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2022-2023学年上海市彭浦中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市彭浦中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共27页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高三英语期中试卷
(考试时间120分钟，满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension(25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a hair salon. B. At a dentist’s.
C. On a construction site. D. In a fitness club.
2. A. 3. B. 5. C. 6.5. D. 9.5
3. A. Pointless. B. Necessary. C. Unimaginable D. Motivating
4. A. Ben was an unlucky workman.
B. Ben could have succeeded.
C. Ben was using bad luck as an excuse.
D. Ben might have better luck next time.
5. A. Hot water isn’t available in the hotel until after 10 o’clock.
B. Hotel guests can use hot water for longer hours in winter.
C. The man needs a hot bath after being caught in a rain shower.
D. The hotel doesn’t supply hot water all day along.
6. A. The woman should smile to others and be polite.
B. The woman looks beautiful with her new hairstyle.
C. The woman would look prettier if smiled all the time.
D. The woman’s new hairstyle doesn’t look wonderful.
7. A. The model car deserves a title. B. The man should make the purchase.
C. The man will get a refund soon. D. The model car will be sold in a week.
8. A. Their daughter should never get too close to her friends.
B. Their daughter is really good at maintaining friendships.
C. Their daughter should not keep a distance from friends.
D. Their daughter should learn to keep good company.
9. A. He is much annoyed with the girl.
B. He has left some food for the girl.
C. He should have waited for the girl.
D. He has set aside some butter for the girl.
10. A. The woman should do as the boss requires.
B. The woman should alter what the boss requires.
C. The woman should not invite everyone to the feast.
D. The woman should talk to the boss immediately.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She has composed a new song. B. She has made a stir on social media.
C. She has starred in a new movie. D. She has become the oldest in the world.
12. A. To show why the family enjoys the longevity gene.
B. To share the family’s daily routines with their friends.
C. To comfort those whose grandparents have passed away.
D. To make the family become a celebrity on TikTok.
13. A. Strong-willed. B. Optimistic C. Knowledgeable. D. Generous.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Big cities have lost their appeal to seniors.
B. Many city residents flock to the countryside.
C. The lockdown has contributed to the relocation of some young people.
D. Young people join the race to leave big cities.
15. A. Affordable housing rents. B. Easy access to nature.
C The busy city nightlife. D. A spacious apartment.
16. A. To settle down in the countryside. B. To adopt the remote working pattern.
C. To return to London in the future. D. To advise friends to abandon city life.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The invention of chocolate chip cookies.
B. Various food innovations in man’s history.
C. Accidental discoveries in our everyday life.
D. The unique manufacturing process of potato chips.
18. A. Because she would melt and mix them into the batter.
B. Because she was short of regular ingredients.
C. Because she wanted to save materials and money.
D. Because she’d like to make the chocolate chip cookies.
19. A. Because he wanted to salt them heavily to make them delicious.
B. Because his customers were crazy about potatoes cooked that way.
C. Because they were a regular item on the restaurant’s menu.
D. Because he became sick of customer’s criticism and decided to fight back.
20. A. She thought them too good to be true.
B. She considered them very innovative.
C. She found them quite ridiculous.
D. She felt that they were quite convincing.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary(20’)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It is tempting, when your shiny New Year’s resolutions start to crumble(崩塌), to tell ____1____ that self-control simply isn’t your strong point. “Oh, well,’’ you might say, surrendering to the desire for a large glass of bear, “no willpower, that’s my problem.”
But, according to a body of scientific research, willpower is not a talent that a lucky few ____2____ (bear) with. It is a skill to be practised. “Willpower is a fluctuating(波动的) resource,” explains Frank Ryan, consultant clinical psychologist and author of Willpower for Dummies. “Our level of willpower fluctuates according to our motivation in any ____3____ (give) situation. Everybody can learn to use their willpower more effectively.
____4____ you are not trying to turn over a new leaf for the new year, cultivating willpower is a good idea, as the psychologist Walter Mischel demonstrated in the 1960s and 70s. In his famous study, a group of four-year-olds ____5____ (offer) the choice of one sweet treat now, or two if they could wait 15 minutes. Their performance was then monitored into adulthood. The “high delayers” went on to achieve greater academic success, better health and lower divorce rates.
____6____ (maximize) our chances of sticking to resolutions, Ryan says, we should identify our “willpower profile. For example: some people are more impulsive than others. That does come down to personality.”
Introverts tend to get energized by thoughts and ideas, so if that’s you, you should find it easier to get motivated by inner vision than extroverts, who get fired up by people and social approval. For introverts, ____7____ (schedule) time to reflect on your progress, such as keeping a diary, can be helpful. For extroverts, sighing up for a group such as Parkrun or Weight Watchers where everyone has ____8____ common goal can help you to strengthen your resolve, as can sharing even small progress with others.
“You need to learn the core skills to cope with triggers and cues ____9____ activate your reward-seeking response,” Ryan adds. “It’s about coping with temptation, which often comes from the environment: the people, places or things that act ____10____ motivational magnets to challenge your willpower.” In other words: if you are trying to avoid cake, it is probably best to find a route home that swerves the artisanal doughnuts.
【答案】1. yourself
2. are born
3. given 4. Although##Though##While
5. were offered
6. To maximize
7. scheduling 8. a
9. that##which 10. as
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述意志力并不是与生俱来的，而是通过后天的训练，并文章根据不同性格的人给出训练意志力的方法。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：当你闪亮的新年决心开始破灭时，告诉自己自我控制并不是你的强项，这是很诱人的。分析句子可知，此空应填人称代词作间接宾语，再根据语意和后文“your strong point”可知，应填反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
【2题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：但是，根据一项科学研究，意志力并不是少数幸运儿与生俱来的天赋。分析句子可知，这里考查be born with表“与生俱来”，为固定结构，且这里时态应与前面保持一致用一般现在时。故填are born。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在任何特定情况下，我们的意志力水平都会根据我们的动机而波动。分析句子可知，这里考查 in given situation表“在特定情境下”，为固定结构，situation和give为被动关系，所以这里应用过去分词作定语。故填given。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管你不想为新的一年翻开新的一页，但培养意志力是一个好主意，正如心理学家沃尔特·米舍尔在20世纪60年代和70年代所展示的那样。分析句子可知，此空应填连词构成状语从句，且前后两句有转折关系，再根据句意可知，这里可填Although/Though/While构成让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。
【5题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在他著名的研究中，一组四岁的孩子现在可以选择一种甜食，而如果他们能等15分钟，可以选择两种。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，主语a group of four-year-olds为复数，和offer是被动关系，且时态与后文they could wait 15 minutes保持一致，用一般过去时。故填were offered。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：瑞安说，为了最大限度地提高我们坚持决心的机会，我们应该确定自己的“意志力”。分析句子可知，这里应填非谓语，再根据句意可知，应填不定式作目的状语。故填To maximize。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：对于内向的人来说，安排时间反思自己的进步，比如记日记，可能会有所帮助。分析句子可知，这里应填动名词作主语。故填scheduling。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对于外向的人来说，b报名参加像Parkrun或Weight Watchers这些每个人都有一个共同目标的团体活动可以帮助你增强决心，与他人分享哪怕是一点点进步也可以。分析句子可知，a common goal表“一个共同目标”，这里表泛指应用不定冠词。故填a。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你需要学习核心技能，以应对激活你寻求奖励的反应的触发和线索。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为triggers and cues ，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：它是关于应对诱惑的，诱惑通常来自于环境：作为激励磁铁挑战你意志力的人、地方或事物。分析句子可知，这里考查act as表“担任……角色”，为固定搭配。故填as。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. affordable B. consumption C. displaying D. driver E. physically
F. fail G. legally H. acknowledged I. replacing J. superior K. skip
If you were to buy the Complete Works of Primo Levi on Amazon, the price is $58.40. If, however, you preferred to download it to your e-reader, you would need to pay $59.49. It would cost you one dollar more not to ____11____ own the books. This brings the question into the spotlight: Why are we increasingly paying more money to not have the thing we buy? Amazon ____12____ receipt of but didn’t respond to such a request for moment. But we can discuss why.
For one thing, we’ve reached a point at which it’s the digital version that won’t ____13____ us. The hard copy used to be reliable, but that isn’t true anymore. In fact, the digital copy is more durable than the hard one, as anyone who has scratched a CD would likely agree. For another, we’ve come to see the digital version as ____14____ in some ways. It’s noted that we’ll pay for things so that we’ll be able to quickly consume a product, or ____15____ to the place in a book where a character first appears.
It’s true that the digital is becoming an accepted part of the way we live now. But not everyone can jump on the bandwagon(跟风), since not everyone can access that version in the first place. This suggests a third ____16____ behind the trend: some people are paying more because performance and participation matter more in the new economy. That is, people are always paying more to be part of the new cool club, and today the cool club is digital.
Whether or not it is indeed fashionable to own the digital version, the reality remains that if the most accessible version of culture is the least ____17____, then not everyone gets to download culture. Besides, customers get fewer rights in a digital copy as the law won’t let them loan or resell their digital book or CD. That means we’re paying more to be ____18____ able to do less. Or, we buy it, but we don’t hold it.
This is the way we pay to own now and may be for the foreseeable future. That doesn’t mean we’ve become any less fascinated by ____19____. As Wilks said, possession is fundamentally human, and while we may change the concept of what and how we possess, we’ll still be possessed by possessions. In other words, we still own things. We may no longer show how well-read we are by _____20_____ hardcover Primo Levi on our bookshelves, but we can bring his work with us everywhere, without lugging around those heavy books.
【答案】11. E 12. H
13. F 14. J
15. K 16. D
17. A 18. G
19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊上的电子书定价比纸质书高，为什么越来越多的人购买电子书呢?本文分析了在数字时代，电子书的优点和缺点。优点是它具有便利舒适的使用体验，比纸质书更耐用，查阅起来也更方便。但缺点是买家们无法真正得到拥有权，因为法律不允许他们像纸质书那样出借或转卖电子书。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：你会多花一美元而不能实际拥有这些书。根据空后的own可知，空处为副词，修饰动词own。再根据上文内容“If you were to buy the Complete Works of Primo Levi on Amazon, the price is $58.40. If, however, you preferred to download it to your e-reader, you would need to pay $59.49.”可知，电子书比纸质书价格高些，而电子书并不像纸质书那样可以有实际上的拥有。physically，副词，意为“身体上、实际上”，符合句意。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：亚马逊承认收到了邮件，但暂时没有回复。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词，再根据but之后的didn’t可知，时态为一般过去时。所有选项中只有H形式上符合。acknowledged，动词的一般过去式，意为“承认、认可”，符合句意，故选H。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：首先，我们已经达到了数字版本不会让我们失望的地步。分析上下文可知，本段是在举例说明人们越来越倾向选择电子虚拟产品的原因。根据下文“In fact, the digital copy is more durable than the hard one, as anyone who has scratched a CD would likely agree.”可知，下文提到的是电子产品的优势。所以空处指的是不会让我们失望。fail，动词原形，意为“失败、使失望”，符合上下文内容。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一方面，我们已经开始看到数字版本在某些方面更优越。空后继续说明了电子产品的优越性，所以空处指的是优越。superior，形容词，意为“更好的、更优越的”，符合句意。故选J。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：值得注意的是我们可以很快地消费一个产品，在书中可以跳到某个人物第一次出现的地方。分析句意可知，这里讲述的是电子产品的索引功能，所以是可以跳到任何想看的情节。skip，动词，意为“跳过”，符合句意。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：这暗示了这一趋势背后的第三个驱动力：一些人支付更多，因为业绩和参与在新经济中更重要。根据上文可知，前面已经列举了电子产品受欢迎的两个原因，这里应该是讲述了第三个原因。driver，名词，意为“驾驶员、驱动力”，符合文意。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不管拥有数字版本是否真的是一种时尚，现实仍然是，如果文化产品的最便捷版本并非人人负担得起，那么并不是每个人都能下载。根据下文“then not everyone gets to download culture.”可知，电子版本不是人人能承担得起。affordable，形容词，意为“可承担的起的”。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：这意味着我们花了更多的钱，享有的法律权利却更少了。根据上文的“Besides, customers get fewer rights in a digital copy as the law won’t let them loan or resell their digital book or CD.”可知，电子产品的价格更高，但是法律不允许购买者租借和倒卖，说明法律对于数字产品的使用有更多限制，换句话说我们花的钱多了，享受的法律权利却更少了。legally，副词，意为“法律上地”，修饰be able to do less。符合上下文文意。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不意味着我们没那么受到消费吸引了。上文提到了法律对于所购买电子产品的现状，但是空后又说“拥有”是人的最根本的人性。所以空处指的应该人们还是收到消费的吸引。consumption，名词，意为“消费”，符合句意。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可能不再通过在书架上展示精装版 Primo Levi来显示我们有多博学，但我们可以随身携带他的作品，而不必拖着那些沉重的书到处走。根据下文的“hardcover Primo Levi on our bookshelves”可知，不需要展示这些书籍。displaying，意为“展示”，符合介词后用v-ing形式，符合句意。故选C。
III. Reading Comprehension(45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have ____21____ that their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones. Today, however, ever more doctors are using the term literally.
On January 1st “gaming disorder”—in which games are played ____22____, despite causing harm— gains recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO), as the newest edition of its diagnostic manual comes into force.
A few months ago, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules ____23____ children to just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.
Western politicians worry publicly about some games’ similarity to gambling. Clinics are ____24____ around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine.
Are games really addictive? Psychologists are ____25____. The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic. In the old days, some killjoys issued ____26____ warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.
As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks before it eventually ____27____ to be controversial (有争议的). ____28____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a ____29____(of depression, say) as a disorder in its own right.
The prosecution (指控) retorts that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them irresistible. The motive _____30_____ a business-model shift.
In the old days games were bought for a single-use cost. These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from _____31_____ of in-game goods. That ties playtime directly to revenue.
Smartphones and modern platforms use their permanent internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be _____32_____ and modified to boost spending.
While psychologists argue the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction, and whether gaming’s design tricks cross the line, the industry should recognize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO _____33_____, diagnoses will become more common.
Clinics are already reporting _____34_____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting _____35_____. And being associated in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favors.
21. A. acknowledged B. confirmed C. complained D. sensed
22. A. willingly B. casually C. randomly D. compulsively
23. A. limiting B. exposing C. reducing D. subjecting
24. A. taking off B. springing up C. fading away D. turning around
25. A. hesitant B. authoritative C. split D. cautious
26. A. serious B. relevant C. bold D. similar
27. A. ceases B. continues C. attempts D. tends
28. A. Nevertheless B. Furthermore C. Vice versa D. Instead
29. A. diagnose B. treatment C. symptom D. definition
30. A. stems from B. results in C. evolves into D. amounts to
31. A. advertisements B. promotions C. deliveries D. purchases
32. A. widely-used B. repeatedly-recalled C. massively-funded D. fine-tuned
33. A. code B. qualification C. analysis D. shelter
34. A. frustrating B. flexible C. competitive D. booming
35. A. chillier B. more agreeable C. stricter D. more scientific
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。多年来，父母们经常抱怨他们的孩子对游戏“上瘾”。然而，今天，越来越多的医生从字面上使用这个术语。文章主要说明了心理学家对于游戏上瘾的不同看法以及作者认为游戏公司应该主动采取行动向研究人员提供更多的数据，来诊断成瘾问题。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，父母们一直在抱怨他们的孩子对他们的游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。A. acknowledged承认；B. confirmed确认；C. complained抱怨；D. sensed感觉。根据下文“their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones.”和常识可知，父母抱怨他们的孩子对游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：1月1日，“游戏障碍”——尽管会造成伤害，但仍强迫性地玩游戏——得到了世界卫生组织(WHO)的认可，因为最新版的诊断手册开始生效。A. willingly心甘情愿地；B. casually随意地；C. randomly任意地；D. compulsively强迫地。根据下文“despite causing harm”可知，上下文让步关系，尽管知道游戏会造成伤害，但是仍然强迫性地玩游戏。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，世界上最大的游戏市场中国宣布了新规定，限制儿童在周五、周六和周日每天只能玩一个小时的游戏，其余时间都不能玩。A. limiting限制；B. exposing揭露；C. reducing减少；D. subjecting使服从。根据下文“just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.”可知，中国颁布新法规，限制孩子玩游戏时间。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：诊所在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现，承诺用治疗酒精或可卡因成瘾的方法来治疗病人的玩游戏习惯。A. taking off起飞；B. springing up出现；兴起；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. turning around转身。根据“promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine”可知，世界各地承诺治疗游戏成瘾的诊所正在兴起。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家意见不一。 A. hesitant犹豫的；B. authoritative权威性的；C. split分裂的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic.”和“____8____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose.”可知，心理学家对此观点不一，分成了几个派别。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，一些扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说甚至填字游戏都发出了类似的警告。A. serious严重的；B. relevant相关的；C. bold大胆的；D. similar相似的。根据下文“warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.”可知，过去扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出过类似的严重警告。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为最新的大众媒体形式，游戏只是在股市中度过了自己的一段时间，才最终停止了争议。A. ceases停止；B. continues继续；C. attempts试图；D. tends趋向。根据上文“gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks”可知，游戏最终停止争议。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，辩护者认为，用于诊断游戏成瘾的标准过于宽松。A. Nevertheless尽管如此；B. Furthermore而且；C. Vice versa反过来也是一样地；D. Instead代替。根据下文“defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose”可知，这里进一步说明游戏成瘾的危害。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症（比如抑郁症），也可能是一种障碍。A. diagnose诊断；B. treatment治疗；C. symptom症状；D. definition定义。根据下文“of depression, say”可知，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其动机源于商业模式的转变。 A. stems from源于；B. results in导致；C. evolves into发展成；D. amounts to总计。根据下文“a business-model shift.”可知，游戏开发商动机来自商业模式的转变。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多游戏采用的是“免费增值”模式，即游戏是免费的，玩家可以通过购买游戏内的商品获利。A. advertisements广告；B. promotions提升；C. deliveries递送；D. purchases购买。根据下文“That ties playtime directly to revenue.(这将游戏时间与收入直接挂钩)”和常识可知，钱是从玩家购买游戏里的道具中赚来的。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得产品可以进行微调和修改，以促进消费。A. widely-used广泛使用的；B. repeatedly-recalled反复回忆的；C. massively-funded大规模地资助的；D. fine-tuned微调的。呼应下文“modified(修改)”，开发者对产品进行微调和修改。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在世界卫生组织有了游戏成瘾的官方规定，对游戏成瘾的诊断将变得更加普遍。A. code规定；B. qualification资格；C. analysis分析；D. shelter庇护。根据下文“diagnoses will become more common.”可知，世卫组织官方规定了游戏成瘾问题。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诊所表示生意兴隆，因为大封锁让玩家有更多的时间花在他们的游戏嗜好上。A. frustrating使人沮丧的；B. flexible灵活的；C. competitive竞争的；D. booming兴旺的。根据下文“as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，因为疫情封锁，玩家更多的时间花在游戏上使得诊所表示生意兴旺。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。A. chillier更寒冷的；B. more agreeable更愉快的；C. stricter更严格的；D. more scientific更科学的。根据上文“Clinics are already reporting ____14____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，疫情封锁让玩家有更多的时间玩自己的游戏，所以科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Once, Mama had read about geraniums in a magazine -- versatile, pretty, easy to grow - and, she became possessed with a vision of a house flooded with flowers. The notion inspired her into motion. She spent a small fortune on elegant plant stands, imported flowerpots and armies of fully grown geraniums. She could be like that: my mother always had sudden sprints of creativity.
She also asked for my help, and we squatted in the backyard together, arranging roots in their elegant containers. Mama wore long gardening gloves over her manicured hands, and her finger pressed soil into place with fastidiousness and even passion. She had bought me gloves too, but I refused to wear them.
“You’ll get so dirty, Perla.”
“I want to get dirty.”
“Ay, Perla,” she said, shaking her head. She said no more but beamed with irritation. My refusal disturbed the plan for how the geranium days should go, mother and daughter tending flowers and don’t they look picture perfect in their matching gloves? For half an hour she would not talk to me, but then she thawed, so absorbed in her project that she forgot my fault, or perhaps for fear that I might abandon the project altogether.
She needn’t have worried. I didn’t want to leave. It was a rare chance to spend time with my mother. I could scent her perfume and feel breaths without having to find anything to say. We often struggle to communicate with each other, beyond the essential good morning and good night, as though we were strangers or beginners of a language. I wanted to learn my mother’s language, if only to better understand her and to increase the chances of her understanding me. There is so much I longed to tell her as I squatted beside her, but I also feared that, If I started, other matters might leap out that were not meant to be spoken. Better not to risk the opening. Better not to attempt too much speech with my mother.
When all the flowers were ready in their pots, mama spent another day distributing them through the house. There were more flowers than any other house in our Buenos Aires -- so that when you entered, you felt as though you’re swimming through petals.
36. Based on paragraph 1, Perla viewed her mother’s decision to plant the geraniums as _________.
A. creative B. amusing C. unsurprising D. worthwhile
37. In paragraph 5, the underlined word “thawed”, probably means _________.
A. agreed B. complained C. softened D. denied
38. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Perla?
A. She volunteered to assist her mother in repotting the geraniums.
B. She exchanged her opinions on essential matters with her mother.
C. She was eager to learn a foreign language to better understand her mother.
D. She wanted to stay with her mother even without verbal communication.
39. The author wrote this passage in order to _________.
A. apologize for her misconduct in her childhood
B. praise her mother for her gardening skills
C. provide useful information for geraniums lovers
D. express her mixed emotions towards her mother
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 39. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和自己的母亲种植天竺葵的故事，作者和母亲之间用语言沟通不易，但是作者仍然深爱自己的母亲。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She could be like that: my mother always had sudden sprints of creativity.”（她可能就是那样的：我母亲总是有突如其来的创造力。）可知，作者认为自己的母亲种植天竺葵这一决定是不足为奇的。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“For half an hour she would not talk to me”（有半个小时她不肯跟我说话）以及“so absorbed in her project that she forgot my fault, or perhaps for fear that I might abandon the project altogether.”（全神贯注于她项目，以至于她忘记了我的过错，或者可能是因为担心我可能会完全放弃这个项目。）可知，作者的母亲开始是恼怒的，之后变得友好，全神贯注于她的项目、忘记了作者的过错，推测划线单词表示“变得友好”，与softened同义。故选C项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It was a rare chance to spend time with my mother. I could scent her perfume and feel breaths without having to find anything to say.”（这是一次难得的与母亲共度时光的机会。我可以闻到她的香水味，感觉呼吸，而不需要找任何话来说。）可知，作者不需要找任何话跟母亲说，愿意和母亲共度时光，所以“即使没有语言交流，她也想和母亲待在一起”表述正确。故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There is so much I longed to tell her as I squatted beside her, but I also feared that, If I started, other matters might leap out that were not meant to be spoken. Better not to risk the opening. Better not to attempt too much speech with my mother.”（当我蹲在她身边时，我有太多的话想告诉她，但我也担心，如果我开始说，其他本来不该说的事情可能会跳出来。最好不要冒险开始。最好不要跟我妈妈说太多的话。）可知，作者希望和母亲交流，但是又担心说出不合适的事情，最后选择不和母亲说太多的话，所以作者写这篇文章是为了表达她对母亲的复杂的感情。故选D项。
(B)
Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.
Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
La La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actress Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.
Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank
This is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastian was reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.
Warner Bros Studios, Burbank
Mia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “ the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours.
Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood Drive
This section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mulholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.
40. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.
A. Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
B. Smokehouse Restaurant
C. Warner Bros Studio
D. Cath’s Corner
41. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.
A. stress Warner Bros is still in function
B. show respect for movies of previous generations
C. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios
D. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid
42. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?
A. Nature and Environment. B. City and Transport.
C. Travel and Recreation. D. Food and Health.
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。音乐剧《爱乐之城》(La La Land) 需要在洛杉矶40多个地点拍摄，为了配合该片在英国的上映，邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。文章对这些令人惊叹的场景做了介绍。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank中In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.“在影片中,Lipton的外墙是“你是明星”壁画,包括玛丽莲梦露,查理·卓别林和其他电影明星”。可知，为了遇到一些电影明星，你可以去Smokehouse Restaurant。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线部分的下文It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history.这部电影对电影史的众多致敬之一。可知，Mia提到了划线的句子，是为了表达对前几代电影的致敬。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings. 在洛杉矶40多个地方拍摄的音乐剧《爱乐之城》是“致城市的一封情书”。为了配合该片在英国上映，我们邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。”可知，最可能在网站Travel and Recreation部分找到这篇文章。故选C。
(C)
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up 15 per cent of the population but only 10 per cent of museum-goers. Similarly, people of colour aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.
We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more modern and accessible ways.
If you have ever tried to power through reading a museums complex wall text, you know art discussions can be full of special terms. In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audiences along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. This summer, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity ---- toilet rolls featured frequently ---- and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a hidden desire for audiences to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.
Many people are intimidated (威胁) by art and feel that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation. The Getty initiative embraced the visuality of art and served as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another interesting byproduct of the Getty challenge was the attention given to a diversity of artworks. British opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of stunning recreations highlighting centuries of black portraiture, including a collaboration with London’s National Portrait Gallery. His efforts counter the perception that there are not many historical portraits of black figures. It is imperative (势在必行的) that we do a better job of showcasing the many complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. In doing so, we preserve more histories and welcome wider diversity of people.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have amassed tens of thousands of followers by dedicating their feeds to female artists, artists of of colour and more. Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without Britain’s museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on boards and executive teams.
Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.
43. Which of the following is NOT an example of the answers to tackling the challenge?
A. Engaging audiences in discussions in the podcast Art Matters
B. Holding pop-culture discussions with the charity Art UK
C. Encouraging people to recreate paintings with household items
D. Portraying historical black figures through art recreations
44. The podcast Art Matters bears the following features EXCEPT ________.
A. connecting art history to popular topics
B. having only a few special terms
C. being accessible to the poor and needy
D. engaging more diverse audiences
45. We can conclude from the passage that common audiences ________.
A. lack the ability to understand and talk about art history
B. prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media
C. long to engage with art topics and diverse art history stories
D. hope more people of colour are represented on museum boards
46. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. Art for Change B. Don’t Fear Art
C. Art on Social Media D. Art for All
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但是缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，因此人们需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences.( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。)”可知，与英国慈善艺术组织举行流行文化讨论的目的是吸引更年轻更多样化的观众，不是为了解决艺术和观众之间的脱节的问题。故选B。
44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. ( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，主题包括电影、心理学甚至碧昂丝，几乎没有特别的术语。这个系列是将艺术与时事联系起来的一种有用方式。)”可知，“艺术事务”播客联系了艺术历史与流行话题 ，吸引更多样化的观众，有很少的术语，因此可知，能够接近穷人和有需要的人不是这个播客的特点。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it.( 社交媒体为那些传统上没有一席之地的人提供了一个平台。任何人都可以认识到该领域的差距并解决它)”和“Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.(他们的追随者积极地证明了人们渴望听到这些艺术史，而这些主题对博物馆的规划效果非常出色。)”可推断，普通观众渴望参与到艺术主题和多样化的艺术史故事中来。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.( 我们已经认识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有查明如何弥合这一差距)”，和最后一段“Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.( 确保艺术——写作和谈论艺术——在人群中产生共鸣，取决于正在崛起的一代讲故事的人，在机构内外，获得他们需要的资金和支持，为这个行业描绘一幅更光明的图景)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，艺术应在人群中产生共鸣，艺术和观众之间脱节，需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁，因此推断D项“艺术为所有人”为最佳标题。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We live in a world of advertising. Advertising is a pervasive method of marketing in society. Though the methods by which marketers advertise have changed over the decades, the role and purpose of advertising has shifted very little.
____47____. Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. What is being presented to the public is usually a product or service, such as a car or camera. Yet it may also be an idea, as in "Vote for Jones", or an event, as in "Watch the World Series on this channel tomorrow!” Without advertising, people would have a difficult time knowing where goods could be bought or even certain goods or services existed.
Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. ____48____ The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.
____49____ For example, radio and television ads are costly. But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.
Do business owners themselves think up all those ads? For the most part, they hire qualified agencies to create their advertising. An advertising agency plans a company’s ads. It also does research. It surveys the market and tests different approaches to determine the most effective way to sell the greatest amount of the product.
How can we be sure that an ad is accurate? Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent (欺骗性的) ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies. ____50____
A. Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.
B. Printed ads are found in newspapers and magazines.
C. Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.
D. Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.
E. Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.
F. Advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th century.
【答案】47. A 48. C 49. E 50. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广告这种无处不在的营销手段。
【47题详解】
根据下文“Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. （无论是在报纸和杂志或电视或互联网上，它服务于推广广泛的产品。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告的作用。A项：Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.（广告是向公众提供信息的一种手段。）符合语境。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据上文“Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. （广告始于古希腊的叫卖员，他们叫卖市场上可买到的商品的名称。）”和下文“The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.（第一次印刷广告出现在1480年的英国，报纸广告开始于1648年。在二十世纪，广播和电视的发明为广告开辟了广阔的新领域。）”可知，本段主要在介绍广告的历史发展进程。C项：Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.（古埃及人把公告刻在石头上。）符合语境。故选C。
【49题详解】
根据下文“But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.（但它们的受众非常广泛。这使得它们对广告商来说是值得的和划算的。报纸广告可以以优惠券或信息为特色，可以剪切和保存。杂志经常直接吸引特殊群体，如体育迷或青少年。其他形式的广告包括直接邮寄，电子邮件，广告牌。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告商会选择使用最适合他们的方式或媒体。E项中的“means”、“media”和下文中的“Newspaper ads ”、“magazines”对应。E项：Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.（广告商使用他们认为最适合他们的方式或媒体。）符合语境。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies.（两个政府机构，联邦贸易委员会和食品和药物管理局，检查广告，防止虚假声明。邮政服务监视通过邮件发送的虚假广告。州和地方政府也有监督机构。）”可知，本段主要讲述了对于虚假广告的惩罚。D项：Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.（欺骗公众的广告商将面临重罚或其他惩罚。）符合语境。故选D。
IV. Summary Writing (10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Biographers (传记作家) gather information from many different sources. Legal documents and personal papers can reveal facts such as a person’s birthplace, income, number of children, and lifespan. Letters or a diary may contain valuable information about the person’s friends and activities, thoughts and feelings. All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
A biographer also checks secondary sources. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her. Secondary sources supply secondhand information, and so a biographer must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the biography to be favorable, while others may wish it to be unfavorable. The biographer must avoid both extremes. The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible. This means the biography should include both good and bad qualities, both accomplishments and mistakes. James Boswell, the author of a great biography of his friend Samuel Johnson, wrote, “And he will be seen as he really was; for I profess to write, not his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect.”
Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards. Ancient records of the deeds of kings and emperors were written to praise and flatter these rulers. Writers of saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were often more interested in the moral message than the events of a life. Many 19th-century biographers did not reveal any improper or embarrassing details of their subjects’ lives. Though they may be interesting or inspiring, these works fail as biographies chiefly because their purpose is to point up a moral rather than describe an individual.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject. As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.) However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传记作家的资料来源以及作为一名合格的传记作家，应该客观、完整、真实地描述主题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
②A biographer also checks secondary sources.
③The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her.
④The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible.
⑤Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully.
However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.（while连接并列的句子）
[高分句型2]
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.)（describing为动名词作宾语）
V. Translation(15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 经过一系列调查，一支乱扔的烟被指为这场火灾的罪魁祸首。(blame)(汉译英)
【答案】After a series of investigations, a dropped cigarette was blamed for the fire．
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和时态。a series of“一系列”；be blamed for“因……而受指责”。名词cigarette 与drop之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为：After a series of investigations, a dropped cigarette was blamed for the fire．
53. 虽然网络上小视频广为流传，但鲜有兼具知识性和艺术性的原创作品。(as) (汉译英)
【答案】Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet, there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和让步状语从句的倒装结构。根据中文提示可知，本句时态应用一般现在时，表示“虽然网络上小视频广为流传”可用Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet，其中as表“虽然”，在这里引导让步状语从句，使用部分倒装，结构为：副词+as+主语+动词；表示“鲜有兼具知识性和艺术性的原创作品”应用句子there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry，其中with both knowledge and artistry作定语，修饰前面名词works ，用few 表示“几乎没有”，故翻译为Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet, there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry。
54. 无论手头事情多么重要或微不足道，我们都应该谨慎对待我们做的每一个决定，因为失之毫厘，差以千里。(difference) (汉译英)
【答案】No matter how significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.##However significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句，形容词短语、介词短语、定语从句和原因状语从句。陈述客观现象，谓语动词用一般现在时。“无论……多么……或……”表达为No matter how...or...或者however...or...，引导让步状语从句，how或however后接形容词；“手头的事情”表达为 the matter at hand，介词短语at hand为后置定语，修饰让步状语从句的主语the matter；“重要”表达为形容词significant，“微不足道”表达为形容词insignificant，都作为让步状语从句的表语。“谨慎对待”表达为形容词短语be cautious about，后接宾语“每一个决定”，可表达为名词every resolution；“我们做的”表达为we make，修饰every resolution，为限制性定语从句，先行词为物，且在从句中作宾语，关系代词that，也可省略，从句中用一般现在时，表经常性。“因为”表达为连接词because，引导原因状语从句；“失之毫厘，差以千里”，根据所给词difference，表达为one false step will make a great difference”，叙述一般真理可用情态动词will，后接动词短语make adifference，作宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：No matter how significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference./However significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.
55. 正是因为强烈的爱国主义情怀让这位生物学家在面对形形色色、难以抵制的名利诱惑时，毅然决然地选择回国效力。(It) (汉译英)
【答案】It was because of his strong patriotism that the biologist resolutely chose to return to China to work in the face of various and irresistible temptations of fame and fortune.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和强调句型。because of因为；choose to do sth.选择做某事；return to返回；in the face of 面对；fame and fortune功名。强调句结构为It is/was +强调部分+that从句，本句强调because of his strong patriotism。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was because of his strong patriotism that the biologist resolutely chose to return to China to work in the face of various and irresistible temptations of fame and fortune.
VI. Guided Writing(25’)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报计划腾出一个版面专门刊登学生摄影作品，计划第一期的主题从“My winter vacation”、“People around me”及“The best scene on campus”中选择一个，现向全校同学征求意见。写一封邮件给英语报 读者来信专栏，内容须包括：
1)你推荐的专栏主题；
2)你的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Hearing that a photography section, scheduled to be added to our school English newspapers to present photography works from students, is seeking advice from the whole school, I am writing to recommend the theme of “People around me”. The reasons are as follows.
On one hand, society is an encyclopedia, which appeals to all of us students to explore. So, “People around me”, featuring the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, enriching our life experience. On the other hand, ordinary as the majority might be, they are making great difference to our lives, for example, those heroes in harm’s way serving our community during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their sense of responsibility and spirit of commitment will impress us students on campus, spurring us to respect them and learn from them, thus cultivating our good moral sentiment. To sum up, the theme is worth presenting.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my recommendation. Looking forward to the photography section early.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校的英语报写邮件，从“My winter vacation”、“People around me”及“The best scene on campus”三个主题中，为刊登学生摄影作品的新版面推荐一个专栏主题，并说出理由。
【详解】词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestion
吸引：appeal to→ attract
敬重：respect→ show respect for
考虑：consider→take into account
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：So, “People around me”, featuring the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, enriching our life experience.
拓展句：So, “People around me”, which features the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, which will enrich our life experience.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Their sense of responsibility and spirit of commitment will impress us students on campus, spurring us to respect them and learn from them and cultivating our good moral sentiment. （运用了现在分词作伴随状语，动词不定式作补语）
【高分句型2】I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion. （运用了it作形式宾语）
高三英语期中试卷
(考试时间120分钟，满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension(25’)
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. In a hair salon. B. At a dentist’s.
C. On a construction site. D. In a fitness club.
2. A. 3. B. 5. C. 6.5. D. 9.5
3. A. Pointless. B. Necessary. C. Unimaginable D. Motivating
4. A. Ben was an unlucky workman.
B. Ben could have succeeded.
C. Ben was using bad luck as an excuse.
D. Ben might have better luck next time.
5. A. Hot water isn’t available in the hotel until after 10 o’clock.
B. Hotel guests can use hot water for longer hours in winter.
C. The man needs a hot bath after being caught in a rain shower.
D. The hotel doesn’t supply hot water all day along.
6. A. The woman should smile to others and be polite.
B. The woman looks beautiful with her new hairstyle.
C. The woman would look prettier if smiled all the time.
D. The woman’s new hairstyle doesn’t look wonderful.
7. A. The model car deserves a title. B. The man should make the purchase.
C. The man will get a refund soon. D. The model car will be sold in a week.
8. A. Their daughter should never get too close to her friends.
B. Their daughter is really good at maintaining friendships.
C. Their daughter should not keep a distance from friends.
D. Their daughter should learn to keep good company.
9. A. He is much annoyed with the girl.
B. He has left some food for the girl.
C. He should have waited for the girl.
D. He has set aside some butter for the girl.
10. A. The woman should do as the boss requires.
B. The woman should alter what the boss requires.
C. The woman should not invite everyone to the feast.
D. The woman should talk to the boss immediately.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She has composed a new song. B. She has made a stir on social media.
C. She has starred in a new movie. D. She has become the oldest in the world.
12. A. To show why the family enjoys the longevity gene.
B. To share the family’s daily routines with their friends.
C. To comfort those whose grandparents have passed away.
D. To make the family become a celebrity on TikTok.
13. A. Strong-willed. B. Optimistic C. Knowledgeable. D. Generous.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Big cities have lost their appeal to seniors.
B. Many city residents flock to the countryside.
C. The lockdown has contributed to the relocation of some young people.
D. Young people join the race to leave big cities.
15. A. Affordable housing rents. B. Easy access to nature.
C The busy city nightlife. D. A spacious apartment.
16. A. To settle down in the countryside. B. To adopt the remote working pattern.
C. To return to London in the future. D. To advise friends to abandon city life.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The invention of chocolate chip cookies.
B. Various food innovations in man’s history.
C. Accidental discoveries in our everyday life.
D. The unique manufacturing process of potato chips.
18. A. Because she would melt and mix them into the batter.
B. Because she was short of regular ingredients.
C. Because she wanted to save materials and money.
D. Because she’d like to make the chocolate chip cookies.
19. A. Because he wanted to salt them heavily to make them delicious.
B. Because his customers were crazy about potatoes cooked that way.
C. Because they were a regular item on the restaurant’s menu.
D. Because he became sick of customer’s criticism and decided to fight back.
20. A. She thought them too good to be true.
B. She considered them very innovative.
C. She found them quite ridiculous.
D. She felt that they were quite convincing.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary(20’)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It is tempting, when your shiny New Year’s resolutions start to crumble(崩塌), to tell ____1____ that self-control simply isn’t your strong point. “Oh, well,’’ you might say, surrendering to the desire for a large glass of bear, “no willpower, that’s my problem.”
But, according to a body of scientific research, willpower is not a talent that a lucky few ____2____ (bear) with. It is a skill to be practised. “Willpower is a fluctuating(波动的) resource,” explains Frank Ryan, consultant clinical psychologist and author of Willpower for Dummies. “Our level of willpower fluctuates according to our motivation in any ____3____ (give) situation. Everybody can learn to use their willpower more effectively.
____4____ you are not trying to turn over a new leaf for the new year, cultivating willpower is a good idea, as the psychologist Walter Mischel demonstrated in the 1960s and 70s. In his famous study, a group of four-year-olds ____5____ (offer) the choice of one sweet treat now, or two if they could wait 15 minutes. Their performance was then monitored into adulthood. The “high delayers” went on to achieve greater academic success, better health and lower divorce rates.
____6____ (maximize) our chances of sticking to resolutions, Ryan says, we should identify our “willpower profile. For example: some people are more impulsive than others. That does come down to personality.”
Introverts tend to get energized by thoughts and ideas, so if that’s you, you should find it easier to get motivated by inner vision than extroverts, who get fired up by people and social approval. For introverts, ____7____ (schedule) time to reflect on your progress, such as keeping a diary, can be helpful. For extroverts, sighing up for a group such as Parkrun or Weight Watchers where everyone has ____8____ common goal can help you to strengthen your resolve, as can sharing even small progress with others.
“You need to learn the core skills to cope with triggers and cues ____9____ activate your reward-seeking response,” Ryan adds. “It’s about coping with temptation, which often comes from the environment: the people, places or things that act ____10____ motivational magnets to challenge your willpower.” In other words: if you are trying to avoid cake, it is probably best to find a route home that swerves the artisanal doughnuts.
【答案】1. yourself
2. are born
3. given 4. Although##Though##While
5. were offered
6. To maximize
7. scheduling 8. a
9. that##which 10. as
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述意志力并不是与生俱来的，而是通过后天的训练，并文章根据不同性格的人给出训练意志力的方法。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：当你闪亮的新年决心开始破灭时，告诉自己自我控制并不是你的强项，这是很诱人的。分析句子可知，此空应填人称代词作间接宾语，再根据语意和后文“your strong point”可知，应填反身代词yourself。故填yourself。
【2题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：但是，根据一项科学研究，意志力并不是少数幸运儿与生俱来的天赋。分析句子可知，这里考查be born with表“与生俱来”，为固定结构，且这里时态应与前面保持一致用一般现在时。故填are born。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在任何特定情况下，我们的意志力水平都会根据我们的动机而波动。分析句子可知，这里考查 in given situation表“在特定情境下”，为固定结构，situation和give为被动关系，所以这里应用过去分词作定语。故填given。
【4题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管你不想为新的一年翻开新的一页，但培养意志力是一个好主意，正如心理学家沃尔特·米舍尔在20世纪60年代和70年代所展示的那样。分析句子可知，此空应填连词构成状语从句，且前后两句有转折关系，再根据句意可知，这里可填Although/Though/While构成让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。
【5题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：在他著名的研究中，一组四岁的孩子现在可以选择一种甜食，而如果他们能等15分钟，可以选择两种。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，主语a group of four-year-olds为复数，和offer是被动关系，且时态与后文they could wait 15 minutes保持一致，用一般过去时。故填were offered。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：瑞安说，为了最大限度地提高我们坚持决心的机会，我们应该确定自己的“意志力”。分析句子可知，这里应填非谓语，再根据句意可知，应填不定式作目的状语。故填To maximize。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：对于内向的人来说，安排时间反思自己的进步，比如记日记，可能会有所帮助。分析句子可知，这里应填动名词作主语。故填scheduling。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对于外向的人来说，b报名参加像Parkrun或Weight Watchers这些每个人都有一个共同目标的团体活动可以帮助你增强决心，与他人分享哪怕是一点点进步也可以。分析句子可知，a common goal表“一个共同目标”，这里表泛指应用不定冠词。故填a。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：你需要学习核心技能，以应对激活你寻求奖励的反应的触发和线索。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为triggers and cues ，在从句中作主语。故填that/which。
【10题详解】
考查介词。句意：它是关于应对诱惑的，诱惑通常来自于环境：作为激励磁铁挑战你意志力的人、地方或事物。分析句子可知，这里考查act as表“担任……角色”，为固定搭配。故填as。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. affordable B. consumption C. displaying D. driver E. physically
F. fail G. legally H. acknowledged I. replacing J. superior K. skip
If you were to buy the Complete Works of Primo Levi on Amazon, the price is $58.40. If, however, you preferred to download it to your e-reader, you would need to pay $59.49. It would cost you one dollar more not to ____11____ own the books. This brings the question into the spotlight: Why are we increasingly paying more money to not have the thing we buy? Amazon ____12____ receipt of but didn’t respond to such a request for moment. But we can discuss why.
For one thing, we’ve reached a point at which it’s the digital version that won’t ____13____ us. The hard copy used to be reliable, but that isn’t true anymore. In fact, the digital copy is more durable than the hard one, as anyone who has scratched a CD would likely agree. For another, we’ve come to see the digital version as ____14____ in some ways. It’s noted that we’ll pay for things so that we’ll be able to quickly consume a product, or ____15____ to the place in a book where a character first appears.
It’s true that the digital is becoming an accepted part of the way we live now. But not everyone can jump on the bandwagon(跟风), since not everyone can access that version in the first place. This suggests a third ____16____ behind the trend: some people are paying more because performance and participation matter more in the new economy. That is, people are always paying more to be part of the new cool club, and today the cool club is digital.
Whether or not it is indeed fashionable to own the digital version, the reality remains that if the most accessible version of culture is the least ____17____, then not everyone gets to download culture. Besides, customers get fewer rights in a digital copy as the law won’t let them loan or resell their digital book or CD. That means we’re paying more to be ____18____ able to do less. Or, we buy it, but we don’t hold it.
This is the way we pay to own now and may be for the foreseeable future. That doesn’t mean we’ve become any less fascinated by ____19____. As Wilks said, possession is fundamentally human, and while we may change the concept of what and how we possess, we’ll still be possessed by possessions. In other words, we still own things. We may no longer show how well-read we are by _____20_____ hardcover Primo Levi on our bookshelves, but we can bring his work with us everywhere, without lugging around those heavy books.
【答案】11. E 12. H
13. F 14. J
15. K 16. D
17. A 18. G
19. B 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊上的电子书定价比纸质书高，为什么越来越多的人购买电子书呢?本文分析了在数字时代，电子书的优点和缺点。优点是它具有便利舒适的使用体验，比纸质书更耐用，查阅起来也更方便。但缺点是买家们无法真正得到拥有权，因为法律不允许他们像纸质书那样出借或转卖电子书。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：你会多花一美元而不能实际拥有这些书。根据空后的own可知，空处为副词，修饰动词own。再根据上文内容“If you were to buy the Complete Works of Primo Levi on Amazon, the price is $58.40. If, however, you preferred to download it to your e-reader, you would need to pay $59.49.”可知，电子书比纸质书价格高些，而电子书并不像纸质书那样可以有实际上的拥有。physically，副词，意为“身体上、实际上”，符合句意。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：亚马逊承认收到了邮件，但暂时没有回复。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词，再根据but之后的didn’t可知，时态为一般过去时。所有选项中只有H形式上符合。acknowledged，动词的一般过去式，意为“承认、认可”，符合句意，故选H。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：首先，我们已经达到了数字版本不会让我们失望的地步。分析上下文可知，本段是在举例说明人们越来越倾向选择电子虚拟产品的原因。根据下文“In fact, the digital copy is more durable than the hard one, as anyone who has scratched a CD would likely agree.”可知，下文提到的是电子产品的优势。所以空处指的是不会让我们失望。fail，动词原形，意为“失败、使失望”，符合上下文内容。故选F。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一方面，我们已经开始看到数字版本在某些方面更优越。空后继续说明了电子产品的优越性，所以空处指的是优越。superior，形容词，意为“更好的、更优越的”，符合句意。故选J。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：值得注意的是我们可以很快地消费一个产品，在书中可以跳到某个人物第一次出现的地方。分析句意可知，这里讲述的是电子产品的索引功能，所以是可以跳到任何想看的情节。skip，动词，意为“跳过”，符合句意。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：这暗示了这一趋势背后的第三个驱动力：一些人支付更多，因为业绩和参与在新经济中更重要。根据上文可知，前面已经列举了电子产品受欢迎的两个原因，这里应该是讲述了第三个原因。driver，名词，意为“驾驶员、驱动力”，符合文意。故选D。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不管拥有数字版本是否真的是一种时尚，现实仍然是，如果文化产品的最便捷版本并非人人负担得起，那么并不是每个人都能下载。根据下文“then not everyone gets to download culture.”可知，电子版本不是人人能承担得起。affordable，形容词，意为“可承担的起的”。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：这意味着我们花了更多的钱，享有的法律权利却更少了。根据上文的“Besides, customers get fewer rights in a digital copy as the law won’t let them loan or resell their digital book or CD.”可知，电子产品的价格更高，但是法律不允许购买者租借和倒卖，说明法律对于数字产品的使用有更多限制，换句话说我们花的钱多了，享受的法律权利却更少了。legally，副词，意为“法律上地”，修饰be able to do less。符合上下文文意。故选G。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不意味着我们没那么受到消费吸引了。上文提到了法律对于所购买电子产品的现状，但是空后又说“拥有”是人的最根本的人性。所以空处指的应该人们还是收到消费的吸引。consumption，名词，意为“消费”，符合句意。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可能不再通过在书架上展示精装版 Primo Levi来显示我们有多博学，但我们可以随身携带他的作品，而不必拖着那些沉重的书到处走。根据下文的“hardcover Primo Levi on our bookshelves”可知，不需要展示这些书籍。displaying，意为“展示”，符合介词后用v-ing形式，符合句意。故选C。
III. Reading Comprehension(45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have ____21____ that their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones. Today, however, ever more doctors are using the term literally.
On January 1st “gaming disorder”—in which games are played ____22____, despite causing harm— gains recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO), as the newest edition of its diagnostic manual comes into force.
A few months ago, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules ____23____ children to just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.
Western politicians worry publicly about some games’ similarity to gambling. Clinics are ____24____ around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine.
Are games really addictive? Psychologists are ____25____. The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic. In the old days, some killjoys issued ____26____ warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.
As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks before it eventually ____27____ to be controversial (有争议的). ____28____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a ____29____(of depression, say) as a disorder in its own right.
The prosecution (指控) retorts that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them irresistible. The motive _____30_____ a business-model shift.
In the old days games were bought for a single-use cost. These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from _____31_____ of in-game goods. That ties playtime directly to revenue.
Smartphones and modern platforms use their permanent internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be _____32_____ and modified to boost spending.
While psychologists argue the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction, and whether gaming’s design tricks cross the line, the industry should recognize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO _____33_____, diagnoses will become more common.
Clinics are already reporting _____34_____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting _____35_____. And being associated in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favors.
21. A. acknowledged B. confirmed C. complained D. sensed
22. A. willingly B. casually C. randomly D. compulsively
23. A. limiting B. exposing C. reducing D. subjecting
24. A. taking off B. springing up C. fading away D. turning around
25. A. hesitant B. authoritative C. split D. cautious
26. A. serious B. relevant C. bold D. similar
27. A. ceases B. continues C. attempts D. tends
28. A. Nevertheless B. Furthermore C. Vice versa D. Instead
29. A. diagnose B. treatment C. symptom D. definition
30. A. stems from B. results in C. evolves into D. amounts to
31. A. advertisements B. promotions C. deliveries D. purchases
32. A. widely-used B. repeatedly-recalled C. massively-funded D. fine-tuned
33. A. code B. qualification C. analysis D. shelter
34. A. frustrating B. flexible C. competitive D. booming
35. A. chillier B. more agreeable C. stricter D. more scientific
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。多年来，父母们经常抱怨他们的孩子对游戏“上瘾”。然而，今天，越来越多的医生从字面上使用这个术语。文章主要说明了心理学家对于游戏上瘾的不同看法以及作者认为游戏公司应该主动采取行动向研究人员提供更多的数据，来诊断成瘾问题。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，父母们一直在抱怨他们的孩子对他们的游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。A. acknowledged承认；B. confirmed确认；C. complained抱怨；D. sensed感觉。根据下文“their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones.”和常识可知，父母抱怨他们的孩子对游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：1月1日，“游戏障碍”——尽管会造成伤害，但仍强迫性地玩游戏——得到了世界卫生组织(WHO)的认可，因为最新版的诊断手册开始生效。A. willingly心甘情愿地；B. casually随意地；C. randomly任意地；D. compulsively强迫地。根据下文“despite causing harm”可知，上下文让步关系，尽管知道游戏会造成伤害，但是仍然强迫性地玩游戏。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，世界上最大的游戏市场中国宣布了新规定，限制儿童在周五、周六和周日每天只能玩一个小时的游戏，其余时间都不能玩。A. limiting限制；B. exposing揭露；C. reducing减少；D. subjecting使服从。根据下文“just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.”可知，中国颁布新法规，限制孩子玩游戏时间。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：诊所在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现，承诺用治疗酒精或可卡因成瘾的方法来治疗病人的玩游戏习惯。A. taking off起飞；B. springing up出现；兴起；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. turning around转身。根据“promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine”可知，世界各地承诺治疗游戏成瘾的诊所正在兴起。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家意见不一。 A. hesitant犹豫的；B. authoritative权威性的；C. split分裂的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic.”和“____8____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose.”可知，心理学家对此观点不一，分成了几个派别。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，一些扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说甚至填字游戏都发出了类似的警告。A. serious严重的；B. relevant相关的；C. bold大胆的；D. similar相似的。根据下文“warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.”可知，过去扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出过类似的严重警告。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为最新的大众媒体形式，游戏只是在股市中度过了自己的一段时间，才最终停止了争议。A. ceases停止；B. continues继续；C. attempts试图；D. tends趋向。根据上文“gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks”可知，游戏最终停止争议。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，辩护者认为，用于诊断游戏成瘾的标准过于宽松。A. Nevertheless尽管如此；B. Furthermore而且；C. Vice versa反过来也是一样地；D. Instead代替。根据下文“defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose”可知，这里进一步说明游戏成瘾的危害。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症（比如抑郁症），也可能是一种障碍。A. diagnose诊断；B. treatment治疗；C. symptom症状；D. definition定义。根据下文“of depression, say”可知，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其动机源于商业模式的转变。 A. stems from源于；B. results in导致；C. evolves into发展成；D. amounts to总计。根据下文“a business-model shift.”可知，游戏开发商动机来自商业模式的转变。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多游戏采用的是“免费增值”模式，即游戏是免费的，玩家可以通过购买游戏内的商品获利。A. advertisements广告；B. promotions提升；C. deliveries递送；D. purchases购买。根据下文“That ties playtime directly to revenue.(这将游戏时间与收入直接挂钩)”和常识可知，钱是从玩家购买游戏里的道具中赚来的。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得产品可以进行微调和修改，以促进消费。A. widely-used广泛使用的；B. repeatedly-recalled反复回忆的；C. massively-funded大规模地资助的；D. fine-tuned微调的。呼应下文“modified(修改)”，开发者对产品进行微调和修改。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在世界卫生组织有了游戏成瘾的官方规定，对游戏成瘾的诊断将变得更加普遍。A. code规定；B. qualification资格；C. analysis分析；D. shelter庇护。根据下文“diagnoses will become more common.”可知，世卫组织官方规定了游戏成瘾问题。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诊所表示生意兴隆，因为大封锁让玩家有更多的时间花在他们的游戏嗜好上。A. frustrating使人沮丧的；B. flexible灵活的；C. competitive竞争的；D. booming兴旺的。根据下文“as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，因为疫情封锁，玩家更多的时间花在游戏上使得诊所表示生意兴旺。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。A. chillier更寒冷的；B. more agreeable更愉快的；C. stricter更严格的；D. more scientific更科学的。根据上文“Clinics are already reporting ____14____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，疫情封锁让玩家有更多的时间玩自己的游戏，所以科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Once, Mama had read about geraniums in a magazine -- versatile, pretty, easy to grow - and, she became possessed with a vision of a house flooded with flowers. The notion inspired her into motion. She spent a small fortune on elegant plant stands, imported flowerpots and armies of fully grown geraniums. She could be like that: my mother always had sudden sprints of creativity.
She also asked for my help, and we squatted in the backyard together, arranging roots in their elegant containers. Mama wore long gardening gloves over her manicured hands, and her finger pressed soil into place with fastidiousness and even passion. She had bought me gloves too, but I refused to wear them.
“You’ll get so dirty, Perla.”
“I want to get dirty.”
“Ay, Perla,” she said, shaking her head. She said no more but beamed with irritation. My refusal disturbed the plan for how the geranium days should go, mother and daughter tending flowers and don’t they look picture perfect in their matching gloves? For half an hour she would not talk to me, but then she thawed, so absorbed in her project that she forgot my fault, or perhaps for fear that I might abandon the project altogether.
She needn’t have worried. I didn’t want to leave. It was a rare chance to spend time with my mother. I could scent her perfume and feel breaths without having to find anything to say. We often struggle to communicate with each other, beyond the essential good morning and good night, as though we were strangers or beginners of a language. I wanted to learn my mother’s language, if only to better understand her and to increase the chances of her understanding me. There is so much I longed to tell her as I squatted beside her, but I also feared that, If I started, other matters might leap out that were not meant to be spoken. Better not to risk the opening. Better not to attempt too much speech with my mother.
When all the flowers were ready in their pots, mama spent another day distributing them through the house. There were more flowers than any other house in our Buenos Aires -- so that when you entered, you felt as though you’re swimming through petals.
36. Based on paragraph 1, Perla viewed her mother’s decision to plant the geraniums as _________.
A. creative B. amusing C. unsurprising D. worthwhile
37. In paragraph 5, the underlined word “thawed”, probably means _________.
A. agreed B. complained C. softened D. denied
38. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Perla?
A. She volunteered to assist her mother in repotting the geraniums.
B. She exchanged her opinions on essential matters with her mother.
C. She was eager to learn a foreign language to better understand her mother.
D. She wanted to stay with her mother even without verbal communication.
39. The author wrote this passage in order to _________.
A. apologize for her misconduct in her childhood
B. praise her mother for her gardening skills
C. provide useful information for geraniums lovers
D. express her mixed emotions towards her mother
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 39. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和自己的母亲种植天竺葵的故事，作者和母亲之间用语言沟通不易，但是作者仍然深爱自己的母亲。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“She could be like that: my mother always had sudden sprints of creativity.”（她可能就是那样的：我母亲总是有突如其来的创造力。）可知，作者认为自己的母亲种植天竺葵这一决定是不足为奇的。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“For half an hour she would not talk to me”（有半个小时她不肯跟我说话）以及“so absorbed in her project that she forgot my fault, or perhaps for fear that I might abandon the project altogether.”（全神贯注于她项目，以至于她忘记了我的过错，或者可能是因为担心我可能会完全放弃这个项目。）可知，作者的母亲开始是恼怒的，之后变得友好，全神贯注于她的项目、忘记了作者的过错，推测划线单词表示“变得友好”，与softened同义。故选C项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It was a rare chance to spend time with my mother. I could scent her perfume and feel breaths without having to find anything to say.”（这是一次难得的与母亲共度时光的机会。我可以闻到她的香水味，感觉呼吸，而不需要找任何话来说。）可知，作者不需要找任何话跟母亲说，愿意和母亲共度时光，所以“即使没有语言交流，她也想和母亲待在一起”表述正确。故选D项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“There is so much I longed to tell her as I squatted beside her, but I also feared that, If I started, other matters might leap out that were not meant to be spoken. Better not to risk the opening. Better not to attempt too much speech with my mother.”（当我蹲在她身边时，我有太多的话想告诉她，但我也担心，如果我开始说，其他本来不该说的事情可能会跳出来。最好不要冒险开始。最好不要跟我妈妈说太多的话。）可知，作者希望和母亲交流，但是又担心说出不合适的事情，最后选择不和母亲说太多的话，所以作者写这篇文章是为了表达她对母亲的复杂的感情。故选D项。
(B)
Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings.
Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
La La Land’s opening scene is a six-minute dance that plays out in L.A.’s bad traffic. It is also where the film’s leading roles, struggling actress Mia and jazz pianist Sebastian, first encounter each other—in a road anger incident. The scene is said to have been filmed over two hot days in south L.A.
Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank
This is the setting for the scene in which Mia discovers Sebastian’s talent for the piano. The fictional Lipton’s restaurant---where jazz purist Sebastian was reluctant to play Christmas music---is in reality a place long frequented by actors, producers and other show business types. It has been on this spot, across the street from the Warner Bros studio, since 1949. In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.
Warner Bros Studios, Burbank
Mia works at the studio’s coffee shop, where Sebastian comes to meet her. As they wander the studio’s lot, Mia points out “ the window that Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman looked out in Casablanca.” It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history. Warner Brons is still a working studio, with 35 sound stages, 14 exterior sets and visitor tours.
Cathy’s Corner, Mount Hollywood Drive
This section of the road that winds through Griffth Park is the setting of their dance play. It overlooks the San Fernando Valley and features on the film poster. Cathy’s Corner is near famed Mulholland Drive, but prepare for disappointment if you’re expecting a park bench and street lamps, which only exist in the movie.
40. In order to encounter some film stars, you may go to _______.
A. Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange
B. Smokehouse Restaurant
C. Warner Bros Studio
D. Cath’s Corner
41. Mia mentioned the underlined sentence so as to _______.
A. stress Warner Bros is still in function
B. show respect for movies of previous generations
C. illustrate La La Land was filmed at Hollywood Center Studios
D. compare Mia and Sebastian’s love story with Humphrey and Ingrid
42. In which section of a website can you most probably find this passage?
A. Nature and Environment. B. City and Transport.
C. Travel and Recreation. D. Food and Health.
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。音乐剧《爱乐之城》(La La Land) 需要在洛杉矶40多个地点拍摄，为了配合该片在英国的上映，邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。文章对这些令人惊叹的场景做了介绍。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据Smokehouse Restaurant, Burbank中In the film, the outer wall of Lipton’s is the You are the Star mural (壁画). which features Marilyn Monroe, Charlie Chaplin and others, which is on the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Wicox Avenue in Hollywood in reality.“在影片中,Lipton的外墙是“你是明星”壁画,包括玛丽莲梦露,查理·卓别林和其他电影明星”。可知，为了遇到一些电影明星，你可以去Smokehouse Restaurant。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据划线部分的下文It’s one of the film’s numerous nods to movie history.这部电影对电影史的众多致敬之一。可知，Mia提到了划线的句子，是为了表达对前几代电影的致敬。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Shot in more than 40 locations in L.A., the musical La La Land is “a love letter to the city”. To coincide with UK release, we asked a local writer to pick some of the film’s amazing settings. 在洛杉矶40多个地方拍摄的音乐剧《爱乐之城》是“致城市的一封情书”。为了配合该片在英国上映，我们邀请了一位当地作家挑选了一些令人惊叹的电影场景。”可知，最可能在网站Travel and Recreation部分找到这篇文章。故选C。
(C)
According to a 2018 report, people aged between 16 and 24 make up 15 per cent of the population but only 10 per cent of museum-goers. Similarly, people of colour aged over 35 go half as much as you would expect from their population size.
We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap. Two answers to tackling this challenge lie in telling a greater diversity of art histories and communicating these stories in more modern and accessible ways.
If you have ever tried to power through reading a museums complex wall text, you know art discussions can be full of special terms. In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. Art history is about storytelling; art content shines when there is an effort to bring audiences along for the discussion.
More traditional institutions are paying attention. This summer, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles issued a social-media challenge for people to recreate paintings using items they had at home. Users displayed incredible creativity ---- toilet rolls featured frequently ---- and the museum was flooded with submissions. This reaction proves that there is a hidden desire for audiences to engage with art topics if the format is appealing.
Many people are intimidated (威胁) by art and feel that there’s a base level of understanding required to join the conversation. The Getty initiative embraced the visuality of art and served as a reminder that there are many pathways to engaging with it.
Another interesting byproduct of the Getty challenge was the attention given to a diversity of artworks. British opera singer Peter Brathwaite, for example, made scores of stunning recreations highlighting centuries of black portraiture, including a collaboration with London’s National Portrait Gallery. His efforts counter the perception that there are not many historical portraits of black figures. It is imperative (势在必行的) that we do a better job of showcasing the many complex and diverse stories that are represented in art. In doing so, we preserve more histories and welcome wider diversity of people.
Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it. Accounts have amassed tens of thousands of followers by dedicating their feeds to female artists, artists of of colour and more. Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.
But there is only so much that can be done without Britain’s museums and galleries changing meaningfully from within. We need to see a better balance of these stories represented in permanent collections. We also need a much wider diversity of people and interests represented on boards and executive teams.
Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.
43. Which of the following is NOT an example of the answers to tackling the challenge?
A. Engaging audiences in discussions in the podcast Art Matters
B. Holding pop-culture discussions with the charity Art UK
C. Encouraging people to recreate paintings with household items
D. Portraying historical black figures through art recreations
44. The podcast Art Matters bears the following features EXCEPT ________.
A. connecting art history to popular topics
B. having only a few special terms
C. being accessible to the poor and needy
D. engaging more diverse audiences
45. We can conclude from the passage that common audiences ________.
A. lack the ability to understand and talk about art history
B. prefer to view artworks and hear art stories on social media
C. long to engage with art topics and diverse art history stories
D. hope more people of colour are represented on museum boards
46. Which of the following best serves as the title for this passage?
A. Art for Change B. Don’t Fear Art
C. Art on Social Media D. Art for All
【答案】43. B 44. C 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章主要介绍了普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，他们想要参与艺术，但是缺乏理解和谈论艺术的渠道，因此人们需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences.( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。)”可知，与英国慈善艺术组织举行流行文化讨论的目的是吸引更年轻更多样化的观众，不是为了解决艺术和观众之间的脱节的问题。故选B。
44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In 2018, I started a podcast called Art Matters for the charity Art UK with the aim of discussing art from a pop-culture angle with topics that would engage younger and more diverse audiences. It offers an accessible pathway to art history with conversations on topics such as film, psychology and even Beyoncé, with few special terms. The series has been a useful way of connecting art to current events. ( 2018年，我为英国慈善艺术组织推出了一个名为“艺术事务”的播客，目的是从流行文化的角度讨论艺术，以吸引更年轻和更多样化的观众。它提供了一条通往艺术史的途径，主题包括电影、心理学甚至碧昂丝，几乎没有特别的术语。这个系列是将艺术与时事联系起来的一种有用方式。)”可知，“艺术事务”播客联系了艺术历史与流行话题 ，吸引更多样化的观众，有很少的术语，因此可知，能够接近穷人和有需要的人不是这个播客的特点。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Social media have offered a platform for people who have not traditionally had a seat at the table. Anyone can recognize a gap in the field and address it.( 社交媒体为那些传统上没有一席之地的人提供了一个平台。任何人都可以认识到该领域的差距并解决它)”和“Their followings are proof positive that there is a hunger to hear these art histories, and these themes work brilliantly for museum programming.(他们的追随者积极地证明了人们渴望听到这些艺术史，而这些主题对博物馆的规划效果非常出色。)”可推断，普通观众渴望参与到艺术主题和多样化的艺术史故事中来。故选C。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段的“We have reached the point of recognizing a disconnect between art and audiences but haven’t yet determined how to bridge the gap.( 我们已经认识到艺术和观众之间的脱节，但还没有查明如何弥合这一差距)”，和最后一段“Ensuring that art ---- and writing and talking about art ---- resonates throughout the population depends on the rising generation of storytellers, inside institutions and out, getting the funding and support they need to paint a brighter picture for the sector.( 确保艺术——写作和谈论艺术——在人群中产生共鸣，取决于正在崛起的一代讲故事的人，在机构内外，获得他们需要的资金和支持，为这个行业描绘一幅更光明的图景)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述普通人似乎离艺术很遥远，艺术应在人群中产生共鸣，艺术和观众之间脱节，需要能够连接艺术和观众的桥梁，因此推断D项“艺术为所有人”为最佳标题。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
We live in a world of advertising. Advertising is a pervasive method of marketing in society. Though the methods by which marketers advertise have changed over the decades, the role and purpose of advertising has shifted very little.
____47____. Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. What is being presented to the public is usually a product or service, such as a car or camera. Yet it may also be an idea, as in "Vote for Jones", or an event, as in "Watch the World Series on this channel tomorrow!” Without advertising, people would have a difficult time knowing where goods could be bought or even certain goods or services existed.
Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. ____48____ The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.
____49____ For example, radio and television ads are costly. But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.
Do business owners themselves think up all those ads? For the most part, they hire qualified agencies to create their advertising. An advertising agency plans a company’s ads. It also does research. It surveys the market and tests different approaches to determine the most effective way to sell the greatest amount of the product.
How can we be sure that an ad is accurate? Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent (欺骗性的) ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies. ____50____
A. Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.
B. Printed ads are found in newspapers and magazines.
C. Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.
D. Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.
E. Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.
F. Advertising developed with the rise of mass production in the late 19th century.
【答案】47. A 48. C 49. E 50. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广告这种无处不在的营销手段。
【47题详解】
根据下文“Whether presented in newspapers and magazines or on television or the Internet, it serves to promote a wide range of products. （无论是在报纸和杂志或电视或互联网上，它服务于推广广泛的产品。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告的作用。A项：Advertising is a means of bringing information to the public.（广告是向公众提供信息的一种手段。）符合语境。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据上文“Advertising began with town criers in ancient Greece, who called out the name of items available in the market. （广告始于古希腊的叫卖员，他们叫卖市场上可买到的商品的名称。）”和下文“The first printed ads appeared in England in 1480, and newspaper ads began in 1648. In the twentieth century extensive new fields for advertising opened up with the invention of radio and television.（第一次印刷广告出现在1480年的英国，报纸广告开始于1648年。在二十世纪，广播和电视的发明为广告开辟了广阔的新领域。）”可知，本段主要在介绍广告的历史发展进程。C项：Ancient Egyptians carved announcements on stones.（古埃及人把公告刻在石头上。）符合语境。故选C。
【49题详解】
根据下文“But they reach a vast audience. This makes them worthwhile and cost-effective for the advertisers. Newspaper ads can feature coupons or information that can be clipped and saved. Magazines often appeal directly to special groups, such as sports fans or teenagers. Other forms of advertising include direct mail, e-mail, billboards.（但它们的受众非常广泛。这使得它们对广告商来说是值得的和划算的。报纸广告可以以优惠券或信息为特色，可以剪切和保存。杂志经常直接吸引特殊群体，如体育迷或青少年。其他形式的广告包括直接邮寄，电子邮件，广告牌。）”可知，本段主要讲述了广告商会选择使用最适合他们的方式或媒体。E项中的“means”、“media”和下文中的“Newspaper ads ”、“magazines”对应。E项：Advertisers use whichever means, or media they think will work best for them.（广告商使用他们认为最适合他们的方式或媒体。）符合语境。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Two government agencies, the Federal Trade Commission and the Food and Drug Administration, check ads against false claims. The Postal Service watches for fraudulent ads sent by mail. State and local governments also have watchdog agencies.（两个政府机构，联邦贸易委员会和食品和药物管理局，检查广告，防止虚假声明。邮政服务监视通过邮件发送的虚假广告。州和地方政府也有监督机构。）”可知，本段主要讲述了对于虚假广告的惩罚。D项：Advertisers who trick the public face heavy fines or other punishment.（欺骗公众的广告商将面临重罚或其他惩罚。）符合语境。故选D。
IV. Summary Writing (10’)
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Biographers (传记作家) gather information from many different sources. Legal documents and personal papers can reveal facts such as a person’s birthplace, income, number of children, and lifespan. Letters or a diary may contain valuable information about the person’s friends and activities, thoughts and feelings. All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
A biographer also checks secondary sources. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her. Secondary sources supply secondhand information, and so a biographer must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the biography to be favorable, while others may wish it to be unfavorable. The biographer must avoid both extremes. The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible. This means the biography should include both good and bad qualities, both accomplishments and mistakes. James Boswell, the author of a great biography of his friend Samuel Johnson, wrote, “And he will be seen as he really was; for I profess to write, not his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and good as he was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect.”
Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards. Ancient records of the deeds of kings and emperors were written to praise and flatter these rulers. Writers of saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were often more interested in the moral message than the events of a life. Many 19th-century biographers did not reveal any improper or embarrassing details of their subjects’ lives. Though they may be interesting or inspiring, these works fail as biographies chiefly because their purpose is to point up a moral rather than describe an individual.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject. As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.) However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传记作家的资料来源以及作为一名合格的传记作家，应该客观、完整、真实地描述主题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①All of these materials are called primary sources because they contain firsthand information ---- information that does not depend on the opinions or interpretations of others.
②A biographer also checks secondary sources.
③The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died long ago, the biographer looks for anything written about him or her.
④The biographer’s job is not to make readers like or dislike the subject, but to give as complete and truthful a picture of the person as possible.
⑤Much biographical writing falls short of Boswell’s standards.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A biographer collects information from primary sources and secondary sources. The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully.
However, quite a few biographies fail to do so.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
The former contain firsthand information about the subject’s life, while the latter supply other people’s opinions about the subject.（while连接并列的句子）
[高分句型2]
As a qualified biographer, he should be objective in describing the subject completely and truthfully, (just as James Boswell did.)（describing为动名词作宾语）
V. Translation(15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 经过一系列调查，一支乱扔的烟被指为这场火灾的罪魁祸首。(blame)(汉译英)
【答案】After a series of investigations, a dropped cigarette was blamed for the fire．
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和时态。a series of“一系列”；be blamed for“因……而受指责”。名词cigarette 与drop之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为：After a series of investigations, a dropped cigarette was blamed for the fire．
53. 虽然网络上小视频广为流传，但鲜有兼具知识性和艺术性的原创作品。(as) (汉译英)
【答案】Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet, there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和让步状语从句的倒装结构。根据中文提示可知，本句时态应用一般现在时，表示“虽然网络上小视频广为流传”可用Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet，其中as表“虽然”，在这里引导让步状语从句，使用部分倒装，结构为：副词+as+主语+动词；表示“鲜有兼具知识性和艺术性的原创作品”应用句子there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry，其中with both knowledge and artistry作定语，修饰前面名词works ，用few 表示“几乎没有”，故翻译为Widely as small videos are spread on the Internet, there are few original works with both knowledge and artistry。
54. 无论手头事情多么重要或微不足道，我们都应该谨慎对待我们做的每一个决定，因为失之毫厘，差以千里。(difference) (汉译英)
【答案】No matter how significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.##However significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句，形容词短语、介词短语、定语从句和原因状语从句。陈述客观现象，谓语动词用一般现在时。“无论……多么……或……”表达为No matter how...or...或者however...or...，引导让步状语从句，how或however后接形容词；“手头的事情”表达为 the matter at hand，介词短语at hand为后置定语，修饰让步状语从句的主语the matter；“重要”表达为形容词significant，“微不足道”表达为形容词insignificant，都作为让步状语从句的表语。“谨慎对待”表达为形容词短语be cautious about，后接宾语“每一个决定”，可表达为名词every resolution；“我们做的”表达为we make，修饰every resolution，为限制性定语从句，先行词为物，且在从句中作宾语，关系代词that，也可省略，从句中用一般现在时，表经常性。“因为”表达为连接词because，引导原因状语从句；“失之毫厘，差以千里”，根据所给词difference，表达为one false step will make a great difference”，叙述一般真理可用情态动词will，后接动词短语make adifference，作宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：No matter how significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference./However significant or insignificant the matter at hand is, we should be cautious about every resolution (that) we make, becasue one false step will make a great difference.
55. 正是因为强烈的爱国主义情怀让这位生物学家在面对形形色色、难以抵制的名利诱惑时，毅然决然地选择回国效力。(It) (汉译英)
【答案】It was because of his strong patriotism that the biologist resolutely chose to return to China to work in the face of various and irresistible temptations of fame and fortune.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语、时态和强调句型。because of因为；choose to do sth.选择做某事；return to返回；in the face of 面对；fame and fortune功名。强调句结构为It is/was +强调部分+that从句，本句强调because of his strong patriotism。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为It was because of his strong patriotism that the biologist resolutely chose to return to China to work in the face of various and irresistible temptations of fame and fortune.
VI. Guided Writing(25’)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校英语报计划腾出一个版面专门刊登学生摄影作品，计划第一期的主题从“My winter vacation”、“People around me”及“The best scene on campus”中选择一个，现向全校同学征求意见。写一封邮件给英语报 读者来信专栏，内容须包括：
1)你推荐的专栏主题；
2)你的理由。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
Hearing that a photography section, scheduled to be added to our school English newspapers to present photography works from students, is seeking advice from the whole school, I am writing to recommend the theme of “People around me”. The reasons are as follows.
On one hand, society is an encyclopedia, which appeals to all of us students to explore. So, “People around me”, featuring the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, enriching our life experience. On the other hand, ordinary as the majority might be, they are making great difference to our lives, for example, those heroes in harm’s way serving our community during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their sense of responsibility and spirit of commitment will impress us students on campus, spurring us to respect them and learn from them, thus cultivating our good moral sentiment. To sum up, the theme is worth presenting.
I would appreciate it if you could consider my recommendation. Looking forward to the photography section early.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给学校的英语报写邮件，从“My winter vacation”、“People around me”及“The best scene on campus”三个主题中，为刊登学生摄影作品的新版面推荐一个专栏主题，并说出理由。
【详解】词汇积累
建议：advice→ suggestion
吸引：appeal to→ attract
敬重：respect→ show respect for
考虑：consider→take into account
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：So, “People around me”, featuring the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, enriching our life experience.
拓展句：So, “People around me”, which features the photos of people from all walks of life, will enable us to gain a deeper insight into the happiness and sorrows of others, which will enrich our life experience.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Their sense of responsibility and spirit of commitment will impress us students on campus, spurring us to respect them and learn from them and cultivating our good moral sentiment. （运用了现在分词作伴随状语，动词不定式作补语）
【高分句型2】I would appreciate it if you could consider my suggestion. （运用了it作形式宾语）
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