的包容性时，可以形成一种社区意识，这有助于她们塑造正确的态度。)”说明了网红的积极作用，G选项“Though some influencers’ actions affect the youth’s attitude to life, many can be positive.(尽管一些网红的行为会影响年轻人的生活态度，但许多网红的行为是积极的。)”说明了网红的积极作用，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 完形填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 共15分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
British Cycling had recently hired Dave Brailsford as its new director. At the time, professional cyclists in Great Britain had____18____ nearly one hundred years of mediocrity (平庸). In fact, their performance had been so poor that one of the top bike companies in Europe ____19____ to sell bikes to the team because they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes.
What made Brailsford different from previous coaches was his philosophy of searching for a tiny improvement in everything they do. The whole principle came from the idea that if you ____20____ everything you could think of that goes into riding a bike, improve it by 1 percent and you will get a ____21____ increase when you put them all together.
Brailsford and his coaches began by making small ____22____. They redesigned the bike seats to make them more comfortable. They asked riders to wear electrically heated overshorts to ____23____ ideal muscle temperature while riding and used biofeedback sensors to ____24____ how each athlete responded to a particular workout.
But they didn’t stop there. They ____25____ to find 1 percent improvements in overlooked areas. They hired a(n) _____26_____ to teach each rider the best way to wash their hands to reduce the _____27_____ of catching a cold. They even painted the inside of the team truck white, which helped them ____28____ little bits of dust that would normally slip by ____29____ but could affect the performance of the ____30____ tuned bikes.
As these and hundreds of other small improvement _____31_____, the results came faster than anyone could have ____32____. Just five years after Brailford took over, they dominate the road and truck cycling events in all the important events.
18. A. lost B. enjoyed C. showed D. suffered
19. A. failed B. refused C. expected D. pretended
20. A. broke down B. took down C. put up D. add up
21. A. flexible B. temporary C. significant D. random
22. A. differences B. adjustments C. programs D. efforts
23. A. maintain B. raise C. reduce D. discover
24. A. change B. monitor C. manage D. produce
25. A. continued B. happened C. learned D. bothered
26. A. coach B. secretary C. assistant D. surgeon
27. A. sessions B. chances C. records D. reactions
28. A. gather B. recognize C. spot D. send
29. A. surrounded B. unnoticed C. removed D. discovered
30. A. finely B. initially C. slightly D. positively
31. A. took off B. picked up C. built up D. got off
32. A. achieved B. remembered C. mentioned D. imagined
【答案】18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。英国自行车协会最近聘请了戴夫·布雷斯福德（Dave Brailsford）担任新总监。Brailsford与以前的教练不同的是他的哲学，他在和自行车相关的所有事情上面都寻求微小的改进。在他细致的方方面面的工作以后，带领协会从低谷走向了辉煌。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时，英国的职业自行车手经历了近百年的平庸. A. lost 失去；B. enjoyed享受； C. showed显示；D.suffered遭受。根据下文的“In fact, their performance had been so poor”可知，他们一直表现很差，因此遭受了很久的平庸时期。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他们的表现一直很差，以至于欧洲顶级自行车公司之一拒绝向车队出售自行车，因为他们担心如果其他专业人士看到英国人使用他们的自行车会影响销售。A. failed失败；B. refused 拒绝；C. expected盼望； D. pretended假装。根据后面“because they were afraid that it would hurt sales if other professionals saw the Brits using their bikes.”可知，欧洲顶级自行车公司之一他们担心如果其他专业人士看到英国人使用他们的自行车会影响销售，所以，这个公司拒绝出售他们的自行车给车队。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：整个原则来自这样一个想法：在骑自行车方面，如果你把一切你能想到的事进行分解，（每件事）提高1%，当你把它们放在一起的时候你就会得到显著的提高。A. broke down 出故障；分解；B. took down取下； C. put up张贴； D. add up加起来。根据文中最后一段“As these and hundreds of other small improvement __________ , the results came faster than anyone could have ________”可以看出，他把每件事都分解，提高一点点，然后加起来效果显著。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意同上。A. flexible灵活的； B. temporary 临时的；C. significant 显著的；D. random随机的。根据文中最后一段“As these and hundreds of other small improvement __________ , the results came faster than anyone could have ________”可以看出，他把每件事都分解，提高一点点，然后加起来效果显著。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brailsford和他的教练们一开始做了一些小的调整。A. differences 差异；B. adjustments调整； C. programs节目； D. efforts努力。下一句“They redesigned the bike seats to make them more comfortable.” 他们重新设计了自行车座椅，使其更加舒适。可看出，他只是做出一些小的调整。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们要求骑手们穿上电热骑行短裤，以在骑行时保持理想的肌肉温度，并使用生物反馈传感器监测每个运动员对某一特定训练的反应。A. maintain保持；B. raise 提高；C. reduce降低；D. discover发现。根据常识可知，穿上电热骑行短裤就是为了骑行时保持理想的肌肉温度。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. change改变；B. monitor监控；C. manage管理；D. produce生产。结合常识，生物反馈传感器就是用来监测运动员的反应的。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们继续在被忽视的领域找到了1%的改进。A. continued继续；B. happened 发生；C. learned 了解；D. bothered烦恼。根据前一句“But they didn’t stop there”说明他们没停止于此，继续寻找可以改进的地方。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们雇佣了一名外科医生教每位车手洗手的最佳方法，以减少感冒的机会。A. coach 教练；B. secretary秘书；C. assistant助手；D. surgeon外科医生。根据“teach”推知，聘请了一位外科医生教车手洗手的方法。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sessions课程；B. chances 机会；C. records记录； D. reactions反应。根据常识，洗手就是为了减少感冒的机会。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们甚至将车队卡车内部漆成白色，这有助于他们发现通常会在不被注意的情况下滑过，但可能会影响精细调谐的自行车性能的一点点灰尘。A. gather收集；B. recognize识别；C. spot 发现；D. send发送。前半句漆成白色，根据常识我们就知道是为了能发现灰尘。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. surrounded 被包围的；B. unnoticed未被注意的；C. removed 被移除的；D. discovered被发现的。此句中的“little bits of dust that would normally slip by”，一点点灰尘很可能不被注意到。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. finely 精细地；B. initially 最初地；C. slightly 轻微地；D. positively积极地。根据前面提到的“redesigned the bike seats”和“ painted the inside of the team truck white”，我们可以看出自行车是精细调谐的自行车。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于这些以及其他数百项微小的改进，结果比任何人想象的都要快。A. took off起飞；B. picked up捡起；C. built up建立；增强； D. got off 下车。从前面车座，颜色，鞋套等等可看出，他增强了在小的方面的改进。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. achieved实现；B. remembered记住；C. mentioned提到； D. imagined想象。根据后面的“Just five years after Brailford took over, they dominate the road and truck cycling events in all the important events.” 在布拉尔福德接手后仅仅五年，他们就主宰了所有重要赛事中的公路和卡车自行车赛事，这提高的速度超过任何人的想象。故选D。
第II卷(共81分)
I. 根据所给首字母写出正确的单词来完成句子或单句语法填空。(共16小题: 每小题1分, 共16分)注意: 将首字母一起填写到答题卷上, 即答案卷上要写出完整的单词。
33. In making scientific experiments, most difficulties are t ______not everlasting. We will overcome them one day.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】temporary##emporary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在科学实验中，大多数困难都是暂时的，而不是永久的。总有一天我们会克服它们。句中用形容词作表语。根据首字母提示及句意“暂时的”可知，故填temporary。
34. George’s good interpersonal communication skills laid a solid f______ for his success as a business man. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】foundation##oundation
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：乔治良好的人际沟通能力为他作为一名商人的成功奠定了坚实的基础。分析句子可知，“solid”为形容词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，根据单词首字母以及句意“基础”可知，空格处应用“foundation”，意为“基础”，为可数名词，不定冠词“a”后接可数名词单数。故填foundation。
35. The two big countries made a j ______statement to strengthen practical cooperation on clean energy research. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】joint##oint
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：两个大国发表联合声明，加强清洁能源研究的务实合作。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词statement，结合句意可知，此处表示“联合的”可使用“joint”。故填joint。
36. When I was about twelve years old, I was given a book e ______Phrasal Verbs in Conversation by Colin Mortimer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】entitled##ntitled
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我大约十二岁的时候，我得到了一本名为科林·莫蒂默的《对话中的短语动词》的书。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰a book，结合句意和提示的首字母可知，此处为entitle意为“给……命名”，entitle与 a book之间为被动关系，且动作已经发生，所以使用过去分词。故填entitled。
37. They set up a bronze m____ in memory of those sacrificing their lives for independence. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】monument
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们建立了一座青铜纪念碑，以纪念那些为独立而献身的人。根据单词首字母以及句意“纪念碑”，且前有不定冠词a，可知此处用单数名词monument，故填monument。
38. Although the hot climate brings physical discomfort to tourists, summer is still the p ______season for tourism. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】peak##eak
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然炎热的气候给游客带来了身体不适，但夏季仍然是旅游的旺季。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为形容词作定语修饰season，结合句意和首字母提示，此处是peak意为“高峰时期的”。故填peak。
39. The travelers decide to e ______their two-week vacation to a month so that they can behold more beautiful sights in China. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】extend##xtend
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：旅行者们决定将两周的假期延长到一个月，这样他们就可以在中国看到更多美丽的风景。结合句意和首字母提示可知，动词extend“延长”符合题意，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”是固定短语，故空处应填动词原形。故填extend。
40. Because his speech was followed by thunderous a ______, we can infer that a large portion of those present agreed with him. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】applause## pplause
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：因为他的演讲后响起了雷鸣般的掌声，我们可以推断，在场的大部分人都同意他的观点。根据横线前的形容词thunderous“雷鸣般的，声音很大的”可知，横线上填一个名词作宾语，根据句意分析以及首字母提示，applause“ 掌声，喝彩”符合题意，不可数名词。故填applause。
41. The other day I w ______$ 500 from my bank account so I do have some money in hand now. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】withdrew##ithdrew
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：前几天我从我的银行账户中提取了 500 美元，所以我现在手头有一些钱。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词形式，结合句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应该是withdraw意为“提取”，主语I与withdraw之间为主动关系，根据时间状语the other day意为“几天前”可知，该谓语动词用于一般过去时态。故填withdrew。
42. Supporters of space exploration believe it is beneficial, while o ______argue it is just a waste of time and money. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】opponents##pponents
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：太空探索的支持者认为这是有益的，而反对者则认为这只是浪费时间和金钱。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词opponent“反对者”，句子陈述客观事实，使用了一般现在时，空后动词argue是原形，主语是复数形式。故填opponents。

43. A reward has been offered for information that leads to the a ______of the cold-blooded murderer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】arrest##rrest
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：已经对导致逮捕冷血凶手的信息进行了奖励。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填名词作宾语，结合句意和提示的首字母可知，arrest意为“逮捕”符合句意，且为不可数名词。故填arrest。
44. Should blood tests be made more _______(access) to the public, such as through walk-in clinics in shopping malls?(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】accessible
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：是否应该让公众更容易获得血液检查，例如通过购物中心的步入式诊所？分析句子结构可知，此处应该为形容词作补语，access的形容词是accessible意为“可到达的，易得到的”。故填accessible。
45. Though still ______(practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】practiced
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然今天仍在实行，但茶道可能不像以前那样受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填非谓语动词形式作状语，though引导让步状语从句时，主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词含有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，所以判断practice与句子主语the tea ceremony为被动关系，应该使用过去分词。故填practiced。
46. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______(seat) on benches, chairs or boxes. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】seated
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：销售通常在屋外进行，观众们会在长凳、椅子或箱子上坐好。分析句子结构可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾语audience与提示动词seat之间为被动关系，结合句意可知，此处表示的是状态，所以使用过去分词，作宾补。故填seated。
47. With a bachelor degree from Harvard Law School, he is a lawyer ______profession and excels in the field.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】by
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：他拥有哈佛法学院的学士学位，职业是律师，在该领域表现出色。固定短语by profession意为“就职业来说，在职业上”。故填by。
48. Jiangsu, located ______the Belt meets the Road, will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：江苏位于“一带一路”交汇处，将为一带一路建设做出更大贡献。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示江苏坐落的地点。故填where。
II. 根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语, 并用其适当的形式完成句子。(共8小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共12分)
根据句意从方框中选出合适的短语, 并用其适当的形式完成句子。
major in, refer to. . . as. . . , have a good command of, mix up, get by, bond with, take possession of, license. . . for

49. Those who love to eat and are satisfied and excited when tasting delicious food ______“chihuo”.
50. According to the newly issued Civil Code, you can’t legally ______the property until the contract is signed.
51. The director of the film was required to delete certain scenes before the film ______showing.
52. Under the influence of financial crisis, Tom’s modest income was barely enough for his big family ______.
53. Separating a mother and her newborn during the 1st week of the child’s life makes it difficult for her ______the baby.
54. Apart from fluent English, applicants for the post are expected ______computer skills.
55. The event which is organized by 30 students ______art management proves to be a success.
56. The waiter was terribly sorry for getting the orders ______and serving the customers wrong dishes.
【答案】49. are referred to as
50. take possession of
51. was licensed for
52. to get by
53. to bond with
54. to have a good command of
55. majoring in
56. mixed up
【解析】
【49题详解】
考查动词时态和语态以及短语。句意：那些爱吃并且品尝美味时感到满足和兴奋的人被称为“吃货”。根据“这些人”和“吃货”可知，空出是谓语“称为”表示为短语 refer to. . . as. . . ，根据定语从句中的love和are可知，是一般现在时，主语those 和谓语“称为”是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are referred to as。
【50题详解】
考查动词时态和短语。句意：根据新颁布的民法典，在法律上，你不能在合同签订之前，拥有这笔财产。根据“the newly issued Civil Code”可知，拥有财产，用短语take possession of表示，表示法律规定用一般现在时。故填take possession of。
【51题详解】
考查动词时态和语态以及短语。句意：那些爱吃，在电影获得放映许可之前，导演被要求删除某些场景。before引导状语从句，空处缺少谓语，电影被允许上映，用动词短语license...for表示，主句was 提示是一般过去时，主语和谓语是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动。故填was licensed for。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：在金融危机的影响下，汤姆微薄的收入只能勉强维持他的大家庭的生活。根据“modest income”可知，只够勉强维持生活。get by表示“过活”。形容词+for somebody to do，故填to get by。
【53题详解】
考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：在孩子出生后的第一周，将母亲和新生儿分开会使母亲很难与婴儿建立联系。根据“Separating a mother and her newborn”分离母亲和新生儿，不容易使她们建立联系，联系是bond with，it是形式宾语，用不定式作真正的宾语。故填to bond with。
【54题详解】
考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：除了英语流利外，应聘该职位的人还应熟练使用计算机。根据applicants可知，应聘者需要熟练掌握计算机技能。“精通”是have a good command of，be expected to do 表示被期望作某事。用不定式作宾补。故填to have a good command of。
【55题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这次活动是由30名艺术管理专业的学生组织的，结果非常成功。分析句子可知，学生主修艺术管理专业，“主修”是major in，定语从句中谓语是is organized，主修是非谓语动词，和students是主动关系用现在分词。故填majoring in。
【56题详解】
考查动词时态和语态以及短语。句意：服务员非常抱歉，因为他把订单弄混了，给顾客上错了菜。分析句子可知，get something done表示让某事被做，根据“The waiter was terribly sorry”可知，服务员感到抱歉是因为他把顾客订单弄混了，“弄混”是mix up，订单和弄混是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填mixed up。
III. 课文背诵填空。(每小题1分, 共13分)
课本原文填空
It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. I’ve enjoyed my time here very much. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the ____57____ peoples and cultures ____58____ the nation. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also ____59____ in shaping the unique Australia culture, with many of the new cultural influences ____60____.
【答案】57. complicated mix of
58. that make up
59. played a part
60. contributed by immigrants
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了澳大利亚独特的民族和文化。
【57题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在这里待了一段时间后，我最大的印象是组成这个国家的民族和文化的复杂组合。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“……的复杂组合”，“complicated”意为“复杂的”，形容词词性，“complicated mix of…”表示“……的复杂组合”。故填complicated mix of。
【58题详解】
考查固定短语、时态和定语从句。句意：在这里待了一段时间后，我最大的印象是组成这个国家的民族和文化的复杂组合。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“组成”，“make up”意为“组成”，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“peoples and cultures”，指人和物，故应用关系代词“that”引导从句，在从句中作主语，从句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故空格处应填“that make up”。故填that make up。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：虽然自1788年以来，主要的文化影响是西方文化，但少数族裔文化也在塑造澳大利亚独特的文化中发挥了作用，其中许多新的文化影响都是由移民造成的。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“发挥了作用”，“play a part”意为“（在某事中）起作用”，根据句中“since 1788”和“have”可知，句子为现在完成时，“play”的过去分词为“played”，故空格处应填“played a part”。故填played a part。
【60题详解】
考查名词和非谓语动词。句意：虽然自1788年以来，主要的文化影响是西方文化，但少数族裔文化也在塑造澳大利亚独特的文化中发挥了作用，其中许多新的文化影响都是由移民造成的。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“由移民造成的”，“contribute”意为“贡献，是……的原因之一”，动词词性，句中涉及“with的复合结构”作状语，“influences”和“contribute”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“contribute”的过去分词“contributed”作宾语补足语，“immigrant”意为“移民”，为可数名词，句中应用其复数形式“immigrants”表示一类人，“contributed by immigrants”表示“由移民造成的”。故填contributed by immigrants。
课本原文填空
It’s a tough animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also, it cannot walk backwards, so it is always moving forward. This expresses the ____61____ of the Australians as individuals and as a nation. Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth. They then ____62____ their mother’s pouch-a kind of pocket-to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk. . until they are about seven or eight months old. ____63____, they go out to try their legs. After they to jump, they gradually spend less time with their mother and learnt to be independent. Kangaroo may look cute, but ____64____ don’t always end so well. Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard, so please folks, if you see some kangaroos, remember they’re not for petting!
【答案】61. strength and resolve
62. find their way into
63. After this phase
64. encounters with them
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是澳大利亚的袋鼠的特征和习性，还诙谐地提醒袋鼠具有攻击性，需要小心。
【61题详解】
考查名词短语。句意：这表达了澳大利亚人作为个体和民族力量和决心。根据空前的the可知，此处填名词，根据上文“It’s a tough animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also, it cannot walk backwards, so it is always moving forward. ”可知，此处介绍的是袋鼠的“力量和决心”的特征，英文为 strength and resolve，也代表着澳大利亚个体与民族的特征。故填strength and resolve。
【62题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：然后，他们找到进入母亲的袋子 - 一种口袋 - 以保持安全和温暖。根据上文可知，此处介绍的是小袋鼠出生后要进入到母亲的育儿袋中，结合上下文可知，此空处句意是“找到进入母亲育儿袋的路”，动词短语find their way into意为“进入某地的路”，因本文客观介绍的是袋鼠的特征和习性，所以是用一般现在时态，主语是复数，所以谓语用动词原形。故填find their way into。
【63题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：在这个阶段之后，他们会出去试试腿力。分析上下文可知，此处介绍的是袋鼠每个阶段的发育情况，根据上下文可知看，此处意为“在这个阶段之后”，过渡到下文，phase意为“阶段”，作after的宾语，after the phase意为“在这阶段之后”，且位于句首。故填After the phase。
【64题详解】
考查名词短语。句意：袋鼠可能看起来很可爱，但与它们的相遇并不总是那么好。分析句子结构可知，此处应该填名词短语作主语，根据上文中的“袋鼠看起来很可爱，但是……”可知，此处应该表示的是“遇到他们”的结局可不一定那么美好，表示“遇到他们”为encounter with them，谓语是don’t always end，所以主语是复数。故填encounters with them。
课本原文填空
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He____65____ with the 2lst Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. The aim of this initiative is to ____66____ across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bond between China and the rest of the world.
【答案】65. are being revisited
66. encourage cooperation and trade
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是郑和下西洋的路线与现在“一带一路”倡议的关联及其意义。
【65题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：郑和走过的古代海上航线正在与“一带一路”倡议的一部分“二十一世纪海上丝绸之路”一起重游。根据下文句意可知，此处句意应该为“正在重游”，根据句意可知，此处描述的是现在正在进行的动作，故使用现在进行时态，且主语sea routes为复数，与谓语动词“重游”之间为被动关系。故填are being revisited。
【66题详解】
考查动词和名词短语。句意：该倡议的目的是鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路地区的合作和贸易，并加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。根据郑和下西洋的意义和下文中介绍的“一带一路”倡议的目的可知，此处的句意为“鼓励合作与贸易”，英文为encourage cooperation and trade，空前是不定式符号to，所以此处填动词原形。故填encourage cooperation and trade
67. Hundreds of years on, and with the ________, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.(根据句意填空)
【答案】latest technology in hand
【解析】
【详解】考查名词及介词短语。句意：几百年过去了，在拥有最新技术的情况下，贸易的需要和加强关系的愿望将推动中国向遥远的未来伸出援手。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处使用latest technology表示“最新技术”，使用with...in hand表示“拥有”。故填latest technology in hand。

68. To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans. . . . but sea exploration is important for our future. For example, scientific research ships can help________ such as climate change.(根据句意填空)
【答案】address important issues
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：要真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索海洋。但海洋探索对我们的未来很重要。例如，科学研究船可以帮助解决气候变化等重要问题。分析句子结构可知，help do sth.意为“帮助做某事”，此空应填动词原形作宾语，结合上下文句意可知，此处表示“解决重大问题”，address意为“解决”，表示“重大问题”是important issue，结合句意可知，此处泛指所有的与气候变化相关的问题，所以应使用复数。故填address important issues。
69. Of course, there are still environmental risks. However, these should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more________ this balance.(根据句意填空)
【答案】options for managing
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语。句意：当然，仍然存在环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可能有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。根据上文中的“随着技术的进步”，we may have more可知，此处应该为名词复数，结合句意可知，此处为“管理这些平衡的选择”应为options for managing this balance。故填options for managing。
IV. 语法填空(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Buried deep in the ruins of the Shang Dynasty, ____70____ (specific) in Anyang City of Henan Province, bones of the rhino (犀牛) were found.
A collection of archaeological evidence has confirmed the ____71____(exist) of rhinos in ancient China. The animal____72____(distribute) across China’s Central Plains, ____73____ Chinese civilization originated.
Nevertheless, the rhino was no longer wandering in the region after the Han Dynasty. One explanation is that it was the colder climate of Northeast Asia that saw the creature____74____(appear) from the pages of history. However, Zhou Yu, the writer of History of Chinese Armor (盔甲), offered up____75____ explanation: the crafting of armor.
Armor was originally made of bamboo but the material possessed limited____76____(defend) capabilities. Leather armor later became popular during the pre-Qin period. Zhou’s book____77____(read) that the rhino’s thick skin was a primary material for the creation of warriors’ armor. Many ancient accounts recorded the killing of rhinos and ____78____(turn) their skin into protective covering. “The huge demand _____79_____ rhino skins might have caused the animal’s disappearance or at least its migration from the Central Plains to the southwestern regions” Zhou told Beijing Review.
【答案】70. specifically
71. existence
72. was distributed
73. where 74. disappear
75. another
76. defensive##defense##defence
77. reads 78. turning
79. for
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。分析了犀牛在中国古代中原地区存在以及转移到西南地区的原因。
【70题详解】
考查副词。句意：深埋在商代废墟中，具体来说在河南省安阳市，发现了犀牛的骨头。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语修饰介词短语。故填specifically。
【71题详解】
考查名词。句意：一系列考古证据证实了中国古代存在犀牛。根据空前的the和空后of可知，此处填名词构成名词所有格，exist的名词为existence意为“存在”。故填existence。
【72题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：这种动物分布在中国文明起源的中原地区。分析句子结构可知，空处为主句谓语动词，根据句意可知，此处讲述的是过去犀牛的分布，所以使用一般过去时态，且与主语之间为被动关系，主语是单数，故填was distributed。
【73题详解】
考查连词。句意：这种动物分布在中国文明起源的中原地区。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词表示的是地点。故填where。
【74题详解】
考查动词。句意：一种解释是，正是东北亚寒冷的气候使这种生物从历史的书页中消失了。分析句子结构可知，此处为“see+宾语+宾补”结构，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“见证了这些生物的消失”，强调看到动作的过程，所以应使用省to的不定式结构，表示“消失”应为disappear。故填disappear。
【75题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，《中国盔甲史》的作者Zhou Yu提出了另一种解释：盔甲的制作。分析句子结构可知，此处应该为定语修饰explanation，结合上下文的语意可知，此处表示“另外的解释”，故填another。
【76题详解】
考查形容词和名词。句意：盔甲最初由竹子制成，但这种材料的防御能力有限。分析句子结构可知，此处应该是定语修饰名词capabilities，结合句意可知，此处可以使用形容词作定语，也可以使用名词作定语，意为“防御能力”，防御的名词写法有两种。故填defensive/defens(c)e
【77题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：周的书中写道，犀牛厚厚的皮肤是制作战士盔甲的主要材料。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时态，句子主语Zhou’s book是单数，所以此处谓语也用单数，read意为“写着”时使用主动语态。故填reads。
【78题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：许多古代记载记录了犀牛被杀并将皮肤变成保护性覆盖物过程。分析句子结构可知，此处与空前的killing of rhinos为并列结构，所以此处也应填动名词形式。故填turning。
【79题详解】
考查介词。句意：“对犀牛皮的巨大需求可能导致这种动物的消失，或者至少是它从中原迁移到西南地区，”周告诉北京评论。结合句意可知，表示“对……的需求”英语为the demand for…。故填for。
V. 读后续写(共25分)
80. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I am a proud mother of three children, my last little one being delivered in the middle of this pandemic. She was born in August and her name is Aida.
Shortly after having Aida, my mother-in-law Ann showed me something she learned from her friend’s mother in an art class she attended weekly. She had showed me how to knit (编织) a scarf. She showed me stitches (针) and gave me her half done project.
I spent a lot of time breastfeeding my sweet little girl, so I had some extra time to do something with my hands throughout the day. I enjoyed making the scarf so I purchased tons of yarn (线) since it was winter. I wanted to make scarves for my three children as Christmas gifts.
There was a new family that moved in down the street. The only daughter of the family was Jane, a shy girl, aged 14, the same age of my oldest son David. It seemed that she came from a financially disadvantaged family, for she always wore old clothes. Worse sill, in such cold days, she had no more clothes to wear and trembled with cold.
Due to the pandemic, society was thrown into crisis mode. Schools were closed, food supplies and deliveries were suspended and children were stuck at home. In such discouraging times, however, they became good companions, talking and playing at home or around the houses.
It was dreadfully cold this winter. Every time David came back from outside, with red face, he always cried, “Mum, it is freezing outside!” Then, he came over to see whether I finished the scarf. I could tell how impatient he was to wear my scarf sooner! I had to speed the project to satisfy his expectation. But David comforted me saying he could wait a few days. What a kind and considerate boy he was ! Then my great art project finally was accomplished on the morning ahead of Christmas.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I wrapped the scarf around David’s neck.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later that day David came back saying Jane also deserved a scarf.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I wrapped the scarf around David’s neck. David’s face lit up with joy. Stroking the scarf softly, David excitedly kissed me in the cheek, beaming at me “Thank you, Mum. This is the best gift I have ever received.” Before I could say anything, he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step. I felt relieved and content as a mother, seeing David play happily outside, with the scarf sheltering him to brave the bone-chilling wind. Wearing a smile on my face, I continued my chores that morning.
Later that day David came back saying Jane also deserved a scarf. Obviously, David noticed Jane could hardly bear the freezing weather with worn-out clothes. “Can I give this to Jane as a Christmas gift?” David ventured in a low voice. Smilingly, I nodded. Seeing David rush into Jane’s house with the scarf in his hand, felt burst of pride. I was happy that both of them received the best gift for Christmas. For Jane-a scarf to keep warm, and for David—a taste of happiness of giving.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了疫情期间作者的小女儿出生后作者跟家里的老人学会了织围巾，她想给家里的三个孩子织围巾。在寒冷的冬天，一个来自经济拮据家庭的小女孩简总是被冻得瑟瑟发抖。由于疫情大爆发，社会陷入危机模式，学校关闭，食品供应和运输暂停，孩子们被困在家里。然而，在这种令人沮丧的时期，孩子们和简成了好伙伴，在家里或在房子周围聊天、玩耍。最终作者给孩子们织好了围巾。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我把围巾围在大卫的脖子上。”可知，第一段可描写大卫在带上围巾后感动和开心的样子。
②由第二段首句内容“那天晚些时候，大卫回来说简也应该得到一条围巾。”可知，第二段可描写大卫给简也送了一条温暖的围巾。
2.续写线索：大卫带上围巾——开心——母亲满足——大卫想到简没有围巾——送围巾——母亲感慨
3.词汇激活
行为类
①冲出去：dashed out /rush out
②.忍受：bear/ endure
情绪类
①.满足：content/ satisfied
②.感到骄傲：feel burst of pride/be proud of
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Before I could say anything, he dashed out to join Jane with a spring in his step.（此句中有Before引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Seeing David rush into Jane’s house with the scarf in his hand, felt burst of pride.（此句中有现在分词作状语）
听力答案：1-5 BCCAB 6-10 AACCA 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 BCCBB