2022-2023学年北京市朝阳区高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷 Word版含答案

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北京市朝阳区2022～2023学年度第一学期期末质量检测高三英语2023. 1（考试时间90分钟   满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Early in my teaching career, I heard countless make-believe stories for unfinished homework. Then I grew less trusting and quitted __1__ any excuse. When the students at my new school didn't finish homework, I never asked why. Instead, I just sighed loudly and recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the __2 __I thought I wanted. One day, Anthony approached me. “Could I talk to you?” he asked __3__ . “I know you said no excuse, but I don't want you to think I'm__4__ because I often come without my homework. ” He then looked up at me for the first time. “It's just that. . . my dad moved out, and my mom works at night, so I have to look after my little brothers. Often, they cry a lot, and it's hard for me to __5__...I was about to ask why he didn't tell me earlier when I suddenly realized why. So I changed the __6 __. “Would it help if you stayed after school and worked on it before you go home?”He nodded hard. Anthony became the first student in my after-school study session. Several days later, Terrell joined him, followed by Sandy and Randy. Before long, I had a room full of students. Their stories were not amusing, but all very __7__: ·The power company __8 __our lights because we couldn't pay the bill. ·My dad says schoolwork is just a waste of time. ·We don't have any paper in the house. I thus discovered not all kids come from families that are __9 __. Not all kids have a quiet bedroom with a desk and study light. Some don't even have home. Most importantly, I learned that “I'll listen" __10 __better than "No excuse!”1. A. inventing B. finding C. accepting D. offering2. A. reputation B. benefit C. experience D. praise3. A. loudly B. shyly C. curiously D. eagerly4. A. poor B. mean C. lazy D. weak5. A. behave B. concentrate C. struggle D. compete 6. A. question B. tune C. process D. thought7. A. complex B. moving C. cool D. real8. A. broke down B. put out C. cut off D. shut out9. A. disciplined B. peaceful C. traditional D. supportive10. A. works B. feels C. understands D. controls第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Edward O. Wilson, the “modern-day Charles Darwin”, damaged his right eye when he__11__ （catch） a fish in the river near his home at seven. The poor eyesight only allowed him to observe small__ 12__ （creature）, like ants. Interested in the selflessness of ants, which would sacrifice themselves for their colony（群体），Wilson developed a theory，__ 13 __（confirm） the existence of altruistic（利他的）behavior in a wide range of species. It made him influential as both a close observer and a pioneering theorist. BResearch on the relationship between gratitude（感恩） and physical health is still exploring. The evidence of existing studies __14 __（suggest） that there may be a connection. It appears that more grateful people report sleeping better and feeling __15 __（healthy）. Besides, gratitude may lead people to engage in behaviors that help keep them healthy, like not smoking. Now researchers still need to make it clear __16 __gratitude is so good for our health. COn October 12th, Shenzhou-14 crew members gave a live class to the students on Earth. During the class, the crew showed the students a science glove-box, __ 17__ the plants experiments are performed. Then, the astronauts had real-time interactions with students __18__video calls and they answered students' questions like “What kinds of plants __19 __（bring）to space in future spaceflights?” At the end of the class, the crew said, “We expect you guys__20__（build） our space home better in the future. ”第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A With many Chicken Soup for the Soul books in development, we are always looking for new talent. So whether you are a regular contributor or new to our family, please share your stories with us. Here is the recipe for submission. Story Guidelines·Tell a heartwarming story about something that has happened to you or someone you know. ·The story should start “in the action” and draw in the reader. Do not start your story with an introduction about what you are going to say. ·Don't try fancy moves with tenses. Writing in the present tense about something that happened in the past rarely works. ·Keep your story within 1200 words. Tighten!Tips about submittingThe only way to submit your stories is to do it on our website. A message, “Thank you! Your information has been received”, is the only confirmation of your submission. There is no email from us. If you have any problems, please write to: webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul. com. There are many topics in each of our books. If you have a story that you think fits two of the topics, you may submit it to both. Also, there is no limit to the number of stories you may submit for each book. After publicationIf your story is selected to be published, you will be asked to sign our standard permission release agreement. This means that you maintain ownership of your story but you give us the rights to publish it and use it again in any future book or our other products. After your story is published, you will receive ten free copies of the book your story appears in. You will be entitled to buy cases of your books at half price. You will also receive our monthly newsletter with advance notice of new books. 21. What kind of story is likely to be accepted by Chicken Soup for the Soul?A. A story with an introduction. B. A story of one's own experience. C. A story with more than 1200 words. D. A story written in the present tense. 22. What can we learn about story submission?A. You can submit your stories by email. B. A story can just be submitted to one topic. C. You can submit many stories to the same book. D. An email will be sent for a successful submission. 23. If your story is published, you willA. lose its official ownershipB. obtain future books in advanceC. get free cases of your booksD. approve of its future publication BAs a Ph. D. student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply. The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn't prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities. I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn't including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn't she trust my leadership? But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected- as colleagues, but also as friends. Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I've realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D. , I'm approaching job searches with a good idle of what I want. 24. What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work?A. The relevance to her study. B. The longing for a family. C. The desire for social contact. D. The previous work experience. 25. What can we learn about the author's volunteer work?A. It drives her away from her study. B. It teaches her how to conduct business. C. It allows her to adjust her attitude to life. D. It helps her identify the professional paths. 26. From the passage, we can learn that the author is ___.A. open to new challengesB. proud of academic successC. brave to overcome prejudiceD. demanding of group members CFinland was known as a rather quiet country. Since 2008, the Country Brand Delegation （国家品牌代表团）has been looking for a national brand that would make some noise to market the country as a world-famous tourist destination. In 2010, the Delegation issued a "Country Brand Report, ”which highlighted a host of marketable themes, including Finland's famous educational system. One key theme was brand new: silence. As the report explained, modern society often seems intolerably loud and busy. “Silence is a resource, ” it said. Silence first appeared in scientific research as a control or baseline, against which scientists compare the effects of noise or music. Researchers have mainly studied it by accident, as physician Luciano Bernardi did in his study of the physiological （生理学）effects of music. “We didn't think about the effect of silence, ” he said. Bernardi observed two dozen test subjects while they listened to six musical tracks. He found that the impacts of music could be read directly in the bloodstream, via changes in blood pressure, carbon dioxide, and circulation in the brain. “During almost all sorts of music, there was a physiological change with a condition of arousal（兴奋），”he explained. This effect made sense, given that active listening requires attention. But the more striking finding appeared between musical tracks. Bernardi and his colleagues discovered that randomly added stretches of silence also had a great effect, but in the opposite direction. In fact, two- minute silent pauses proved far more relaxing than either “relaxing” music or a longer silence played before the experiment started. The blank pauses that Bernardi had considered irrelevant, in other words, became the most interesting object of study. Silence seemed to be heightened by contrasts, maybe because it gave test subjects a release from careful attention. “Perhaps the arousal is something that concentrates the mind in one direction, so that when there is nothing more arousing, then you have deeper relaxation, ”he said. This finding is reinforced by neurological （神经系统的）research. Relevant research shows when our brains rest quietly, they integrate external and internal information into “a conscious （意识的）workspace. ”Freedom from noise and goal-directed tasks， it appears， unites the quiet without and within, allowing our conscious workspace to do its thing to discover where we fit in. Noora Vikman, a consultant on silence for Finland's marketers, knows silence well. Living in a remote and quiet place in Finland, she discovers thoughts and feelings that aren't detectable in her busy daily life. “If you want to know yourself, you have to be with yourself, and discuss with yourself, and be able to talk with yourself. ” 27. Why does the author mention the Country Brand Report in Paragraph 1?A. To present how Finland viewed silence. B. To highlight the need of noise in Finland. C. To explain why Finland issued the brands. D. To indicate the authority of the Delegation. 28. What can be inferred about Luciano Bernardi's discovery?A. It challenged the calming effect of music. B. It emphasized the role of silence between sounds. C. It illustrated the loss of attentiveness after silence. D. It stated brains' information processing in the quiet. 29. As for Noora Vikman's attitude to silence, the author is __.A. doubtfulB. supportiveC. disapprovingD. unconcerned30. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Silence: A Limited ResourceB. Silence: A Misunderstood ToolC. Silence: The Unexpected PowerD. Silence: The Value by ContrastsDA few years ago, the City Council of Monza, Italy, barred pet the curved sides owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is crue to keep a fish in such a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure's significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? Physicists are finding themselves in a similar trouble to the goldfish's. For decades they have been pursuing an ultimate theory of everything-one complete and consistent set of fundamental laws of nature that explain every aspect of reality. It now appears that this pursuit may generate not a single theory but a family of interconnected theories, each describing its own version of reality, as if it viewed the universe through its own fishbowl. This concept may be difficult for many people to accept. Most people believe that there is an objective reality out there and that our senses and our science directly convey（传达）information about the material world. In philosophy， that belief is called realism. In physics, realism is becoming difficult to defend. Instead, the idea of alternative realities is a mainstay of today's popular culture. For example, in the science-fiction film The Matrix the human race is unknowingly living in a simulated（模拟的）virtual reality created by intelligent computers. How do we know we are not just computer-generated characters living in a Matrix-like world? If-like us-the beings in the simulated world could not observe their universe from the outside, they would have no reason to doubt their own pictures of reality. Similarly, the goldfish's view is not the same as ours from outside their curved bowl. For instance, because light bends as it travels from air to water, a freely moving object that we would observe to move in a straight line would be observed by the goldfish to move along a curved path. The goldfish could form scientific laws from their frame（框架）of reference that would always hold true and that would enable them to make predictions about the future motion of objects outside the bowl. If the goldfish formed such a theory, we would have to admit the goldfish's view as a reasonable picture of reality. The goldfish example shows that the same physical situation can be modeled in different ways, each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. It might be that to describe the universe we have to employ different theories in different situations. It is not the physicist's traditional expectation for a theory of nature, nor does it correspond to our everyday idea of reality. But it might be the way of the universe. 31. What does the underlined word “distorted” in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?A. Original. B. Accurate. C. Distant. D. False. 32. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?A. The need for a complete theory. B. The lasting conflict in physics. C. The existence of the material world. D. The conventional insight of reality. 33. What can we learn from the passage?A. Nature's mysteries are best left undiscovered. B. An external world is independent of the observers. C. People's theories are influenced by their viewpoints. D. It is essential to figure out which picture of reality is better. 34. According to the passage, the author may agree that ___.A. various interpretations of the universe are welcomedB. physicists have a favorite candidate for the final theoryC. multiple realities can be pieced together to show the real worldD. there is still possibility to unify different theories into a single one第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。An apology can achieve great things for both the givers and the receivers although nobody likes to admit that they were wrong. An apology is crucial to our physical health. When we acknowledge that we are wrongdoers and express our guilt to others, we will free ourselves from the uncomfortable state. This act feels like a weight on us has been lifted. __35 __Research showed that heart rate, sweat levels and facial tension decreased in victims of wrongs even when they simply imagined receiving an apology. Apologizing affects us not just physically, but also mentally. __36__ When presented with an apology, the victims may view us as imperfect human beings and find it easier to give forgiveness. In a powerful piece in Psychology Today, writer Beverly Engel described how a simple “I'm sorry” from her mother, after being estranged from each other for three years, made her relieved emotionally. But let's be real, apologizing can be difficult. __37__ We should recognize our action did hurt someone even if our intention may not have been so. Instead of making excuses for what we did, try to bear responsibility and offer a promise to take action so that we will not repeat the behavior in future. __38__Of course, the most effective apologies often bring a cost to our dignity, since we have to admit that we are wrong in front of others or many people. __ 39__ As is known, it is one of the most positive actions we can take when we do something wrong-for ourselves, the others, and the relationship. So, go ahead, apologize a little more often for the things worth apologizing for. A. There are agreed-upon ways to express our apology to others. B. It's a way of showing the price we paid for the wronged action. C. A good apology affects the health of those on the receiving end, too. D. But this can often be minor compared to the benefits of a proper apology. E. This means we should take the blame and not try to justify it or explain it away. F. Apologize for what you did rather than what other people might have thought about it. G. It has the ability to disarm others of their anger and to prevent further misunderstandings. 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Building relationships and working successfully with different cultural backgrounds can seem like a major challenge. But you can enjoy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfaction to a minimum. The key to making them work is cultural competence. Essentially, cultural competence is defined as the ability to understand and interact effectively with people from different cultures. Cultural competence is critical for everyone in today's modern world. Living and working in a culturally diverse environment sometimes comes with differences of opinion and tension. People with strong cultural competence can resolve these issues creatively, even if a solution seems impossible at first. What's more, thinking and caring about others with different experiences can bring out a sense of understanding. This helps to build trust between each other. Cultural competence can be improved through training, education, and experience. Here are some simple tips to help you improve your cultural competence. Assess yourselfThe starting point is to understand your own cultural values and world view. Assess the current level of cultural competence in yourself and identify the knowledge, skills and resources that you want to acquire. This can give you an idea of your strengths and weaknesses in the area so that you can improve yourself in future. Practice good mannersNo matter whom you are dealing with, make sure that you are respecting others' backgrounds, boundaries and customs. Pay close attention to your communication and make sure that you're speaking to others in a kind and polite way. Ask questionsWhen you don't understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questions stops you making unnecessary assumptions, and shows the questions you did not understand to them. Keep in mind that developing cultural competence is not a one-shot enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether you are in a classroom or on campus, cultural competence plays an important role in your daily environment. Recognizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting for everyone. 40. What is cultural competence according to the passage?41. Why is cultural competence important for people in intercultural environment?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. To improve our cultural competence, we should not only understand our strengths and weaknesses in this area, but also ask questions when we don't understand others' behaviors, even if we may speak in an impolite way. 43. Apart from the tips mentioned in the passage, what other way（s） can you think of to develop your cultural competence? （In about 40 words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim打算利用寒假在家锻炼身体，发来邮件向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1．推荐一款app和推荐理由；2．给出运动建议。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua