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2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三上学期月考（四）英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三上学期月考（四）英语试题（解析版），共28页。试卷主要包含了 5分, 满分7， 15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
长郡中学2023届高三月考试卷(四)
英语
本试题卷共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Which language can Robert speak well?
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Robert is really good at languages. He is fluent in French, and now he’s learning German.
M: He also knows a little Russian. And I hear that he even wants to learn Chinese.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: You really must have had a good time!
W: I did, but it’s more than that. Everything there seemed so different and so strange.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the time now?
A. About 10: 05. B. About 10: 10. C. About 10: 15.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Good morning. I’d like some information about the bus, please.
W: Yes, sir. Where are you going?
M: When is the next bus to London, please?
W: At a quarter past ten. That’s in about ten minutes.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is the woman?
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: How did you like the food here?
W: Better than I expected. I didn’t know Chinese food was so good.
M: Are you going back on the Wednesday flight?
W: Yes.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man own?
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: When are you leaving for Germany?
M: I don’t know. This is really difficult. I don’t know what to do about the flat.
W: Is it yours? Do you own it?
M: No, I rent it. But all the furniture is mine.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the woman say about buying the car?
A. She doesn’t like the car.
B. The price is not reasonable.
C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager?
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1, 000.
C. To get the price down another $2, 000.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: That’s a fair price. The problem is. I can’t afford it right now, even though it’s a good deal. I guess I’ll look for something cheaper.
M: You could. and you like this car. right? Tell you what. If I could get the price down another S 500. would that be affordable for you?
W: $ 500? Well. that would certainly help. If you could get it down another $ 1.000, I’d definitely buy it.
M: OK.I need to talk with my manager. Please wait here a few moments. Would you like any coffee or tea?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning?
A. Eat in the restaurant.
B. Go to the local beach.
C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History Museum?
A. Near the beach.
B. Next to the restaurant.
C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down?
A. It’s relaxing.
B. It’s wonderful.
C. It’s impossible.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【原文】M: There are so many places to go on our sightseeing trip that I am having trouble narrowing it down.
W: Let’s figure out what to do before lunch and what to do in the afternoon.
M: I heard that the local beach is a place that can’t be missed.
W: That would be a relaxing way to begin our morning. It would be good to get out in the sun.
M: The Natural History Museum is close by, isn’t it?
W: Yes. It is supposed to be fantastic!
M: Do you have any suggestions as to where we could go in the afternoon?
W; We could check out the local amusement park.
M: We could eat dinner and watch the sun go down at that restaurant by the park.
W: That could really end up being a great day!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Who is the man?
A. The interviewer.
B. The manager.
C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job?
A. It is interesting.
B. It is well paid.
C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job?
A. She will not get the job.
B. She has already got the job.
C. She will probably get the job.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Grace. Did you have any trouble getting here today?
W: No, I was fine, thank you.
M: Well, we are glad to have you join the team, Grace.
W: Wait. I already have the job?
M: Of course not! I was just saying that if we were to hire you, we would be happy that we had. The job pays good money, and you would be lucky if we were to offer it to you. Do you have any questions?
W: Um...What exactly would I be doing?
M: Anyway, your salary would not depend on your selling things. Anything else?
W: Uh, no, I guess not.
M: Well, I suppose we’re done here! I, of course, have to check with the manager, but you seem like the perfect person for the job.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. When does the girl think about seeing a movie?
A. On Wednesday morning.
B. On Wednesday evening.
C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night?
A. The girl has piano lessons.
B. The girl has to babysit.
C. The show time is too late.
16. Which movie showing can the girl see?
A. The five o’clock showing.
B. The seven o’clock showing.
C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place?
A. On Monday.
B. On Wednesday.
C. On Thursday.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Dad, can I go to a movie this week with Janet?
M: Okay. When are you thinking about going to a movie?
W: Uh, we’re thinking about seeing a movie on Wednesday after school.
M: Well, that’s not going to work. You have piano lessons after school and then you have to babysit for the neighbors until 9:00.
W: Umm, what about Friday night? I checked the paper, and there’s a midnight showing.
M: Uh-uh, too late. Forget that idea.
W: And Saturday?
M: Well. let me check the paper for show times.
W: Can I go see the nine o’clock showing?
M: The five o’clock showing?
W: How about the seven o’clock showing?
M: Sorry, but I want you to get to bed early that night.
W: Okay.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. When do swallows return?
A. At the end of March.
B. At the beginning of summer.
C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December?
A. In Argentina.
B. In San Diego.
C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return?
A. They can watch birds again.
B. They know spring is coming.
C. They know there will be snow soon.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Bird Watching in the United States
Hello, everyone. Today, I’ll talk about bird watching in the United States.
One of the best places for bird watching is San Juan Capistrano. It is not far from San Diego. Thousands of people go to visit this town. It is as old as the United States. The favorite day to be there is March 19. This is the day when the swallows return.
Swallows are small birds with beautiful, long tails. They fly every year from Argentina and always arrive on the same date. People wait all day to watch for them. First, they just see a few swallows. Then more of the birds arrive. Soon the sky is full of them.
On October 23, the swallows leave San Juan Capistrano. They fly back to Argentina. When it is cold in California it is hot in Argentina. That is why these interesting birds live in two different countries. They like to be where the weather is warm.
Many Americans like to watch birds. In the eastern states, where the winters are very cold. the most popular bird is the robin. No one hears its happy song when the snow begins to fall in November. The robins fly to Mexico to find warm weather. After a few months the robins return and the people are happy to see them. The people know that spring is near.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Travel with Kids to Pittsburgh
This is an exciting time to visit Pittsburgh. The city and surrounding region is now perfect for family fun. Here are some of Pittsburgh’s must-visit family attractions:
Eat Pie at Sand Hill Berries
The homemade pies at Sand Hill Berries are better than what’s found on any kids menu, and everyone loves fresh fruit pie! The family farm has been growing strawberries and blackberries since 1981, using the fruit for homemade jams and pies. It’s worth a drive to the farm’s lovely outdoor Cabin Cafe. Kids and adults will enjoy a slice of pie in what feels like a secret garden.
Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh
For active kids with energy to burn, the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh is a perfect place. Kids can play in the Garage—an interactive area that includes a parachute (降落伞) launcher and toy car raceways. At the Makeshop, kids use skills to create a take-home piece of woodworking or sewing. Museum exhibits change often and make for fresh repeat visits.
Fort Ligonier
History comes to life at Fort Ligonier, a re-created fort (兵营) from the French and Indian War located in Ligonier—about an hour’s drive east of the city. Here, kids can learn about George Washington—he served at the fort more than 250 years ago! Costumed (装扮的) soldiers demonstrate daily life, including welcoming visitors to where they slept, ate and prepared for battle. In October, the village of Ligonier hosts the annual Fort Ligonier Days with live music, performances, fireworks and more.
Just Ducky Tour
Pittsburgh’s Just Ducky Tour takes riders from land to water on one boat! The jeep-like boats start on land for a driving tour of the business and cultural districts of downtown, before driving into the river! The tour guide makes an effort to tell fun stories about the landmarks. Kids will love the group participation and enjoy the excitement of driving right into the river!
21. Where can kids make things with their own hands?
A. At Fort Ligonier.
B. On Just Ducky Tour.
C. At Sand Hill Berries.
D. In the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh.
22. What can visitors see at Fort Ligonier in summer?
A. Costumed soldiers.
B. George Washington.
C. The French and Indian War.
D. Performances by the villagers.
23. How is Just Ducky Tour different from the other tours?
A. It is kid-friendly.
B. It is a historic site.
C. It offers delicious food.
D. It involves both land and water.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了匹兹堡适合全家去的景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh部分的“At the Makeshop, kids use skills to create a take-home piece of woodworking or sewing.(在Makeshop，孩子们使用技能制作一件带回家的木工或缝纫作品)”可知，在Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh孩子们可以动手自己制作东西。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fort Ligonier部分的“Costumed (装扮的) soldiers demonstrate daily life, including welcoming visitors to where they slept, ate and prepared for battle. (身着盛装的士兵展示了日常生活，包括欢迎游客到他们睡觉、吃饭和准备战斗的地方)”可知，夏天游客可以在Fort Ligonier看到身着盛装的士兵。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Just Ducky Tour部分的“Pittsburgh’s Just Ducky Tour takes riders from land to water on one boat! (匹兹堡的“Just Ducky之旅”让游客乘坐一艘船从陆地到水中!)”并结合其他景点可知，Just Ducky Tour和其他旅行的不同之处是它包括水陆。故选D。
B
What’s your favorite insect? It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research, Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24. What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about?
A. Different ant colonies.
B Ants that help each other.
C. Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D. Sound communication between ants.
25. What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected?
A. How they worked with other ants.
B. What other ants they would help.
C. When they would help other ants.
D. How often they received sound signals.
26. Why did Velazquez color-code the ants?
A. To bury the workers in the dirt.
B. To see how far ants would travel.
C. To record interaction between colonies.
D. To identify ants from different colonies.
27. What does Velazquez say about a research project?
A. It contributes much to your studies.
B. It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C. You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D. You will have to spend a lot of time on it.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是昆虫爱好者Velazquez热衷于蚂蚁研究，并且完成了一部纪录片的拍摄，并开始探索一群被称为“陷阱颚蚁”发出的神秘的嗡嗡声，并指出参加“the Honors College First Year Project”这一项目能识别你自己在研究领域的潜能。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants.(Velazquez已经完成了一部纪录片“懒蚂蚁”，记录了对蚂蚁不活动的研究。)”可知，这部纪录片讲述的是对这群蚂蚁的不活跃的行为进行的研究。故选C项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的““It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained.(“在动物王国中，生物体帮助其他生物是非常罕见的，尤其是在昆虫中，”Velazquez解释说。)”可知，生物体帮助其它生物体是很难见的事情，所以Velazquez要一探究竟，根据下文中的一系列问题“Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?(这些蚂蚁会用声音信号帮助其他被困在泥土中的工蚁吗？来自蚁群A的蚂蚁会拯救来自蚁群B的一只蚂蚁，还是只会帮助来自自己蚁群的蚂蚁？”)”可知，Velazquez想要用它收集来的这些蚂蚁研究这些蚂蚁会帮助其他什么蚂蚁。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.(目标是看看噪音会传播多远，以及蚂蚁是否能理解来自不同蚁群的声音。)”可知，Velazquez为了判断声音传多远，需要给蚂蚁涂上颜色区别来自不同蚁群的蚂蚁，这样才能判断声音传送的距离。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research, " he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself. ”(“这是一个很棒的方法，看看你是否喜欢这个研究领域，”他说。“绝对值得你花时间去发现一些关于自己的新东西。”)”可知，这项研究项目“the Honors College First Year Project”可以识别你是否喜欢研究这一领域，值得花时间去挖掘自己的潜能。故选B项。
C
Childhood is a time of limitless possibilities. And old age is the time of wisdom. But for children who face the monster(恶魔)of cancer, their lives are fast- forwarded into profound wisdom. Not only do they have hand-to-hand struggle with the limits of life, they face it with raw truth1 and courage. For them, life is hard- won yet full of unbelievable hope, and is to be lived to the fullest.
We have much to learn from these children.
That’s what art therapist(治疗专家), Lisa Murray, believed as she worked to help children with cancer to release their feelings through their drawings, which have turned into a book, Angels & Monsters.
Murray found that in their struggle, kids would tell her constantly, “I’m just a regular kid; I just want to play, to go to school, to go outside. . . I just happen to have cancer. ”
She was moved and inspired by their simple will to survive. The children were facing the disease head on. She saw some powerful images in their artwork. “What courage it takes to do that, ” said Murray.
Murray selected 25 children aged 13 months to 18 years. She asked the four- year-olds and up, “If you could tell the world what it is like to have cancer, what would you say, what would you draw?” For two- to three-year-olds, she asked, “What do you want to tell people about yourself?” And for the youngest, she just took their handprints. “It’s such a human expression, ‘Here’s my mark, ‘” said Murray.
She then asked them about their pictures, and wrote down exactly what they said. This gave the artwork a powerful voice. Coupled with Murray’s photographs of the children in the book, the three forms of expression leave both a permanent record and lasting impression with the viewer.
As a therapist, Murray doesn’t give the kids the impression that the drawing process is right or wrong. Whatever they draw is unconditionally acceptable. “Children play, they draw, and that’s the natural language of children. That’s why art therapy is so wonderful, ”she said.
28. Why does Murray ask children with cancer to draw pictures?
A. To help them to gain wisdom.
B. To help them deal with cancer.
C. To turn the pictures into a book.
D. To let people know more about them.
29. What are “the three forms of expression” about the children?
A. Their drawings, their voices and the book.
B. Their drawings, their handprints and the book.
C. Their drawings, their words and the photos of them.
D. Their drawings, Murray’s questions and the children’s answers.
30. What does Murray do in the process of the children drawing pictures?
A. She lets them draw whatever they like.
B. She teaches them how to draw naturally.
C. She gives them advice about what to draw.
D. She makes sure what they draw are acceptable.
31. What are children with cancer like in the eyes of Murray?
A They are energetic and active.
B. They are wise and hardworking.
C. They are courageous and optimistic.
D. They are thoughtful and kind-hearted.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了艺术治疗专家丽莎·默里（Lisa Murray）致力于帮助患有癌症的儿童通过他们的绘画来释放他们的情感，这些绘画已经被写成了一本书《天使与怪物》。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That’s what art therapist(治疗专家), Lisa Murray, believed as she worked to help children with cancer to release their feelings through their drawings……”（这就是艺术治疗专家丽莎·默里在帮助癌症儿童通过绘画释放情感时所相信的。）可知丽莎·默里让患有癌症的孩子画画是为了帮助她们应对癌症。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She then asked them about their pictures, and wrote down exactly what they said. Coupled with Murray’s photographs of the children in the book, the three forms of expression leave both a permanent record and lasting impression with the viewer.”（然后她问他们关于他们的绘画作品，并准确地写下他们说的话。再加上Murray在书中对孩子们的照片，这三种表现形式给观众留下了永久的记录和持久的印象。）可知绘画，孩子们写的话，以及他们的照片是三种表现形式。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As a therapist, Murray doesn’t give the kids the impression that the drawing process is right or wrong. Whatever they draw is unconditionally acceptable. ”（作为一名治疗师，默里不会给孩子们留下画画过程是对是错的印象。无论他们画什么，都是无条件接受的。）可知在孩子画画过程中，默里让孩子画他们想画的任何事物。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Murray found that in their struggle, kids would tell her constantly, “I’m just a regular kid; I just want to play, to go to school, to go outside. . . I just happen to have cancer. ” ”（默里发现，在他们的挣扎中，孩子们会不断地告诉她，“我只是一个普通的孩子;我只想玩，想上学，想出去……我只是碰巧得了癌症。”）可知，这些患有癌症的孩子很乐观；第五段“She was moved and inspired by their simple will to survive. The children were facing the disease head on. She saw some powerful images in their artwork. “What courage it takes to do that, ” said Murray.”（她被他们求生的朴素意志所感动和鼓舞。孩子们正直面疾病。她在他们的艺术作品中看到了一些强有力的形象。默里说:“这样做需要多大的勇气。）可知，孩子们很勇敢。故选C项。
D
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
32. According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making?
A. Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B. Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C. Wondering who will make a decision.
D. Wondering how to help make a decision.
33. What was the purpose of the unstable block?
A. To create a fast-changing situation.
B. To train participants to respond to changes.
C. To make the video game more challenging.
D. To help those with anxiety make decisions.
34. Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes?
A. To improve decision-making.
B. To remember the achievements.
C. To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D. To avoid making difficult decisions.
35. What advice can be given according to the study?
A. Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B. Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C. Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D. Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定。一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. (患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助。)”可知根据文章，影响决策的一项是不确定会发生什么，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. (另一个是不稳定的，在另一个阶段中，每20次试验中，获得奖励的概率较高的形状就会发生变化。因此，在不稳定的区块中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整自己的反应。)”可知不稳定区块的目的是创造快速变化的局面，故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. (Sonia Bishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手)”可知Sonia Bishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策。故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. (现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定。)”可知这项研究可以给出的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁，故选D。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all have projects that need to be finished. ___36___
Believe it or not, the location in which you plan your project plays an important role. A crowded place means distractions (分心) which certainly means that you will miss out important things which should have been included in the plan. That’s why I urge you to sit down and make this plan in a location where you can focus. ___37___ If you for some reason cannot, there are other locations available such as the library, your work office and so on.
Do you know well about the actual purpose of the project? It’s not uncommon that people forget to outline the exact purpose of the project in explicit terms.
___38___ If the purpose isn’t well explained, it could lead to some confusions in the future as well as loss of time and money. Make sure you get it right in the beginning!
___39___ You may choose one of the two ways to start your project plan, either building everything from the bottom up or starting from the top and going down. The former case is usually the more difficult way to start; it would require you to know all the details of the project before you start the plan. The latter is usually the better way to start. ___40___ Once you’ve done this, you can look at each individual entry and try to specify the details concerning it.
A. Where do you start?
B. Now let’s talk about how to carry out your project plan.
C. It will help you start with a general overview of the project.
D. If you can find such a place in your home, that would be perfect.
E. It is certainly true that not having a purpose will result in failure.
F. To successfully carry out a project, we need to make a project plan.
G. Make sure it’s understandable by all parties involved including yourself.
【答案】36. F 37. D 38. G 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完成一个项目时，应该注意的几个方面。从选择开始的方式、地点，到理解项目，每一个步骤都很重要。
【36题详解】
下文“Believe it or not, the location in which you plan your project plays an important role.(信不信由你，你计划项目的位置起着重要的作用)”提到关键词plan your project“计划项目”，空处承上启下，也需要与做计划有关。F项“为了成功地实施一个项目，我们需要制定一个项目计划。”中make a project plan与后文为近义替换，并带有原词复现。故选F项。
【37题详解】
下文“If you for some reason cannot, there are other locations available such as the library, your work office and so on.(如果你因为某种原因找不到，还有其他地方可以去，比如图书馆，你的办公室等等)”提到为项目做计划时可以去的地点，空处起到引领下文的作用，也需要与地点有关。D项“如果你能在家里找到这样一个地方，那就太完美了。”符合文意。故选D项。
【38题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。下文“If the purpose isn’t well explained it could lead to some confusions in the future as well as loss of time and money. Make sure you get it right in the beginning!(如果没有很好地解释目的，将来可能会导致一些混乱以及时间和金钱的损失。确保你一开始就做对了！)”强调解释清楚目的的重要性，可以帮助我们减少混乱和损失，空处也需要与解释、理解项目有关。G项“确保包括你自己在内的各方都能理解。”中understandable和well explained为近义替换，符合文意。故选G项。
【39题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。下文“You may choose one of the two ways to start your project plan, either building everything from the bottom up or starting from the top and going down.(你可以选择两种方法中的一种来开始你的项目计划，要么从下往上建造一切，要么从上往下开始)”讲述了开始项目计划的两种方式，空处主旨句统领整段也是讲解开始的方式。A项“你从哪里开始？”符合段意。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“The latter is usually the better way to start.(后者通常是更好的开始方式)”讲到后者是更好的开始方式，由此可以推测出，后文应简单说明为什么这样开始比较好。C项“它将帮助你对项目有一个总体的概述。”符合文意，It指代“后者开始方式”。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
About a month ago I noticed something really amazing, which I must call a garden miracle(奇迹). It so happened that when I ___41___ the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house where I ___42___my garden supplies during the long, severe New England winter, I found, in one of the dirt-filled pots, a living, growing plant, topped with two of the most unlikely pink ___43___you’ve ever seen.
How was this ___44___? The unheated space had been closed all winter, and it was still cold outside. Once I caught my breath, I ___45___and discovered something approaching a reasonable explanation-there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors, and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot, giving the plant just enough light and warmth to___46___ it to grow in its own personal greenhouse.
I can’t help feeling___47___ at the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach.
For one thing, I am moved by the happenstance(巧合) of the whole thing. If I had ___48___my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot, the plant might not have gotten that___49___ray of light. If I had ____50____ the roots of the plant in late fall, there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot.
But there’s something else that____51____me about this-just how little light and____52____it took for this plant to grow and flower. I’m not____53____ we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we_____54_____for others and for ourselves. But isn’t it comforting to think that just a drop of____55____can brighten a day, a place, a life?
When it comes to positivity, a little goes a long way. Just ask my little miracle plant.
41. A. approached B. shut C. opened D. knocked
42. A. need B. provide C. receive D. keep
43. A. sticks B. branches C. roots D. flowers
44. A. essential B. possible C. significant D. different
45. A. stepped aside B. stepped away C. looked down D. looked around
46. A. request B. enable C. instruct D. intend
47. A. excited B. puzzled C. amazed D. amused
48. A. put B. found C. measured D. missed
49. A. broad B. soft C. strong D. narrow
50. A. pulled out B. cared for C. thought about D. brought in
51. A. requires B. cheers C. inspires D. changes
52. A. attention B. warmth C. time D. effort
53. A. expecting B. imagining C. doubting D. saying
54. A. experience B. do C. accept D. remember
55. A. water B. encouragement C. sunshine D. support
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。冬天的一缕阳光从作者家储藏室门上的小窗户照射进来，照在一个花盆上，慢慢地花盆里面长出了一株植物，开出了几朵鲜花。作者感叹：一缕阳光，就可以让人一天心花怒放，就可以维持生命的存在。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. approached靠近；B. shut关闭；C. opened打开；D. knocked撞。根据“the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house”可知，作者是打开储物间的双扇门后发现了正在生长的植物。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. need需要；B. provide提供；C. receive收到；D. keep保存。根据“my garden supplies during the long, severe New England winter”可知，小储藏区是作者用来存放园艺用品的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. sticks枝条；B. branches树枝；C. roots树根；D. flowers花。根据“But there’s something else that___11___me about this-just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，植物开放出粉红色花朵。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这怎么可能呢? A. essential重要的；B. possible可能的；C. significant有意义的；D. different不同的。根据“The unheated space had been closed all winter, and it was still cold outside.”可知，作者认为这种植物在寒冷的冬天生长并开花是不可能的。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：等我喘过气来，我环顾四周，发现了一些接近合理的解释——在双层门的顶部有一扇小玻璃窗，有可能是一缕阳光直射在花盆上，给了植物足够的光和温暖，使它能够在自己的温室里生长。A. stepped aside让开一点；B. stepped away走开；C. looked down俯视；D. looked around向四周看。根据“and discovered something approaching a reasonable explanation-there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors,”可知，作者环顾四周，发现了门顶有个小玻璃窗。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：等我喘过气来，我环顾四周，发现了一些接近合理的解释——在双层门的顶部有一扇小玻璃窗，有可能是一缕阳光直射在花盆上，给了植物足够的光和温暖，使它能够在自己的温室里生长。A. request请求；B. enable使能够；C. instruct指导；D. intend 打算。根据“it to grow in its own personal greenhouse.”可知，足够的光和温暖，使植物能够在自己的温室里生长。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不禁对这种奇妙的植物所传授的知识感到惊讶。A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. amused愉快的。根据“the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach.”可知，作者不禁对这种奇妙的植物所传授的知识感到惊讶。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我把花盆放在那个地方的左边或右边6英寸的地方，植物可能就得不到那微弱的光线了。A. put放置；B. found发现；C. measured衡量；D. missed错过。根据“my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot,”可知，这里指作者把花盆放置的位置。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我把花盆放在那个地方的左边或右边6英寸的地方，植物可能就得不到那微弱的光线了。A. broad宽的；B. soft柔软的；C. strong强壮的；D. narrow狭窄的。 narrow ray of light微弱的光线。根据上文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot,”和“If I had ___8___my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot,”可知，微弱的光线照射到植物上。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我在深秋拔掉了植物的根，花盆里就只剩下泥土了。A. pulled out拔出；B. cared for照顾；C. thought about考虑；D. brought in引进。根据“there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot.”可知，如果拔出植物的根，花盆里就只剩下泥土了。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但还有其他一些东西激发了我的灵感——这种植物生长和开花所需要的光线和温暖是多么少。A. requires要求；B. cheers欢呼；C. inspires启发；D. changes改变。根据“just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，这里指这启发了作者的思考。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但还有其他一些东西激发了我的灵感——这种植物生长和开花所需要的光线和温暖是多么少。A. attention关注；B. warmth温暖；C. time时间；D. effort努力。warmth在此处指阳光的温暖。根据上文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot, giving the plant just enough light and warmth”可知，作者在思考这株植物生长需要的温暖很少。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是说我们应该吝啬我们为他人和自己所做的爱、善良和所有其他温暖的事情。A. expecting期望；B. imagining想象；C. doubting怀疑；D. saying说。根据“we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we____14____for others and for ourselves.”可知，动词say后接宾语从句时可以用来表达观点和见解。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是说我们应该吝啬我们为他人和自己所做的爱、善良和所有其他温暖的事情。A. experience经历；B. do做；C. accept接受；D. remember记得。根据“for others and for ourselves.”可知，此处表示“我们”为别人和自己所做的其他所有暖心的事情。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，只要想到一缕阳光就能照亮一天，照亮一个地方，照亮一个生命，难道不是一件令人欣慰的事吗?A. water水；B. encouragement鼓励；C. sunshine阳光；D. support支持。根据“just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，一缕阳光，就可以让人一天心花怒放，就可以维持生命的存在。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Higher density (密度) neighborhoods can lead to benefits for the environment and public health, argues Dr. Tom Logan, ___56___University of Canterbury lecturer.
Dr. Logan says the government should be aiming ___57___ (achieve) the “15-minute city” goal. This involves creating neighborhoods where residents can get to shops, restaurants, recreation areas and services within a 15-minute walk, bike ride, ___58___ by travelling on public transport. When more people can bike, walk or take public transport to their destinations, ___59___(pollute) from cars is reduced and there are benefits for people’s physical and mental health.
Accessible cities are also safer and more ___60___(attract) because there are more people around, Dr. Logan says. Residents are more likely to go out with friends when restaurants and bars are closer to where they live, ___61___(bring) economic benefits for businesses.
However, Dr. Logan says many people are opposed to higher density housing.
“Density, when it’s done right, ___62___we see in parts of Europe, the United States and Asia, is where it can lead to safer and ___63___(healthy) residents and neighborhoods that ___64___(be) full of life. ”
“Creating that is one of our big ____65____(challenge). Not everyone has to live in this way but it’s about giving people the option, so they can live somewhere where they don’t have to drive all the time.”
【答案】56. a 57. to achieve
58. or 59. pollution
60. attractive
61. bringing
62. which##as
63. healthier
64. are 65. challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了坎特伯雷大学讲师汤姆·洛根博士的观点，他认为高密度的社区可以为环境和公共健康带来好处。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：坎特伯雷大学讲师汤姆·洛根博士认为，高密度的社区可以为环境和公共健康带来好处。此处泛指“一个坎特伯雷大学的讲师”，应用不定冠词，University是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：洛根博士表示，政府应该致力于实现“15分钟城市”的目标。固定搭配aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”。故填to achieve。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：这涉及到创建居民可以步行15分钟、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具前往商店、餐馆、娱乐区和服务的社区。根据句意可知，此处是一种选择，意为“或者”，应用连词or。故填or。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：当更多的人可以骑车、步行或乘坐公共交通工具前往目的地时，汽车的污染就会减少，对人们的身心健康也有好处。此处作主语，应用名词pollution，抽象名词，不可数。故填pollution。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：洛根博士说，无障碍城市也更安全、更有吸引力，因为周围有更多的人。此处作表语，应用形容词attractive。故填attractive。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当餐馆和酒吧离他们居住的地方更近时，居民更可能与朋友外出，为企业带来经济效益。此处表示自然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填bringing。
62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是主句陈述的内容，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或as“正如”引导。故填which或as。
【63题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处与safer是并列成分，应用形容词比较级，作定语。故填healthier。
【64题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，关系代词that替代先行词neighborhoods，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用复数。故填are。
【65题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：创造这是我们最大的挑战之一。固定搭配one of+名词复数“……之一”。故填challenges。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你们计划暑假进行一次以保护生态为目的的生态旅游(eco-tour)，你在澳大利亚的朋友Mark也是生态旅游爱好者，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你们的暑假计划；
2. 在生态旅游过程中打算做事及其相应理由；
3. 请Mark提供一些建议和经验。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mark,
We plan to go on an eco-tour during the summer vacation. What we will do on the tour is to pick up the rubbish left behind by tourists. While we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should also help to take care of it. Besides, we will make every effort to appeal to tourists as well as local people to stop killing wild animals for food. As you know, humans and animals share the same planet, and never should we hurt them.
I know you are an eco-tour lover, so would you please offer us some advice and share with us your experience in eco-tour? I would greatly appreciate it.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给澳大利亚的朋友Mark写封信，介绍暑假即将进行的以保护生态为目的的生态旅游并寻求建议及经验。
【详解】1.词汇积累
继续：go on→carry on
除此之外：Besides→In addition
照顾：take care of→look after
一些建议：some advice→some suggestions
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We plan to go on an eco-tour during the summer vacation.
拓展句：We plan to go on an eco-tour which will be very interesting during the summer vacation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What we will do on the tour is to pick up the rubbish left behind by tourists. (运用了what引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] While we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should also help to take care of it. (运用了while引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alice had just been appointed in the multinational bank. After one month of severe training, today was her first day to go to work.
She got up a bit earlier than usual, and decided to skip her gym workout as she did not want to risk being tired or getting late to her office on her first day. She went through her morning routine and spent a lot of time in selecting what to wear. None of her dresses seemed to appeal to her—they were either a little too casual or too dull and she definitely wanted to make an impression right from the start. Finally she settled on the white embroidered (刺绣的) dress.
She waved bye to her mom and set off cheerfully towards the bus stop. But she saw a bus leaving the stop just as she crossed the street. Now she would have to wait for a good 15 minutes. 15 minutes passed and then 30 minutes and there was no sign of the bus. “It must be stuck in heavy traffic”, a kind lady who was also waiting for the bus told her. Hearing that, Alice got anxious. She had to reach her office on time. Then she saw a taxi approaching but when she tried to stop it, the taxi driver sped by without even taking a glance at her. Alice was wondering what she could do.
It was then that a car stopped near her and a man waved to her. The driver asked her where she was going and after Alice told him that she was going to the bank at Nariman Point, the man said “Oh, my office is in the nearby building. Can I give you a lift?” Alice hesitated for a moment and got into the car. They exchanged names and began to talk for a while. Then the driver switched on the radio and was absorbed in the song. Alice looked out of the window and imagined her first day at work, worrying whether she was capable of the new job, and if she could get along well with her colleagues. After about ten minutes, Alice realized they were not on the familiar route to her office.
注意:续写词数应为150左右；
Paragraph 1:
She began to worry that she might get into the car of a bad man.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Then the car turned around a corner and Alice saw the tall building where her office was unexpectedly.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
She began to worry that she might get into the car of a bad man. So she asked cautiously whether they were going to her bank. The driver said that they took a new shortcut, as there was usually heavy traffic on the other one at this hour, and continued his song. That made some sense and Alice didn't say anything more. Another fifteen minutes passed, and the road was even stranger for her. That man was driving speedily and Alice became more and more anxious. She decided that when the car next stopped at the traffic lights, she would jump out.
Paragraph 2:
Then the car turned around a corner and Alice saw the tall building where her office was unexpectedly. She breathed a sigh of relief. Within minutes, they reached the gate of the building. "Here we are!" the driver pulled up and said. Alice got out of the car, her face turning red. She felt quite sorry for having doubted the driver. She believed there were indeed more kind people in the world. She said, "Thank you very much!", with a big smile, and hurried to her office with great expectation. She knew she would have a good day.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了刚刚被任命到跨国银行的女孩Alice，顺利通过严苛的训练，即将走上工作岗位。在第一天上班路上遇到交通拥堵，未能及时搭上公交车，情急之下搭上一位陌生人的顺风车，在对司机的信任与怀疑中纠结，并在最后及时到达公司的事情。
【详解】段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她开始担心自己可能上了坏人的车。”可知，第一段可描写女孩Alice认为自己可能遇到坏人的忐忑的心理活动，以及判断司机是坏人的线索。
②有第二段首句“然后汽车拐了个弯，爱丽丝看到了她办公室所在的高楼。”可知，第二段可描写峰回路转之后，Alice的欣喜之感。另外，对于怀疑司机的愧疚之感以及对司机的感激之情。
续写线索：被任命——选衣服——交通拥堵——搭顺风车——怀疑——担忧——感谢
词汇激活
行为类
①决定：decide/settle on
②看：see/look/take a glance at/glance at/stare at/glare at
③担忧：get/become anxious/worry
情绪类
①开心：cheerfully、say…with a big smile/do…with great expectation
②如释重负：breath/heave a sigh of relief/feel a sense of relief
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was then that a car stopped near her and a man waved to her.（It was…that…为强调句）
[高分句型2] Alice got out of the car, her face turning red.（turning为非谓语动词作伴随状语）
[高分句型3]Alice looked out of the window and imagined her first day at work, worrying whether she was capable of the new job, and if she could get along well with her colleagues.（worrying为非谓语动词作伴随状语）
长郡中学2023届高三月考试卷(四)
英语
本试题卷共10页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Which language can Robert speak well?
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Robert is really good at languages. He is fluent in French, and now he’s learning German.
M: He also knows a little Russian. And I hear that he even wants to learn Chinese.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: You really must have had a good time!
W: I did, but it’s more than that. Everything there seemed so different and so strange.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the time now?
A. About 10: 05. B. About 10: 10. C. About 10: 15.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Good morning. I’d like some information about the bus, please.
W: Yes, sir. Where are you going?
M: When is the next bus to London, please?
W: At a quarter past ten. That’s in about ten minutes.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is the woman?
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: How did you like the food here?
W: Better than I expected. I didn’t know Chinese food was so good.
M: Are you going back on the Wednesday flight?
W: Yes.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man own?
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: When are you leaving for Germany?
M: I don’t know. This is really difficult. I don’t know what to do about the flat.
W: Is it yours? Do you own it?
M: No, I rent it. But all the furniture is mine.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What does the woman say about buying the car?
A. She doesn’t like the car.
B. The price is not reasonable.
C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager?
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1, 000.
C. To get the price down another $2, 000.
【答案】6. C 7. B
【解析】
【原文】W: That’s a fair price. The problem is. I can’t afford it right now, even though it’s a good deal. I guess I’ll look for something cheaper.
M: You could. and you like this car. right? Tell you what. If I could get the price down another S 500. would that be affordable for you?
W: $ 500? Well. that would certainly help. If you could get it down another $ 1.000, I’d definitely buy it.
M: OK.I need to talk with my manager. Please wait here a few moments. Would you like any coffee or tea?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning?
A. Eat in the restaurant.
B. Go to the local beach.
C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History Museum?
A. Near the beach.
B. Next to the restaurant.
C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down?
A. It’s relaxing.
B. It’s wonderful.
C. It’s impossible.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【原文】M: There are so many places to go on our sightseeing trip that I am having trouble narrowing it down.
W: Let’s figure out what to do before lunch and what to do in the afternoon.
M: I heard that the local beach is a place that can’t be missed.
W: That would be a relaxing way to begin our morning. It would be good to get out in the sun.
M: The Natural History Museum is close by, isn’t it?
W: Yes. It is supposed to be fantastic!
M: Do you have any suggestions as to where we could go in the afternoon?
W; We could check out the local amusement park.
M: We could eat dinner and watch the sun go down at that restaurant by the park.
W: That could really end up being a great day!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Who is the man?
A. The interviewer.
B. The manager.
C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job?
A. It is interesting.
B. It is well paid.
C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job?
A. She will not get the job.
B. She has already got the job.
C. She will probably get the job.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Grace. Did you have any trouble getting here today?
W: No, I was fine, thank you.
M: Well, we are glad to have you join the team, Grace.
W: Wait. I already have the job?
M: Of course not! I was just saying that if we were to hire you, we would be happy that we had. The job pays good money, and you would be lucky if we were to offer it to you. Do you have any questions?
W: Um...What exactly would I be doing?
M: Anyway, your salary would not depend on your selling things. Anything else?
W: Uh, no, I guess not.
M: Well, I suppose we’re done here! I, of course, have to check with the manager, but you seem like the perfect person for the job.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. When does the girl think about seeing a movie?
A. On Wednesday morning.
B. On Wednesday evening.
C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night?
A. The girl has piano lessons.
B. The girl has to babysit.
C. The show time is too late.
16. Which movie showing can the girl see?
A. The five o’clock showing.
B. The seven o’clock showing.
C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place?
A. On Monday.
B. On Wednesday.
C. On Thursday.
【答案】14. C 15. C 16. A 17. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Dad, can I go to a movie this week with Janet?
M: Okay. When are you thinking about going to a movie?
W: Uh, we’re thinking about seeing a movie on Wednesday after school.
M: Well, that’s not going to work. You have piano lessons after school and then you have to babysit for the neighbors until 9:00.
W: Umm, what about Friday night? I checked the paper, and there’s a midnight showing.
M: Uh-uh, too late. Forget that idea.
W: And Saturday?
M: Well. let me check the paper for show times.
W: Can I go see the nine o’clock showing?
M: The five o’clock showing?
W: How about the seven o’clock showing?
M: Sorry, but I want you to get to bed early that night.
W: Okay.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. When do swallows return?
A. At the end of March.
B. At the beginning of summer.
C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December?
A. In Argentina.
B. In San Diego.
C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return?
A. They can watch birds again.
B. They know spring is coming.
C. They know there will be snow soon.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】Bird Watching in the United States
Hello, everyone. Today, I’ll talk about bird watching in the United States.
One of the best places for bird watching is San Juan Capistrano. It is not far from San Diego. Thousands of people go to visit this town. It is as old as the United States. The favorite day to be there is March 19. This is the day when the swallows return.
Swallows are small birds with beautiful, long tails. They fly every year from Argentina and always arrive on the same date. People wait all day to watch for them. First, they just see a few swallows. Then more of the birds arrive. Soon the sky is full of them.
On October 23, the swallows leave San Juan Capistrano. They fly back to Argentina. When it is cold in California it is hot in Argentina. That is why these interesting birds live in two different countries. They like to be where the weather is warm.
Many Americans like to watch birds. In the eastern states, where the winters are very cold. the most popular bird is the robin. No one hears its happy song when the snow begins to fall in November. The robins fly to Mexico to find warm weather. After a few months the robins return and the people are happy to see them. The people know that spring is near.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Travel with Kids to Pittsburgh
This is an exciting time to visit Pittsburgh. The city and surrounding region is now perfect for family fun. Here are some of Pittsburgh’s must-visit family attractions:
Eat Pie at Sand Hill Berries
The homemade pies at Sand Hill Berries are better than what’s found on any kids menu, and everyone loves fresh fruit pie! The family farm has been growing strawberries and blackberries since 1981, using the fruit for homemade jams and pies. It’s worth a drive to the farm’s lovely outdoor Cabin Cafe. Kids and adults will enjoy a slice of pie in what feels like a secret garden.
Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh
For active kids with energy to burn, the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh is a perfect place. Kids can play in the Garage—an interactive area that includes a parachute (降落伞) launcher and toy car raceways. At the Makeshop, kids use skills to create a take-home piece of woodworking or sewing. Museum exhibits change often and make for fresh repeat visits.
Fort Ligonier
History comes to life at Fort Ligonier, a re-created fort (兵营) from the French and Indian War located in Ligonier—about an hour’s drive east of the city. Here, kids can learn about George Washington—he served at the fort more than 250 years ago! Costumed (装扮的) soldiers demonstrate daily life, including welcoming visitors to where they slept, ate and prepared for battle. In October, the village of Ligonier hosts the annual Fort Ligonier Days with live music, performances, fireworks and more.
Just Ducky Tour
Pittsburgh’s Just Ducky Tour takes riders from land to water on one boat! The jeep-like boats start on land for a driving tour of the business and cultural districts of downtown, before driving into the river! The tour guide makes an effort to tell fun stories about the landmarks. Kids will love the group participation and enjoy the excitement of driving right into the river!
21. Where can kids make things with their own hands?
A. At Fort Ligonier.
B. On Just Ducky Tour.
C. At Sand Hill Berries.
D. In the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh.
22. What can visitors see at Fort Ligonier in summer?
A. Costumed soldiers.
B. George Washington.
C. The French and Indian War.
D. Performances by the villagers.
23. How is Just Ducky Tour different from the other tours?
A. It is kid-friendly.
B. It is a historic site.
C. It offers delicious food.
D. It involves both land and water.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了匹兹堡适合全家去的景点。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh部分的“At the Makeshop, kids use skills to create a take-home piece of woodworking or sewing.(在Makeshop，孩子们使用技能制作一件带回家的木工或缝纫作品)”可知，在Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh孩子们可以动手自己制作东西。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fort Ligonier部分的“Costumed (装扮的) soldiers demonstrate daily life, including welcoming visitors to where they slept, ate and prepared for battle. (身着盛装的士兵展示了日常生活，包括欢迎游客到他们睡觉、吃饭和准备战斗的地方)”可知，夏天游客可以在Fort Ligonier看到身着盛装的士兵。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Just Ducky Tour部分的“Pittsburgh’s Just Ducky Tour takes riders from land to water on one boat! (匹兹堡的“Just Ducky之旅”让游客乘坐一艘船从陆地到水中!)”并结合其他景点可知，Just Ducky Tour和其他旅行的不同之处是它包括水陆。故选D。
B
What’s your favorite insect? It’s an odd question that many people may not be able to answer. But UA Honors College student Matt Velazquez certainly can. Ants have always fascinated him. He loves studying their behavior almost as much as he loves filmmaking.
Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants. The film recently achieved first place at The Scientific Research Society competition.
Then Velazquez noticed that a colony (群) of ants called trap-jaw ants occasionally make mysterious buzzing sounds, which he set out to explore.
“It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained. “I wanted to find out the role of sound communication in a colony of trap-jaw ants. Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?”
Velazquez started by collecting a sample of the ants and analyzing sound bites to see how often the buzzing occurred.
He then color-coded ants from different colonies and buried the workers in different layers of dirt. The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.
It turns out, Velazquez has discovered that these ants communicate at a frequency in the ultrasonic (超声波的) range, which is simnilar to bats. He is currently in the process of building a microphone sensitive enough to pick up these tiny insect calls and also be able to pick up the ultrasonic frequencies.
When asked what advice he has for incoming students who are unsure about getting involved in research, Velazquez recommended the Honors College First Year Project.
“It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research,” he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself.”
24. What is the film made by Velazquez mainly about?
A. Different ant colonies.
B Ants that help each other.
C. Ants that don’t do active tasks.
D. Sound communication between ants.
25. What did Velazquez intend to find out with the ants he collected?
A. How they worked with other ants.
B. What other ants they would help.
C. When they would help other ants.
D. How often they received sound signals.
26. Why did Velazquez color-code the ants?
A. To bury the workers in the dirt.
B. To see how far ants would travel.
C. To record interaction between colonies.
D. To identify ants from different colonies.
27. What does Velazquez say about a research project?
A. It contributes much to your studies.
B. It helps to recognize your potential ability.
C. You may learn a lot of new things from it.
D. You will have to spend a lot of time on it.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是昆虫爱好者Velazquez热衷于蚂蚁研究，并且完成了一部纪录片的拍摄，并开始探索一群被称为“陷阱颚蚁”发出的神秘的嗡嗡声，并指出参加“the Honors College First Year Project”这一项目能识别你自己在研究领域的潜能。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Velazquez has already completed one documentary film, “Lazy Ants”, which documents research on inactivity in ants.(Velazquez已经完成了一部纪录片“懒蚂蚁”，记录了对蚂蚁不活动的研究。)”可知，这部纪录片讲述的是对这群蚂蚁的不活跃的行为进行的研究。故选C项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的““It’s very rare in the animal kingdom for organisms to help other organisms, especially in insects,” Velazquez explained.(“在动物王国中，生物体帮助其他生物是非常罕见的，尤其是在昆虫中，”Velazquez解释说。)”可知，生物体帮助其它生物体是很难见的事情，所以Velazquez要一探究竟，根据下文中的一系列问题“Would these ants help other workers trapped in the dirt using sound signals? Would an ant from Colony A rescue an ant from Colony B, or would it only help ants from its own colony?(这些蚂蚁会用声音信号帮助其他被困在泥土中的工蚁吗？来自蚁群A的蚂蚁会拯救来自蚁群B的一只蚂蚁，还是只会帮助来自自己蚁群的蚂蚁？”)”可知，Velazquez想要用它收集来的这些蚂蚁研究这些蚂蚁会帮助其他什么蚂蚁。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“The goal was to see how far down the noise would travel, and if the ants would understand the sound from different colonies.(目标是看看噪音会传播多远，以及蚂蚁是否能理解来自不同蚁群的声音。)”可知，Velazquez为了判断声音传多远，需要给蚂蚁涂上颜色区别来自不同蚁群的蚂蚁，这样才能判断声音传送的距离。故选D项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s an awesome way to see if you even like the field of research, " he said. “It’s definitely worth your time to potentially discover something new about yourself. ”(“这是一个很棒的方法，看看你是否喜欢这个研究领域，”他说。“绝对值得你花时间去发现一些关于自己的新东西。”)”可知，这项研究项目“the Honors College First Year Project”可以识别你是否喜欢研究这一领域，值得花时间去挖掘自己的潜能。故选B项。
C
Childhood is a time of limitless possibilities. And old age is the time of wisdom. But for children who face the monster(恶魔)of cancer, their lives are fast- forwarded into profound wisdom. Not only do they have hand-to-hand struggle with the limits of life, they face it with raw truth1 and courage. For them, life is hard- won yet full of unbelievable hope, and is to be lived to the fullest.
We have much to learn from these children.
That’s what art therapist(治疗专家), Lisa Murray, believed as she worked to help children with cancer to release their feelings through their drawings, which have turned into a book, Angels & Monsters.
Murray found that in their struggle, kids would tell her constantly, “I’m just a regular kid; I just want to play, to go to school, to go outside. . . I just happen to have cancer. ”
She was moved and inspired by their simple will to survive. The children were facing the disease head on. She saw some powerful images in their artwork. “What courage it takes to do that, ” said Murray.
Murray selected 25 children aged 13 months to 18 years. She asked the four- year-olds and up, “If you could tell the world what it is like to have cancer, what would you say, what would you draw?” For two- to three-year-olds, she asked, “What do you want to tell people about yourself?” And for the youngest, she just took their handprints. “It’s such a human expression, ‘Here’s my mark, ‘” said Murray.
She then asked them about their pictures, and wrote down exactly what they said. This gave the artwork a powerful voice. Coupled with Murray’s photographs of the children in the book, the three forms of expression leave both a permanent record and lasting impression with the viewer.
As a therapist, Murray doesn’t give the kids the impression that the drawing process is right or wrong. Whatever they draw is unconditionally acceptable. “Children play, they draw, and that’s the natural language of children. That’s why art therapy is so wonderful, ”she said.
28. Why does Murray ask children with cancer to draw pictures?
A. To help them to gain wisdom.
B. To help them deal with cancer.
C. To turn the pictures into a book.
D. To let people know more about them.
29. What are “the three forms of expression” about the children?
A. Their drawings, their voices and the book.
B. Their drawings, their handprints and the book.
C. Their drawings, their words and the photos of them.
D. Their drawings, Murray’s questions and the children’s answers.
30. What does Murray do in the process of the children drawing pictures?
A. She lets them draw whatever they like.
B. She teaches them how to draw naturally.
C. She gives them advice about what to draw.
D. She makes sure what they draw are acceptable.
31. What are children with cancer like in the eyes of Murray?
A They are energetic and active.
B. They are wise and hardworking.
C. They are courageous and optimistic.
D. They are thoughtful and kind-hearted.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了艺术治疗专家丽莎·默里（Lisa Murray）致力于帮助患有癌症的儿童通过他们的绘画来释放他们的情感，这些绘画已经被写成了一本书《天使与怪物》。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“That’s what art therapist(治疗专家), Lisa Murray, believed as she worked to help children with cancer to release their feelings through their drawings……”（这就是艺术治疗专家丽莎·默里在帮助癌症儿童通过绘画释放情感时所相信的。）可知丽莎·默里让患有癌症的孩子画画是为了帮助她们应对癌症。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She then asked them about their pictures, and wrote down exactly what they said. Coupled with Murray’s photographs of the children in the book, the three forms of expression leave both a permanent record and lasting impression with the viewer.”（然后她问他们关于他们的绘画作品，并准确地写下他们说的话。再加上Murray在书中对孩子们的照片，这三种表现形式给观众留下了永久的记录和持久的印象。）可知绘画，孩子们写的话，以及他们的照片是三种表现形式。故选C项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As a therapist, Murray doesn’t give the kids the impression that the drawing process is right or wrong. Whatever they draw is unconditionally acceptable. ”（作为一名治疗师，默里不会给孩子们留下画画过程是对是错的印象。无论他们画什么，都是无条件接受的。）可知在孩子画画过程中，默里让孩子画他们想画的任何事物。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Murray found that in their struggle, kids would tell her constantly, “I’m just a regular kid; I just want to play, to go to school, to go outside. . . I just happen to have cancer. ” ”（默里发现，在他们的挣扎中，孩子们会不断地告诉她，“我只是一个普通的孩子;我只想玩，想上学，想出去……我只是碰巧得了癌症。”）可知，这些患有癌症的孩子很乐观；第五段“She was moved and inspired by their simple will to survive. The children were facing the disease head on. She saw some powerful images in their artwork. “What courage it takes to do that, ” said Murray.”（她被他们求生的朴素意志所感动和鼓舞。孩子们正直面疾病。她在他们的艺术作品中看到了一些强有力的形象。默里说:“这样做需要多大的勇气。）可知，孩子们很勇敢。故选C项。
D
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
32. According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making?
A. Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B. Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C. Wondering who will make a decision.
D. Wondering how to help make a decision.
33. What was the purpose of the unstable block?
A. To create a fast-changing situation.
B. To train participants to respond to changes.
C. To make the video game more challenging.
D. To help those with anxiety make decisions.
34. Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes?
A. To improve decision-making.
B. To remember the achievements.
C. To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D. To avoid making difficult decisions.
35. What advice can be given according to the study?
A. Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B. Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C. Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D. Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定。一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. (患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助。)”可知根据文章，影响决策的一项是不确定会发生什么，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. (另一个是不稳定的，在另一个阶段中，每20次试验中，获得奖励的概率较高的形状就会发生变化。因此，在不稳定的区块中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整自己的反应。)”可知不稳定区块的目的是创造快速变化的局面，故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. (Sonia Bishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手)”可知Sonia Bishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策。故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. (现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定。)”可知这项研究可以给出的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁，故选D。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all have projects that need to be finished. ___36___
Believe it or not, the location in which you plan your project plays an important role. A crowded place means distractions (分心) which certainly means that you will miss out important things which should have been included in the plan. That’s why I urge you to sit down and make this plan in a location where you can focus. ___37___ If you for some reason cannot, there are other locations available such as the library, your work office and so on.
Do you know well about the actual purpose of the project? It’s not uncommon that people forget to outline the exact purpose of the project in explicit terms.
___38___ If the purpose isn’t well explained, it could lead to some confusions in the future as well as loss of time and money. Make sure you get it right in the beginning!
___39___ You may choose one of the two ways to start your project plan, either building everything from the bottom up or starting from the top and going down. The former case is usually the more difficult way to start; it would require you to know all the details of the project before you start the plan. The latter is usually the better way to start. ___40___ Once you’ve done this, you can look at each individual entry and try to specify the details concerning it.
A. Where do you start?
B. Now let’s talk about how to carry out your project plan.
C. It will help you start with a general overview of the project.
D. If you can find such a place in your home, that would be perfect.
E. It is certainly true that not having a purpose will result in failure.
F. To successfully carry out a project, we need to make a project plan.
G. Make sure it’s understandable by all parties involved including yourself.
【答案】36. F 37. D 38. G 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了完成一个项目时，应该注意的几个方面。从选择开始的方式、地点，到理解项目，每一个步骤都很重要。
【36题详解】
下文“Believe it or not, the location in which you plan your project plays an important role.(信不信由你，你计划项目的位置起着重要的作用)”提到关键词plan your project“计划项目”，空处承上启下，也需要与做计划有关。F项“为了成功地实施一个项目，我们需要制定一个项目计划。”中make a project plan与后文为近义替换，并带有原词复现。故选F项。
【37题详解】
下文“If you for some reason cannot, there are other locations available such as the library, your work office and so on.(如果你因为某种原因找不到，还有其他地方可以去，比如图书馆，你的办公室等等)”提到为项目做计划时可以去的地点，空处起到引领下文的作用，也需要与地点有关。D项“如果你能在家里找到这样一个地方，那就太完美了。”符合文意。故选D项。
【38题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。下文“If the purpose isn’t well explained it could lead to some confusions in the future as well as loss of time and money. Make sure you get it right in the beginning!(如果没有很好地解释目的，将来可能会导致一些混乱以及时间和金钱的损失。确保你一开始就做对了！)”强调解释清楚目的的重要性，可以帮助我们减少混乱和损失，空处也需要与解释、理解项目有关。G项“确保包括你自己在内的各方都能理解。”中understandable和well explained为近义替换，符合文意。故选G项。
【39题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。下文“You may choose one of the two ways to start your project plan, either building everything from the bottom up or starting from the top and going down.(你可以选择两种方法中的一种来开始你的项目计划，要么从下往上建造一切，要么从上往下开始)”讲述了开始项目计划的两种方式，空处主旨句统领整段也是讲解开始的方式。A项“你从哪里开始？”符合段意。故选A项。
【40题详解】
上文“The latter is usually the better way to start.(后者通常是更好的开始方式)”讲到后者是更好的开始方式，由此可以推测出，后文应简单说明为什么这样开始比较好。C项“它将帮助你对项目有一个总体的概述。”符合文意，It指代“后者开始方式”。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
About a month ago I noticed something really amazing, which I must call a garden miracle(奇迹). It so happened that when I ___41___ the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house where I ___42___my garden supplies during the long, severe New England winter, I found, in one of the dirt-filled pots, a living, growing plant, topped with two of the most unlikely pink ___43___you’ve ever seen.
How was this ___44___? The unheated space had been closed all winter, and it was still cold outside. Once I caught my breath, I ___45___and discovered something approaching a reasonable explanation-there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors, and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot, giving the plant just enough light and warmth to___46___ it to grow in its own personal greenhouse.
I can’t help feeling___47___ at the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach.
For one thing, I am moved by the happenstance(巧合) of the whole thing. If I had ___48___my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot, the plant might not have gotten that___49___ray of light. If I had ____50____ the roots of the plant in late fall, there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot.
But there’s something else that____51____me about this-just how little light and____52____it took for this plant to grow and flower. I’m not____53____ we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we_____54_____for others and for ourselves. But isn’t it comforting to think that just a drop of____55____can brighten a day, a place, a life?
When it comes to positivity, a little goes a long way. Just ask my little miracle plant.
41. A. approached B. shut C. opened D. knocked
42. A. need B. provide C. receive D. keep
43. A. sticks B. branches C. roots D. flowers
44. A. essential B. possible C. significant D. different
45. A. stepped aside B. stepped away C. looked down D. looked around
46. A. request B. enable C. instruct D. intend
47. A. excited B. puzzled C. amazed D. amused
48. A. put B. found C. measured D. missed
49. A. broad B. soft C. strong D. narrow
50. A. pulled out B. cared for C. thought about D. brought in
51. A. requires B. cheers C. inspires D. changes
52. A. attention B. warmth C. time D. effort
53. A. expecting B. imagining C. doubting D. saying
54. A. experience B. do C. accept D. remember
55. A. water B. encouragement C. sunshine D. support
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。冬天的一缕阳光从作者家储藏室门上的小窗户照射进来，照在一个花盆上，慢慢地花盆里面长出了一株植物，开出了几朵鲜花。作者感叹：一缕阳光，就可以让人一天心花怒放，就可以维持生命的存在。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. approached靠近；B. shut关闭；C. opened打开；D. knocked撞。根据“the double doors of a small storage area in the back of my house”可知，作者是打开储物间的双扇门后发现了正在生长的植物。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. need需要；B. provide提供；C. receive收到；D. keep保存。根据“my garden supplies during the long, severe New England winter”可知，小储藏区是作者用来存放园艺用品的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我打开屋后一个小储藏区的两扇门时，我发现在一个满是泥土的花盆里，有一株正在生长的植物，上面有两朵你从未见过的最不可思议的粉红色花朵。在新英格兰漫长而严酷的冬天，我把我的园艺用品放在那里。A. sticks枝条；B. branches树枝；C. roots树根；D. flowers花。根据“But there’s something else that___11___me about this-just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，植物开放出粉红色花朵。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这怎么可能呢? A. essential重要的；B. possible可能的；C. significant有意义的；D. different不同的。根据“The unheated space had been closed all winter, and it was still cold outside.”可知，作者认为这种植物在寒冷的冬天生长并开花是不可能的。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：等我喘过气来，我环顾四周，发现了一些接近合理的解释——在双层门的顶部有一扇小玻璃窗，有可能是一缕阳光直射在花盆上，给了植物足够的光和温暖，使它能够在自己的温室里生长。A. stepped aside让开一点；B. stepped away走开；C. looked down俯视；D. looked around向四周看。根据“and discovered something approaching a reasonable explanation-there was a small glass window at the top of the double doors,”可知，作者环顾四周，发现了门顶有个小玻璃窗。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：等我喘过气来，我环顾四周，发现了一些接近合理的解释——在双层门的顶部有一扇小玻璃窗，有可能是一缕阳光直射在花盆上，给了植物足够的光和温暖，使它能够在自己的温室里生长。A. request请求；B. enable使能够；C. instruct指导；D. intend 打算。根据“it to grow in its own personal greenhouse.”可知，足够的光和温暖，使植物能够在自己的温室里生长。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不禁对这种奇妙的植物所传授的知识感到惊讶。A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. amazed惊讶的；D. amused愉快的。根据“the lessons this wonderful plant has to teach.”可知，作者不禁对这种奇妙的植物所传授的知识感到惊讶。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我把花盆放在那个地方的左边或右边6英寸的地方，植物可能就得不到那微弱的光线了。A. put放置；B. found发现；C. measured衡量；D. missed错过。根据“my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot,”可知，这里指作者把花盆放置的位置。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我把花盆放在那个地方的左边或右边6英寸的地方，植物可能就得不到那微弱的光线了。A. broad宽的；B. soft柔软的；C. strong强壮的；D. narrow狭窄的。 narrow ray of light微弱的光线。根据上文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot,”和“If I had ___8___my pot six inches to the left or right of that spot,”可知，微弱的光线照射到植物上。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我在深秋拔掉了植物的根，花盆里就只剩下泥土了。A. pulled out拔出；B. cared for照顾；C. thought about考虑；D. brought in引进。根据“there would have been nothing but dirt in that pot.”可知，如果拔出植物的根，花盆里就只剩下泥土了。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但还有其他一些东西激发了我的灵感——这种植物生长和开花所需要的光线和温暖是多么少。A. requires要求；B. cheers欢呼；C. inspires启发；D. changes改变。根据“just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，这里指这启发了作者的思考。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但还有其他一些东西激发了我的灵感——这种植物生长和开花所需要的光线和温暖是多么少。A. attention关注；B. warmth温暖；C. time时间；D. effort努力。warmth在此处指阳光的温暖。根据上文“and it was possible that a ray of sun fell directly on that pot, giving the plant just enough light and warmth”可知，作者在思考这株植物生长需要的温暖很少。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是说我们应该吝啬我们为他人和自己所做的爱、善良和所有其他温暖的事情。A. expecting期望；B. imagining想象；C. doubting怀疑；D. saying说。根据“we should be mean with love and kindness and all the other warming things we____14____for others and for ourselves.”可知，动词say后接宾语从句时可以用来表达观点和见解。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并不是说我们应该吝啬我们为他人和自己所做的爱、善良和所有其他温暖的事情。A. experience经历；B. do做；C. accept接受；D. remember记得。根据“for others and for ourselves.”可知，此处表示“我们”为别人和自己所做的其他所有暖心的事情。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，只要想到一缕阳光就能照亮一天，照亮一个地方，照亮一个生命，难道不是一件令人欣慰的事吗?A. water水；B. encouragement鼓励；C. sunshine阳光；D. support支持。根据“just how little light and___12___it took for this plant to grow and flower.”可知，一缕阳光，就可以让人一天心花怒放，就可以维持生命的存在。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Higher density (密度) neighborhoods can lead to benefits for the environment and public health, argues Dr. Tom Logan, ___56___University of Canterbury lecturer.
Dr. Logan says the government should be aiming ___57___ (achieve) the “15-minute city” goal. This involves creating neighborhoods where residents can get to shops, restaurants, recreation areas and services within a 15-minute walk, bike ride, ___58___ by travelling on public transport. When more people can bike, walk or take public transport to their destinations, ___59___(pollute) from cars is reduced and there are benefits for people’s physical and mental health.
Accessible cities are also safer and more ___60___(attract) because there are more people around, Dr. Logan says. Residents are more likely to go out with friends when restaurants and bars are closer to where they live, ___61___(bring) economic benefits for businesses.
However, Dr. Logan says many people are opposed to higher density housing.
“Density, when it’s done right, ___62___we see in parts of Europe, the United States and Asia, is where it can lead to safer and ___63___(healthy) residents and neighborhoods that ___64___(be) full of life. ”
“Creating that is one of our big ____65____(challenge). Not everyone has to live in this way but it’s about giving people the option, so they can live somewhere where they don’t have to drive all the time.”
【答案】56. a 57. to achieve
58. or 59. pollution
60. attractive
61. bringing
62. which##as
63. healthier
64. are 65. challenges
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了坎特伯雷大学讲师汤姆·洛根博士的观点，他认为高密度的社区可以为环境和公共健康带来好处。
【56题详解】
考查冠词。句意：坎特伯雷大学讲师汤姆·洛根博士认为，高密度的社区可以为环境和公共健康带来好处。此处泛指“一个坎特伯雷大学的讲师”，应用不定冠词，University是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：洛根博士表示，政府应该致力于实现“15分钟城市”的目标。固定搭配aim to do sth.“旨在做某事”。故填to achieve。
【58题详解】
考查连词。句意：这涉及到创建居民可以步行15分钟、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具前往商店、餐馆、娱乐区和服务的社区。根据句意可知，此处是一种选择，意为“或者”，应用连词or。故填or。
【59题详解】
考查名词。句意：当更多的人可以骑车、步行或乘坐公共交通工具前往目的地时，汽车的污染就会减少，对人们的身心健康也有好处。此处作主语，应用名词pollution，抽象名词，不可数。故填pollution。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：洛根博士说，无障碍城市也更安全、更有吸引力，因为周围有更多的人。此处作表语，应用形容词attractive。故填attractive。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当餐馆和酒吧离他们居住的地方更近时，居民更可能与朋友外出，为企业带来经济效益。此处表示自然产生的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填bringing。
62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是主句陈述的内容，关系词指代前面整个主句内容并在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或as“正如”引导。故填which或as。
【63题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处与safer是并列成分，应用形容词比较级，作定语。故填healthier。
【64题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：我们在欧洲、美国和亚洲的部分地区看到，密度，当它做得好时，它可以带来更安全、更健康的居民和充满活力的社区。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，关系代词that替代先行词neighborhoods，在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用复数。故填are。
【65题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：创造这是我们最大的挑战之一。固定搭配one of+名词复数“……之一”。故填challenges。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你们计划暑假进行一次以保护生态为目的的生态旅游(eco-tour)，你在澳大利亚的朋友Mark也是生态旅游爱好者，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 你们的暑假计划；
2. 在生态旅游过程中打算做事及其相应理由；
3. 请Mark提供一些建议和经验。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Mark,
We plan to go on an eco-tour during the summer vacation. What we will do on the tour is to pick up the rubbish left behind by tourists. While we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should also help to take care of it. Besides, we will make every effort to appeal to tourists as well as local people to stop killing wild animals for food. As you know, humans and animals share the same planet, and never should we hurt them.
I know you are an eco-tour lover, so would you please offer us some advice and share with us your experience in eco-tour? I would greatly appreciate it.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给澳大利亚的朋友Mark写封信，介绍暑假即将进行的以保护生态为目的的生态旅游并寻求建议及经验。
【详解】1.词汇积累
继续：go on→carry on
除此之外：Besides→In addition
照顾：take care of→look after
一些建议：some advice→some suggestions
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We plan to go on an eco-tour during the summer vacation.
拓展句：We plan to go on an eco-tour which will be very interesting during the summer vacation.
【点睛】[高分句型1] What we will do on the tour is to pick up the rubbish left behind by tourists. (运用了what引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2] While we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should also help to take care of it. (运用了while引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alice had just been appointed in the multinational bank. After one month of severe training, today was her first day to go to work.
She got up a bit earlier than usual, and decided to skip her gym workout as she did not want to risk being tired or getting late to her office on her first day. She went through her morning routine and spent a lot of time in selecting what to wear. None of her dresses seemed to appeal to her—they were either a little too casual or too dull and she definitely wanted to make an impression right from the start. Finally she settled on the white embroidered (刺绣的) dress.
She waved bye to her mom and set off cheerfully towards the bus stop. But she saw a bus leaving the stop just as she crossed the street. Now she would have to wait for a good 15 minutes. 15 minutes passed and then 30 minutes and there was no sign of the bus. “It must be stuck in heavy traffic”, a kind lady who was also waiting for the bus told her. Hearing that, Alice got anxious. She had to reach her office on time. Then she saw a taxi approaching but when she tried to stop it, the taxi driver sped by without even taking a glance at her. Alice was wondering what she could do.
It was then that a car stopped near her and a man waved to her. The driver asked her where she was going and after Alice told him that she was going to the bank at Nariman Point, the man said “Oh, my office is in the nearby building. Can I give you a lift?” Alice hesitated for a moment and got into the car. They exchanged names and began to talk for a while. Then the driver switched on the radio and was absorbed in the song. Alice looked out of the window and imagined her first day at work, worrying whether she was capable of the new job, and if she could get along well with her colleagues. After about ten minutes, Alice realized they were not on the familiar route to her office.
注意:续写词数应为150左右；
Paragraph 1:
She began to worry that she might get into the car of a bad man.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Then the car turned around a corner and Alice saw the tall building where her office was unexpectedly.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
She began to worry that she might get into the car of a bad man. So she asked cautiously whether they were going to her bank. The driver said that they took a new shortcut, as there was usually heavy traffic on the other one at this hour, and continued his song. That made some sense and Alice didn't say anything more. Another fifteen minutes passed, and the road was even stranger for her. That man was driving speedily and Alice became more and more anxious. She decided that when the car next stopped at the traffic lights, she would jump out.
Paragraph 2:
Then the car turned around a corner and Alice saw the tall building where her office was unexpectedly. She breathed a sigh of relief. Within minutes, they reached the gate of the building. "Here we are!" the driver pulled up and said. Alice got out of the car, her face turning red. She felt quite sorry for having doubted the driver. She believed there were indeed more kind people in the world. She said, "Thank you very much!", with a big smile, and hurried to her office with great expectation. She knew she would have a good day.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了刚刚被任命到跨国银行的女孩Alice，顺利通过严苛的训练，即将走上工作岗位。在第一天上班路上遇到交通拥堵，未能及时搭上公交车，情急之下搭上一位陌生人的顺风车，在对司机的信任与怀疑中纠结，并在最后及时到达公司的事情。
【详解】段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她开始担心自己可能上了坏人的车。”可知，第一段可描写女孩Alice认为自己可能遇到坏人的忐忑的心理活动，以及判断司机是坏人的线索。
②有第二段首句“然后汽车拐了个弯，爱丽丝看到了她办公室所在的高楼。”可知，第二段可描写峰回路转之后，Alice的欣喜之感。另外，对于怀疑司机的愧疚之感以及对司机的感激之情。
续写线索：被任命——选衣服——交通拥堵——搭顺风车——怀疑——担忧——感谢
词汇激活
行为类
①决定：decide/settle on
②看：see/look/take a glance at/glance at/stare at/glare at
③担忧：get/become anxious/worry
情绪类
①开心：cheerfully、say…with a big smile/do…with great expectation
②如释重负：breath/heave a sigh of relief/feel a sense of relief
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was then that a car stopped near her and a man waved to her.（It was…that…为强调句）
[高分句型2] Alice got out of the car, her face turning red.（turning为非谓语动词作伴随状语）
[高分句型3]Alice looked out of the window and imagined her first day at work, worrying whether she was capable of the new job, and if she could get along well with her colleagues.（worrying为非谓语动词作伴随状语）
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