中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文一（含答案）

这是一份中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 说明文一（含答案），共10页。
一、阅读理解（共5题）1、 It’s often said, “You can’t live only on air.” But now the Chinese scientists can tell you: Maybe you can. Recently, some Chinese scientists have made a big breakthrough ( 突破 ). They turned CO 2 into starch ( 淀粉 ). Starch is the main part of rice and corn that we eat every day. Usually, it’s created by plants with CO 2 , water and sunlight. According to the team’s director Ma Yanhe, it takes the plants nearly sixty steps to produce starch. But now, the team, after six years of hard work, has found a simpler way to do this, with only eleven steps. “Our study shows that creating something like starch is possible in a laboratory, and this technology may be helpful in many areas,” said Ma. The scientists first turned CO 2 and hydrogen ( 氢气 ) into methanol ( 甲醇 ). Then they made these methanol molecules ( 分子 ) into bigger and more complex ( 复杂的 ) molecules. Finally the starch came out. This method makes it possible to produce food in factories instead of traditional farming. This will not only help make plenty of food, but also save water and land. It may also help recycle CO 2 to deal with climate ( 气候 ) change, according to China Daily. The study can be helpful in space, too. Astronauts may no longer need to worry about their food as they travel in space. They may simply turn the CO 2 they breathe out into the food they eat! 36 ． What achievement have the Chinese scientists made recently? A ． They created starch with CO 2 . B ． They grew corn in space. C ． They turned O 2 into starch. D ． They improved traditional farming. 37 ． How many steps do the scientists need to produce starch now? A ． 3. B ． 6. C ． 11. D ． 60. 38 ． What did the scientists do first to make starch? A ． They recycled CO 2 in space. B ． They produced rice and corn on the farm. C ． They turned CO 2 and hydrogen into methanol. D ． They made methanol molecules into bigger and more complex ones. 39 ． The technology may be helpful in the following areas EXCEPT ________. A ． making food B ． putting sunlight to good use C ． saving water and land D ． dealing with climate change 40 ． What’s the best title of the passage? A ． How to Deal with CO 2 B ． The Advantages of Making Starch C ． How to Make Food in Space D ． China’s First Step in Man-made Food 2、 Now, more and more people have difficulties in falling asleep. “In fact, we can train our brain to fall asleep,” says sleep expert Michael Grandner. Here are his top ways. Make a plan and stick to it. Melatonin ( 褪黑素 ) is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, telling the body that it’s time for bed. And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes near, getting you ready to greet the day. The release ( 释放 ) of melatonin needs to be at regular ( 有规律的 ) times. So if your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day, your body doesn’t know how to respond ( 回应 ). So it’s important to have a regular bedtime and wake up time, even on weekends. Don’t lie in bed awake. In fact, this way is very helpful. Whether it’s the beginning of the night or the middle of the night, if you’ve been awake for 20 or 30 minutes, get up. Maybe you just need five minutes to get sleepy, or maybe an hour, but don’t spend that time awake in bed. Change your attitude ( 态度 ) about sleep. Many people regard sleeping as the final thing in a busy day, so they would rather delay sleeping to do housework, schoolwork or others. That thought needs to be changed. Make sure your sleep time is enough in order to work better the next day. It may sound like a small change, but it’s an important one. 31 ． Michael Grandner gives us ________ ways in this passage. A ． one B ． two C ． three D ． four 32 ． When do the levels of melatonin rise? A ． When you’re tired. B ． When night falls. C ． When you feel sleepy. D ． When daylight comes. 33 ． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A ． A rise in melatonin levels tells the body it’s the bedtime. B ． Enough sleep time can’t make you work better the next day. C ． It’s not necessary for us to sleep or wake up at a regular time. D ． It’s best to stay in bed if you’re awake too long during the night. 34 ． What does the underlined word “delay” mean in Chinese? A ．暗示 B ．督促 C ．调理 D ．推迟 35 ． What is the passage mainly about? A ． The importance of sleeping well. B ． The change of bedtime and wake-up time. C ． When to go to bed and wake up. D ． How to train your brain for better sleep. 3、 A Chinese knot ( 中国结 ) is woven ( 编织 ) with a single rope ( 绳 ). It has different shapes. Each shape has its own meaning. People can use ropes of different colors to weave a Chinese knot, but they usually use red because it means good luck. The Chinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to record information and send messages before they started to use words. The knots were used for decoration ( 装饰 ) and to express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But this art wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty. Even today, Chinese knots still hold the value of feelings when they are sent as gifts. For example, lovers may give a knot to show their love. The “double happiness knot” is given and used at weddings ( 婚礼 ) to express each other’s love and wishes for growing old together. Knots are also used when people make traditional clothes in China. They can play the role of buttons ( 纽扣 ) and now silk is widely used to make these clothing knots. Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips. There are many shopping streets for people to buy Chinese knots. Yiwu Commodity Market in Zhejiang Province is a good place for that. There are many different kinds of beautiful Chinese knots there. They are popular with customers. 26 ． ________ of a Chinese knot can show its own meaning. A ． The size B ． The weight C ． The color D ． The shape 27 ． Why do people usually use red ropes to weave the Chinese knots? A ． Because they look nice. B ． Because they mean good luck. C ． Because they show love. D ． Because they mean growing old together. 28 ． When did Chinese common people really accept the folk art? A ． In the Tang Dynasty. B ． In the Song Dynasty. C ． In the Ming Dynasty. D ． In the Qing Dynasty. 29 ． What is widely used to make traditional clothing buttons now? A ． Wood. B ． Metal. C ． Silk. D ． Plastic. 30 ． Which of the following is NOT true? A ． Only Chinese people like to buy the Chinese knots. B ． Today people use a “double happiness knot” to express love to their lovers. C ． Tourists can buy many different kinds of Chinese knots in Yiwu Commodity Market. D ． People used Chinese knots to record information and send messages before using words. 4、 David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant （移植） on January 7th, 2022. He died two months later on March 9th. It may sound like a failure, but it actually is a big step forward for xenotransplantation （异种器官移植） . Xenotransplantation has been a hot topic in medical research for many years.Doctors and scientists look for ways to solve the big problem of organ （器官） transplant waiting lists. In the US alone, over 100,000 patients are on a list waiting for new organs. Many of them will die before getting their chance to receive a heart, a kidney （肾） or other important organs. As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs. Doctors have experimented with xenotransplantation since the early 20th century. There are few success stories. Usually, patients’ bodies reject （排斥） the animal organs. Bennet lived much longer than other xenotransplantation patients. That’s because scientists removed pig genes （基因） that would cause fast rejection. Then they added human genes to help the body accept the organ. In fact, Bennett’s case was not the only success. Doctors at New York University attached （连接） gene-edited pig kidneys to a human patient’s blood vessels （血管） outside of the body in 2021. Doctors at University of Alabama put the gene-edited pig kidneys inside a patient’s body in the same year. Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation. “A lot of new information will come out. The development of this field will benefit from it and move forward at faster speed.” Muhammad Mohiuddin, director of the transplant program, told The Guardian. 31 ． How long did David Bennett live after the pig heart transplant? ________ A ． 9 months B ． 3 months. C ． 2 months. D ． 1 month. 32 ． What can we infer （推断） from Paragraph 3? ________ A ． Human organs are expensive. B ． Many patients died because of the organ transplant. C ． Compared with human organs, animal organs are easier to get. D ． Patients cannot accept the animal organs in their bodies. 33 ． According to Paragraph 4, what may the main problem of xenotransplantation be? ________ A ． Patients’ ideas. B ． Bodies’ rejection. C ． The high price. D ． The number of organs. 34 ． What does the underlined word “benefit” mean in Chinese in the last paragraph? ________ A ．得益 B ．赞扬 C ．传播 D ．涉及 35 ． What does the writer think of xenotransplantation? ________ A ． It should be stopped because of the death cases. B ． It has become more and more popular. C ． It is too difficult to carry on. D ． It is valuable and worth researching. 5、 Do you think only humans are crazy about electronic products? You are wrong. 12 zoos in the United States and Canada have carried out ( 实施 ) a programme called Apps for Apes ( 大猩猩 ). It has found that the apes are also interested in playing iPads. “We find that, similar to people, the apes like touching the screen and watching short videos,” said Richard Zimmerman, a manager of the programme. The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week. Every time, they spend from 15 minutes to half an hour using different apps in iPads. They are most interested in apps for children, such as drawing, music and memory games. Zimmerman said, “It’s like when we’re showing pop-up books ( 立体书 ) to children. The apes are among the most intelligent ( 智能的 ) animals, they are as clever as young children.” The workers in the zoo are also studying how communication apps can help the apes better. “We find that an ape has a toothache. He would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way,” said Zimmerman. The programme wants to make people pay attention to the living problems of apes in the wild. The apes are in danger because people cut down too many forests. 36 ． How many times can the apes play iPads in a week? A ． Two times. B ． Three times. C ． Four times. 37 ． Which of the following apps can make apes most interested in? A ． Working. B ． Shopping. C ． Painting. 38 ． What can we learn about apes from the article? A ． Apes can make pop-up books. B ． Apes are as smart as young children. C ． Apes use apps to protect themselves. 39 ． How does the ape communicate when it has a toothache? A ． By touching the picture. B ． By telling the doctor. C ． By showing its nose. 40 ． Where is this article most probably from? A ． A magazine about children. B ． A magazine about animals. C ． A magazine about hobbies.  ============参考答案============一、阅读理解1、 A 37 ． C 38 ． C 39 ． B 40 ． D 【导语】本文主要介绍了把二氧化碳转化为淀粉的新技术及该技术的优点。 36 ．细节理解题。根据 “They turned CO 2 into starch ( 淀粉 ).” 可知，他们用二氧化碳制造淀粉。故选 A 。 37 ．细节理解题。根据 “But now, the team, after six years of hard work, has found a simpler way to do this, with only eleven steps.” 可知，现在生产淀粉需要 11 步。故选 C 。 38 ．细节理解题。根据 “The scientists first turned CO 2 and hydrogen ( 氢气 ) into methanol ( 甲醇 ). ” 可知，首先他们要将二氧化碳和氢气转化为甲醇。故选 C 。 39 ．细节理解题。根据 “This method makes it possible to produce food” ， “but also save water and land” 和 “deal with climate ( 气候 ) change” 可知， B 选项 “putting sunlight to good use” 未提及，故选 B 。 40 ．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了把二氧化碳转化为淀粉的新技术及该技术的优点。 D 选项 “ 中国在人造食品领域迈出的第一步 ” 符合题意，故选 D 。 2、 C 32 ． B 33 ． A 34 ． D 35 ． D 【导语】本文就如何训练大脑很好地入睡提出了三点建议。 31 ．细节理解题。根据 “Make a plan and stick to it”“Don’t lie in bed awake”“Change your attitude ( 态度 ) about sleep” 可知，给出了三条建议，故选 C 。 32 ．细节理解题。根据 “As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, telling the body that it’s time for bed” 可知，随着夜幕降临，褪黑激素水平上升，故选 B 。 33 ．细节理解题。根据 “As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, telling the body that it’s time for bed” 可知，褪黑激素水平的上升会告诉身体该睡觉了，故选 A 。 34 ．词义猜测题。根据 “Many people regard sleeping as the final thing in a busy day, so they would rather delay sleeping to do housework, schoolwork or others” 可知，认为睡觉是一天中的最后一件事，所以推迟睡觉这件事，先把家务等事情做完，所以 delay 表示 “ 推迟 ” ，故选 D 。 35 ．主旨大意题。根据 “ ‘In fact, we can train our brain to fall asleep,’ says sleep expert Michael Grandner. Here are his top ways” 可知，本文就如何训练大脑很好地入睡提出了三点建议，故选 D 。 3、 D 27 ． B 28 ． D 29 ． C 30 ． A 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国结的发展历史以及它的寓意。 26 ．细节理解题。根据 “ It has different shapes. Each shape has its own meaning. ” 可知，中国结的形状可以显示它自身的意义。故选 D 。 27 ．细节理解题。根据 “they usually use red because it means good luck.” 可知，因为它们意味着好运。故选 B 。 28 ．细节理解题。根据 “But this art wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.” 可知，直到清代，这种艺术才真正被人们所接受。故选 D 。 29 ．细节理解题。根据 “now silk is widely used to make these clothing knots” 可知，现在丝绸被广泛用于制作这些衣服纽扣。故选 C 。 30 ．细节理解题。根据 “Many tourists including foreigners like to buy Chinese knots as gifts during their trips.” 可知， A 选项 “ 只有中国人喜欢买中国结 ” 表述错误，故选 A 。 4、 31 ． C 32 ． C 33 ． B 34 ． A 35 ． D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道类阅读，主要介绍的是异种器官移植技术。由于人类捐赠的器官短缺，科学家们一直在研究异种器官移植，并且已经有了成功的案例，虽然异种器官移植出现了一些问题，但前景还是乐观的。 31 ．细节理解题。根据 “David Bennett, a 57-year-old man from the US, received the world’s first pig heart transplant （移植） on January 7th, 2022. He died two months later on March 9th.”2022 年 1 月 7 日， 57 岁的美国男子大卫 • 贝内特接受了世界上首例猪心脏移植手术。 2 个月后的 3 月 9 日，他去世了。可知 David Bennett 在猪心脏移植后活了两个月。故选 C 。 32 ．推理判断题。根据 “As a result, medical science has turned to animal organs.” 可推知与人类器官相比，动物器官更容易获得。故选 C 。 33 ．细节理解题。根据 “ Usually, patients’ bodies reject （排斥） the animal organs. ” 通常，病人的身体会排斥动物器官。可知移植的主要问题是身体的排斥。故选 B 。 34 ．词义猜测题。根据 “The development of this field will benefit from it and move forward at faster speed.” 这个领域的发展将从中受益，并以更快的速度向前发展。可推出划线单词的意思是 “ 得益 ” ，故选 A 。 35 ．推理判断题。根据 “ Though these successes were short-lived, they show that there may be a way forward for xenotransplantation.” 虽然这些成功是短暂的，但它们表明，异种移植可能有一条前进的道路。可知，作者认为异种器官移植很有价值，值得研究。故选 D 。 5、 A 37 ． C 38 ． B 39 ． A 40 ． B 【导语】本文主要讲述了猩猩也对玩 iPad 感兴趣，通过此次试验，想让人们关注野生猿类的生存问题。 36 ．细节理解题。根据 “The apes in these zoos can play iPads twice a week.” 可知，这些动物园里的猩猩每周可以玩两次 iPad 。故选 A 。 37 ．细节理解题。根据 “They are most interested in apps for children, such as drawing, music and memory games.” 可知，他们最感兴趣的是针对儿童的应用程序，如绘画、音乐和记忆游戏。故选 C 。 38 ．细节理解题。根据 “The apes are among the most intelligent ( 智能的 ) animals, they are as clever as young children.” 可知，猿类是最聪明的动物之一，它们和小孩子一样聪明。故选 B 。 39 ．细节理解题。根据 “We find that an ape has a toothache. He would be able to touch a picture of a tooth on the iPad and communicate in that way” 可知，他可以触摸 iPad 上的牙齿图片，并通过这种方式进行交流。故选 A 。 40 ．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，科学家通过实验发现，猩猩也对玩 iPad 感兴趣，因此文章与动物有关，故选 B 。