中考英语二轮专题复习 完形填空 科普环保类一（含答案）

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一、完型填空（共5题）1、 Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系） red with a strong feeling like   1  . Red is used for signs of   2  , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of   3   in autumn. People say orange is a   4   color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of __5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in __6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people __7__ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and __8__. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be __9__. Those who like to be with __10 _ like red. The cool colors are __11_  and blue. Where there are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to __12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good __13_  for a living room or a __14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. __15   colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.　　1. A. sadness  B. anger    C. administration    D. smile
　　2. A. roads    B. ways     C. danger      D. places
　　3. A. land     B. leaves   C. grass    D. mountains
　　4. A. lively   B. dark     C. noisy    D. frightening
　　5. A. moonlight   B. light    C. sunlight    D. stars
　　6. A. summer   B. spring   C. autumn      D. winter
　　7. A. speak    B. say   C. talk about     D. tell
　　8. A. green    B. yellow   C. white    D. gray
　　9. A. calm     B. sleepy   C. active      D. helpful
　　10.A. the other   B. another  C. other one   D. others
　　11.A. black    B. green    C. golden      D. yellow
　　12.A. go round    B. go by    C. go off      D. go along
　　13.A. one   B. way   C. fact     D. matter
　　14.A. factory  B. classroom   C. restaurant     D. hospital
　　15.A. Different   B. Cool     C. Warm     D. All 2、 Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who __1__ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most __2__? There is an answer __3__ all these  questions --- Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).
　　Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) __4__ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t __5__ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked.
　　But Leonardo __6__ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became __7__ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways __8__ he was ready to paint.
　　Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with __9__ today. You may know one of his most famous works the __10__ woman known as the Mona Lisa.　　1. A. took      B. made   C. painted     D. invented
　　2. A. artists      B. doctors  C. painters      D. people
　　3. A. to     B. of    C. for      D. from
　　4. A. the scientists  B. the artists   C. the world    D. people
　　5. A. draw      B. paint     C. work     D. build
　　6. A. was just   B. wasn’t just  C. wasn’t      D. was no longer
　　7. A. less     B. no    C. even     D. very
　　8. A. before    B. after    C. because      D. when
　　9. A. him      B. us     C. them     D. you
　　10. A. interesting    B. crying     C. smiling    D. surprising3、 阅读下面短文，从短文后备题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。【2019 • 山东淄博】For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They___11___cloth, dyes(染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools. People progressed to making machines powered ___12___water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories ___13___of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people.  The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on ___14___. Companies built power plants(工厂) to make___15___to run the machines，factories and cities. People did not realize these activities were___16___the Earth. They didn't realize oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up___17___.  ___18___cities grew bigger and spread across the land. plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.As time passed, people began to ___19___ the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection，so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell____20____around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born.  Each year，more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?11. A. separated    B. washed     C. made       D. mixed12. A. as     B. for     C. with       D. by13. A. full      B. proud      C. sick       D. short14. A. mountains    B. rivers     C. grasslands    D. farms15. A. metal     B. water      C. electricity   D. oil16. A. helping   B. harming    C. wasting    D. losing17. A. clearly   B. hardly     C. quickly    D. slowly18. A. Before    B. If      C. As      D. Though19. A. forget    B. see     C. remember      D. get20. A. them      B. other      C. another    D. others4、 阅读下面短文，从短文后备题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可填入空白处的最佳选项。The first astronautsSince the earliest times, people have looked up at the stars, the moon and the planets. Today people use modern machines    16    at the sky. This is very different from the situation    17    years ago when people could only use their eyes. Perhaps they dreamed of    18    the universe.When did humans first go into space? The story began not so very long ago,    19    the first astronauts were not people-they were animals.Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as    20    as possible for humans. So they decided to experiment with animals and test    21   in spaceflights. Insects, mice, frogs, dogs and monkeys were some of the animals    22    first went into space. Many of them    23   , but they helped to make space travel safer for humans. For their great service, we    24    forget these animals.Albert Ⅱ was the first monkey to go into space in 1949. Sadly he died    25    his spaceship landed back on Earth.    26    the result was different for Ham the Monkey. His story ended happily when he returned to earth    27    very good health.Scientists wanted to know the answer to the important question: could    28    animal like Ham do the same things in space as he could do on Earth? The answer came when Ham    29    into space in 1961. Yes, he did everything well and lived for    30    16 years16. A. look      B. to look    C. looking    D. looked17. A. thousand     B. thousands     C. thousand of   D. thousands of18. A. explore   B. to explore    C. explored      D. exploring19. A. as     B. or      C. but     D. so20. A. safe      B. safer      C. safest     D. the safest21. A. they      B. them       C. their      D. theirs22. A. whom      B. what       C. that       D. whose23. A. die    B. died       C. have died     D. will die24. A. shouldn’t   B. may not    C. don’t have to   D. needn’t25. A. if     B. because    C. after      D. since26. A. Luck      B. Lucky      C. Luckier    D. Luckily27. A. at     B. on      C. in      D. for28. A. a      B. an      C. the     D. /29. A. send      B. sent       C. is sent    D. was sent30. A. another   B. other      C. others     D. the others5、 完形填空How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you. First, my family tried to save electricity (电). We never left the lights   1  when leaving the room.We   2  the TV when nobody was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine. Second, we started recycling this week. We tried to write on   3  of our paper, but not just on one side.We also divided our rubbish into   4 bags for bottles, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags. Third, my family started to save   5 . We stopped   6  long baths and had short showers (淋浴)   7 . We washed toilet with used water. Mum and dad used less water to do the washing. My sister and I didn't leave the tap (龙头) running when we brushed our teeth. At last, mum and dad began to save gas (汽油). Mum used to   8  us to school, but now my sister and I started riding our bikes to school. It's hard work   9  exercise! This week dad and a few of the people in his company also started to go to work in one car and share the   10 .  These are great ways to help protect our environment.1. A. out      B. on       C. off       D. behind2. A. turned up   B. turned on  C. turned down D. turned off 3. A. any side    B. all sides  C. neither side  D. both sides4. A. large      B. small     C. different    D. the same5. A. electricity  B. food    C. water     D. paper6. A. to use     B. making   C. to have     D. taking7. A. again   B. instead    C. already     D. too8. A. drive      B. order   C. show     D. carry9. A. or       B. but       C. for        D. and10. A. pay    B. value   C. cost       D. price ============参考答案============一、完型填空1、 1．B。根据上文的strong feeling可知anger最合乎文意。
　　2．C。下文所列举的例子STOP signs和 fire engines都属于危险信号，故选择danger。
　　3．B。根据常识，黄色应是秋天树叶的颜色，故应选leaves。
　　4．A。下文提到人们把黄色和幸福联系起来，说明黄色是一个充满生机的颜色，故选lively。
　　5．C。下文提到黄色是令人愉快的颜色，根据常识太阳光的颜色是黄色，故选sunlight。
　　6．B。绿色是春季里草的颜色，故选spring。
　　7．C。speak后面往往接某种语言作宾语；say后面常接说话的内容；tell的宾语一般是人；talk about sth.意为谈论某事物。故C为正确选项。
　　8．B。根据上文对yellow的解释。说明yellow也属于warm color。
　　9．C。与下文喜欢冷色调的人相对应，再根据上文对各种暖色调的选择，active合乎文意为正确选项。
　　10．D。others相当于other people意为“别的人”。another指“另一个”。other one不可单独使用，the other one指“另外的一个”。
　　11．A。四个选项中只有black可归纳到冷色调当中去。
　　12．B。go around意为“到处走动”；go off 意为“离开，爆炸”；go along意为“前进，进行”；go by意为“走过，流逝”。根据文意，应选go by。
　　13．B。way根据上文，暖色调的环境下时间似乎过得更慢，说明暖色调是用来装饰居室和饭馆的好方法，故选择way。
　　14．C。比较四个场所只有饭馆适合使用暖色调。
　　15．B。与暖色调相对立，冷色调适用于办公室，以使人感觉时间过得比较快2、 　1．C。为了引出话题人物━━达?芬奇，这里引用了设问手法，问题应表示“是谁画了世界上最著名的画”，故选择动词painted。
　　2．B。对人体比较了解的莫过于医生了，将达?芬奇与医生相比才能显示其对人体的精通。故选择doctors。
　　3．A。介词to常表示一一对应的关系，“问题的答案”习惯表达为an answer to a question。
　　4．D。达?芬奇应是世人所知道的天才中最伟大的人，the world 一般指每个人，相当于第三人称单数，故people为正确选项。
　　5．D。draw和paint不合文意, work为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。在那个时代，达?芬奇所不能做的应是制造飞机，故选择build。
　　6．B。这一句起承上启下的作用，意为“达?芬奇不仅仅是一名发明家”，故选择 wasn’t just。
　　7．C。less和no不合文章，very不能用来修饰比较级，而even常用来修饰比较级，意为“甚至更……”，故为正确选项。
　　8．A。为了使自己的画达到最高境界，应在画这幅画之前去尝试不同的画法，所以应选before。
　　9．B。达?芬奇的画今天依然保存在世，为本文作者以及读者所共享，所以应选us。
　　10．C。达?芬奇的名作━━Mona Lisa以画中人物面部神秘的微笑而名扬天下，故选smiling。3、 【短文大意】这篇短文主要讲述了是人类的活动给地球带来了危害，现在人们越来越意识到保护地球的重要性。11. 句意：他们用植物做布、染料和纸。A. separated分离；B. washed洗；C. made制作；D. mixed混合。根据上文For thousands of years，people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat.可知下文是制作布料，燃料和纸张。根据题意，故选C。12. 句意：人们开始制造由水和蒸汽驱动的机器，甚至后来又发展到由煤、油和汽油驱动的机器。A. as作为；B. for为了；C. with带有，具有；D. by通过。根据下文and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built.可知上文是用介词by。根据题意，故选D。13. 句意：满是机器的工厂为数千人在城市创造了就业机会。A. full满的；B. proud骄傲的；C. sick生病的；D. short短的。这里是充满的意思，full of…充满，根据题意，故选A。14. 句意：住在城市的人比住在农场的人多。A. mountains山脉；B. rivers河水；C. grasslands草原；D. farms农场。根据上文more people lived in cities可知下文是说农场。根据题意，故选D。15. 句意：公司建造发电厂来发电，以运行机器、工厂和城市。A. metal金属；B. water水；C. electricity电；D. oil油。根据下文to run the machines，factories and cities.可知上文是发电。根据题意， 故选C。16. 句意：人们没有意识到这些活动正在伤害地球。A. helping帮助；B. harming有害；C. wasting浪费；D. losing失去。根据上文People did not realize these activities可知下文是在伤害地球。根据题意，故选B。17. 句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、煤炭和矿产正迅速被消耗殆尽。A. clearly清晰地；B. hardly几乎不；C. quickly快速地；D. slowly慢地。这里是说快速地用完。根据题意，故选C。18. 句意：随着城市规模的扩大和遍布全国。动植物开始消失。A. Before在……之前；B. If如果；C. As当……的时候；随着；D. Though通过。根据下文plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏) as people moved into new places.可知，这里是当……的时候；随着。根据题意，故选C。19. 句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始意识到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。A. forget忘记；B. see看见；C. remember记住；D. get得到。根据下文protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源)可知这里是说开始看到。根据题意，故选B。20. 句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的其他人们保护我们的自然资源和保护地球。A. them他们；B. other    其他的；C. another另一个；D. others别的，其他的，代词。根据下文around the world to conserve(节约) our natural resources and care for the Earth可知，这里是说全世界的其他人们。根据题意，故选D。4、 【文章大意】人类对太空的研究始于几千年前，那时科学还很落后，人们只能用肉眼观察天空。现在人类有了现代化的技术，他们对太空有了更多的了解。那么人类第一次进入太空是什么时候呢？其实在人类进入太空之前，科学家们先用很多动物进行了实验，保证人类太空旅行的安全。16. B句意：现在人们使用现代的机器来看天空。look看，动词原形；to look动词不定式；looking动名词形式；looked是过去式或过去分词形式。根据句意可知，空后表示use modern machines的目的，＂为了看天空＂，故应用动词不定式，选B。17. D句意：这与几千年前的情况不同，那时人们只能用眼观察天空。thousand千，数量单位；thousands复数形式；thousand of形式错误；thousands of成千上万的，固定短语。根据句意和空后的years可知，这个空修饰后面的名词，故应选D。18. D句意：也许他们梦想着探索宇宙。explore探索，动词原形；to explore动词不定式；explored过去式或过去分词；exploring动名词。句中使用了短语dream of，意为＂梦想……＂，后跟名词或者动名词形式。故应选D。19. A句意：这个故事发生在不久前，因为第一批宇航员不是人—它们是动物。as因为；作为；当……时候；or或者；否则；but但是；so因此，所以。根据句意可知，空后这句话解释前面The story began not very long ago，故用as引导原因状语从句，选A。20. A句意：科学家们想要使人们的太空旅行尽可能地安全。safe安全的，形容词；safer更安全的，形容词比较级；safest最安全的，形容词最高级；the safest最高级。句中使用了短语as…as possible，＂尽可能……＂，两个as之间用形容词的原级，故选A。21. B句意：所以他们决定用动物做实验，并在太空飞行中对它们进行测试。they他们，它们，人称代词主格形式；them他们，它们，人称代词宾格形式；their他们的，它们的形容词性物主代词；theirs名词性物主代词。根据句子结构可知，空前test是动词，该空是它的宾语，故应用宾格形式，选B。22. C句意：昆虫、老鼠、青蛙、狗和猴子是最早进入太空的一些动物。whom关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语；what什么；不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人，也可以为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose…的，引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。根据句子结构可知，空后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词some of the animals，且从句中缺少主语，故应选C。23. B句意：很多动物都死了，但是它们帮助使太空旅行对人类更安全。die死，动词原形；died过去式；have died现在完成时；will die一般将来时。根据文意可知，从第二段开始，作者讲述了科学家们过去对太空的探索，以一般过去时态来叙述，故这里应用过去式，选B。24. A句意：因为它们的伟大贡献，我们不应该忘记这些动物。shouldn’t不应该；may not可能不；don’t have to不必，没有必要；needn’t不需要。根据句意For their great service可知，这里应表示＂不应该忘记＂，故选A。25. C句意：不幸的是，在他的宇宙飞船返回地球后，他死了。if如果，是否；because因为；after在……之后；since自从。根据句意可知，这里应表示＂在回到地球之后＂，用after引导时间状语从句，故选C。26. D句意：幸运的是，对于猴子Ham来说，结果是不同的。Luck运气，名词；Lucky幸运的，形容词；Luckier更幸运的，形容词比较级；Luckily幸运地，副词。根据句意和句子结构可知，该空修饰的是整个句子的内容，应用副词形式，故选D。27. C句意：当他健康地返回地球时，他的故事在愉快中结束了。at在具体时刻或小地点；on在…上面，关于；in在…里面；for为了，因为。这里考查固定短语in…health处在…样的健康状况，表示状态，故应选C。28. B句意：科学家们想知道一个重要问题的答案：像Ham这样的动物在太空中能做和在地球上一样的事情吗？a和an 不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指一直；an用于元音音素开头的单词前；the是定冠词，修饰名词表示特指。根据句意可知，这里表示＂像……一样的一个……＂，表示泛指，空后animal的读音中，第一个音素是/æ/，元音音素，故应选B。29. D句意：当Ham在1961年被送入太空时这个问题有了答案。send送，寄；sent是过去式；is sent一般现在时的被动语态；was sent一般过去时的被动语态。根据句意可知，该句的主语Ham与动词构成被动关系，应使用被动语态，故先排除A和B；再根据句中的时间in 1961可知，时间是过去的，应用一般过去时，故应选D。30. A句意：答案是肯定的，他每件事都做得很好，而且在那里又活了16年。another再，又；另一个；other其他的，形容词，修饰名词；others其他人或物，代词；the others其余全部人或物。根据句意和空后的16 years可知，这里表示＂又活了16年＂，故应选A。5、 1. B解析：这句话的意思是“我们离开房间时，我们从不让电灯开着。” 故答案选B。2. D解析：这句话的意思是“家里没有人看电视了，我们就把电视机关掉。”故答案选D。turn off关闭，关上。3. D解析：这句话的意思是“我们尽量在纸张的双面，正反面上写字，而不是在一面上。”故答案选D。4. C解析：这句话的意思是“我们用不同的袋子给垃圾分类，瓶子、纸张和食物废弃物。”故答案选C。5. C解析：这句话的意思是“我们家也节约用水。”从下文的bath, shower, … washed toilet with used water可提示答案应该选C。6. D解析：这句话的意思是“我们不再长时间泡澡，而只是短时间的冲澡。take long baths为固定搭配，本句意思是：不再长时间洗澡。故答案选D。7. B解析：这句话的意思是“我们不再长时间泡澡”，代替前者的是短时间的冲澡。instead意为“代替”。故答案选D。8. A解析：这句话的意思是“过去我妈妈开车送我们上学，但是现在我和妹妹都骑车上学了。”故答案选A。9. B解析：这句话的意思是“骑车上学很累，但却是锻炼。”此处为转折关系。故答案选B。10. C解析：这句话的意思是“我父亲和他公司的几个同事开始拼车上班，并且分担费用。”cost“费用”。故答案选C。