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2022-2023学年北京市东城区第二中学高一上学期第三学段英语试卷 （解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京市东城区第二中学高一上学期第三学段英语试卷 （解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
北京二中2022—2023学年度第三学段高一年级学段考试试卷
英语
第一部分：知识运用(20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two-year-old Nancy is deaf. However, that hasn’t stopped her from being a(n) ____1____ little girl trying to “chat” to anyone she meets. As soon as she goes out into town with her parents, she starts ____2____ in the hope that the person she is talking to knows sign language too.
Normally, hearing loss is a social ____3____ for those who don’t know how to use sign language. Anyone Nancy tried to talk to ____4____ this and felt so sorry they couldn’t respond. They wished they could ____5____ her and say something back, but they found themselves completely at a loss.
Then, something amazing happened. Instead of causing a/an ____6____, this barrier brought the community together. Determined to learn sign language so that they could talk to Nancy, her neighbors hired an instructor on their own, and now they are ____7____ to taking classes together. The teacher admits that this is really remarkable because, quite often, even the parents of deaf children don’t want to learn the language. But here Nancy has a full community that is signing and communicating with her, and it is a/an ____8____ story.
The teacher also says that this level of inclusion will make a huge difference in Nancy’s life. It almost certainly ensures that she will be a happier and more ____9____ individual in the future. Nancy’s parents are already noticing a _____10_____ in their daughter and they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors.
With a little girl and a lot of love, the neighbors truly make the neighborhood a community.
1. A. independent B. persistent C. outgoing D. generous
2. A. signing B. cheering C. waving D. smiling
3. A. absence B. barrier C. stress D. interaction
4. A. discussed B. ignored C. realized D. predicted
5. A. inspire B. protect C. trust D. understand
6. A. conflict B. separation C. complaint D. incident
7. A. devoted B. opposed C. used D. addicted
8. A. appealing B. fascinating C. rewarding D. moving
9. A. well-adjusted B. healthy C. normal D. grateful
10. A. potential B. belief C. strength D. difference
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了南希从小失聪，但是这并没有阻止她成为一个想要与人沟通的外向的孩子。她尝试用手语和周围的人交流，但是大家都听不懂。于是社区里的邻居们请了一位老师来教他们手语，手语老师也赞同这是一个很了不起的举动。因为有爱，这些邻居们真正地将这个社区变成了一个大家庭。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她成为一个外向的小女孩，试图与她遇到的任何人“聊天”。A. independent独立的；B. persistent持久性的；C. outgoing外向的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“trying to “chat” to anyone she meets”可知，南希是一个外向的小女孩。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要她和父母一起进城，她就会开始用手语，希望和她交谈的人也懂手语。A. signing打手势；B. cheering欢呼；C. waving挥舞；D. smiling微笑。根据下文“that the person she is talking to knows sign language too”可知，她开始用手语与人交流。sign意为“打手势”符合题意。故选A。
3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，对于那些不知道如何使用手语的人来说，听力损失是一种社交障碍。A. absence缺席；B. barrier障碍；C. stress压力；D. interaction互动。根据下文“this barrier brought the community together.”及常识可知，听力损失是一种社交障碍。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点，并为自己无法回应而感到遗憾。A. discussed讨论；B. ignored忽略；C. realized意识到；D. predicted预测。根据下文“felt so sorry”可知，任何一个南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望自己能理解她的意思，并对她说些什么，但他们发现自己完全不知所措。A. inspire激励；B. protect保护；C. trust信任；D. understand理解。根据下文“say something back”可知，他们希望他们能够明白南希手语的意思。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个障碍非但没有造成隔阂，反而把社区团结在了一起。A. conflict冲突；B. separation分离；C. complaint投诉；D. incident事故。根据语境可知，此处表示这道屏障并没有造成隔离，反而把社区团结在了一起。设空处与下文的“brought the community together”形成对比。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了能和南希交流，她的邻居们决定学习手语，他们自己请了一名手语教练，现在他们专心致志地一起上课。A. devoted专心的；B. opposed反对的；C. used习惯的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据上文“hired an instructor on their own”及空后“taking classes together”可知，南希的邻居们专心上课学手语。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在这里，南希有一个完整的社区，与她交流，这是一个感人的故事。A. appealing吸引人的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. rewarding值得的；D. moving感人的。根据上文“Determined to learn sign language so that they could talk to Nancy, her neighbors hired an instructor on their own”可知，南希社区里的居民为了和她交流而学习手语，这是一个感人的故事。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这几乎可以肯定，她将来会成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。A. well-adjusted很好适应的；B. healthy健康的；C. normal正常的；D. grateful感激的。根据空前“It almost certainly guarantees that she will be a happier”以及上文的描述可知，此处表示邻居们的暖心之举一定会让她将来成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希的父母已经注意到女儿的变化，他们无法用语言表达对邻居们的感激之情。A. potential潜力；B. belief信仰；C. strength强度；D. difference不同之处。根据下文“they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors.”可知，此处表示南希的父母已经注意到他们女儿的变化（不同之处）了。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In ancient China lived an artist ____11____ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ____12____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would ____13____ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
【答案】11. whose
12. finest 13. be chosen
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位中国画家给皇帝的首席大臣展示画作时，大臣告诉他去漓江旅行，也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在中国古代有一位画家，他的画非常逼真。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词artist和paintings之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
【12题详解】
考查最高级。句意：有一天，皇帝想要画好自己的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的作品，这样他就可以从中挑选最好的。由“he could choose the best”可知，句子表示“皇帝想要画好自己的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的作品”，空格处意为“最好的”，用最高级finest。故填finest。
【13题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：艺术家确信他会被选中，但当他把这幅杰作展示给皇帝的首席大臣时，老人笑了。艺术家是被选中，句子用被动语态，would是情态动词，因此空格处是be done，因此空格处是be chosen。故填be chosen。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ____14____ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ____15____ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ____16____ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
【答案】14. being
15. which 16. finally
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。此处位于介词for之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填being。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the pet shop，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后，她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词，作状语。故填finally。
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___17___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___18___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___19___(form) the core collection of the British Museum ___20___ opened in 1759.
【答案】17. wealthy
18. or 19. formed
20. which/that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。许多人有收集东西的爱好，例如邮票、明信片或古董。在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。例如，Hans Sloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于1759年开放。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。修饰后文名词people应用形容词wealthy，作定语。故填wealthy。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。结合上下文语境可知此处为选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：例如，Hans Sloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于1759年开放。form在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填formed。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句修饰先行词British Museum，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.
The Path to Happiness
From Confucianism to Daoism, the philosophies developed over two thousand years ago are among the most powerful in human history. This course brings voices from the past into modern contexts to explore the path to a good life today.
Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022
Fees: Free of charge
Pace: Self-paced
Difficulty: Introductory
Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
This course is about ancient Greece with its unique places, ways of life and historical changes. We survey the most important social institutions and cultural traditions. We also study everyday features such as food and dress.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Introductory
Biotechnology and the Human Good
Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.
Duration: June 21—August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
Superheroes and Power
What makes superheroes popular? How can they help us think about super powers? In this course, we explore those questions in Marvel and DC favorites (especially the X-Men) as well as independent comics novels.
Duration: June 22 —August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
21. Which course can you take if you are free in Oct. 2021?
A The Path to Happiness B. Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
C. Biotechnology and the Human Good D. Superheroes and Power
22. What does Biotechnology and the Human Good deal with?
A. Powers of superheroes. B. More uses of biotech.
C. Ways to increase happiness. D. Clinical practices of biotech.
23. What do the four courses have in common?
A. They are of the same level. B. They are free of charge.
C. They belong to the same subject. D. They are instructor-led.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Path to Happiness部分“Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022(时间：2021年6月16日至2022年6月14日)”可知，如果2021年10月你有空，你可以上The Path to Happiness课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Biotechnology and the Human Good部分“Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.(生物技术为治愈病人和减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和充满希望的前景。在这门课程中，我们会考虑常见治疗之外可能的功能，比如让人看起来更年轻、表现更好、变得完美。)”可知，Biotechnology and the Human Good研究的是生物技术的更多用途。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.(网络课程为人们提供了丰富的学习机会。试试哈佛的一些关于人文学科的在线课程。)”以及结合四个课程的介绍可知，这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科——人文学科。故选C。
B
Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. Her hometown Zaidai Village in Guizhou, southwestern China, is home to the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group.
The Grand Song of Dong dates from more than 2,500 years ago. The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment. Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.”
Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. As a Dong saying goes, “Rice feeds the body and songs enrich the soul”. The Dong people sing right from their childhood. While not singing, they all work in their rice field.
Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas. “The songs are our means of passing on wisdom, knowledge and life experiences to others. I will not exist in this world 100 years later, but Grand songs will. I’m honored to do this job, ” Guanmei said.
Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years. Now she has more than 300 students. Guanmei is pleased to see the village children come to her house willingly when they have free time.
“Nowadays, more and more young people leave the village and settle in cities. Decades later, the Dong children out of the village might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. It’s our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei.
24. What makes the Grand Song of Dong known as “the sound of Nature”?
A. The outstanding conductor.
B. The special musical instrument.
C. The attractive natural environment.
D. The inspiration from nature.
25. What can we know about the Dong ethnic culture?
A. The Dong singers are professionals.
B. The Dong culture before 1958 has been largely lost.
C. Singing is of vital importance to the Dong people.
D. They have a written language with a history of over 2,500 years.
26. How does Guanmei feel about the future of Grand songs?
A. Concerned. B. Sympathetic.
C. Optimistic. D. Satisfied.
27. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To call on young people to return to the Dong village.
B. To guide the Dong children to learn the Grand Song of Dong.
C. To show a woman’s efforts to keep the Dong culture alive.
D. To instruct people to appreciate the Grand Song of Dong.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一个女人为保持侗族文化的活力所做的努力。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带 ) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment.Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.””（侗族歌手使用声带的方式，与受过正规训练的歌手不同。这是一个民间合唱团，由多个部分组成，没有指挥，没有伴奏。从自然环境中有机生长，它被国际公认为“自然之声”）可知，侗族大歌是源自于从自然环境中所得到的灵感，所以被称为自然之声。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. ”（1958年侗族还没有文字系统之前，侗族文化、侗族历史和侗族故事都是通过歌曲来记录的。）可知，歌曲在侗族的文化中意义重大。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Decades later, the Dong children out of the village might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. It’s our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei .”（“几十年后，村里的侗族孩子可能对大歌一无所知。我们现在应该做点什么。这是我们的任务。一旦失去，就可能永远失去。”关梅补充道。）可推知，对于侗族大歌的未来，关梅是担忧的。选项A符合题意，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. ”（现年65岁的侗族妇女关梅是侗族非物质文化遗产侗族大歌的继承人。），第四段中 “Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas.”（关梅一生都在唱侗族大歌，使她成为了家乡和附近地区著名的歌唱教师。）和第五段“Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years.”（三十多年来，善良的关梅一直自愿教侗族儿童唱侗族大歌。）可知，本篇文章主要是介绍了为了侗族大歌能够得到传承，一位普通女人所做的努力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
C
The British love word-play and they’re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation (标点) of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people’s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct” use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss’s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent example of these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves” is a perfectly normal description of a panda’s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma (逗号) turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story: the panda eats (his dinner), he shoots (a gun), and he leaves (the building). It’s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.
Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies — it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book’s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.
In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss’s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.
28. The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows ________.
A. a funny feeling B. a trend in writing
C. a fact about animals D. a grammatical point
29. The book has been successful because ________.
A. it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way
B. it shows the British like to teach English to other people
C. it solves a serious English language problem
D. it presents the new research on English
30. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The English language was better in the past.
B. The English language is being improved by technology.
C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.
D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Problem Punctuation Created B. The Difference a Comma Made
C. Public Debate about Language Standards D. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们希望捍卫自己语言的“正确”使用，但也希望保留其随社会发展的能力。Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子，它对语言和标点符号提出了一些严肃的观点，并用故事和笑话来表达观点，这本书取得了巨大的成功。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence.(它的标题展示了标点符号在句子中改变意思的方式)”和“It’s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.(这是一个愚蠢的笑话，但它表明改变一个逗号这样简单的事情可以改变整个句子的意思)”可知，Eats, Shoots & Leaves这本书的标题是一个笑话，它揭示了一个语法点。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The book’s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. (这本书的成功秘诀在于：它对语言和标点符号提出了一些严肃的观点，但也有轻松愉快的一面，并用故事和笑话来表达观点)”可知，这本书很成功，因为它以一种有趣的方式引起了人们对正确使用语言的关注。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss. (它也招致了一些严厉的批评，尤其是来自美国的批评。在更广泛的范围内，Eats, Shoots & Leaves已经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管他们是否同意她的观点，标点和语法已经成为一个热门话题)”可推知，关于标点符号的使用一直存在争议。故选D。
31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Lynne Truss’s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent example of these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence.( Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子。它的标题显示了标点符号可以改变句子含义的方式)”和第二段中的“On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss. (在更广泛的范围内，Eats, Shoots & Leaves已经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管他们是否同意她的观点，标点和语法已经成为一个热门话题)”可知，Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves引发了关于语言标准的公开辩论。由此可知，Public Debate about Language Standards适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
D
Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using at the time?
Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.
In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?
Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.
An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.
There’s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.
32. What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. What contributes to one’s language improvements?
B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?
C. Does the language one uses influence one’s moral judgments?
D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?
33. When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to ______.
A. care less about the five people
B. pull the switch to the side tracks
C. remain hesitant about what to do
D. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge
34. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. consideration B. guidance
C. selection D. arrangement
35. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Bilingual people are less emotional than others.
B. Native language learning involves greater emotions.
C. Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.
D. Academic settings promote foreign language learning.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 footbridge分别对应。故选D。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。故选B。
【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出deliberation的含义，就是文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑，从而推测出deliberation为“深思熟虑”之意。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Experts say over half of the world’s 7,000 languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information contained within a language also disappears. ___36___
What would happen if you were the only person left who spoke your language? Who would you share stories with, sing songs to, or exchange jokes with? ___37___ This is the example scientists use to explain the situation of many people around the world whose local languages are disappearing.
Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. ___38___ This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. This is not a new process. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people. Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful ethnic (种族) group spreads across a kind of culture.
___39___
So, smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power becomes the stronger influence.
Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals. Many endangered languages are spoken by native cultures in close connection with the natural world.
___40___
The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control. The United Nations cultural organization — UNESCO, says that ninety percent of the world’s languages are not shown on the Internet.
A. Learn a language that will disappear now.
B. Or a local language might disappear more slowly.
C. That’s why endangered languages must be protected.
D. Protecting languages is very important for these reasons.
E. The more powerful culture almost never respects that of smaller groups.
F. Who would understand your names for local plants, animals and traditions?
G. Your interest in language may be changed with more languages disappearing.
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. B 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，为什么要保护濒危语言。
【36题详解】
由上一句“随着一种语言的最后一个使用者的死亡，一种语言中包含的有价值的信息也随之消失。”可知，承接上文，C选项“这就是濒危语言必须受到保护的原因。”切题；上下两句是因果关系，保护濒危语言是因为语言中承载着有价值的信息。故选C项。
【37题详解】
由上两句“如果你是唯一会说你的语言的人会发生什么？你会和谁分享故事，唱歌，或者和谁交流笑话？”和下一句“这是科学家用来解释世界各地许多当地语言正在消失的人的情况的例子。”可知，承接上下文，F选项“谁能理解你对当地植物、动物和传统的称呼？”切题；该空和前面的两个问句一样，是科学家用来解释许多当地语言正在消失的人的情况的例子。故选F项。
【38题详解】
由下一句“当官方语言使用得更频繁，孩子们停止学习父母的当地语言时，就会出现这种情况。”可知，如果官方语言使用频繁，孩子们又停止学习父母的当地语言时，就会出现当地语言慢慢消失的情况，承接下文，B选项“或者当地语言可能会慢慢消失。”切题。故选B项。
【39题详解】
由下一句“因此，较小的文化失去了他们的地方语言，因为更强大的文化的语言变得有更强大的影响力。”可知，更强大的文化不尊重较小群体的文化，所以较小的文化失去了他们的地方语言，承接下文，E选项“更强大的文化几乎从不尊重较小群体的文化。”切题；该选项中的The more powerful culture对应下文中的the culture in power。故选E项。
【40题详解】
由上一段内容“语言包含一种文化的历史、思想和知识。语言还包含有关当地药物、植物和动物的宝贵信息。许多濒危语言是由与自然世界密切相关的土著文化所述说的。”可知，语言包含重要的东西，因为这些原因，所以保护语言很重要，承接上文，D选项“出于这些原因，保护语言非常重要。”切题。故选D项。
第三部分(40分)
第一节 课文背诵检测(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
• Part I
41. Written Chinese has become an important ________ China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the ________ were written by Chinese in ancient times. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. means by which ②. classic works which
【解析】
【详解】考查名词及定语从句。句意：书面汉语已经成为连接中国现在和过去的重要手段。现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。根据课文内容及所给句子可知，第一空应用means by which，其中means是先行词，by which是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；第二空应用classic works which，其中classic works“经典著作”是先行词，which引导定语从句。故填①means by which；②classic works which。
• Part II
42. A committee ________ to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. Experts ________, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】 ①. was established to limit damage ②. investigated the issue
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，语态，不定式和主谓一致。句意：成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失。专家们调查了这个问题，进行了几次测试，然后就如何拯救这些建筑提出了建议。最后，签署了一份文件，这项工作于1960年开始。由“A committee”和“to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics”可知，第一句话表示“成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失”，空格处意为“被成立来限制破坏”，“成立”是establish，句子用被动语态，且由conducted可知，时态用一般过去时，主语A committee是单数，因此“被成立”是was established，“来限制破坏”用不定式表目的，“限制破坏”是limit damage，因此第一空填was established to limit damage。由“conducted several tests, and then made a proposal”可知，第二空所在句子表示“专家们调查了这个问题，进行了几次测试，然后就如何拯救这些建筑提出了建议”，空格处意为“调查了这个问题”，是investigate the issue，由conducted可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，因此第二空填investigated the issue。故填was established to limit damage，investigated the issue。
• Part III
43. They (the group) also hope to further educate people about the importance of ________ for future generations to understand and appreciate. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】safeguarding historic and cultural relics
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词，形容词和名词。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏。由“further educate people about the importance of”和课文内容可知，句子表示“他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏”，空格处意为“保护历史文化遗产”，“保护”是safeguard，在介词of后，用动名词作宾语，“历史文化遗产”是historic and cultural relics，因此空格处填safeguarding historic and cultural relics。故填safeguarding historic and cultural relics。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
根据音标拼写单词
44. [əˈfeə(r)] ________
45. [kəmˈpærɪs(ə)n] ________
46. [ˈkærəktə(r)] ________
47. [ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n] ________
48. [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] ________
49. [ˈkɒntrɑːst] ________
50. [rɪˈɡɑː(r)d] ________
51. [ˈentrəns] ________
52. [ˈstrʌɡl] ________
53. [maʊnt] ________
【答案】44. affair
45. comparison
46. character
47. contribution
48. major 49. contrast
50. regard 51. entrance
52. struggle
53. mount
【解析】
【44题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词affair“事务”。故填affair。
【45题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词comparison“比较”。故填comparison。
【46题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词character“角色”。故填character。
【47题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词contribution“贡献”。故填contribution。
【48题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词major“专业”。故填major。
【49题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词contrast“对比”。故填contrast。
【50题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词regard“关注”。故填regard。
【51题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词entrance“入口”。故填entrance。
【52题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词struggle“难事”。故填struggle。
【53题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词mount“山”。故填mount。
第三节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据句意、中文提示和单词首字母，写出单词的正确形式，并将完整的单词答案书写在答题纸的相应位置上。
54 Make sure the rope is firmly attached before a________(试图) to climb down the hill. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】attempting##ttempting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在尝试爬下山之前，请确保绳索已牢固连接。分析句子可知，此处应为动名词作介词before的宾语，结合首字母和汉语提示，此处为attempt，符合句意，且在介词之后。故填attempting。
55. The article is about the different v________(不同种类) of Spanish spoken in South America. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】varieties##arieties
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这篇文章是关于南美说的西班牙语的不同种类。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词variety，可数名词，由空前different可知，应用名词复数形式。故填varieties。
56. He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his d_________（要求高的）job. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】demanding
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他努力重返工作岗位，却发现他再也不能应对这份儿要求很高的工作。分析句子，及空后名词job可知，该空需填名词。根据所给汉语提示及首字母d，形容词demanding符合。故填demanding。
57. They p________(晋升) her from Regional Manager to General Manager after a year in the position. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】promoted##romoted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一年后，他们把她从地区经理提升为总经理。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词promote，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填promoted。
58. After years of research, scientists have finally i________(找到) the virus that is responsible for the disease. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】identifed##dentified
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：经过多年的研究，科学家们终于确定了导致这种疾病的病毒。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词identify，由空前have finally可知，应用过去分词，构成现在完成时。故填identifed。
第四节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
用方框中词组的正确形式完成句子，每个词组只使用一次。(方框中有两个选项为多余选项)
donate to, lead to, refer to, relate to, turn to, date back to, give way to
59. This vase is a great antique. It ________ the Tang Dynasty.
60. For assistance, they ________ one of the city’s most innovative museums.
61. According to his friends, he was not a man who ________ this kind of pressure.
62. The red line on the graph ________ the birth rate and the blue line to the death rate.
63. Between 1990 and 1992, there were more than 1,000 mergers (合并) in that industry, all of which ________ job losses.
【答案】59. dates back to
60. turned to
61. gave way to
62. refers to
63. led to
【解析】
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个花瓶是一件很棒的古董。它可以追溯到唐朝。根据“This vase is a great antique.”及空后“the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处表示“追溯到”，应用动词短语date back to，句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。故填dates back to。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：为了获得帮助，他们求助于该市最具创新性的博物馆之一。根据空前可知，此处表示“求助于”，应用动词短语turn to，句子陈述的动作已完成，应用一般过去时。故填turned to。
【61题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：据他的朋友说，他不是一个屈服于这种压力的人。根据空后“this kind of pressure”可知，此处表示“屈服于压力”，应用动词短语give way to，由“he was not a man”可知，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填gave way to。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：图表上的红线指的是出生率，蓝线指死亡率。根据空前“The red line on the graph”及空后“the birth rate”可知，此处使用动词短语refer to“指的是”，句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填refers to。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在1990年至1992年间，该行业有1000多起合并，所有这些都导致了失业。根据句意及常识可知，行业合并会导致失业，应用动词短语lead to，由“Between 1990 and 1992”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填led to。
第五节 书面表达(满分15分)
64. 假设你是高一学生李华，你班交换生Jim需要参加一个学校社团，他对非物质文化遗产社团（ICH Club）非常感兴趣，写信寻求你的建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 社团活动介绍
2. 推荐理由
注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m more than delighted to know that you want to join one club of our school and are interested in the ICH Club, which has a variety of activities, such as performing arts, making crafts, learning about traditional customs and so on. I also recommend this club to you for the following reasons.
First, considering your interest in Chinese culture, I think joining the ICH Club can be a good way for you to learn more about Chinese culture. Besides, there are various activities held by the club, which can enrich your school life. And this can also make you better adapt to the new environment.
Hope my suggestions can be helpful. Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给对非物质文化遗产社团非常感兴趣的交换生Jim给他回信，内容包括：社团活动介绍；推荐的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy/glad
各种各样的：a variety of→all kinds of
考虑到：considering→in consideration of
此外：Besides→In addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And this can also make you better adapt to the new environment.
拓展句：And this can also make you better adapt to the environment which is unfamiliar to you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m more than delighted to know that you want to join one club of our school and are interested in the ICH Club, which has a variety of activities, such as performing arts, making crafts, learning about traditional customs and so on. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句以及动名词短语作宾语)
[高分句型2] Besides, there are various activities held by the club, which can enrich your school life. (运用了过去分词作定语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
北京二中2022—2023学年度第三学段高一年级学段考试试卷
英语
第一部分：知识运用(20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Two-year-old Nancy is deaf. However, that hasn’t stopped her from being a(n) ____1____ little girl trying to “chat” to anyone she meets. As soon as she goes out into town with her parents, she starts ____2____ in the hope that the person she is talking to knows sign language too.
Normally, hearing loss is a social ____3____ for those who don’t know how to use sign language. Anyone Nancy tried to talk to ____4____ this and felt so sorry they couldn’t respond. They wished they could ____5____ her and say something back, but they found themselves completely at a loss.
Then, something amazing happened. Instead of causing a/an ____6____, this barrier brought the community together. Determined to learn sign language so that they could talk to Nancy, her neighbors hired an instructor on their own, and now they are ____7____ to taking classes together. The teacher admits that this is really remarkable because, quite often, even the parents of deaf children don’t want to learn the language. But here Nancy has a full community that is signing and communicating with her, and it is a/an ____8____ story.
The teacher also says that this level of inclusion will make a huge difference in Nancy’s life. It almost certainly ensures that she will be a happier and more ____9____ individual in the future. Nancy’s parents are already noticing a _____10_____ in their daughter and they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors.
With a little girl and a lot of love, the neighbors truly make the neighborhood a community.
1. A. independent B. persistent C. outgoing D. generous
2. A. signing B. cheering C. waving D. smiling
3. A. absence B. barrier C. stress D. interaction
4. A. discussed B. ignored C. realized D. predicted
5. A. inspire B. protect C. trust D. understand
6. A. conflict B. separation C. complaint D. incident
7. A. devoted B. opposed C. used D. addicted
8. A. appealing B. fascinating C. rewarding D. moving
9. A. well-adjusted B. healthy C. normal D. grateful
10. A. potential B. belief C. strength D. difference
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了南希从小失聪，但是这并没有阻止她成为一个想要与人沟通的外向的孩子。她尝试用手语和周围的人交流，但是大家都听不懂。于是社区里的邻居们请了一位老师来教他们手语，手语老师也赞同这是一个很了不起的举动。因为有爱，这些邻居们真正地将这个社区变成了一个大家庭。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并没有阻止她成为一个外向的小女孩，试图与她遇到的任何人“聊天”。A. independent独立的；B. persistent持久性的；C. outgoing外向的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“trying to “chat” to anyone she meets”可知，南希是一个外向的小女孩。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要她和父母一起进城，她就会开始用手语，希望和她交谈的人也懂手语。A. signing打手势；B. cheering欢呼；C. waving挥舞；D. smiling微笑。根据下文“that the person she is talking to knows sign language too”可知，她开始用手语与人交流。sign意为“打手势”符合题意。故选A。
3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，对于那些不知道如何使用手语的人来说，听力损失是一种社交障碍。A. absence缺席；B. barrier障碍；C. stress压力；D. interaction互动。根据下文“this barrier brought the community together.”及常识可知，听力损失是一种社交障碍。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点，并为自己无法回应而感到遗憾。A. discussed讨论；B. ignored忽略；C. realized意识到；D. predicted预测。根据下文“felt so sorry”可知，任何一个南希试图与之交谈的人都意识到了这一点。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们希望自己能理解她的意思，并对她说些什么，但他们发现自己完全不知所措。A. inspire激励；B. protect保护；C. trust信任；D. understand理解。根据下文“say something back”可知，他们希望他们能够明白南希手语的意思。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个障碍非但没有造成隔阂，反而把社区团结在了一起。A. conflict冲突；B. separation分离；C. complaint投诉；D. incident事故。根据语境可知，此处表示这道屏障并没有造成隔离，反而把社区团结在了一起。设空处与下文的“brought the community together”形成对比。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了能和南希交流，她的邻居们决定学习手语，他们自己请了一名手语教练，现在他们专心致志地一起上课。A. devoted专心的；B. opposed反对的；C. used习惯的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据上文“hired an instructor on their own”及空后“taking classes together”可知，南希的邻居们专心上课学手语。故选A。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在这里，南希有一个完整的社区，与她交流，这是一个感人的故事。A. appealing吸引人的；B. fascinating迷人的；C. rewarding值得的；D. moving感人的。根据上文“Determined to learn sign language so that they could talk to Nancy, her neighbors hired an instructor on their own”可知，南希社区里的居民为了和她交流而学习手语，这是一个感人的故事。故选D。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这几乎可以肯定，她将来会成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。A. well-adjusted很好适应的；B. healthy健康的；C. normal正常的；D. grateful感激的。根据空前“It almost certainly guarantees that she will be a happier”以及上文的描述可知，此处表示邻居们的暖心之举一定会让她将来成为一个更快乐、更能适应环境的人。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希的父母已经注意到女儿的变化，他们无法用语言表达对邻居们的感激之情。A. potential潜力；B. belief信仰；C. strength强度；D. difference不同之处。根据下文“they have no words to express how grateful they are to their neighbors.”可知，此处表示南希的父母已经注意到他们女儿的变化（不同之处）了。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In ancient China lived an artist ____11____ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ____12____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would ____13____ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
【答案】11. whose
12. finest 13. be chosen
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位中国画家给皇帝的首席大臣展示画作时，大臣告诉他去漓江旅行，也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在中国古代有一位画家，他的画非常逼真。分析可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，先行词artist和paintings之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
【12题详解】
考查最高级。句意：有一天，皇帝想要画好自己的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的作品，这样他就可以从中挑选最好的。由“he could choose the best”可知，句子表示“皇帝想要画好自己的肖像，就把所有伟大的艺术家都叫来，展示他们最好的作品”，空格处意为“最好的”，用最高级finest。故填finest。
【13题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：艺术家确信他会被选中，但当他把这幅杰作展示给皇帝的首席大臣时，老人笑了。艺术家是被选中，句子用被动语态，would是情态动词，因此空格处是be done，因此空格处是be chosen。故填be chosen。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ____14____ (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ____15____ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ____16____ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
【答案】14. being
15. which 16. finally
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的女性被授予“年度最佳女性”，因为她是英国最年长的全职员工，每周仍工作40小时。此处位于介词for之后，应用动名词，作宾语。故填being。
【15题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现在，艾琳·阿斯特伯里每天早上9点到下午5点在麦克尔斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，这家宠物店是她和已故丈夫莱斯一起开的。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是the pet shop，指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：在一位顾客提名她为柴郡年度女性后，她多年的辛勤工作终于得到了认可。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词，作状语。故填finally。
C
阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___17___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___18___ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ___19___(form) the core collection of the British Museum ___20___ opened in 1759.
【答案】17. wealthy
18. or 19. formed
20. which/that
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。许多人有收集东西的爱好，例如邮票、明信片或古董。在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。例如，Hans Sloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于1759年开放。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。修饰后文名词people应用形容词wealthy，作定语。故填wealthy。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到藏品数量变得太庞大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。结合上下文语境可知此处为选择关系，表示“或者”应用连词or。故填or。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：例如，Hans Sloane爵士的8万件藏品构成了大英博物馆的核心藏品，该博物馆于1759年开放。form在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填formed。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为定语从句修饰先行词British Museum，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
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Fees: $ 3400
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
21. Which course can you take if you are free in Oct. 2021?
A The Path to Happiness B. Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
C. Biotechnology and the Human Good D. Superheroes and Power
22. What does Biotechnology and the Human Good deal with?
A. Powers of superheroes. B. More uses of biotech.
C. Ways to increase happiness. D. Clinical practices of biotech.
23. What do the four courses have in common?
A. They are of the same level. B. They are free of charge.
C. They belong to the same subject. D. They are instructor-led.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Path to Happiness部分“Duration: June 16, 2021—June 14, 2022(时间：2021年6月16日至2022年6月14日)”可知，如果2021年10月你有空，你可以上The Path to Happiness课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Biotechnology and the Human Good部分“Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become perfect.(生物技术为治愈病人和减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和充满希望的前景。在这门课程中，我们会考虑常见治疗之外可能的功能，比如让人看起来更年轻、表现更好、变得完美。)”可知，Biotechnology and the Human Good研究的是生物技术的更多用途。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Online courses offer people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about humanities.(网络课程为人们提供了丰富的学习机会。试试哈佛的一些关于人文学科的在线课程。)”以及结合四个课程的介绍可知，这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科——人文学科。故选C。
B
Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. Her hometown Zaidai Village in Guizhou, southwestern China, is home to the Grand Song of the Dong ethnic group.
The Grand Song of Dong dates from more than 2,500 years ago. The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment. Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.”
Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. As a Dong saying goes, “Rice feeds the body and songs enrich the soul”. The Dong people sing right from their childhood. While not singing, they all work in their rice field.
Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas. “The songs are our means of passing on wisdom, knowledge and life experiences to others. I will not exist in this world 100 years later, but Grand songs will. I’m honored to do this job, ” Guanmei said.
Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years. Now she has more than 300 students. Guanmei is pleased to see the village children come to her house willingly when they have free time.
“Nowadays, more and more young people leave the village and settle in cities. Decades later, the Dong children out of the village might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. It’s our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei.
24. What makes the Grand Song of Dong known as “the sound of Nature”?
A. The outstanding conductor.
B. The special musical instrument.
C. The attractive natural environment.
D. The inspiration from nature.
25. What can we know about the Dong ethnic culture?
A. The Dong singers are professionals.
B. The Dong culture before 1958 has been largely lost.
C. Singing is of vital importance to the Dong people.
D. They have a written language with a history of over 2,500 years.
26. How does Guanmei feel about the future of Grand songs?
A. Concerned. B. Sympathetic.
C. Optimistic. D. Satisfied.
27. What’s the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To call on young people to return to the Dong village.
B. To guide the Dong children to learn the Grand Song of Dong.
C. To show a woman’s efforts to keep the Dong culture alive.
D. To instruct people to appreciate the Grand Song of Dong.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章展示了一个女人为保持侗族文化的活力所做的努力。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The way Dong singers use their vocal cords (声带 ) is different from how formally trained singers do. It is a folk chorus with multi-parts, no conductor, and no accompaniment.Organically growing from their natural surroundings, it is recognized internationally as “the sound of Nature.””（侗族歌手使用声带的方式，与受过正规训练的歌手不同。这是一个民间合唱团，由多个部分组成，没有指挥，没有伴奏。从自然环境中有机生长，它被国际公认为“自然之声”）可知，侗族大歌是源自于从自然环境中所得到的灵感，所以被称为自然之声。选项D与文意相符，故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Before the Dong people had a writing system in 1958, the Dong culture, their history and stories were all recorded by means of songs. ”（1958年侗族还没有文字系统之前，侗族文化、侗族历史和侗族故事都是通过歌曲来记录的。）可知，歌曲在侗族的文化中意义重大。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Decades later, the Dong children out of the village might know nothing about Grand songs. We should do something just now. It’s our mission. What is once lost might be lost forever,” added Guanmei .”（“几十年后，村里的侗族孩子可能对大歌一无所知。我们现在应该做点什么。这是我们的任务。一旦失去，就可能永远失去。”关梅补充道。）可推知，对于侗族大歌的未来，关梅是担忧的。选项A符合题意，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Guanmei, a 65-year-old woman of the Dong ethnic group, is the inheritor of the Grand Song of Dong (侗族大歌), a national intangible cultural heritage in China. ”（现年65岁的侗族妇女关梅是侗族非物质文化遗产侗族大歌的继承人。），第四段中 “Guanmei has been singing the Grand Song of Dong all her life, making her a famous singing teacher in her hometown and nearby areas.”（关梅一生都在唱侗族大歌，使她成为了家乡和附近地区著名的歌唱教师。）和第五段“Kind-hearted, Guanmei has been volunteering to teach the Grand Song of Dong to the Dong children for over 30 years.”（三十多年来，善良的关梅一直自愿教侗族儿童唱侗族大歌。）可知，本篇文章主要是介绍了为了侗族大歌能够得到传承，一位普通女人所做的努力。选项C与文意相符，故选C。
C
The British love word-play and they’re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation (标点) of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people’s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct” use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss’s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent example of these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves” is a perfectly normal description of a panda’s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma (逗号) turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story: the panda eats (his dinner), he shoots (a gun), and he leaves (the building). It’s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.
Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies — it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book’s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.
In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss’s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.
28. The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows ________.
A. a funny feeling B. a trend in writing
C. a fact about animals D. a grammatical point
29. The book has been successful because ________.
A. it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way
B. it shows the British like to teach English to other people
C. it solves a serious English language problem
D. it presents the new research on English
30. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The English language was better in the past.
B. The English language is being improved by technology.
C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.
D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.
31. What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Problem Punctuation Created B. The Difference a Comma Made
C. Public Debate about Language Standards D. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们希望捍卫自己语言的“正确”使用，但也希望保留其随社会发展的能力。Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子，它对语言和标点符号提出了一些严肃的观点，并用故事和笑话来表达观点，这本书取得了巨大的成功。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence.(它的标题展示了标点符号在句子中改变意思的方式)”和“It’s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.(这是一个愚蠢的笑话，但它表明改变一个逗号这样简单的事情可以改变整个句子的意思)”可知，Eats, Shoots & Leaves这本书的标题是一个笑话，它揭示了一个语法点。故选D。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The book’s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. (这本书的成功秘诀在于：它对语言和标点符号提出了一些严肃的观点，但也有轻松愉快的一面，并用故事和笑话来表达观点)”可知，这本书很成功，因为它以一种有趣的方式引起了人们对正确使用语言的关注。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss. (它也招致了一些严厉的批评，尤其是来自美国的批评。在更广泛的范围内，Eats, Shoots & Leaves已经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管他们是否同意她的观点，标点和语法已经成为一个热门话题)”可推知，关于标点符号的使用一直存在争议。故选D。
31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Lynne Truss’s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent example of these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change meaning in a sentence.( Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves就是这两个相反观点的极好例子。它的标题显示了标点符号可以改变句子含义的方式)”和第二段中的“On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss’s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss. (在更广泛的范围内，Eats, Shoots & Leaves已经引发了很多关于特拉斯想法的公众辩论。不管他们是否同意她的观点，标点和语法已经成为一个热门话题)”可知，Lynne Truss的书Eats, Shoots & Leaves引发了关于语言标准的公开辩论。由此可知，Public Debate about Language Standards适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
D
Like many other people who speak more than one language, I often have the sense that I’m a slightly different person in each of my languages—more confident in English, more relaxed in French, more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral compass (指南针) also points in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using at the time?
Psychologists who study moral judgments have become very interested in this question. The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.
In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”: imagine that a runaway trolley is moving quickly toward a group of five people standing on the tracks, unable to move. You are next to a switch that can move the trolley to a different set of tracks, therefore sparing the five people, but resulting in the death of one who is standing on the side tracks. Do you pull the switch?
Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
Why does it matter whether we judge morality in our native language or a foreign one? According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,” and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our non-native language signals our cognitive (认知的) system to prepare for difficult activity.
An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. As a result, moral judgments made in a foreign language are less filled with the emotional reactions that surface when we use a language learned in childhood.
There’s strong evidence that memory connects a language with the experiences and interactions through which that language was learned. For example, people who are bilingual (双语的) are more likely to recall an experience if reminded in the language in which that event occurred. Our childhood languages, learned in the middle of passionate emotion, become filled with deep feeling. By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers.
32. What does “this question” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. What contributes to one’s language improvements?
B. Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?
C. Does the language one uses influence one’s moral judgments?
D. How do people deal with moral dilemmas in a foreign language?
33. When the “trolley problem” was presented in a foreign language, volunteers were more likely to ______.
A. care less about the five people
B. pull the switch to the side tracks
C. remain hesitant about what to do
D. sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge
34. The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. consideration B. guidance
C. selection D. arrangement
35. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Bilingual people are less emotional than others.
B. Native language learning involves greater emotions.
C. Childhood memories limit foreign language learning.
D. Academic settings promote foreign language learning.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考和用母语思考时的反应确实不同。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段The findings of several recent studies suggest that when people are faced with moral dilemmas (困境), they do indeed respond differently when considering them in a foreign language than when using their native tongue.可知，最近的一些研究的结果表明，当人们面对道德困境时，他们用外语思考的反应和他们的母语思考的反应确实是不同的。所以此问题指的是一个人使用的语言会影响他的道德判断吗？故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.可知，志愿者们用已经学会的外语来表达这种两难境地时，极大地增加了他们将牺牲者推下人行桥的意愿。分别与D选择项中的sacrifice和 footbridge分别对应。故选D。
【34题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段An alternative explanation is that differences arise between native and foreign tongues because our childhood languages are filled with greater emotions than are those learned in more academic settings. 母语和外语之间的差异是因为我们的童年语言比在学术环境中学习的语言更充满感情，和最后一段By comparison, languages acquired late in life, especially if they are learned through limited interactions in the classroom or dully delivered over computer screens and headphones, enter our minds lacking the emotionality that is present for their native speakers. 后天习得的语言，缺乏母语者所具有的情感。所以说，母语学习包含更多的情感。故选B。
【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题3要求猜测出deliberation的含义，就是文章第五段According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and competing ways of thinking—one of these, a quick, natural “feeling,”这样的判断涉及两种独立的、相互竞争的思维方式——一种是快速、自然的“感觉”，所以猜测出，另外一种是对大多数人最大利益的深思熟虑，从而推测出deliberation为“深思熟虑”之意。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Experts say over half of the world’s 7,000 languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information contained within a language also disappears. ___36___
What would happen if you were the only person left who spoke your language? Who would you share stories with, sing songs to, or exchange jokes with? ___37___ This is the example scientists use to explain the situation of many people around the world whose local languages are disappearing.
Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. ___38___ This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. This is not a new process. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people. Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful ethnic (种族) group spreads across a kind of culture.
___39___
So, smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power becomes the stronger influence.
Languages contain the histories, ideas and knowledge of a culture. Languages also contain valuable information about local medicines, plants and animals. Many endangered languages are spoken by native cultures in close connection with the natural world.
___40___
The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control. The United Nations cultural organization — UNESCO, says that ninety percent of the world’s languages are not shown on the Internet.
A. Learn a language that will disappear now.
B. Or a local language might disappear more slowly.
C. That’s why endangered languages must be protected.
D. Protecting languages is very important for these reasons.
E. The more powerful culture almost never respects that of smaller groups.
F. Who would understand your names for local plants, animals and traditions?
G. Your interest in language may be changed with more languages disappearing.
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. B 39. E 40. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，为什么要保护濒危语言。
【36题详解】
由上一句“随着一种语言的最后一个使用者的死亡，一种语言中包含的有价值的信息也随之消失。”可知，承接上文，C选项“这就是濒危语言必须受到保护的原因。”切题；上下两句是因果关系，保护濒危语言是因为语言中承载着有价值的信息。故选C项。
【37题详解】
由上两句“如果你是唯一会说你的语言的人会发生什么？你会和谁分享故事，唱歌，或者和谁交流笑话？”和下一句“这是科学家用来解释世界各地许多当地语言正在消失的人的情况的例子。”可知，承接上下文，F选项“谁能理解你对当地植物、动物和传统的称呼？”切题；该空和前面的两个问句一样，是科学家用来解释许多当地语言正在消失的人的情况的例子。故选F项。
【38题详解】
由下一句“当官方语言使用得更频繁，孩子们停止学习父母的当地语言时，就会出现这种情况。”可知，如果官方语言使用频繁，孩子们又停止学习父母的当地语言时，就会出现当地语言慢慢消失的情况，承接下文，B选项“或者当地语言可能会慢慢消失。”切题。故选B项。
【39题详解】
由下一句“因此，较小的文化失去了他们的地方语言，因为更强大的文化的语言变得有更强大的影响力。”可知，更强大的文化不尊重较小群体的文化，所以较小的文化失去了他们的地方语言，承接下文，E选项“更强大的文化几乎从不尊重较小群体的文化。”切题；该选项中的The more powerful culture对应下文中的the culture in power。故选E项。
【40题详解】
由上一段内容“语言包含一种文化的历史、思想和知识。语言还包含有关当地药物、植物和动物的宝贵信息。许多濒危语言是由与自然世界密切相关的土著文化所述说的。”可知，语言包含重要的东西，因为这些原因，所以保护语言很重要，承接上文，D选项“出于这些原因，保护语言非常重要。”切题。故选D项。
第三部分(40分)
第一节 课文背诵检测(共5小题;每小题1分，共5分)
• Part I
41. Written Chinese has become an important ________ China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the ________ were written by Chinese in ancient times. （根据课文内容填空）
【答案】 ①. means by which ②. classic works which
【解析】
【详解】考查名词及定语从句。句意：书面汉语已经成为连接中国现在和过去的重要手段。现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典著作。根据课文内容及所给句子可知，第一空应用means by which，其中means是先行词，by which是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；第二空应用classic works which，其中classic works“经典著作”是先行词，which引导定语从句。故填①means by which；②classic works which。
• Part II
42. A committee ________ to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics. Experts ________, conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved. Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】 ①. was established to limit damage ②. investigated the issue
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，语态，不定式和主谓一致。句意：成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失。专家们调查了这个问题，进行了几次测试，然后就如何拯救这些建筑提出了建议。最后，签署了一份文件，这项工作于1960年开始。由“A committee”和“to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics”可知，第一句话表示“成立了一个委员会，以限制对埃及建筑的破坏，防止文物的损失”，空格处意为“被成立来限制破坏”，“成立”是establish，句子用被动语态，且由conducted可知，时态用一般过去时，主语A committee是单数，因此“被成立”是was established，“来限制破坏”用不定式表目的，“限制破坏”是limit damage，因此第一空填was established to limit damage。由“conducted several tests, and then made a proposal”可知，第二空所在句子表示“专家们调查了这个问题，进行了几次测试，然后就如何拯救这些建筑提出了建议”，空格处意为“调查了这个问题”，是investigate the issue，由conducted可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，因此第二空填investigated the issue。故填was established to limit damage，investigated the issue。
• Part III
43. They (the group) also hope to further educate people about the importance of ________ for future generations to understand and appreciate. (根据课文内容填空)
【答案】safeguarding historic and cultural relics
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词，形容词和名词。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏。由“further educate people about the importance of”和课文内容可知，句子表示“他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏”，空格处意为“保护历史文化遗产”，“保护”是safeguard，在介词of后，用动名词作宾语，“历史文化遗产”是historic and cultural relics，因此空格处填safeguarding historic and cultural relics。故填safeguarding historic and cultural relics。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
根据音标拼写单词
44. [əˈfeə(r)] ________
45. [kəmˈpærɪs(ə)n] ________
46. [ˈkærəktə(r)] ________
47. [ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n] ________
48. [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] ________
49. [ˈkɒntrɑːst] ________
50. [rɪˈɡɑː(r)d] ________
51. [ˈentrəns] ________
52. [ˈstrʌɡl] ________
53. [maʊnt] ________
【答案】44. affair
45. comparison
46. character
47. contribution
48. major 49. contrast
50. regard 51. entrance
52. struggle
53. mount
【解析】
【44题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词affair“事务”。故填affair。
【45题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词comparison“比较”。故填comparison。
【46题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词character“角色”。故填character。
【47题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词contribution“贡献”。故填contribution。
【48题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词major“专业”。故填major。
【49题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词contrast“对比”。故填contrast。
【50题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词regard“关注”。故填regard。
【51题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词entrance“入口”。故填entrance。
【52题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词struggle“难事”。故填struggle。
【53题详解】
根据音标可知，此处是名词mount“山”。故填mount。
第三节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据句意、中文提示和单词首字母，写出单词的正确形式，并将完整的单词答案书写在答题纸的相应位置上。
54 Make sure the rope is firmly attached before a________(试图) to climb down the hill. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】attempting##ttempting
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：在尝试爬下山之前，请确保绳索已牢固连接。分析句子可知，此处应为动名词作介词before的宾语，结合首字母和汉语提示，此处为attempt，符合句意，且在介词之后。故填attempting。
55. The article is about the different v________(不同种类) of Spanish spoken in South America. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】varieties##arieties
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这篇文章是关于南美说的西班牙语的不同种类。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词variety，可数名词，由空前different可知，应用名词复数形式。故填varieties。
56. He tried to return to work, but found he could no longer cope with his d_________（要求高的）job. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】demanding
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他努力重返工作岗位，却发现他再也不能应对这份儿要求很高的工作。分析句子，及空后名词job可知，该空需填名词。根据所给汉语提示及首字母d，形容词demanding符合。故填demanding。
57. They p________(晋升) her from Regional Manager to General Manager after a year in the position. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】promoted##romoted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：一年后，他们把她从地区经理提升为总经理。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词promote，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填promoted。
58. After years of research, scientists have finally i________(找到) the virus that is responsible for the disease. （根据中英文提示填空）
【答案】identifed##dentified
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：经过多年的研究，科学家们终于确定了导致这种疾病的病毒。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词identify，由空前have finally可知，应用过去分词，构成现在完成时。故填identifed。
第四节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
用方框中词组的正确形式完成句子，每个词组只使用一次。(方框中有两个选项为多余选项)
donate to, lead to, refer to, relate to, turn to, date back to, give way to
59. This vase is a great antique. It ________ the Tang Dynasty.
60. For assistance, they ________ one of the city’s most innovative museums.
61. According to his friends, he was not a man who ________ this kind of pressure.
62. The red line on the graph ________ the birth rate and the blue line to the death rate.
63. Between 1990 and 1992, there were more than 1,000 mergers (合并) in that industry, all of which ________ job losses.
【答案】59. dates back to
60. turned to
61. gave way to
62. refers to
63. led to
【解析】
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个花瓶是一件很棒的古董。它可以追溯到唐朝。根据“This vase is a great antique.”及空后“the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处表示“追溯到”，应用动词短语date back to，句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时。故填dates back to。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：为了获得帮助，他们求助于该市最具创新性的博物馆之一。根据空前可知，此处表示“求助于”，应用动词短语turn to，句子陈述的动作已完成，应用一般过去时。故填turned to。
【61题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：据他的朋友说，他不是一个屈服于这种压力的人。根据空后“this kind of pressure”可知，此处表示“屈服于压力”，应用动词短语give way to，由“he was not a man”可知，句子陈述过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填gave way to。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：图表上的红线指的是出生率，蓝线指死亡率。根据空前“The red line on the graph”及空后“the birth rate”可知，此处使用动词短语refer to“指的是”，句子陈述目前的事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填refers to。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在1990年至1992年间，该行业有1000多起合并，所有这些都导致了失业。根据句意及常识可知，行业合并会导致失业，应用动词短语lead to，由“Between 1990 and 1992”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填led to。
第五节 书面表达(满分15分)
64. 假设你是高一学生李华，你班交换生Jim需要参加一个学校社团，他对非物质文化遗产社团（ICH Club）非常感兴趣，写信寻求你的建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 社团活动介绍
2. 推荐理由
注意：1.词数100词左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m more than delighted to know that you want to join one club of our school and are interested in the ICH Club, which has a variety of activities, such as performing arts, making crafts, learning about traditional customs and so on. I also recommend this club to you for the following reasons.
First, considering your interest in Chinese culture, I think joining the ICH Club can be a good way for you to learn more about Chinese culture. Besides, there are various activities held by the club, which can enrich your school life. And this can also make you better adapt to the new environment.
Hope my suggestions can be helpful. Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给对非物质文化遗产社团非常感兴趣的交换生Jim给他回信，内容包括：社团活动介绍；推荐的理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy/glad
各种各样的：a variety of→all kinds of
考虑到：considering→in consideration of
此外：Besides→In addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：And this can also make you better adapt to the new environment.
拓展句：And this can also make you better adapt to the environment which is unfamiliar to you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m more than delighted to know that you want to join one club of our school and are interested in the ICH Club, which has a variety of activities, such as performing arts, making crafts, learning about traditional customs and so on. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句以及动名词短语作宾语)
[高分句型2] Besides, there are various activities held by the club, which can enrich your school life. (运用了过去分词作定语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
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