2022-2023学年江苏省无锡市江阴市高一上学期期末英语试卷 （解析版）

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2022-2023学年江苏省无锡市江阴市高一（上）期末英语试卷
题号
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注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
If you love talking about past and future vacations almost as much as you love actually going on them，this card game Destination Anywhere from TableTopics is for you.
There aren't any rules — it's just you，your friends，and 135 cards printed with conversation starters that all relate to travel.The questions are open-ended enough to invite general answers，but they'll also probably prompt （提示） you to share your most funny stories from previous short trips. "What do you always forget when you're packing for a trip？" may，for example，remind you of the time when you forgot to bring your tent on a week-long hike along the Appalachian Trail.And "Do you prefer making tours or seeing sites on your own？" is practically begging your sister to talk about the time she got lost on a self-guided tour through the Tuscan countryside and was rescued by a kindly old sheep herder.The game is recommended to ages 12 and up，and you can get it on Amazon for ﹩25.
And if the Destination Anywhere edition （版本） doesn't dominate your thoughts，there are plenty of other TableTopics editions that you might want to bring to your next family dinner.The "Geek Pop!" edition （﹩22）could encourage a lively debate about which of Doctor Who's Doctors has the most memorable catchphrase （名言）. "Not Your Mom's Dinner Party" （﹩25）will keep your guests entertained with questions like "Have you ever been escorted （护送） out by security？" and it is strictly for adults.
The "Family" edition （﹩25）is a great way to get silent kids to come out of their shells a little. "Would you rather know how to fly a plane，drive a race car，or rock climb？" pretty much guarantees an answer that isn't "Yes，" "No，" or "Good."
You can browse all the TableTopics card sets on Amazon.
1. What do we know about the game Destination Anywhere？ ______
A. It has some simple rules.
B. It is not suitable for adults to play.
C. It gets people to talk about their trips.
D. It is the cheapest of all the TableTopics card games.
2. Which of the following can help encourage a 10-year-old kid to talk？ ______
A. The "Family" edition.
B. The "Geek Pop!" edition.
C. The "Destination Anywhere" edition.
D. The "Not Your Mom's Dinner Party" edition.
3. What's the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To advise people to talk with others.
B. To encourage people to go on vacation.
C. To recommend the TableTopics card sets.
D. To show how to play the TableTopics card games.
B
Claire Wyatt，a 24-year-old British volunteer，led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh，the nation's capital，to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need amid the coronavirus pandemic （新冠病毒大流行）.
"Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me，" said Claire. "Not only was I inspired by the determination of each and every rider，but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability."
When she was first asked to lead the excursion，Claire admitted，she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days，because cycling with a disability can come with added physical and emotional （情感的） challenges.
One team member named Dy，who lost an arm in a landmine （地雷） accident，biked using just one arm to balance.Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to paralysis from polio （脊髓灰质炎） .Despite all the difficulties，Claire realized quickly that she didn't have to worry about her team.She saw them deal with rough terrain （地形） that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.
The volunteers covered the distance in just four days，not only helping so many people across the country，but also overcoming huge barriers （障碍） to get there.
"The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this.They are so passionate about Cambodia and raising money for others in need，" said Claire. "The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap."
Claire recalled her favorite moment of the experience，when one of the cyclists pushed an exhausted teammate up a hill for 2 miles.
"One moment that stood out for me was when Naret，our only female rider，was feeling tired，" she said. "Her fellow rider gently put his hand on her back and pushed her for 2 miles!They were encouraging each other to push through the tiredness."
4. Why did Claire and eight Cambodians cycle 155 miles？ ______
A. To challenge themselves. B. To help out needy people.
C. To take part in a competition. D. To raise money for the disabled.
5. What worried Claire before the ride？ ______
A. She might be injured on the road.
B. She would be unable to lead the team.
C. Her team might be looked down on.
D. Her team couldn't finish the course.
6. Which of the following can best describe the team？ ______
A. Confident，passionate and friendly.
B. Honest，patient and open-minded.
C. Strong-minded，brave and caring.
D. Curious，creative and inspiring.
7. What did Claire think of the journey？ ______
A. It could have taken less time.
B. It was amazing and inspiring.
C. It changed her idea about human nature.
D. It was more difficult than she had expected.
C
Despite not being documented by researchers since 1968，the sengi（象鼩），a tiny bigeyed mouse with a long tail and a trunklike nose that's native to Somalia in Africa，was rediscovered living in wellpreserved habitat in neighboring Djibouti last year，and in quite healthy numbers.
An exploration beginning in 2019 looked to use local knowledge about the sengi from the people of Djibouti who said it was still there.Sure enough，it took only one trap filled with coconut，peanut butter and yeast to find the little guy.
"It was surprising，" said Steven Heritage，a research scientist at Duke University in the US. "When we opened the first trap and saw the little tuft of hair on the tip of its tail，we just looked at one another and couldn't believe it.A number of small mammal（哺乳动物） surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti—it was indeed a discovery."
One of the least understood members of the 20 species Elephantulus（象鼩属），the sengi lives in habitats that are unsuitable for most human activities，allowing it to remain relatively undisturbed and safe.
"Usually when we rediscover lost species，we find just one or two individuals and have to act quickly to try to prevent their extinction，" said Robin Moore，of the Global Wildlife Conservation （GWC） group.
The team set 1，000 traps and caught 12 of the little sengis while making the first video and photographic documentation of the animal for science.Along with rediscovering the species，the team gathered DNA samples which later showed the Somali sengi to be more closely related to sengis in other corners of Africa like Morocco and South Africa.
This finding has suggested that the Somali sengi needs to be placed in a new genus—moving from Elephantulus to Galegeeska.
Like all great discoveries in science，the questions answered are only equal to the new mysteries presented，but the researchers' work has highlighted Djibouti as a biodiverse（具有生物多样性的） nation worthy of scientific study.With any luck，perhaps more discoveries are waiting to be made among its desert and salt lakes.
8. What made the finding of the Somali sengi special？ ______
A. It was rediscovered by Somalis.
B. It looked surprisingly different.
C. It reappeared in Africa after 53 years.
D. It had become smart enough to avoid being trapped.
9. What does the underlined word "serendipitous" in Paragraph 3 mean？ ______
A. Unrealistic. B. Scientific. C. Unreported. D. Accidental.
10. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us？ ______
A. How the Somali sengi manages to survive.
B. Why the Somali sengi can live peacefully.
C. How human activities affect the Somali sengi.
D. What environment the Somali sengi should live in.
11. How did the team know the relationships between the Somali sengi and other sengis？ ______
A. By doing DNA tests for them.
B. By studying their living habits.
C. By comparing their appearances.
D. By studying documents about them.
D
With the recent discussion about the health benefits of fish oil and other wellness plans，it can make you feel less worried to know that one thing never changes：Exercise is good for your health.Any movement，even walking，brings about a host of cardiovascular （心血管的） effects that can help you live longer，feel better，and not run out of breath when chasing children or small animals.
The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to discussion.The answer often depends on your goals.For heart health，sessions four to five times weekly might be perfect.For mental health？As The Independent reports，scientists believe there's a pretty specific prescription （处方）： Exercising for 45 minutes three to five times a week.
Researchers at Yale University and the University of Oxford made the study.They examined 1.2 million subjects （实验对象） who filled out the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey at two-year intervals （间隔时间） between 2011 and 2015.
Subjects who didn't exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell — stressed，depressed，or suffering from emotional problems — while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.
The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions of exercise a week was best for reducing the reported problems of feeling stressed or depressed.Exercising for longer periods — some subjects reported more than 90 minutes in the gym — was connected with a drop-off in mental health benefits.Subjects who spent three hours at a time exercising actually reported an increase in depressive symptoms （症状）.
Researchers also found that the kind of exercise undertaken made a difference.While all kinds of exercise helped，people who took part in team sports promoting social communication and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.
Because the study included self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn't monitored，it's possible that the subjects could have misread the amount of exercise performed.The study，however，makes a convincing case for a popular opinion：If exercise were a pill，doctors everywhere would be prescribing it.
12. The perfect amount of exercise for a person is usually decided by ______ .
A. his exercise routine B. his physical condition
C. what sports he prefers D. what he expects to improve
13. What do the numbers in paragraphs 4 and 5 show？ ______
A. The health benefits of exercise.
B. People's response to hard exercise.
C. How exercise influences one's mental health.
D. Why positive attitudes promote one's exercise.
14. Which of the following sports may bring people more pleasure？ ______
A. Tai chi. B. Volleyball. C. Climbing. D. Diving.
15. What may be the reason for the disadvantage of the study？ ______
A. Too few participants.
B. Its researchers' personal interests.
C. The subjects' personal judgments.
D. Its failure to consider doctors' suggestions.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Seventeen government departments released a guideline on Tuesday to boost （提高） the birth rate across the country. (1)
All counties，cities and provinces are required to set up at least one government-funded maternity（产科医院） and child care institution （机构） to improve the welfare （福利） of pregnant women and newborn babies. (2) Tailored campaigns to build more cheaper nursery services，such as day care and kindergartens，are being promoted.
Employers，schools，communities and social organizations are encouraged to offer child care services during the summer and winter vacations.
Workplaces are encouraged to have a flexible working system.Employers can discuss with employees ways of creating a flexible working mechanism（机制），such as a work-from-home system，to help employees solve difficulties in child care， (3) The maternity leave system is being improved across the country，helping employees balance work and family，as well as promoting fair employment and career development.
(4) to ensure the safety of the maternity fund.Unemployed women can enjoy maternity medical care by participating in basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents.
(5) For example，cities are encouraged to raise the amount of housing loans with lower interest rates to those families.

A.including sending and picking up children from schools and taking care of sick and young children.
B.including losing temper while tutoring children with their homework.
C.The State will draw up a maternity insurance payment policy
D.Families without children will have stricter restrictions on house purchases.
E.Beneficial housing policies are being offered to families with more children.
F.Below are some of the specific measures.
G.More low-cost nursing services will also be provided.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
With the rise of social media in recent years，young people around the globe have easy access to shocking (21) about how we're currently (22) to look after the Earth.Websites provide accessible information about (23) matters that quickly have millions of views，and links （链接） to new scientific information are easily (24).But，it's not just online research that uncovers the (25)，and it's not a distant threat either. (26) change is happening around us；our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic （酸性的） and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.
Of course，just because (27) people are now readily armed with such information doesn't mean all (28) will eagerly listen to them.Many (29) young activists simply due to their age，and others still aren't willing to see the environmental (30) we face，but that doesn't mean a (31) can't be made.
In fact，there are some (32) to being a young environmentalist.A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being more(33) due to the lack of financial incentives （财务刺激）.Young activists not only aren't (34) by busy schedules being forced on them，but they also have a simple-hearted view of what's going on and，being (35) from politics，they often say what adults aren't willing to.
21.  A. comment B. information C. knowledge D. feeling
22.  A. failing B. continuing C. managing D. attempting
23.  A. financial B. political C. environmental D. technical
24.  A. shared B. added C. included D. selected
25.  A. secret B. history C. source D. truth
26.  A. Climate B. Population C. Economic D. Scientific
27.  A. senior B. eager C. young D. local
28.  A. adults B. children C. scientists D. activists
29.  A. eat away at B. let go of
C. think little of D. attach importance to
30.  A. benefits B. protection C. challenges D. education
31.  A. difference B. decision C. deal D. choice
32.  A. advantages B. limits C. keys D. purposes
33.  A. friendly B. trustworthy C. regular D. independent
34.  A. supported B. treated C. paid D. influenced
35.  A. safe B. tired C. free D. absent
第II卷（非选择题）
四、单句语法填空（本大题共10小题，共15.0分）
36. Everyone ______（ alarm） at the news recently that two lions ran away from the zoo.
37. Don't you think that it functions as an even ______（ flexible） approach to learning English than your previous one？
38. By the year 2020 business computing will have changed beyond ______（ recognize）.
39. Sometimes，avoidance of one particular food will have this ______（ benefit） effect.
40. In addition to being wasteful，it may be ______（ convenient） and irritating to consumers.
41. If ______（ maintain） over the long term，these habits can become a serious health risk.
42. ______（ admit） to Peking University one day is what his parents expected.
43. The patient was observed ______（breathe） bitterly and was rushed to the hospital.
44. It's a detailed ______（describe） of the movements and the battle of Italy's fleet.
45. The city will be placed on the list of World Heritage In Danger，joining Aleppo which ______（destroy） by the war in Syria years ago.
五、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
46. Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea examines (1) （man） place in the world while exploring his need (2) survival.
Hemingway has much to say in The Old Man and the Sea.One of the more common themes is man vs nature，which is a main idea that (3) （specific） challenges humanity against the natural world.True to this，Santiago faces several challenges from nature，the (4) （obvious） being his battle with the giant fish.Their struggle lasts two days，before Santiago kills the fish.So，what does this struggle tell us？As for Santiago，this struggle present the main character to (5) we should show respect.
Understanding this theme in The Old Man and the Sea helps explain why the novel is (6) classic.The importance of being determined and never giving up helps define the type of people we are.Man is always going to be faced with (7) （ challenge） from nature and (8) he faces these challenges，and what type of action he takes，are areas of thought that attract readers and stay with them long after they have read the novel.These types of questions will always be important.Being capable of (9) （ stand） the test of time is part of why this novel (10) （ assume） as a classic.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
47. 假设你是李华，鉴于网课期间部分同学作息不规律，学校倡导有关"健康睡眠，高效学习" 的活动。请你用英文写一封 100 字左右的倡议书，倡议大家健康作息，杜绝熬夜。
内容包括：（ 1）现象及其原因；（ 2）熬夜的危害；（ 3）健康作息建议。
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、A、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中The questions are open-ended enough to invite general answers，but they'll also probably prompt （提示） you to share your most funny stories from previous short trips.（这些问题是开放式的，足以让你得到一般性的答案，但它们也可能会让你分享以前短途旅行中最有趣的故事。）可知，关于游戏Destination Anywhere我们知道的是它能让人们谈论他们的旅行。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。The "Family" edition （﹩25）is a great way to get silent kids to come out of their shells a little. （"家庭"版（25美元）是让沉默的孩子稍微走出他们外壳的好方法。）可推知，"家庭版"能够帮助鼓励一个10岁的孩子说话。故选A。
（3）目的意图题。阅读全文，并根据文章第一段If you love talking about past and future vacations almost as much as you love actually going on them，this card game Destination Anywhere from TableTopics is for you.（如果你喜欢谈论过去和未来的假期，就像你喜欢真正去度假一样，那么这款纸牌游戏Destination Anywhere from TableTopics适合你），第三段第一句And if the Destination Anywhere edition （版本） doesn't dominate your thoughts，there are plenty of other TableTopics editions that you might want to bring to your next family dinner.（如果Destination Anywhere版本没有主导你的思想，那么你可能会想在下一次家庭晚餐中带上很多其他TableTopics版本）和最后一段You can browse all the TableTopics card sets on Amazon.（你可以在亚马逊上浏览所有的TableTopics卡片集游戏知识。）可知，文章主要推荐了几款TableTopics卡片集游戏，可以通过亚马逊网站来查询游戏知识。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的主要是推荐TableTopics卡片集游戏。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几款TableTopics卡片集游戏。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4~7.【答案】B、D、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Claire Wyatt，a 24-year-old British volunteer，led eight Cambodians living with disabilities on a 155-mile bike ride from Phnom Penh，the nation's capital，to Siem Reap to raise money and deliver supplies to those in need amid the coronavirus pandemic （新冠病毒大流行）.（24岁的英国志愿者Claire Wyatt带领8名残疾柬埔寨人从柬埔寨首都金边骑着155英里的自行车前往Siem Reap，筹集资金，并在新冠病毒大流行期间向需要帮助的人运送物资。）可知，Claire和8个柬埔寨人骑行155英里是为了帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段When she was first asked to lead the excursion，Claire admitted，she was feeling nervous about her team traveling such a distance in just a few days，because cycling with a disability can come with added physical and emotional （情感的） challenges.（克莱尔承认，当她第一次被要求带领远足时，她对自己的团队在短短几天内走这么远感到紧张，因为带着残疾骑车可能会带来额外的身体和情感挑战。）和第四段中的Despite all the difficulties，Claire realized quickly that she didn't have to worry about her team.（尽管困难重重，克莱尔很快意识到她不必担心她的团队。）可知，因为她的团队成员都是残疾人，在骑行之前她担心她的团队不能顺利的完成这么远的路程。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段One team member named Dy，who lost an arm in a landmine （ 地雷） accident，biked using just one arm to balance.Another named Vulta could only pedal on one side due to paralysis from polio （ 脊髓灰质炎）.Despite all the difficulties，Claire realized quickly that she didn't have to worry about her team.She saw them deal with rough terrain （ 地形） that she had seen abled cyclists give up on before.（一位名叫Dy的队员在一次地雷事故中失去了一只胳膊，他骑自行车时只用一只胳膊保持平衡。另一个名叫Vulta的人由于小儿麻痹症瘫痪，只能一边踩踏板。尽管困难重重，克莱尔很快意识到她不必担心她的团队。她看到他们处理崎岖的地形，她以前看到过有能力的自行车手放弃。）以及第五段The volunteers covered the distance in just four days，not only helping so many people across the country，but also overcoming huge barriers （障碍） to get there.（志愿者们在短短四天内完成了这段路程，不仅帮助了全国各地的许多人，而且克服了巨大的障碍。）以及第六段"The best thing about this ride is that the riders have all volunteered their time to do this.They are so passionate about Cambodia and raising money for others in need，" said Claire. "The money raised will feed 99 families in Siem Reap."（"这次骑行最棒的一点是，骑手们都自愿抽出时间来做这件事。他们对柬埔寨充满热情，为其他有需要的人筹集资金， "克菜尔说。"筹集的资金将养活Siem Reap的99个家庭。"）可推知，这是一个有坚强意志，勇敢而又爱心的团队。结合选项A.Confident，passionate and friendly.自信、热情、友好的；B.Honest，patient and open-minded.诚实、耐心、心胸开阔的；C.Strong-minded，brave and caring.意志坚强、勇敢、有爱心的；D.Curious，creative and inspiring.好奇、有创造力、鼓舞人心的。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段Claire说的话"Leading this trip was an incredibly special experience for me，" said Claire. "Not only was I inspired by the determination of each and every rider，but also the team taught me every day not to focus on their disability."（"带领这次旅行对我来说是一次难以置信的特殊经历，"克莱尔说。"我不仅被每位骑手的决心所鼓舞，而且团队每天都教导我不要关注他们的残疾。"）以及后文所描述的团队经历可推知，Claire认为这次旅行是令人惊讶并鼓励人心的。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了24岁的英国志愿者Claire Wyatt带领8名柬埔寨残疾人从首都金边骑行155英里，到Siem Reap筹集资金，并为那些在冠状病毒大流行中需要帮助的人提供物资的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

8~11.【答案】C、D、B、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Despite not being documented by researchers since 1968，the sengi（象鼩），a tiny big-eyed mouse with a long tail and a trunk-like nose that's native to Somalia in Africa，was rediscovered living in well-preserved habitat in neighboring Djibouti this year，and in quite healthy numbers.（尽管研究人员自1968年以来就没有记录过象鼩，一种生活在非洲索马里的小大眼睛老鼠，长着长长的尾巴和像鼻一样的鼻子，今年在邻近的吉布提被重新发现生活在保存良好的栖息地，而且数量相当健康。）可知，象鼩53年后，再次出现在非洲，这是这次发现的特殊之处。故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。根据文章第三段的It was surprising."（重新发现这一物种令人十分惊讶。）和A number of small mammal （哺乳动物） surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti （自20世纪70年代起，大量小型哺乳动物的研究都没有在吉布提发现索马里象鼩）可知，研究者对于重新发现象鼩很是惊讶，由此猜测发现象鼩其实是一件很偶然的事情，即划线词意为"意外的"，与accidental同义。A.Unrealistic不切实际的；B.Scientific科学的；C.Unreported未被报道的；D.Accidental偶然的，意外的，故选D。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段的One of the least understood members of the 20 species Elephantulus （象鼩属），the sengi lives in habitats that are unsuitable for most human activities，allowing it to remain relatively undisturbed and safe.（象鼩作为最不了解的20种象鼩属之一，他们生活在人类最不适宜生存的地方，这就使得它们相对来说不被打扰和相对安全。）可知，该段主要讲述为什么象鼩能够和平的生存下来。故选B。
（4）细节理解题。根据第六段的the team gathered DNA samples which later showed the Somali sengi to be more closely related to sengis in other corners of Africa like Morocco and South Africa.                           （研究小组收集的DNA样本后来表明，索马里象鼩与非洲其他角落，如摩洛哥和南非的象鼩的亲缘关系更近。）可知，研究小组是通过DNA测试展示了索马里象鼩与非洲其他角落的象鼩是有关系的。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新发现的物种--象鼩，并对其进行研究。
做这类题材的阅读理解时要求考生对文章先通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~15.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中The question of how much exercise is best，though，is open to discussion.The answer often depends on your goals.（然而，关于多少运动量最好的问题还有待讨论。答案往往取决于你的目标）可知，一个人的最佳运动量通常取决于他希望改进的地方。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段Subjects who didn't exercise at all had an average of three-and-a-half days per month when they felt mentally unwell-stressed，depressed，or suffering from emotional problems-while those who exercised regularly reported an average of just two days.（完全不锻炼的人平均每月有三天半的时间感到精神不适--压力大、抑郁或遭受情绪问题--而经常锻炼的人平均只有两天。）以及第五段中The study found that having three to five 45-minute sessions of exercise a week was best for reducing the reported problems of feeling stressed or depressed.（研究发现，每周进行三到五次45分钟的锻炼，对于减少压力或抑郁的报告问题是最好的。）可知，第4段和第5段中的数字说明了锻炼对健康的好处。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中While all kinds of exercise helped，people who took part in team sports promoting social communication and gym classes like cycling described greater self-satisfaction with mental health.（虽然各种锻炼都有帮助，但参加促进社会交流的团队运动和骑自行车等健身课程的人对心理健康的自我满意度更高。）可知，团队运动使人们对自己的满意度更高，能给人们带来更多的乐趣，选项B"排球"是一项团队运动，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Because the study included self-reported outcomes and exercise wasn't monitored，it's possible that the subjects could have misread the amount of exercise performed.（因为这项研究包括了自我报告的结果，而且没有监测运动，所以研究对象可能误解了运动量。）可推知，这项研究的缺点可能是因为受试者个人的判断。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着最近关于鱼油对健康的好处和其他健康计划的讨论，有一件事永远不会改变：锻炼对你的健康有益，这可能会让你不那么担心。然而，关于多少运动量最好的问题还有待讨论。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

16~20.【答案】F、G、A、C、E
【解析】（1）联系上文题。由上文Seventeen government departments released a guideline on Tuesday to boost  （提高）  the birth rate across the country.（17个政府部门周二发布了一项指导意见，以提高全国的出生率。）可知文章接下来要讲具体的指导意见。F项"下面是一些具体的措施。"承接上文，也引出下文的几种具体措施，承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。由上文All counties，cities and provinces are required to set up at least one government-funded maternity（产科医院） and child care institution （机构） to improve the welfare （福利） of pregnant women and newborn babies.（所有县、市、省都必须建立至少一个政府资助的妇幼保健机构，以改善孕妇和新生儿的福利。）可知，此处讲了妇幼保健机构为妇幼提供的服务。G项"还将提供更多低成本的护理服务。"承接上文，也是讲妇幼保健机构为妇幼提供的服务，与上文意义一致，且与后文Tailored campaigns to build more cheaper nursery services，such as day care and kindergartens，are being promoted.（为建立更多更便宜的托儿所服务，如日托和幼儿园，量身定制的活动正在推广。）意义一致，都在说明具体的为妇幼保健提供的服务。故选G。
（3）联系上文题。由上文Employers  can  discuss with employees ways of creating a flexible working mechanism（机制），such as a work-from-home system，to help employees solve difficulties in child care，（雇主可以与员工讨论建立灵活的工作机制的方法，例如在家工作制度，以帮助员工解决照顾孩子的困难，）可知雇主需要考虑员工照顾孩子的困难，根据逗号和谓语 can discuss可知，后面应该是非谓语动词。A项"包括接送孩子上下学，照顾生病和年幼的孩子。"属于员工照顾孩子的困难，与上文意义相符，且语法符合该语境。故选A。
（4）联系下文题。由空后to  ensure  the  safety  of the  maternity  fund.（确保生育基金的安全。）可知空处的指导意见有关于生育基金。C项"国家将制定生育保险支付政策。"说明了国家关于生育保险的政策，与上文意义一致，符合语境。故选C。
（5）联系下文题。由后文For example，cities are encouraged to raise the amount of housing loans with lower interest rates to those families.（例如，鼓励城市提高对这些家庭的低息住房贷款。）可知政府为提高生育率，在房贷上也做出优惠。E项"有更多孩子的家庭正在享受有利的住房政策。"说明了政府对于有更多孩子家庭给予房贷上的照顾，且后文 those families就是指E项中的"families with more children"。故选E。
这是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了17个政府部门周二发布的提高全国出生率的指导意见。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】B、A、C、A、D、A、C、A、C、C、A、A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.comment评论；B.information信息；C.knowledge知识；D.feeling感觉。句意：随着近年来社交媒体的兴起，世界各地的年轻人很容易获得令人震惊的信息，我们目前未能照顾好地球。根据上文"With the rise of social media in recent years"可知，年轻人们能够获取一些消息。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.failing不合格；B.continuing继续；C.managing管理；D.attempting尝试。句意：随着近年来社交媒体的兴起，世界各地的年轻人很容易获得令人震惊的信息，我们目前未能照顾好地球。根据下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，此处指我们目前并没有照顾好地球。fail to do sth."未能做某事"。故选A。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.financial财务的；B.political政治的；C.environmental环境的；D.technical技术的。句意：网站提供了有关环境问题的可访问信息，这些信息很快就拥有数百万的浏览量，新的科学信息的链接也很容易共享。根据下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，网站提供的是一些关于环境的问题。故选C。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.shared共享；B.added添加；C.included包括；D.selected选择。句意：网站提供了有关环境问题的可访问信息，这些信息很快就拥有数百万的浏览量，新的科学信息的链接也很容易共享。根据空前"that quickly have millions of views，links（链接）to new scientific information "可知，这些链接也很快就会被分享出去。故选A。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.secret秘密；B.history历史；C.source来源；D.truth真相。句意：但是，不仅仅是在线研究揭示了真相，它也不是一个遥远的威胁。根据上文"young people around the globe have easy access to shocking（1）about how we're currently （2）to look after the Earth."可知，这并不是只有网上才揭露的事实。故选D。
（6）考查名词/形容词及语境理解。A.Climate气候；B.Population人口；C.Economic经济的；D.Scientific科学的。句意：气候变化正在我们身边发生。根据下文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second."可知，气候的变化在我们身边发生。故选A。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.senior高级的；B.eager急切的；C.young年轻的；D.local地方的。句意：当然，仅仅因为年轻人现在很容易掌握这些信息，并不意味着所有成年人都会热切地倾听。根据上文"young people around the globe have easy access to shocking（1）about how we're currently（2）to look after the Earth."可知，年轻人在网上获取了这些信息。故选C。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.adults成年人；B.children儿童；C.scientists科学家；D.activists积极分子。句意：当然，仅仅因为年轻人现在很容易掌握这些信息，并不意味着所有成年人都会热切地倾听。根据下文"A study on participants aged 16-24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being more （13）due to the lack of financial incentives（财务刺激）. "可知，一些成年人并不愿意去倾听他们的想法。故选A。
（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.eat away at（长期地）烦扰；B.let go of舍弃（感情、态度、控制权）；C.think little of不重视；D.attach importance to重视。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄问题而对年轻的活动家评价不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着不能做出改变。根据下文"due to their age，and others still aren't willing to see the environmental （10）we face"可知，成年人不重视他们。故选C。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.benefits好处；B.protection保护；C.challenges挑战；D.education教育。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄问题而对年轻的活动家评价不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着不能做出改变。根据上文"our oceans are 30 per cent more acidic（酸性的）and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second"可知，我们现在正面临着一些环境上的挑战。故选C。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.difference差异；B.decision决定；C.deal交易；D.choice选择。句意：许多人仅仅因为年龄问题而对年轻的活动家评价不高，其他人仍然不愿意看到我们所面临的环境挑战，但这并不意味着不能做出改变。根据转折连词but可知，这并不意味着他们不能做出改变。make a difference"起作用，产生影响"。故选A。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.advantages优点；B.limits极限；C.keys键；D.purposes目的。句意：事实上，做一个年轻的环保主义者有一些好处。根据下文"Young activists not only aren't （14）by busy schedules being forced on them，but they also have a simple-hearted view of what's going on and，being （15）from politics，they often say what adults aren't willing to."可知，年轻的环保主义者也有他们自己的优势。故选A。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.friendly友好的；B.trustworthy值得信赖的；C.regular定期的；D.independent独立的。句意：一项针对16-24岁的联合国气候谈判参与者的研究表明，由于没有经济问题，成年人认为年轻的活动人士更值得信任。根据空后"due to the lack of financial incentives（财务刺激）"可知，年轻人更值得信赖。故选B。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.supported支持；B.treated处理；C.paid支付；D.influenced影响。句意：年轻的活动人士不仅不受繁忙日程的影响，而且他们对发生的事情也有一个简单的看法，因为他们不受政治的影响，他们经常说成年人不愿意说的话。根据空后"by busy schedules being forced on them"可知，他们不会被繁忙的工作日程所影响。故选D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.safe安全的；B.tired疲劳的；C.free自由的；D.absent缺席的。句意：年轻的活动人士不仅不受繁忙日程的影响，而且他们对发生的事情也有一个简单的看法，因为他们不受政治的影响，他们经常说成年人不愿意说的话。根据下文" they often say what adults aren't willing to."可知，他们也不受政治的影响，所以他们经常说大人不愿意说的话。be free from"免于...，不受...的影响"。故选C。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了随着社交媒体的发展，全球的年轻人能够接触到环境问题日益严重的惊人消息，并且能够成为保护环境的主力军。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】has been alarmed
【解析】alarm"使惊恐"，be alarmed at"对……感到恐慌"，是固定搭配，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时，主语Everyone是不定代词，助动词用has。
故填：has been alarmed。
最近两只狮子从动物园跑了的消息使每个人都感到震惊。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

37.【答案】more flexible
【解析】flexible是形容词，意思是"灵活的"，根据空格前的even和后面的than可知，空格处应该用形容词的比较级，flexible的比较级是more flexible。
故填：more flexible。
你不认为这是一种比以前更灵活的英语学习方法吗？
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

38.【答案】recognition
【解析】recognize"认出；认识；承认；意识到；辨别出"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词作介词beyond的宾语，recognition"认出；认识；识别"是抽象名词，不可数。
故填：recognition。
到2020年，商业计算将发生翻天覆地的变化。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

39.【答案】beneficial
【解析】benefit"利益；益处"是名词，分析句子可知，横线处用形容词beneficial"有益的"作定语修饰名词effect。
故填：beneficial。
有时，避免一种特定的食物会产生这种有益的效果。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

40.【答案】inconvenient
【解析】convenient"便利的"是形容词，分析句子可知横线处用形容词作表语，根据句中being wasteful"浪费"和irritating"刺激"可知，横线处应用表示"不便利的"的形容词inconvenient。
故：inconvenient。
除了浪费，它可能会给消费者带来不便和刺激。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

41.【答案】maintained
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处和if构成省略式的条件状语从句，主语和maintain之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词表示被动。
故填：maintained。
如果长期保持，这些习惯会成为严重的健康问题。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

42.【答案】Being admitted
【解析】admit"允许进入"，be admitted to"被接纳"，句中缺少主语，用动名词短语作主语，单词being在句首，首字母大写。
故填：Being admitted。
有一天能考上北京大学是他父母所期望的。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

43.【答案】breathing
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语作主语补足语，根据句意可知，主语和breathe之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作主语补足语，表示正在发生的动作。
故填：breathing。
病人被观察到呼吸困难，被紧急送往医院。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

44.【答案】description
【解析】describe"描述"是动词，分析句子可知，横线处用名词description"描述"作表语。根据冠词a可知，横线处用可数名词单数。
故填：description。
这是对意大利舰队行动和战斗的详细描述。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

45.【答案】was destroyed
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格处是定语从句中的谓语，根据后面的时间状语"years ago"可知，空格处应该用一般过去时，从句主语和destroy之间是被动关系，主语是单数，所以be动词用was和destroyed构成被动语态。
故填：was destroyed。
这座城市将被列入濒危世界遗产名录，加入了几年前被叙利亚战争摧毁的阿勒颇。
考查单词填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓，若是谓语，则要注意时态语态和主谓一致；若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式；名词要注意单复数，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。

46.【答案】【小题1】man's
【小题2】for
【小题3】specifically
【小题4】most obvious
【小题5】whom
【小题6】a
【小题7】challenges
【小题8】how
【小题9】standing
【小题10】is assumed
【解析】（1）考查名词所有格。句意：欧内斯特•海明威的《老人与海》在探索人类生存需求的同时，审视了人类在世界上的地位。此处用名词所有格作定语修饰名词place，表示"人类的"，故填man's。
（2）考查介词。句意：欧内斯特•海明威的《老人与海》在探索人类生存需求的同时，审视了人类在世界上的地位。固定短语need for表示"对……的需要"，满足句意要求。故填for。
（3）考查副词。句意：其中一个比较常见的主题是人与自然，这是一个特别挑战人类与自然世界的主要思想。此处用副词作状语修饰动词challenges。故填specifically。
（4）考查形容词最高级。句意：事实上，圣地亚哥面临着来自大自然的几个挑战，最明显的是他与大鱼的战斗。结合句意和the可知，此处用最高级，表示"最明显的"，故填most obvious。
（5）考查定语从句。句意：至于圣地亚哥，这场斗争是我们应该尊敬的主要人物。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the main character，在从句中作to的宾语，故填whom。
（6）考查冠词。句意：理解《老人与海》的这一主题有助于解释为什么这部小说是经典。结合句意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，classic为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
（7）考查可数名词的复数。句意：人类总是会面临来自自然的挑战，他如何面对这些挑战，他采取了什么样的行动，这些都是吸引读者的思想领域，在他们读完小说后，他们会久久地停留在那里。根据句意以及下文中的"these challenges"可知，此处名词应为复数形式。故填challenges。
（8）考查宾语从句。句意：人类总是会面临来自自然的挑战，他如何面对这些挑战，他采取了什么样的行动，这些都是吸引读者的思想领域，在他们读完小说后，他们会久久地停留在那里。此处引导with的宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示"如何"，故填how。
（9）考查动名词。句意：经得起时间的考验是这部小说被认为是经典的部分原因。此处用动名词作介词of的宾语，故填standing。
（10）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：经得起时间的考验是这部小说被认为是经典的部分原因。动词短语be assumed as表示"被认为是"，且句子在陈述事实，所以为一般现在时，主语this novel为单数名词，所以为is assumed as。故填is assumed。
这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了欧内斯特•海明威的《老人与海》在探索人类生存需求的同时，审视了人类在世界上的地位。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

47.【答案】With the Online courses going，it has been common that some students lack sleep for all kinds of reasons such as heavy homework or being addicted to digital devices.【高分句型一】（现象及其原因）
It's generally accepted that staying up late undoubtedly has negative effects on us.Without regular sleep，we can't focus in class，which is sure to reduce our academic efficiency.【高分句型二】What's worse，too much time spent on digital devices really does great harm to our health.（熬夜的危害）
In order to gain enough sleep and live a healthy life，it's highly recommended that we should have a proper schedule to balance study and entertainment.What's more，taking regular exercise also counts，enabling us to stay away from possible diseases.Let's take action to enjoy a healthy and happy life.（健康作息建议）
【解析】高分句型一：With the Online courses going，it has been common that some students lack sleep for all kinds of reasons such as heavy homework or being addicted to digital devices.
译文：随着在线课程的开展，一些学生因各种原因（如繁重的家庭作业或沉迷于数码设备）而睡眠不足的情况已经很普遍。
分析：这句话使用了with复合结构。
高分句型二：Without regular sleep，we can't focus in class，which is sure to reduce our academic efficiency.
译文：没有规律的睡眠，我们就不能集中精力上课，这肯定会降低我们的学习效率。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。