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2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中练习英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市首都师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中练习英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
首师大附中2022-2023学年第一学期期中练习
高一英语
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出作家选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One summer afternoon, when I was about eight years of age, I was looking at a beautiful rainbow. Somebody said, "If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver." without ___1___, I rushed from the house, and set off toward the woods.
I was so sure that I knew just where that rainbow ended. I remembered how glad and proud I was in my thoughts, and what fine presents I promised to all my friends out of my ___2___. So thinking, and laying delightful plans, almost before I knew it I had ___3___ the thick forest, and the end of the rainbow was not there! I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off; so on and on I ___4___, through the thick bushes and across rapid streams. Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine（豪猪）, who made himself still larger when he saw me. Fearing that he would attack me, I ran from him fast. In my ___5___ and hurry I forgot to keep my eye on the rainbow, and when, at last, I remembered and looked for it, it was nowhere in sight! It had quite ___6___ away. I burst into tears, for I had lost all my treasures.
But I soon found that my ___7___ had only begun: I was lost! I could not tell which was east or west but wandered about here and there, crying and calling, though I knew that no one could ___8___ me. All at once I heard my nickname called, so I jumped up. It was my eldest brother. He hugged and kissed away all my tears, and then he told me what the rainbow really is: "It is only painted air, and does not ___9___ on the earth. But it tells us something more. When you set off on a pilgrimage, you will be ____10____ by the rainbow through all the dark places of this world to treasures in your heart, better, far better, than silver or gold."
1. A. appreciation B. intention C. hesitation D. explanation
2. A. eyes B. riches C. way D. mind
3. A. noticed B. cleared C. passed D. reached
4. A. struggled B. imagined C. looked D. worked
5. A. horror B. embarrassment C. sorrow D. disappointment
6. A. flown B. moved C. broken D. faded
7. A. failure B. doubts C. anger D. troubles
8. A. attack B. understand C. forgive D. hear
9. A. jump B. rest C. drop D. lie
10. A. cheated B. moved C. led D. caught
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者寻找彩虹而跑进森林的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我毫不犹豫地冲出房子，向树林走去。A. appreciation欣赏；B. intention目的；C. hesitation犹豫；D. explanation解释。根据上文“Somebody said, "If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver. (有人说：如果你走到彩虹的尽头，你会发现那里有很多金罐和银罐)”可知，为了找到很多金罐和银罐，作者毫不犹豫地向森林走去。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用我的财富许诺给我所有的朋友们多么好的礼物啊。A. eyes眼睛；B. riches财富；C. way方法，手段；D. mind头脑，大脑。根据上文“Somebody said, If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver. (有人说：如果你走到彩虹的尽头，你会发现那里有很多金罐和银罐)”可知，作者想找到很多的金罐和银罐，用他们作为礼物送给自己的朋友。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我已经来到了茂密的森林，彩虹的尽头不在那里！A. noticed注意；B. cleared使干净；C. passed通过；D. reached到达。根据上文“without ___1___, I rushed from the house(我毫不犹豫地冲出房子，向树林走去)”可知，作者已经来到了茂密的森林。故选D。
4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就这样，我挣扎着向前走，穿过茂密的灌木丛，越过湍急的溪流。A. struggled努力；B. imagined想象；C. looked看；D. worked工作。根据上文“I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off (我看见它在稍远一点的树林里闪闪发光)”可知，作者看到彩虹在稍远一点的树林里闪闪发光，所以作者挣扎着向前走。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在惊恐和匆忙中，我忘记了盯着彩虹。A. horror震惊，恐惧；B. embarrassment尴尬的；C. sorrow悲伤的；D. disappointment失望的。根据上文“Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine（豪猪）, who made himself still larger when he saw me. (突然，我在路上遇到了一只大豪猪，它一看见我就变得更大了)”可知，作者在路上遇到了一只大豪猪，非常的惊恐和匆忙。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经完全消失了。A. flown飞行；B. moved感动；C. broken打破；D. faded渐弱。根据上文“I remembered and looked for it, it was nowhere in sight! (我想起来了，就去找它，可是哪儿也找不到！)”可知，它已经完全消失。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我很快发现我的麻烦才刚刚开始。A. failure失败；B. doubts怀疑；C. anger怒气；D. troubles麻烦。根据后文“I was lost! I could not tell which was east or west but wandered about here and there(我迷路了！我分不清哪是东方，哪是西方，只能东奔西走)”可知，作者的麻烦才刚刚开始。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哭喊着，虽然我知道没有人能听到我。A. attack袭击；B. understand理解；C. forgive原谅；D. hear听到。根据上文“crying and calling (哭喊着)”以及though表示转折，可知，哭喊着，虽然我知道没有人能听到我，我还是哭喊着。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它只是涂上颜料的空气，并不停留在地面上。A. jump跳； B. rest在于，停留；C. drop掉落；D. lie说谎。根据上文“It is only painted air (它只是涂上颜料的空气)”可知，彩虹只是涂上颜料的空气，并不停留在地面上。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你踏上朝圣之旅的时候，彩虹会带着你穿过这个世界上所有黑暗的地方，找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多。A. cheated作弊；B. moved感动；C. led引导；D. caught抓住。根据本句“to treasures in your heart, better, far better, than silver or gold (找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多)”可知，彩虹会带着你穿过这个世界上所有黑暗的地方，找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
An ongoing television documentary telling the historic achievements that ____11____ (happen) in China since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 has attracted wide attention. The 16-episode series, produced by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and other departments, aims to give the audience a sense of the thriving development of the country.
The filming team traveled to 97 towns and subdistricts in 22 provincial-level regions and interviewed over 100 people, offering a vivid 1____12____ (present) of the happy lives and positive spirit of the Chinese people in the modern era.
【答案】11. have happened
12. presentation
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中共中央宣传部和其他部门联合制作的16集的电视剧，旨在让观众感受到国家的蓬勃发展。
【11题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一部讲述自2012年中国共产党十八大以来中国所取得的历史性成就的电视纪录片，正在播出并引起了广泛关注。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为the historic achievements，根据时间状语“since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(自从党的十八大以来)”可知，定语从句的时态为现在完成时，that指代先行词the historic achievements在定语从句中充当主语，结合主谓一致。故填have happened。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：摄制组走访了22个省级地区的97个乡镇和街道，采访了100多人，生动地展现了现代中国人民的幸福生活和积极向上的精神风貌。设空处前为不定冠词a，设空处应用名词单数形式。故填presentation。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
White Fang is a story about a wolf-dog rescued from Beauty Smith ____13____ is an abusive and horrible owner. With the ____14____ (kind) and love he is shown with his new owner, Scott, White Fang slowly becomes awake to his need to love and to be loved, and therefore changes his life. Later, he trusts and relies on Scott, and defends his new family.
This novel ____15____ (write) in 1906 by Jack London and describes life in 1800s America, with the Gold Rush and Yukon Territory as the background. This story also changes perspective, or point of view, and allows readers ____16____ (get) closer to the minds of humans and wolves.
【答案】13. who##that
14. kindness
15. was written
16. to get
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了小说《白牙》，它是关于一只狼狗被从虐待动物的可怕主人那里解救出来的故事。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：白牙是一个关于一只狼狗被从贝儿·史密斯这个虐待动物的可怕主人那里解救出来的故事。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为Beauty Smith，故填who或者that。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着它的新主人斯科特对它的友善和爱，白牙慢慢地意识到它对爱和被爱的需求，并因此改变了它的生活。设空处作介词的宾语，应用名词形式；设空处表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填kindness。
【15题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态。句意：这部小说写于1906年，作者是杰克·伦敦，描述了19世纪美国的生活。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间为被动关系；根据时间状语in 1906，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，故设空处为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为this novel，结合主谓一致。故填was written。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事也改变了视角或观点，让读者更接近人类和狼的思想。设空出在句中作非谓语，固定句式allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。故填to get。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. There are some traditional customs. First, the Chinese character Fu is attached upside down ____17____ the front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. Also, it is time for Chinese family to gather. People will enjoy a big dinner and eat some traditional food, like jiaozi ____18____ meaning is the best wishes for health and happiness in the coming year. Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, ____19____ the spirit of the festival-the spirit of family-has ____20____ (large) been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practiced by people across the country.
【答案】17. to 18. whose
19. but 20. largely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的传统节日—春节。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：首先，“福”字倒贴在前门上。固定短语attach…to…依附；把……贴在……上面。故填to。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：人们会享用一顿丰盛的晚餐，吃一些传统食物，比如饺子，饺子的意思是祝愿来年健康幸福。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作定语，先行词为jiaozi。故填whose。
【19题详解】
考查连词。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原始的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭的精神在很大程度上被保留了下来。设空处前后句为转折关系。故填but。
20题详解】
考查副词。句意见上题解析。设空处修饰动词应用副词的形式。故填largely。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
THE CEREMONY
Monday, May 23, 2022
Where to go?
Student Line Up
Grad Plaza | Walk to the left once inside the check-in area. Staff will be on hand to direct you and your guests.
Ceremony Location
Louis Armstrong Stadium in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
Eligible to graduate?
Students who graduated in October 2021, February 2022, and May 2022 are eligible to walk in the 2022 ceremony.
COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement：
All grads and guests over age 5 must show proof of vaccination and a valid ID at all graduation venues.
Patrons aged 18 and older also must present an appropriate ID with proof of vaccination, which must contain the name of the individual and either a photo of the individual or the individual' s date of birth. All children under 5 are permitted to access the stadium because they are not eligible for a vaccine, as long as they are accompanied by an adult who can show proof of vaccination as not ed above.
Face Masks：
While masks are optional, we encourage guests to wear a mask due to the large crowds expected to attend.
Tickets
• Graduates will be able to register for up to eight(8)guest tickets.
• Tickets are electronic and will be sent via email from Ticketmaster to the graduate.
Bag Check
All guests will have their bags checked before they enter into the Stadium for the Ceremonies.
Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, balloons, boxes, backpacks and other large items will not be permitted inside the Stadium, as well as the following items：
• Glass bottles or cans
• Alcohol
• Animals(Exception:service animals)
• Any materials, items or apparel constituting unauthorized advertising or promotion
• Selfie-sticks or other telescopic devices
Subway：The 7 train provides service from Grand Central Terminal to Mets-Willets Point Station
Long Island Rail Road:LIRR provides easy service to Mets-Willets Point Station from Woodside, and convenient connections from Penn Station for New Jersey Transit customers. For guests with dis abilities, get off the LIRR train at 61st Street-Woodside Station and transfer to the 7 train. Take the 7 train to Mets-Willets Point Station.
ARRIVING BY UBER/LYFT/TAXI/CAR SERVICE
Please tell your driver to take you to the Mets-Willets Point station stop of the 7 train(near 126th Street & Roosevelt Ave)then walk 5 minutes to the East gates.
Do not use a street address for the stadium as very often you will be let out on the opposite side of the Park extending your walk by at least 10 minutes.
21. Based on the information in the passage, which statement is true?
A. Children under 5 can’t access the Stadium.
B. Invited guests should print their registered tickets.
C. All attendee’s better wear a mask during the ceremony.
D. Students graduated in May 2021 should line up at Grad Plaza.
22. According to the passage, who can successfully pass the bag check security screening?
A. Brandon with a carry-on baggage
B. Alex with an extendable hand-held selfie stick
C. Christina’s father with a glass bottle of water.
D. Dana’s blind grandmother with her guide dog.
23. If a graduate’s parents live in Penn Station area, how can they get to the Stadium cost-effectively?
A. Take the 7 train from Grand Central Terminal to the Mets-Willets Point station.
B. Take the LIRR from Penn Station and all the way to Mets-Willets Point station.
C. Take the New Jersey Transit from Penn Station and get off at Mets-Willets Point station.
D. Take the LIRR to 61st Street-Woodside Station and get a taxi to the Mets-Willets Point station.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在路易斯阿姆斯特朗体育场举办的典礼的相关信息及其要求。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第二部分最后一段“While masks are optional, we encourage guests to wear a mask due to the large crowds expected to attend(虽然口罩是可选择的，但我们鼓励客人戴着口罩，因为预计会有很多人参加）可知，所有与会者最好戴上口罩。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Bag Check部分“Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, balloons, boxes, backpacks and other large items will not be permitted inside the Stadium(行李、大包、标志、旗帜、横幅、气球、箱子、背包和其他大型物品不得进入体育场广，根据“Alcohol(含酒精饮料）”和“Animals(Exception: service animals)(动物（例外：服务动物）)以及“Selfie-sticks or other telescopic devices(自拍杆或其他伸缩装置）”可知，可伸缩的手持式自拍杆、行李、和含酒精的香槟不允许带入体育场，达娜祖母的狗是服务型动物，可以进入体育场。故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Mass Transit部分“Long Island Rail Road: LIRR provides easy service to Mets-Willets Point Station from Woodside, and convenient connections from Penn Station for New Jersey Transit customers(长岛铁路：LIRR从 Woodside向 Mets-Willets Point站提供便捷的服务，并为新泽西州的运输客户提供从宾夕法尼亚站的便捷连接）”可知，如果一个毕业生的父母住在宾夕法尼亚州车站地区，他们可以从宾夕法尼亚站乘坐LIRR，一直到大都会Mets-Willets Point站，故选B项。
B
On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restauranteur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot-how he might make a difference to the food industry-but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope and fell over, breaking his neck.
Musk eventually make a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens.
Aimed at reaching low-income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to save money on groceries, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.”
The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk’s non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “It’s not difficult. Anyone can do this, no matter where you come from, no matter where you live. We are all able to grow something,” says Musk.
24. What inspired Musk to make a difference to food industry?
A. The pandemic. B. A skiing accident.
C. Jamie Oliver’s speech. D. The farm-to-table movement.
25. What does the Million Gardens Movement focus on?
A. Encouraging people to preserve nature.
B. Providing free food for low-income families.
C. Promoting “learning gardens” across schools.
D. Educating new gardens to grow their own food.
26. Which of the following best describes Musk?
A. Charity-minded. B. Stubborn. C. Easy-going. D. Scholarly.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry（这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jackson Hole的一个会议抵达Jackson Hole，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变）”可知Musk是在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching low-income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives.（旨在惠及低收入家庭的百万花园运动受到流行病的启发，因为渴望与自然建立更多联系的愿望和粮食的不安全一直处于许多人生活的最前沿。）”可知渴望与自然的联系和粮食安全问题是人们咨询百万花园运动的主要原因；根据文章最后一段“It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “It’s not difficult. Anyone can do this, no matter where you come from, no matter where you live. We are all able to grow something,” says Musk.（它还提供免费课程，介绍如何让花园生长以及在不断变化的生长季节提供新鲜种子和材料。“这并不难。任何人都可以做到这一点，无论你来自哪里，无论你住在哪里。 我们都能够种植一些东西，”马斯克说。）”可知，百万花园计划是专门教人自己种植的；与前面人们咨询百万花园运动的原因结合起来，可推断，百万花园重点是教人们如何种植自己吃的食物，使人们吃的食物更健康，并增加人与自然之间的联系。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching low-income families（旨在惠及低收入家庭）”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段“The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors（该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件）”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It also offers free courses（它还提供免费课程）”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的；故选A项。
C
To the Sweden, there are few smells more attractive than surströmming (臭鲱鱼). To most non-Sweden there are probably few smells more repulsive — the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like. In determining which smells people find pleasant or not, surströmming suggests culture must play a size able part.
New research, however, suggests that might not be the case. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.
To study how smell and culture relate the researchers presented ten smells. These smells varied from herb to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for smelly socks. More in-between smells, which the team thought might split opinions, included octanoic acid; and octenol, an carthy smell found in many mushrooms. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely too, including hunters, farmers and city folk.
All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The researchers found that pleasantness ran kings were remarkable consistent regardless of where people came from. Isovaleric acid was hated by the vast majority, only eight giving it a score of l to 3 (I was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant ). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells explained 41 % of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbringing accounted for just 6 %
Even so, while culture didn't shape perceptions (感知) of smells in the way that it shapes perceptions of faces, the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.
27. What does the underlined word “repulsive” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Enjoyable. B. Awful
C. Special. D. Unusual.
28. Which smell ranked first in terms of pleasantness?
A. Octenol. B. Herb.
C. Octanoic acid . D. Isovalericacid.
29. What plays a major role in the appreciation of smells?
A. Personal taste. B. Cultural background.
C. Life experience. D. Chemical composition.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. You Are What You Smell B. Culture determine Smells
C. People Like the Same Smells D. Smells Are the Same as Beauty
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like.（人们形容这种鱼闻起来像酸猫砂，甚至像粪便）”可知这种气味是让人生厌的。故划线处和B项：Awful（让人讨厌的、不舒服的）含义相近。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3.（另一方面，超过190人给herb打了1到3分的分数）”可知在愉悦感方面，草本气味排在第一位。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）”可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用。故选A。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful. （文化在决定令人愉悦的气味方面起着重要作用。这不仅仅是因为像surströmming这样的例子。他们从其他研究人员过去的实验中知道，文化在决定人们认为哪种面孔美丽方面很重要）”以及文章的最后一段“Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好；即由于个体文化，人们喜欢相同的气味，合乎题意。故选C。
D
Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people.
Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change.
For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place.
It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media.
31. Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2?
A. To predict the future of social media.
B. To underline the advantages of social media.
C. To analyze why social media is so popular today.
D. To explain why social media is regarded as negative.
32. What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps?
A. Disturbing. B. Understandable. C. Intolerable. D. Innovative.
33. What does the text suggest people do about social media?
A. Make the best use of it.
B. Completely stay away from it.
C. Prohibit young people from using it.
D. Spend reasonable amounts of time on it.
34. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes us so addicted to social media?
B. Why is social media so popular among teenagers?
C. Should we depend on social media for information?
D. Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心及个人看法。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case.(当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。很多人认为摇滚乐让青少年道德败坏，事实并非如此)”及“Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new rock-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change. (在手机出现之前，青少年会听摇滚乐作为一种逃避现实的方式，或者他们会看电视，去看电影，滑冰，或者穿疯狂的衣服。不幸的是，所有这些事情一度被认为对年轻人有不良影响。社交媒体是一种新摇滚：它是一种新事物，人们将变化妖魔化)”可推知，作者认为如同曾经摇滚乐被认为是不好的事物一样，人们认为社交媒体是一种新的摇滚，人们将其妖魔化，因此推断作者在第二段中提到“摇滚乐”是为了解释为什么社交媒体被认为是负面的原因。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. (然而，自从Photoshop和其他后期制作服务被发明以来，模特、杂志和电影一直在使用照片和媒体的修饰工具。社交媒体让人们更容易看到经过编辑的图片，但社交媒体本身并没有让人们想要以特定的方式看待（问题）。人们应该承认这些照片是不真实的，这些帖子是故意做得好看的)”可推知，作者认为在社交媒体应用程序上发布编辑过的照片是可以理解的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，这篇文章建议人们在社交媒体上花合理的时间。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. (许多人认为，社交媒体是一种不健康的消磨时间的方式，来自网络的虚假信息正在造成混乱和恐慌。当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。)”及最后一段中的“It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. (似乎社交媒体的大多数问题都是用户的错误，比如有人抱怨有太多的人沉迷于社交媒体)”和“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，文章对社交媒体带来的影响进行了陈述，并分析了造成这种现象的原因，作者认为解决社交媒体带来的问题的关键在于使用者应该学会适度使用。由此可知，Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?(把所有的问题都归咎于社交媒体对吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
七选五根据短文内容，你的生活从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays a vegetarian (素食的) lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. Keeping a vegetarian diet is one of the best things we can do.
___35___A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. And it can provide protection against various kinds of diseases, including the three biggest killers: heart disease, cancer, and other serious diseases. The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.___36___Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.___37___Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.
___38___Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it? Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.___39___
A. Growing all the crops needed to feed animals requires great amounts of water and land.
B. This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.
C. Vegetarian diets are the only diets that work for long term weight loss.
D. All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.
E. Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.
F. It’s never too late to turn over a new page.
G. Living on plants also saves energy.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是当今社会越来越流行素食主义，介绍了素食的好处。
【35题详解】
根据空后的“A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. ”（精心规划的素食可以提供我们所需的所有营养，并避免动物肉、鸡蛋和奶制品中的脂肪和胆固醇。），可知，精心规划的素食能够提供人类身体所需要的营养，有益于人们的身体健康。承接上文的内容应该是概括素食能够保证人们的健康。故选E项“Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.”（健康的素食饮食保证人们一生健康），与此对应。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据空前的“The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.”（美国饮食协会指出，素食者死于心脏病的几率较低，血液中的胆固醇水平较低，血压和高血压的发病率也较低。）可知，素食者可以降低各种疾病患病的几率。D选项“All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.”（所有这些疾病都更容易发生在肉食者身上。）中的all of these diseases与前文中的各种疾病呼应。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据空前的“Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.”（科学家还发现，素食者的免疫系统比吃肉的朋友更强。）以及空后的“Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.”（素食者的平均寿命比肉食者长6到10年。）可知，素食者免疫系统更强，更少受到疾病的影响，才能平均寿命更长。B选项“This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.”（这意味着他们不太可能受到流感等日常疾病的影响。）中的this指代的就是前文的素食者的免疫系统更强这一点。故B承接前文引起下文。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据后文的“Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it? ”（为食用而饲养的动物消耗着大量的卡路里，这仅仅是为了生存，就像我们一样。我们用超过70%的谷物饲养家畜。所以这真的是一种巨大的浪费，不是吗？）可知饲养动物并使其成为人类的食物来源是浪费资源的，而素食是可以节省资源的。故G选项“Living on plants also saves energy.”（靠植物生活也能节省能源。）指出的是素食是可以节省资源的这一优点，与下文呼应。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据空前的“Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.”（尽你最大的努力去寻找素食对健康有益的好处。）可知，要尽力找到素食的好处。F选项“It’s never too late to turn over a new page.”（翻开新的一页永远不晚。）可知，F项作为结束句起到号召作用，呼吁大家采用素食的方法保持健康。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节；27分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第41、42小题各2分；第43小题各3分，第44小题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题
I’m no literary Luddite (反对新技术的人). I bought an iPad with my first paycheck from my first full-time job after graduating from college. But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn’t the right reading experience for me.
Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e-readers are more convenient. They’re right. It is objectively easier to carry a 7oz (盎司) tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag, which is exactly what I did on vacation.
But I don’t read for convenience. I read to learn more about the world and myself. I have made friends by seeing a book cover in a cafe and noticing that it was the same title that I was reading. I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions. When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes — shaky ones when I’ve been reading on the subway, covered in sand if I read it at the beach, next to a train ticket if I was traveling — I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to reread. It’s just not enough to simply consuming the story, which is what e-readers are great for.
When I read paper books, I hold onto them for long periods of time. I just purchased a new bookshelf specially for my “to be read” pile. Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul.
Physical books may not be the most efficient medium, but they are the most meaningful. So keep your Kindle, by all means. But I’ll be happy hoarding with my library.
40. Why did the author give his iPad to his brother?
41. What can the author get when he sees his notes in an old book?
42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
● The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them.
43. What is your favourite book? And why? (about 40 words)
【答案】40. Because it couldn’t give him the right reading experience.
41. He can add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story he is about to reread.
42. The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them.
According to the passage, usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of his soul.
43. As we know, e-readers may have some negative impacts on health, so I like reading physical books. They not only make me feel real, having a feeling of belongings, but they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to take them anywhere. (possible answers)
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己的阅读习惯，介绍了自己选择纸质书籍的原因，认为实体书籍可能不是最有效的媒介，但它们是最有意义的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn’t the right reading experience for me.(但经过两年偶尔在这个设备上的阅读以后，我把它给了我弟弟。对我来说这不是正确的阅读体验)”可知，作者把自己的iPad给了弟弟，是因为他不喜欢在这个设备上阅读，iPad给不了他正确的阅读体验。故答案为Because it couldn’t give him the right reading experience.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes…I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to reread. (当我打开一本旧书，看到我以前潦草的笔记时……我能够为我即将重读的故事增加额外的个人深度和体验)”可知，当看到旧书上自己的笔记时，作者认为自己可以为即将重读的故事增添额外的深度和体验。故答案为He can add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story he is about to reread.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段的“Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul. (偶尔，我会经历一个决定捐赠哪本书的过程，但通常与一本书分离的想法感觉就像是放弃了我灵魂的一部分)”可知，作者读完实体书后，通常有一种与实体书分离就像是放弃了自己灵魂一部分的想法，推断“he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them(他通常读完后把书送给别人)”是错误的。故答案为The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them. According to the passage, usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of his soul.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。本题是开放性试题。只要合情合理，符合字数要求即可。故参考答案为As we know, e-readers may have some negative impacts on health, so I like reading physical books. They not only make me feel real, having a feeling of belongings, but they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to take them anywhere.
第二节（15分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。新学期伊始，你的好朋友Jim在进入高中后，不进不太适应新生活，还经常生病，Jim感受到了很大的压力。请你给他写一封电子邮件，向他提一些建议，内容包括：
1.表示理解
2.你的建议（积极适应；强身健体）
注意：1.词数：100词左右
2.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice. As a senior high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to successfully get through the next three years.
The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends. As for study, it is essential to find out what needs to be done. Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard. I hope you will make progress in your study.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于劝慰信。要求考生给英国笔友回信，就如何处理学习压力这一问题表示理解和关心，给对方提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
建议：advice→suggestion
照顾：take care of→look after
重要的：essential→important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
拓展句： Then make a schedule and set time for each subject, which will ensure you enough time to review.
【高分句型1】Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句，不定式作目的状语）
【高分句型2】 Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends.(运用了whenever引导时间状语从句）
首师大附中2022-2023学年第一学期期中练习
高一英语
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出作家选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One summer afternoon, when I was about eight years of age, I was looking at a beautiful rainbow. Somebody said, "If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver." without ___1___, I rushed from the house, and set off toward the woods.
I was so sure that I knew just where that rainbow ended. I remembered how glad and proud I was in my thoughts, and what fine presents I promised to all my friends out of my ___2___. So thinking, and laying delightful plans, almost before I knew it I had ___3___ the thick forest, and the end of the rainbow was not there! I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off; so on and on I ___4___, through the thick bushes and across rapid streams. Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine（豪猪）, who made himself still larger when he saw me. Fearing that he would attack me, I ran from him fast. In my ___5___ and hurry I forgot to keep my eye on the rainbow, and when, at last, I remembered and looked for it, it was nowhere in sight! It had quite ___6___ away. I burst into tears, for I had lost all my treasures.
But I soon found that my ___7___ had only begun: I was lost! I could not tell which was east or west but wandered about here and there, crying and calling, though I knew that no one could ___8___ me. All at once I heard my nickname called, so I jumped up. It was my eldest brother. He hugged and kissed away all my tears, and then he told me what the rainbow really is: "It is only painted air, and does not ___9___ on the earth. But it tells us something more. When you set off on a pilgrimage, you will be ____10____ by the rainbow through all the dark places of this world to treasures in your heart, better, far better, than silver or gold."
1. A. appreciation B. intention C. hesitation D. explanation
2. A. eyes B. riches C. way D. mind
3. A. noticed B. cleared C. passed D. reached
4. A. struggled B. imagined C. looked D. worked
5. A. horror B. embarrassment C. sorrow D. disappointment
6. A. flown B. moved C. broken D. faded
7. A. failure B. doubts C. anger D. troubles
8. A. attack B. understand C. forgive D. hear
9. A. jump B. rest C. drop D. lie
10. A. cheated B. moved C. led D. caught
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者寻找彩虹而跑进森林的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我毫不犹豫地冲出房子，向树林走去。A. appreciation欣赏；B. intention目的；C. hesitation犹豫；D. explanation解释。根据上文“Somebody said, "If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver. (有人说：如果你走到彩虹的尽头，你会发现那里有很多金罐和银罐)”可知，为了找到很多金罐和银罐，作者毫不犹豫地向森林走去。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用我的财富许诺给我所有的朋友们多么好的礼物啊。A. eyes眼睛；B. riches财富；C. way方法，手段；D. mind头脑，大脑。根据上文“Somebody said, If you should go to the end of the rainbow, you would find there great pots of gold and silver. (有人说：如果你走到彩虹的尽头，你会发现那里有很多金罐和银罐)”可知，作者想找到很多的金罐和银罐，用他们作为礼物送给自己的朋友。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道我已经来到了茂密的森林，彩虹的尽头不在那里！A. noticed注意；B. cleared使干净；C. passed通过；D. reached到达。根据上文“without ___1___, I rushed from the house(我毫不犹豫地冲出房子，向树林走去)”可知，作者已经来到了茂密的森林。故选D。
4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就这样，我挣扎着向前走，穿过茂密的灌木丛，越过湍急的溪流。A. struggled努力；B. imagined想象；C. looked看；D. worked工作。根据上文“I saw it shining down among the trees a little farther off (我看见它在稍远一点的树林里闪闪发光)”可知，作者看到彩虹在稍远一点的树林里闪闪发光，所以作者挣扎着向前走。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在惊恐和匆忙中，我忘记了盯着彩虹。A. horror震惊，恐惧；B. embarrassment尴尬的；C. sorrow悲伤的；D. disappointment失望的。根据上文“Suddenly I met in my way a large porcupine（豪猪）, who made himself still larger when he saw me. (突然，我在路上遇到了一只大豪猪，它一看见我就变得更大了)”可知，作者在路上遇到了一只大豪猪，非常的惊恐和匆忙。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经完全消失了。A. flown飞行；B. moved感动；C. broken打破；D. faded渐弱。根据上文“I remembered and looked for it, it was nowhere in sight! (我想起来了，就去找它，可是哪儿也找不到！)”可知，它已经完全消失。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我很快发现我的麻烦才刚刚开始。A. failure失败；B. doubts怀疑；C. anger怒气；D. troubles麻烦。根据后文“I was lost! I could not tell which was east or west but wandered about here and there(我迷路了！我分不清哪是东方，哪是西方，只能东奔西走)”可知，作者的麻烦才刚刚开始。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哭喊着，虽然我知道没有人能听到我。A. attack袭击；B. understand理解；C. forgive原谅；D. hear听到。根据上文“crying and calling (哭喊着)”以及though表示转折，可知，哭喊着，虽然我知道没有人能听到我，我还是哭喊着。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它只是涂上颜料的空气，并不停留在地面上。A. jump跳； B. rest在于，停留；C. drop掉落；D. lie说谎。根据上文“It is only painted air (它只是涂上颜料的空气)”可知，彩虹只是涂上颜料的空气，并不停留在地面上。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你踏上朝圣之旅的时候，彩虹会带着你穿过这个世界上所有黑暗的地方，找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多。A. cheated作弊；B. moved感动；C. led引导；D. caught抓住。根据本句“to treasures in your heart, better, far better, than silver or gold (找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多)”可知，彩虹会带着你穿过这个世界上所有黑暗的地方，找到你心中的宝藏，这些宝藏比金银财宝好得多。故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
An ongoing television documentary telling the historic achievements that ____11____ (happen) in China since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2012 has attracted wide attention. The 16-episode series, produced by the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and other departments, aims to give the audience a sense of the thriving development of the country.
The filming team traveled to 97 towns and subdistricts in 22 provincial-level regions and interviewed over 100 people, offering a vivid 1____12____ (present) of the happy lives and positive spirit of the Chinese people in the modern era.
【答案】11. have happened
12. presentation
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由中共中央宣传部和其他部门联合制作的16集的电视剧，旨在让观众感受到国家的蓬勃发展。
【11题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：一部讲述自2012年中国共产党十八大以来中国所取得的历史性成就的电视纪录片，正在播出并引起了广泛关注。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为the historic achievements，根据时间状语“since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(自从党的十八大以来)”可知，定语从句的时态为现在完成时，that指代先行词the historic achievements在定语从句中充当主语，结合主谓一致。故填have happened。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：摄制组走访了22个省级地区的97个乡镇和街道，采访了100多人，生动地展现了现代中国人民的幸福生活和积极向上的精神风貌。设空处前为不定冠词a，设空处应用名词单数形式。故填presentation。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
White Fang is a story about a wolf-dog rescued from Beauty Smith ____13____ is an abusive and horrible owner. With the ____14____ (kind) and love he is shown with his new owner, Scott, White Fang slowly becomes awake to his need to love and to be loved, and therefore changes his life. Later, he trusts and relies on Scott, and defends his new family.
This novel ____15____ (write) in 1906 by Jack London and describes life in 1800s America, with the Gold Rush and Yukon Territory as the background. This story also changes perspective, or point of view, and allows readers ____16____ (get) closer to the minds of humans and wolves.
【答案】13. who##that
14. kindness
15. was written
16. to get
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了小说《白牙》，它是关于一只狼狗被从虐待动物的可怕主人那里解救出来的故事。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：白牙是一个关于一只狼狗被从贝儿·史密斯这个虐待动物的可怕主人那里解救出来的故事。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为Beauty Smith，故填who或者that。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：随着它的新主人斯科特对它的友善和爱，白牙慢慢地意识到它对爱和被爱的需求，并因此改变了它的生活。设空处作介词的宾语，应用名词形式；设空处表示抽象概念为不可数名词。故填kindness。
【15题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态。句意：这部小说写于1906年，作者是杰克·伦敦，描述了19世纪美国的生活。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间为被动关系；根据时间状语in 1906，可知句子的时态为一般过去时，故设空处为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为this novel，结合主谓一致。故填was written。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事也改变了视角或观点，让读者更接近人类和狼的思想。设空出在句中作非谓语，固定句式allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事。故填to get。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. There are some traditional customs. First, the Chinese character Fu is attached upside down ____17____ the front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. Also, it is time for Chinese family to gather. People will enjoy a big dinner and eat some traditional food, like jiaozi ____18____ meaning is the best wishes for health and happiness in the coming year. Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, ____19____ the spirit of the festival-the spirit of family-has ____20____ (large) been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practiced by people across the country.
【答案】17. to 18. whose
19. but 20. largely
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的传统节日—春节。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：首先，“福”字倒贴在前门上。固定短语attach…to…依附；把……贴在……上面。故填to。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：人们会享用一顿丰盛的晚餐，吃一些传统食物，比如饺子，饺子的意思是祝愿来年健康幸福。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作定语，先行词为jiaozi。故填whose。
【19题详解】
考查连词。句意：随着历史的发展，一些原始的习俗已经改变了，但是节日的精神——家庭的精神在很大程度上被保留了下来。设空处前后句为转折关系。故填but。
20题详解】
考查副词。句意见上题解析。设空处修饰动词应用副词的形式。故填largely。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
THE CEREMONY
Monday, May 23, 2022
Where to go?
Student Line Up
Grad Plaza | Walk to the left once inside the check-in area. Staff will be on hand to direct you and your guests.
Ceremony Location
Louis Armstrong Stadium in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
Eligible to graduate?
Students who graduated in October 2021, February 2022, and May 2022 are eligible to walk in the 2022 ceremony.
COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement：
All grads and guests over age 5 must show proof of vaccination and a valid ID at all graduation venues.
Patrons aged 18 and older also must present an appropriate ID with proof of vaccination, which must contain the name of the individual and either a photo of the individual or the individual' s date of birth. All children under 5 are permitted to access the stadium because they are not eligible for a vaccine, as long as they are accompanied by an adult who can show proof of vaccination as not ed above.
Face Masks：
While masks are optional, we encourage guests to wear a mask due to the large crowds expected to attend.
Tickets
• Graduates will be able to register for up to eight(8)guest tickets.
• Tickets are electronic and will be sent via email from Ticketmaster to the graduate.
Bag Check
All guests will have their bags checked before they enter into the Stadium for the Ceremonies.
Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, balloons, boxes, backpacks and other large items will not be permitted inside the Stadium, as well as the following items：
• Glass bottles or cans
• Alcohol
• Animals(Exception:service animals)
• Any materials, items or apparel constituting unauthorized advertising or promotion
• Selfie-sticks or other telescopic devices
Subway：The 7 train provides service from Grand Central Terminal to Mets-Willets Point Station
Long Island Rail Road:LIRR provides easy service to Mets-Willets Point Station from Woodside, and convenient connections from Penn Station for New Jersey Transit customers. For guests with dis abilities, get off the LIRR train at 61st Street-Woodside Station and transfer to the 7 train. Take the 7 train to Mets-Willets Point Station.
ARRIVING BY UBER/LYFT/TAXI/CAR SERVICE
Please tell your driver to take you to the Mets-Willets Point station stop of the 7 train(near 126th Street & Roosevelt Ave)then walk 5 minutes to the East gates.
Do not use a street address for the stadium as very often you will be let out on the opposite side of the Park extending your walk by at least 10 minutes.
21. Based on the information in the passage, which statement is true?
A. Children under 5 can’t access the Stadium.
B. Invited guests should print their registered tickets.
C. All attendee’s better wear a mask during the ceremony.
D. Students graduated in May 2021 should line up at Grad Plaza.
22. According to the passage, who can successfully pass the bag check security screening?
A. Brandon with a carry-on baggage
B. Alex with an extendable hand-held selfie stick
C. Christina’s father with a glass bottle of water.
D. Dana’s blind grandmother with her guide dog.
23. If a graduate’s parents live in Penn Station area, how can they get to the Stadium cost-effectively?
A. Take the 7 train from Grand Central Terminal to the Mets-Willets Point station.
B. Take the LIRR from Penn Station and all the way to Mets-Willets Point station.
C. Take the New Jersey Transit from Penn Station and get off at Mets-Willets Point station.
D. Take the LIRR to 61st Street-Woodside Station and get a taxi to the Mets-Willets Point station.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在路易斯阿姆斯特朗体育场举办的典礼的相关信息及其要求。
21题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第二部分最后一段“While masks are optional, we encourage guests to wear a mask due to the large crowds expected to attend(虽然口罩是可选择的，但我们鼓励客人戴着口罩，因为预计会有很多人参加）可知，所有与会者最好戴上口罩。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Bag Check部分“Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, balloons, boxes, backpacks and other large items will not be permitted inside the Stadium(行李、大包、标志、旗帜、横幅、气球、箱子、背包和其他大型物品不得进入体育场广，根据“Alcohol(含酒精饮料）”和“Animals(Exception: service animals)(动物（例外：服务动物）)以及“Selfie-sticks or other telescopic devices(自拍杆或其他伸缩装置）”可知，可伸缩的手持式自拍杆、行李、和含酒精的香槟不允许带入体育场，达娜祖母的狗是服务型动物，可以进入体育场。故选D项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Mass Transit部分“Long Island Rail Road: LIRR provides easy service to Mets-Willets Point Station from Woodside, and convenient connections from Penn Station for New Jersey Transit customers(长岛铁路：LIRR从 Woodside向 Mets-Willets Point站提供便捷的服务，并为新泽西州的运输客户提供从宾夕法尼亚站的便捷连接）”可知，如果一个毕业生的父母住在宾夕法尼亚州车站地区，他们可以从宾夕法尼亚站乘坐LIRR，一直到大都会Mets-Willets Point站，故选B项。
B
On the day he almost died, Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restauranteur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot-how he might make a difference to the food industry-but beyond expanding his farm-to-table movement along with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope and fell over, breaking his neck.
Musk eventually make a full recovery, but it involved spending two months on his back, which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America; attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high-tech, data-driven, year-round farms; and this year, is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at-home gardens.
Aimed at reaching low-income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before,” says Musk. “People were looking to garden for a bunch of reasons: to save money on groceries, to improve the nutritional quality of their diets, or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.”
The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors, and will be distributed through schools that Musk’s non-profit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “It’s not difficult. Anyone can do this, no matter where you come from, no matter where you live. We are all able to grow something,” says Musk.
24. What inspired Musk to make a difference to food industry?
A. The pandemic. B. A skiing accident.
C. Jamie Oliver’s speech. D. The farm-to-table movement.
25. What does the Million Gardens Movement focus on?
A. Encouraging people to preserve nature.
B. Providing free food for low-income families.
C. Promoting “learning gardens” across schools.
D. Educating new gardens to grow their own food.
26. Which of the following best describes Musk?
A. Charity-minded. B. Stubborn. C. Easy-going. D. Scholarly.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry（这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jackson Hole的一个会议抵达Jackson Hole，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变）”可知Musk是在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选C项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching low-income families, the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic, as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people’s lives.（旨在惠及低收入家庭的百万花园运动受到流行病的启发，因为渴望与自然建立更多联系的愿望和粮食的不安全一直处于许多人生活的最前沿。）”可知渴望与自然的联系和粮食安全问题是人们咨询百万花园运动的主要原因；根据文章最后一段“It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “It’s not difficult. Anyone can do this, no matter where you come from, no matter where you live. We are all able to grow something,” says Musk.（它还提供免费课程，介绍如何让花园生长以及在不断变化的生长季节提供新鲜种子和材料。“这并不难。任何人都可以做到这一点，无论你来自哪里，无论你住在哪里。 我们都能够种植一些东西，”马斯克说。）”可知，百万花园计划是专门教人自己种植的；与前面人们咨询百万花园运动的原因结合起来，可推断，百万花园重点是教人们如何种植自己吃的食物，使人们吃的食物更健康，并增加人与自然之间的联系。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching low-income families（旨在惠及低收入家庭）”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段“The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors（该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件）”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It also offers free courses（它还提供免费课程）”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的；故选A项。
C
To the Sweden, there are few smells more attractive than surströmming (臭鲱鱼). To most non-Sweden there are probably few smells more repulsive — the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like. In determining which smells people find pleasant or not, surströmming suggests culture must play a size able part.
New research, however, suggests that might not be the case. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.
To study how smell and culture relate the researchers presented ten smells. These smells varied from herb to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for smelly socks. More in-between smells, which the team thought might split opinions, included octanoic acid; and octenol, an carthy smell found in many mushrooms. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely too, including hunters, farmers and city folk.
All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The researchers found that pleasantness ran kings were remarkable consistent regardless of where people came from. Isovaleric acid was hated by the vast majority, only eight giving it a score of l to 3 (I was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant ). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells explained 41 % of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbringing accounted for just 6 %
Even so, while culture didn't shape perceptions (感知) of smells in the way that it shapes perceptions of faces, the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.
27. What does the underlined word “repulsive” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Enjoyable. B. Awful
C. Special. D. Unusual.
28. Which smell ranked first in terms of pleasantness?
A. Octenol. B. Herb.
C. Octanoic acid . D. Isovalericacid.
29. What plays a major role in the appreciation of smells?
A. Personal taste. B. Cultural background.
C. Life experience. D. Chemical composition.
30. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. You Are What You Smell B. Culture determine Smells
C. People Like the Same Smells D. Smells Are the Same as Beauty
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like.（人们形容这种鱼闻起来像酸猫砂，甚至像粪便）”可知这种气味是让人生厌的。故划线处和B项：Awful（让人讨厌的、不舒服的）含义相近。故选B。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3.（另一方面，超过190人给herb打了1到3分的分数）”可知在愉悦感方面，草本气味排在第一位。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）”可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用。故选A。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful. （文化在决定令人愉悦的气味方面起着重要作用。这不仅仅是因为像surströmming这样的例子。他们从其他研究人员过去的实验中知道，文化在决定人们认为哪种面孔美丽方面很重要）”以及文章的最后一段“Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.（研究人员认为，随机性来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好，这种随机性在人们喜欢的气味差异中占54%）可知个人品味在对气味的鉴赏中起着重要作用，它来自于从外部个体文化中习得的个人偏好；即由于个体文化，人们喜欢相同的气味，合乎题意。故选C。
D
Since the early to mid-2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people’s phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days — especially kids, teens, and young adults — there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people.
Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new tuck-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change.
For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered (加滤镜) and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren’t even real in the first place.
It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn’t spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time — many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media.
31. Why does the author mention “rock-and-roll” in Paragraph 2?
A. To predict the future of social media.
B. To underline the advantages of social media.
C. To analyze why social media is so popular today.
D. To explain why social media is regarded as negative.
32. What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps?
A. Disturbing. B. Understandable. C. Intolerable. D. Innovative.
33. What does the text suggest people do about social media?
A. Make the best use of it.
B. Completely stay away from it.
C. Prohibit young people from using it.
D. Spend reasonable amounts of time on it.
34. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes us so addicted to social media?
B. Why is social media so popular among teenagers?
C. Should we depend on social media for information?
D. Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. D 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心及个人看法。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. So many people thought rock-and-roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn’t the case.(当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。很多人认为摇滚乐让青少年道德败坏，事实并非如此)”及“Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new rock-and-roll: it’s a new thing, and people demonize (妖魔化) change. (在手机出现之前，青少年会听摇滚乐作为一种逃避现实的方式，或者他们会看电视，去看电影，滑冰，或者穿疯狂的衣服。不幸的是，所有这些事情一度被认为对年轻人有不良影响。社交媒体是一种新摇滚：它是一种新事物，人们将变化妖魔化)”可推知，作者认为如同曾经摇滚乐被认为是不好的事物一样，人们认为社交媒体是一种新的摇滚，人们将其妖魔化，因此推断作者在第二段中提到“摇滚乐”是为了解释为什么社交媒体被认为是负面的原因。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching (修整) tools for photos and media since Photoshop and other post-production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn’t making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. (然而，自从Photoshop和其他后期制作服务被发明以来，模特、杂志和电影一直在使用照片和媒体的修饰工具。社交媒体让人们更容易看到经过编辑的图片，但社交媒体本身并没有让人们想要以特定的方式看待（问题）。人们应该承认这些照片是不真实的，这些帖子是故意做得好看的)”可推知，作者认为在社交媒体应用程序上发布编辑过的照片是可以理解的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，这篇文章建议人们在社交媒体上花合理的时间。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don’t understand comes along. (许多人认为，社交媒体是一种不健康的消磨时间的方式，来自网络的虚假信息正在造成混乱和恐慌。当人们不理解的新事物出现时，每一代人都会发生这种事情。)”及最后一段中的“It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. (似乎社交媒体的大多数问题都是用户的错误，比如有人抱怨有太多的人沉迷于社交媒体)”和“Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media. (然而，这似乎是一个很容易解决的问题，因为解决方案只是提前几个小时关掉手机。因此，很明显，适度是处理所有社交媒体问题的关键)”可知，文章对社交媒体带来的影响进行了陈述，并分析了造成这种现象的原因，作者认为解决社交媒体带来的问题的关键在于使用者应该学会适度使用。由此可知，Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?(把所有的问题都归咎于社交媒体对吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
七选五根据短文内容，你的生活从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays a vegetarian (素食的) lifestyle is becoming more and more popular. Keeping a vegetarian diet is one of the best things we can do.
___35___A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. And it can provide protection against various kinds of diseases, including the three biggest killers: heart disease, cancer, and other serious diseases. The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.___36___Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.___37___Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.
___38___Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it? Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.___39___
A. Growing all the crops needed to feed animals requires great amounts of water and land.
B. This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.
C. Vegetarian diets are the only diets that work for long term weight loss.
D. All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.
E. Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.
F. It’s never too late to turn over a new page.
G. Living on plants also saves energy.
【答案】35. E 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阐述的是当今社会越来越流行素食主义，介绍了素食的好处。
【35题详解】
根据空后的“A well planned vegetarian diet provides us with all the nutrients (营养素) we need and avoids fat, cholesterol (胆固醇) found in animal flesh, eggs, and dairy foods. ”（精心规划的素食可以提供我们所需的所有营养，并避免动物肉、鸡蛋和奶制品中的脂肪和胆固醇。），可知，精心规划的素食能够提供人类身体所需要的营养，有益于人们的身体健康。承接上文的内容应该是概括素食能够保证人们的健康。故选E项“Healthy vegetarian diets support a lifetime of good health.”（健康的素食饮食保证人们一生健康），与此对应。故选E。
【36题详解】
根据空前的“The American Dietetic Association states that vegetarians have lower rates of death from heart disease, lower blood cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and lower rates of high blood pressure.”（美国饮食协会指出，素食者死于心脏病的几率较低，血液中的胆固醇水平较低，血压和高血压的发病率也较低。）可知，素食者可以降低各种疾病患病的几率。D选项“All of these diseases are more likely to happen to meat eaters.”（所有这些疾病都更容易发生在肉食者身上。）中的all of these diseases与前文中的各种疾病呼应。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据空前的“Scientists have also found that vegetarians have stronger immune systems than their meat-eating friends.”（科学家还发现，素食者的免疫系统比吃肉的朋友更强。）以及空后的“Vegetarians live, on average, 6 to 10 years longer than meat eaters.”（素食者的平均寿命比肉食者长6到10年。）可知，素食者免疫系统更强，更少受到疾病的影响，才能平均寿命更长。B选项“This means that they are less likely to be affected by everyday illnesses like the flu.”（这意味着他们不太可能受到流感等日常疾病的影响。）中的this指代的就是前文的素食者的免疫系统更强这一点。故B承接前文引起下文。故选B。
【38题详解】
根据后文的“Animals raised for food consume the vast majority of their calories simply in order to live, just as we do. We feed more than 70 percent of the grains to farm animals. So it’s really a huge waste, isn’t it? ”（为食用而饲养的动物消耗着大量的卡路里，这仅仅是为了生存，就像我们一样。我们用超过70%的谷物饲养家畜。所以这真的是一种巨大的浪费，不是吗？）可知饲养动物并使其成为人类的食物来源是浪费资源的，而素食是可以节省资源的。故G选项“Living on plants also saves energy.”（靠植物生活也能节省能源。）指出的是素食是可以节省资源的这一优点，与下文呼应。故选G。
【39题详解】
根据空前的“Try your best to find tips on the health benefits of a vegetarian diet.”（尽你最大的努力去寻找素食对健康有益的好处。）可知，要尽力找到素食的好处。F选项“It’s never too late to turn over a new page.”（翻开新的一页永远不晚。）可知，F项作为结束句起到号召作用，呼吁大家采用素食的方法保持健康。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节；27分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第41、42小题各2分；第43小题各3分，第44小题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题
I’m no literary Luddite (反对新技术的人). I bought an iPad with my first paycheck from my first full-time job after graduating from college. But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn’t the right reading experience for me.
Technology lovers choose e-readers over books because e-readers are more convenient. They’re right. It is objectively easier to carry a 7oz (盎司) tablet with thousands and thousands of books at your fingertips than it is to carry five books in your bag, which is exactly what I did on vacation.
But I don’t read for convenience. I read to learn more about the world and myself. I have made friends by seeing a book cover in a cafe and noticing that it was the same title that I was reading. I can trace my life by the books that have been my companions. When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes — shaky ones when I’ve been reading on the subway, covered in sand if I read it at the beach, next to a train ticket if I was traveling — I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to reread. It’s just not enough to simply consuming the story, which is what e-readers are great for.
When I read paper books, I hold onto them for long periods of time. I just purchased a new bookshelf specially for my “to be read” pile. Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul.
Physical books may not be the most efficient medium, but they are the most meaningful. So keep your Kindle, by all means. But I’ll be happy hoarding with my library.
40. Why did the author give his iPad to his brother?
41. What can the author get when he sees his notes in an old book?
42. Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
● The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them.
43. What is your favourite book? And why? (about 40 words)
【答案】40. Because it couldn’t give him the right reading experience.
41. He can add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story he is about to reread.
42. The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them.
According to the passage, usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of his soul.
43. As we know, e-readers may have some negative impacts on health, so I like reading physical books. They not only make me feel real, having a feeling of belongings, but they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to take them anywhere. (possible answers)
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。作者通过讲述自己的阅读习惯，介绍了自己选择纸质书籍的原因，认为实体书籍可能不是最有效的媒介，但它们是最有意义的。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段的“But after two years of reading occasionally on the device, I gave it away to my brother. It just wasn’t the right reading experience for me.(但经过两年偶尔在这个设备上的阅读以后，我把它给了我弟弟。对我来说这不是正确的阅读体验)”可知，作者把自己的iPad给了弟弟，是因为他不喜欢在这个设备上阅读，iPad给不了他正确的阅读体验。故答案为Because it couldn’t give him the right reading experience.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段的“When I open an old book and come across my previously scribbled notes…I am able to add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story I am about to reread. (当我打开一本旧书，看到我以前潦草的笔记时……我能够为我即将重读的故事增加额外的个人深度和体验)”可知，当看到旧书上自己的笔记时，作者认为自己可以为即将重读的故事增添额外的深度和体验。故答案为He can add an extra level of personal depth and experience to the story he is about to reread.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段的“Once in a while, I go through the process of deciding which books to donate, but usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of my soul. (偶尔，我会经历一个决定捐赠哪本书的过程，但通常与一本书分离的想法感觉就像是放弃了我灵魂的一部分)”可知，作者读完实体书后，通常有一种与实体书分离就像是放弃了自己灵魂一部分的想法，推断“he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them(他通常读完后把书送给别人)”是错误的。故答案为The author loves physical books and he usually gives them away when he finishes reading them. According to the passage, usually the idea of parting with a book feels like giving away a part of his soul.
【43题详解】
考查开放答题。本题是开放性试题。只要合情合理，符合字数要求即可。故参考答案为As we know, e-readers may have some negative impacts on health, so I like reading physical books. They not only make me feel real, having a feeling of belongings, but they are like my companions and more meaningful to me./I like reading e-readers, because they are very convenient for me to take them anywhere.
第二节（15分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。新学期伊始，你的好朋友Jim在进入高中后，不进不太适应新生活，还经常生病，Jim感受到了很大的压力。请你给他写一封电子邮件，向他提一些建议，内容包括：
1.表示理解
2.你的建议（积极适应；强身健体）
注意：1.词数：100词左右
2.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice. As a senior high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to successfully get through the next three years.
The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends. As for study, it is essential to find out what needs to be done. Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard. I hope you will make progress in your study.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于劝慰信。要求考生给英国笔友回信，就如何处理学习压力这一问题表示理解和关心，给对方提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
建议：advice→suggestion
照顾：take care of→look after
重要的：essential→important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
拓展句： Then make a schedule and set time for each subject, which will ensure you enough time to review.
【高分句型1】Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice.(运用了现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句，不定式作目的状语）
【高分句型2】 Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends.(运用了whenever引导时间状语从句）
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