中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文二（含答案）

一、阅读理解（共5题）

1、 Having a picnic is one of the great pleased activities in summer. There are some things you should think about.

Packing ( 打包 ) your foods

Before you set off, check if your food box is shut closely. If it’s a hot summer’s day, then a cool box will be useful for keeping your picnic foods.

Don’t forget to pack cups or bottles for drinks.

Food safety

You should keep things like meat pies, fish and dairy dishes in cold boxes. You’d better keep your foods on ice for as long as possible before you eat them. Finally, carry some hand sanitizers ( 洗手液 ). Make sure that everyone’s hands are clean before they touch the foods.

Delicious snacks

After you have prepared the main dishes, it’s time to pack some snacks. Chips, chocolate candies and cookies are considered great picnic snacks. They are very delicious, of course, but be careful not to eat too many of them.

31 ． What should you do first before going out for a picnic from the article?

A ． Eat sandwiches.

B ． Carry some hand sanitizers.

C ． Make sure the food box is shut closely.

32 ． What do you pack for drinks?

A ． Cups. B ． Boxes. C ． Chopsticks.

33 ． What are good picnic snacks from the article?

A ． Chips. B ． Hamburgers. C ． Chocolate drinks.

34 ． According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?

A ． You should prepare main dishes after having packed snacks.

B ． A cool box is very useful when you go for a picnic in summer.

C ． When you have a picnic, you can eat as many snacks as you want.

35 ． What is the article mainly about?

A ． Making a picnic. B ． Enjoying a picnic. C ． Preparing a picnic.

2、

A tree has roots. People have roots too. If you get to the root of a problem, you will solve it. It’s the same thing with words. Dig deeply into a big, unfamiliar word and you will understand where it came from.

As readers, especially those reading in a second language, we need to deal with the text as if we were detectives ( 侦探 ) looking for information to unlock the unknown. Like any good detective arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.

As you know, prefixes ( 前缀 ) and suffixes ( 后缀 ) can be added to the beginning or end of words to change the meaning. Know them, and you will have the word building power. But root words are the key. Take time to learn a few of these, put them in your memory, and you will become a master word detective.

Let’s look at one common root word used in English. “Alter” from the Latin word means “other”. When you meet this root word, you know that the bigger word has something to do with “other”. Examine the word “alternate”. Can you find the Latin root in it?

Learn as many root words as possible in the language you are studying. Then use your “rooting for words” skills. Like any new skill, practice and hard work are always paid back.

26 ． What does the underlined word “ it ” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A ． The situation. B ． The crime scene.

C ． A new and difficult word. D ． Everything that is known.

27 ． If Jim and Lily go to the movies, which one below is “alternating paying”?

A ． They each pay half. B ． Jim pays every time.

C ． They take turns paying. D ． Their parents pay for them.

28 ． How does the author explain his ideas about root words?

A ． By giving a fact. B ． By taking an example.

C ． By telling a story. D ． By having a discussion.

29 ． “Sen” from the Latin word means “old”. Which word uses this Latin root?

A ． My brother is my senior by two years. B ． He was ill so he was absent from school.

C ． A criminal was sentenced to death by law. D ． 60 students were present at the sports meeting.

30 ． Which of the following shows the structure ( 结构 ) of the passage?

(①=paragraph 1 ②=paragraph 2,…)

A ． B ． C ． D ．

3、

①Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon （碳） ? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet （日常饮食） ?

②A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in western diets. Among these, plant-based （基于植物的） foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.

③According to the study’s lead researcher, Michael Clark, “Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment.” That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.

④To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion （一份） of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also find out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.

⑤By using this method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane （甲烷） that keeps 30 times more heat than CO 2 . As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.

⑥Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.

⑦Speaking to the Guardian, Tim Benton of Chatham House said, “If we can give people reasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place.”

根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。

31 ． Which one is animal-based food?

A ． Milk products. B ． Fruits. C ． Potatoes. D ． Vegetables.

32 ． What’s the result of this study?

A ． Many people choose to walk to work. B ． Plant-based diets are healthier and greener.

C ． The more we eat, the better the environment is. D ． 15 foods common in western diets are not healthy.

33 ． What is the main idea of paragraph⑤?

A ． The harm of CO 2 . B ． The risk of heart trouble.

C ． A reason for keeping animals. D ． Two disadvantages of red meats.

34 ． What does “ benefits ” in paragraph mean in Chinese?

A ．问题 B ．方式 C ．益处 D ．状况

35 ． What will this study probably be used for?

A ． Teaching farmers to plant vegetables correctly. B ． Offering doctors new methods to treat patients.

C ． Guiding people to lose weight by doing exercise. D ． Giving official advice on health and environment.

4、

Do you ever find yourself standing in front of rubbish bins, not sure whether the piece of waste in your hand is recyclable or not? To solve this problem, four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort( 分类 ) the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.

Connected to a computer, the bin uses a camera to tell the kind of the waste it receives and sorts it into plastic, paper, glass, or other kinds. To make sure the bin can sort waste correctly, the team tested every product in the school shop and took at least500 pictures of each one. “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles( 角度 ), so it has a better rate of accuracy ,” said one of the students who built the AI system.

The idea of the smart bin was born two years ago, when the students were in Grade Ten. At that time, people from the city crowded into their village because of the COVID-19. They left behind a lot of rubbish and caused more pollution.

“All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”

The students decided to develop a special recycling bin that would encourage people to protect the environment. Although school ended at 2 pm, the team would continue to work on their invention until 6 or 7 pm at school. Even when their school was closed last year, they would still meet and work together online.

“Our bin is now in its third generation( 代 ). Before graduation, we hope it can be widely used in the city.” The students said, “Then it will be easier than ever for people to recycle and protect our environment.”

36 ． According to the first paragraph we know the ________ of Waste Collection Point.

A ． price B ． size C ． use

37 ． The underlined words “rate of accuracy” mean “________” in Chinese.

A ．精准度 B ．参与度 C ．知名度

38 ． This chart shows why Waste Collection Point was developed. Which is the missing part?

A ． the hit of the COVID-19 B ． villagers’ encouragement C ． picking up rubbish around

39 ． This passage is mainly about ________.

A ． four young inventors B ． a new invention C ． the rubbish problem

40 ． How is this passage organized( 组织 )? (P=Paragraph)

A ． B ． C ．

5、

The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics was a great success. China has kept the promise to hold a green Olympics. Many green actions made it possible, like providing environmentally friendly smart beds, using new energy( 能源 ) cars, supporting sporting places with 100% clean energy and reusing rain and snow water.

Take making ice as an example. China didn’t use R507, a common material to make ice, because it isn’t friendly enough to the environment. Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.

A net of tubes runs under the ice. High-pressure liquid( 液态 ) CO₂ goes through them to create heat( 热 ) exchange. The CO₂ evaporates( 蒸发 ) under the ice surface. The evaporation takes in heat and turns water on the surface into ice. And the CO₂ goes into another circle. This technology helps to make ice better and faster. And above all, it is much greener because there’s no new CO₂ produced. Among all the 15 ice sporting places in the Winter Olympics, 7 used the CO₂ direct cooling technology to make ice. As a result, much less pollution was caused.

Beijing did so much more to save energy. Beijing built the new sporting places with green materials. As for the old ones, Beijing used new glass walls to take the place of traditional walls to let more natural light in. 70% of the waste heat was also reused to keep warm and dry. And a large number of new energy cars were used at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.

The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is the first to truly achieve carbon neutrality( 碳中和 ), and it has set new standards in green technologies. Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.

36 ． How long did it take China to develop the CO₂ direct cooling technology?

A ． 18 months. B ． 100 weeks. C ． 15 days. D ． 7 years.

37 ． The writer writes Para. 3 to show ________.

A ． why the CO₂ goes into another circle

B ． how the new ice-making technology helped

C ． how sporting places used the new technology

D ． why the liquid CO₂ runs through the net of tubes

38 ． According to the passage, we can infer( 推断 ) that ________.

A ． all the buildings will be built with glass walls in the near future

B ． the CO₂ direct cooling technology may be widely used in the world

C ． the high-pressure liquid CO₂ will totally take the place of R507 soon

D ． no new standards in green technologies may be set after the Olympics

39 ． Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A ． A New Green Ice-making Technology

B ． Green Technologies Used in Sports

C ． A Shared Future of Green Development

D ． The Green Beijing Winter Olympics

============参考答案============

一、阅读理解

1、

C 32 ． A 33 ． A 34 ． B 35 ． C

【导语】本文主要介绍了一些为野餐准备的事情。

31 ．细节理解题。根据 “Before you set off, check if your food box is shut closely” 可知，在你出发之前，检查你的食品盒是否关紧了，故选 C 。

32 ．细节理解题。根据 “Don’t forget to pack cups or bottles for drinks” 可知，别忘了带饮料的杯子或瓶子，故选 A 。

33 ．细节理解题。根据 “Chips, chocolate candies and cookies are considered great picnic snacks” 可知，薯片、巧克力糖果和饼干被认为是很棒的野餐零食，故选 A 。

34 ．细节理解题。根据 “If it’s a hot summer’s day, then a cool box will be useful for keeping your picnic foods” 可知，如果这是一个炎热的夏天，那么一个凉爽的盒子会对你的野餐食物很有用，故选 B 。

35 ．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一些为野餐准备的事情，故选 C 。

2、

C 27 ． C 28 ． B 29 ． A 30 ． B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍学习语言的一些方法。

26 ．推理判断题。根据 “the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to judge the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand what it means.” 可知，当遇到一个新的和困难的单词时，第一件要做的事情是判断情况，查看所有已知的东西，看看它是否有助于我们理解它的意思。此处 it 指的是 “ 一个新的和困难的单词 ” ，故选 C 。

27 ．推理判断题。根据 “If you and your friend like to eat out, first you pay and the other pays the next time. You are alternating paying.” 可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，你先付钱，下次由对方付钱。 “alternating paying” 的意思是 “ 轮流付钱 ” ，故选 C 。

28 ．推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释他对词根的看法，故选 B 。

29 ．推理判断题。根据 “ ‘Sen’ from the Latin word means ‘old’.” 可知， “Sen” 来自拉丁语，意思是 “ 老 ” ，结合选项 “My brother is my senior by two years.” 表示 “ 我哥哥比我大两岁 ” 与之相符，故选 A 。

30 ．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出主题；第二段介绍处理文本时需要注意的东西；第三、四段介绍前后缀和词根的问题；第五段总结。故选 B 。

3、

A 32 ． B 33 ． D 34 ． C 35 ． D

【导语】本文主要介绍了低碳的日常饮食方式 —— 植物性饮食，这种生活方式不仅对人们的健康有好处，对保护环境也有益处。

31 ．细节理解题。根据 “It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.” 可知，动物性食物包括红肉、鸡肉、奶制品、鸡蛋和鱼，故选 A 。

32 ．细节理解题。根据 “That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment” 可知，植物性饮食对我们来说更健康，对环境更友好，故选 B 。

33 ．主旨大意题。根据 “Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane （甲烷） that keeps 30 times more heat than CO 2 ” 及 “As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble” 可知，第五段主要介绍了红肉的两个缺点，故选 D 。

34 ．词义猜测题。根据 “Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way” 可知，植物性饮食可以以更绿色的方式给我们带来同样的健康益处，所以 benefits 表示 “ 益处 ” ，故选 C 。

35 ．推理判断题。根据 “If we can give people reasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place” 可知，目的是为了提供健康和环境方面的官方建议，故选 D 。

4、

C 37 ． A 38 ． C 39 ． B 40 ． B

【导语】本文主要介绍了一项新的发明 —— 智能垃圾箱。

36 ．细节理解题。根据 “smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort( 分类 ) the waste.” 可知它使用人工智能对垃圾进行分类，所以根据第一段我们可以知道它的使用，故选 C 。

37 ．词义猜测题。根据 “To train the AI, we had to take many photos from different angles” 可知从不同的角度拍摄许多照片，是为了让人工智能的准确度更高，故选 A 。

38 ．细节理解题。根据 ““All the bins were full, and there was even rubbish on the mountain,” the students recalled, “Every weekend, we had to join the villagers in picking up the waste.”” 可知所有的垃圾箱都满了，山上甚至还有垃圾，每个周末，他们都要和村民一起捡垃圾，所以此处应该是捡垃圾，故选 C 。

39 ．主旨大意题。根据 “ four Hong Kong high school students have invented a smart rubbish bin that uses AI to sort the waste. The students named the bin Waste Collection Point.” 以及通读全文可知本文主要介绍了一项新的发明 —— 智能垃圾箱。故选 B 。

40 ．篇章结构题。第一段是整体介绍智能垃圾箱，点名主题；第二段介绍垃圾箱的使用；第三、四、五段介绍是如何产生智能垃圾箱的想法；第六段介绍垃圾箱的升级以及四名高中生的期望。故选 B 。

5、

A 37 ． B 38 ． B 39 ． D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍北京 2022 年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。

36 ．细节理解题。根据 “Through 18 months’ hard work, China independently developed the CO₂ direct cooling technology.” 可知，历史 18 个月，中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。故选 A 。

37 ．段落大意题。分析第三段内容可知，本段主要是介绍二氧化碳直接冷却技术是如何运作来制冰的，故选 B 。

38 ．推理判断题。根据 “As a result, much less pollution was caused.” 和 “Some newspapers say China has set an example for the world in environmental protection and green development.” 可知，造成的污染减少了，且一些报纸称，中国在环境保护和绿色发展方面为世界树立了榜样。由此推知， 二氧化碳直接冷却技术在世界范围内具有广泛的应用前景，故选 B 。

39 ．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍北京 2022 年冬奥会实现了绿色奥运的承诺，以及中国自主研发出了二氧化碳直接冷却技术。选项 D“ 绿色北京冬奥会 ” 符合主题，故选 D 。