中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类一（含答案）

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一、阅读理解（共5题）1、                The World’s Water Shortage    The world is not only hungry, but it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70 percent（百分比）of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97 percent of this huge amount is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3 percent－the fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources（资源）. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers（冰川）. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.     However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing（增加）rapidly－almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid（避免）a severe（严重的）worldwide water shortage later on.     We all have to learn how to stop wasting our valuable water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it.     Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system（下水道）. From there it returns to the sea or runs into underground storage tanks. But it is possible to pipe used water to a purifying（净化）plant. There it can be treated with chemicals so that it can be used again, just as if it were fresh from a spring.     But even if every large city purified and reused its water, we still would not have enough. All we’d have to do to make use of the vast reserves（贮备）of sea water in the world is to remove the salt.     If we take these steps we’ll be in no danger of drying up.   1. The world is thirsty for water because we can only use _________ percent of the water covering the surface of the earth.     A. 3      B. more than 3     C. less than 3        D. 97  2. Which of the following statements is Not true?     A. As things remain unchanging, this small amount of fresh water is still enough for us.     B. Our need for water is becoming larger and larger.     C. There will be no water shortage in the future.     D. We should take steps to deal with the water shortage problem.   3. To reuse water, we should __________.     A. treat it with chemicals     B. use it only once     C. send it out into a sewer system     D. make it flow into underground tanks   4. In order to have enough water, we should also make use of _________.     A. icebergs and glaciers     B. sea water     C. rivers and lake     D. underground water   5. In the passage, the writer tells us ________.     A. to make enough water     B. to pay more attention to the water shortage problem     C. to pipe used water to a purifying plant     D. to reuse the water 2、 Pollution    Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.     Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution （污染）. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.     Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog（烟雾）.     Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.     We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.     Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.   1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _______.     A. there were not any modern machines     B. there was no modern medicine     C. both A and B    D. there were not many people   2. What is the biggest problem in today’s life?     A. Water pollution   B. Air pollution     C. Noise       D. Pollution  3. The most serious kind of pollution is ________.     A. noise pollution   B. air pollution    C. water pollution   D. A, B and C  4. Factories must clean their water ________.     A. before they are thrown away     B. when they are thrown away     C. after it is thrown away     D. before it is thrown away   5. From the passage we know that ________.     A. a few years ago, there was no smog at all     B. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice     C. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes’     D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution3、 There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live.The first great invention was one that is still very important today-the wheel.This invention made it easier to carry heavy things andto travel long distances.In the early 1800s the world started to change.There was little unknown land in the world.People began to work to make life better.In the 19th century,many great inventions were made.Among them were the cameras and the light bulbs.There were more great inventions in the early 20th century,such as the helicopters in 1907,movies with sound in 1910 and jet planes in the 1930s.This was also a time when a new material was first made.Nylon came out in 1935.It changed the kind of clothes people wear.By this time most people have had a very good life.Man has a desire to explore more.The world was known to man but the stars were not.Man began looking for ways to go into space.Russia made the first step.Since then other countries,including the United States and China,have made their steps into space.In 1969 man took his biggest step.An American first walked on the moon.This is certainly just a beginning.New inventions will some day allow us to do things we have never dreamed of.1.This passage mainly talks about ________.A.why cars were very importantB.when the light bulb was inventedC.which country made the first step into spaceD.the process(进程)of inventions2.Nylon came out nearly at the same time as _______.A.the helicopterB.the cameraC.jet planesD.movies3._______ made the first step into space.A.RussiaB.ChinaC.AmericaD.Japan4.What does"a desire"mean in Paragraph 4?A.a good wayB.a new inventionC.a strong wishD.a wonderful idea5.Which of the followings is NOT true?A.The wheel was the first great invention,but it is not very important today.B.An American first stepped on the moon.C.In the early 1800s there was little unknown land.D.New inventions will change our lives greatly in the future.4、 Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older.But this is not true,according to Dr Jarvik,professor of psychiatry at the University of California.She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example,one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins(双胞胎),who were first examined when they were already 60 years old.As Dr Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s,their minds did not generally decline(衰弱)as was expected.However,there was some decline in their psycho-motor speed.This means that it took them longer to finish mental tasks than it used to.But when speed was not a factor,they lost very little intellectual(智力的)ability over the years.In general,Dr Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability.This is true not only with those in their 30s and 40s,but with those in their 60s and 70s as well.It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was.However,much of what we call“loss of memory”is not that at all.There usually was incomplete learning in the first place.For example,the older person perhaps had trouble hearing,or poor vision,or was trying to learn the new thing at too fast a speed.In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to get worse,it is not necessarily a sign of decline due to old age.Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.小题1:This passage is mainly about _______.A．what caused mental decline B．a new discovery about mental decline C．the difference between middle-aged and older persons D．how Dr Jarvik studied mental functioning of the twins小题2:The word“psychiatry”in paragraph 1 most probably means _______.A．the study of diseases of the mind B．the study of physical diseases C．the study of twins’growth D．the study of human behavior小题3:More often than not,what we call mental decline is actually a sign of _______.A．a worsening state of health B．old age C．nervous tension D．a state of unhappiness5、 Every morning,the newspaper chief editor(主编)holds a meeting with the reporters.They discuss the main events(事件)of the day.Reporters are then sent to cover the events.As soon as the reporters know what to write about,they get down to work.They telephone people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview with them.Sometimes they do telephone interviews.Checking information is very important.They go to the newspaper’s own library to look up any information that they need.This is called“doing one’s homework”.At the same time,the picture editor decides which photographs will be used for the next day’s paper.All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast.Reporters have to stop working on one story and start working at once on the important new one.They must find out the new information as quickly as possible.Later in the day,everything is put together at the news desk.Reporters return,type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor.The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.Sometimes this will have to be changed if something more important happens late in the day.Other editors read the stories which the reporters have written and make any necessary changes.Finally,there is no more time left for adding new stories,and the time for printing(印刷)the newspaper has come.This is done on fast-moving printing machines.The newspapers are then delivered(发送)by truck,plane or rail.Speed is important.People want to buy the latest newspaper;nobody wants to buy yesterday’s.小题1:What is the work in a newspaper office like?A．Interesting and confusing B．Important and patient.C．Particular and necessary.D．Fast and busy.小题2:According to the passage,the right order for a reporter’s work is ____________.a.writing stories b.doing interviews c.joining in a discussiond.doing homework e.handing stories to the editorA．cbade B．cdeab C．cbdae D．cadbe小题3:The front page contents(内容)are decided by ___________.A．the importance of the events B．how well the stories are writtenC．the knowledge of the chief editor D．whether they are the latest小题4:Word editors’work is to ____________.A．help the chief editor with the morning discussionB．decide when and how the papers can be printedC．read the stories and make necessary changesD．get together information from reporters and photographers小题5:The best title for this passage is“____________”.A．How a newspaper is produced B．How newspapers are deliveredC．What kind of papers readers like D．Whose work is more important ============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、  CCABB2、 CDBDD3、 答案：DCACA解析：科普类的阅读：科普类的阅读理解包含介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等。如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。4、 小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
试题分析：人们往往认为随着年龄的增长，人的智力有所下降，而且大脑功能也变得不再活跃。然而加利福尼亚大学的Dr Jarvik却通过研究发现人大脑的知识和推理能力不会随着人的年龄而减弱，只不过在思考问题的速度上有所减缓，而且表面上记忆力的衰退也不过是因为他们对事情没有全面了解而已。
小题1:B主旨大意题。在文章开头作者提出人们对大脑的错误认识，然后介绍了大学的Dr Jarvik的研究结果，随后两段均围绕这一话题展开行文，由此可知文章中心内容是介绍一项关于大脑智力下降的研究报告，所以B选项正确。
小题2:A词意猜测题。根据下文可知Dr Jarvik是从事大脑方面疾病研究的，由此推断psychiatry意思为“精神病学”所以A选项正确。
小题3:D细节理解题。根据文章末句Often it is simply a sign of a sad emotional state.可知人们往往认为metal decline 只是一种不快乐状态的征兆、表现。所以D选项正确。5、 答案:小题1:D小题1:C小题1:A小题1:C小题1:A解析:小题1:通过短文描述，可知报社的工作是忙碌的，故选D，紧急忙碌的。小题1:通过阅读短文，可知下列事件的顺序是cbdae，故选C。小题1:根据The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.描述，可知首页内容有事件的重要性决定。故选A。小题1:根据Other editors read the stories which the reporters have written and make any necessary changes.描述，可知这属于文字编辑的工作，故选C。小题1:这篇短文主要描述了一家报社的工作人员一天的工作，故选A，报纸是怎样产生的。