2022-2023学年江西省景德镇市高一上学期期中英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年江西省景德镇市高一上学期期中英语试卷（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分）等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年江西省景德镇市高一（上）期中英语试卷
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
It's hard to imagine the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Headlands connected by anything but the Golden Gate Bridge，as if its red beams （梁），constructed 75 years ago，were always part of the permanent landscape.
A delicate fireworks display recently celebrated the bridge's 75th anniversary，but you can still celebrate on a smaller scale and catch a lot more.Try shopping for some anniversary souvenir，joining in a guided tour，or simply going for a walk across the 1.7-mile-wide bridge.
Beyond the bridge，the beloved City by the Bay is still appealing with secret San Francisco musts to keep the celebration going.Here are a few more：
Bourbon and Branch
This Prohibition-style "private" saloon requires a password to enter.Dark，intimate and decorated faithfully like the 1920s，this is the ideal spot for business dealings.Cell phones are prohibited，which only adds to the authentic atmosphere.
House of Air
A favorite among locals and tourists，this activity center has dozens of trampolines （蹦床） to jump on，trampoline walls to bounce off.Space is rented by how much time you want to bounce about，but be cautious about overdoing it；jumping around for even 10 minutes is exhausting!
Nightlife at California Academy of Science
For anyone who wished that film "Night at the Museum" could be real，every Thursday night the California Academy of Science offers a simulated （模拟的） rainforest and aquarium，all under the same roof.There's also live music，several bars and a different theme every week.
Musee Mecanique
It may be called a museum.It's full of wind-up toys，dancing puppets，shooting galleries and vintage arcade games.Some of the exhibits may seem frightening，but this is a unique trip back into the history of how we have fun.Bring a pocket full of coins.
1. Which event was recently held to celebrate the bridge's birthday？ ______
A. A fireworks display. B. A walk across the bridge.
C. A guided tour around it. D. A special offer on souvenirs.
2. Which of the following suits people liking sports？ ______
A. Bourbon and Branch. B. Musee Mecanique.
C. House of Air. D. California Academy of Science.
3. What can we do in Nightlife at California Academy of Science？ ______
A. Play with a variety of toys for free.
B. Appreciate some virtual wildlife.
C. Do some extreme sports with locals.
D. Make a deal with business partners.
B
This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40'C were forecast in Britain.Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments.The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted.In mainland Europe，things were bleaker still.After weeks of drought，a heatwave sparked wildfires in France，Greece，Portugal and Spain.Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever.And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.
Why are all of these places suffering extreme heat at the same time？Climate change has made heatwaves more frequent.Very hot temperatures that were once rare occur more frequently and heatwaves that were once impossible come to pass.The temperatures in Britain this week fit into the second category（Ⅱ），says Richard Betts，a climate researcher with the British Met Office.Similarly，modelling carried out by the World Weather Attribution group，a research coalition，found that last year's unprecedented heatwave in the Pacific Northwest would have been "virtually impossible" without climate change.New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.
Whatever the cause，the consequences are disastrous.Heatwaves kill people and worsen existing health conditions.Heatwaves can cause crops to suffer，as happened this spring in India.In three northern states，yields probably fell by between 10%-35%.If several "breadbasket" areas are affected there will be worldwide shortages，pushing up prices.Other systems are at risk，too.Heat can disrupt everything from manufacturing to transport.Last weak factories in Zhejiang province in China were forced to ration（定量供应）power to ensure enough supply for air-conditioners in nearby homes.Heatwaves often stretch energy grids（电网）to breaking point.In places where electricity is moved across borders，a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid.But simultaneous（同时的）heatwaves make complicated.In an interconnected world，regions rely on each other to cope with disaster.Which becomes much harder when the disasters are happening in many places at once.
4. What is the first paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. Extreme heat breaks out across the globe.
B. The new temperature record has been set in some areas.
C. Natural disasters are increasing due to the extreme heat.
D. Many places are actively fighting against extreme heat.
5. What can we learn from paragraph 2？ ______
A. There used to be frequent heatwaves and high temperatures.
B. The British feel more comfortable when the temperature is Ⅱ.
C. One of the critical factors in extreme heat is human activities.
D. It is impossible to experience extreme heat in Pacific Northwest.
6. What problem would heatwaves cause globally according to the last paragraph？ ______
A. Low birth rate. B. High crop price.
C. Less factories. D. Global warming.
7. What does the underlined pronoun "that" refer to in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Stretching energy grids.
B. Rationing power in factories.
C. Generating power.
D. Moving electricity across borders.
C
In 1823，a young woman noticed a strange fossil on a beach near Lyme Regis，England.She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home.She carefully arranged the skeleton on a table.Then she saw something extraordinary.The creature's neck was a meter long — more than half the length of its body.It was unlike any animal living on Earth.
Even at a young age，Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual or curious fossils.Her father died in 1810，leaving her family in debt，so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors.A year later，aged just 12，she made her first major discovery — a crocodile-like skull with a long skeleton.It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago.Named ichthyosaur，or "fish-lizard"，it was the first extinct animal known to science.
Fossil hunting brought in money，but it was a dangerous occupation.One day，a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary.Despite the dangers，she continued to look for new finds.The long-necked fossil she uncovered in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile （爬行动物）.Known as a plesiosaur，it would inspire legends — including that of the Loch Ness Monster.Five years later，she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail.It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.
Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter；she also carefully examined and recorded her finds.However，she received little credit from other scientists.Only one of her scientific writings was published in her lifetime，in 1839.She was also not allowed to join London's Geological Society，as only men could become members.
Mary Anning died in 1847，but her contributions have not been forgotten.Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris.The beach near her home is a UNESCO World Heritage Site，known as the Jurassic Coast.Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders.According to Britain's Natural History Museum，Mary Anning was "the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.
8. Why did Mary Anning start selling fossils？ ______
A. To establish her name as a scientist.
B. To raise public interest in her articles.
C. To gain money to start a museum.
D. To earn money to support her family.
9. Which of the following is true about Mary Anning？ ______
A. She published several scientific articles in her lifetime.
B. She was nearly killed by a rock fall near the beach.
C. She was a member of the London Geological Society.
D. The beach near her home is named after her.
10. What is true about the pterosaur find？ ______
A. It looked similar to the Loch Ness Monster.
B. It was the first discovery of an extinct animal.
C. It showed that some extinct creatures had wings.
D. It demonstrated that Mary Anning was an expert in fossil finds.
11. What would be the proper title for the passage？ ______
A. Long-Necked Creatures from the Past
B. The World's Greatest Fossil Hunter
C. The Discovery of the First Pterosaur
D. Treasure of Fossils
D
Earlier this month，British supermarket chain Morrisons announced that it would be removing "use by" dates on most of its milk.The idea behind this is to discourage people from throwing milk away based on a date，rather than sniffing （闻） and looking at it to determine whether it's still safe for consumption.
The fact is that significant amounts of food get wasted every year by people blindly following expiration dates，rather than their senses.What makes matters worse is that most dates don't mean much，anyway.They're assigned somewhat randomly by food manufacturers that are not held to any regulatory standards for what determines a safe date nor what expertise （专门知识） is required to make such a judgment call—so it makes sense that they'd be too cautious.
What I find amusing，however，is that many people seem to be horrified by this approaching absence of "use by" dates.
In fact，I never look at expiration dates when I shop.To me，it's as if they don't exist.To be clear，I am not an absent-minded shopper.I pay close attention to both packaging and price.Despite having a full cart at checkout，I could tell you the exact price of every item in it.Any time I see a clearance rack （清仓货架） at the store，that's usually where I go first because it's exactly the stuff I want to buy—the cheaper，the better!If there's any heavily discounted product that I'd normally use，I will certainly take it.Often，I'll mentally adjust my weekly menu plan on the spot，based on what I find.
The handful of times I have looked at expiration dates have been for short-lived items like prepackaged salad greens.What I've found，however，is that the dates mean little.Even a package that claims to be fresh can still have rotten yellow leaves at the bottom，which turns me off.Therefore，the expiration date means next to nothing，but my visual assessment，combined with my intention for when I plan to eat it，is far more useful.
Food is your friend.Food is not out to kill you!
12. Why will Morrisons remove "use by" dates on most of its milk？ ______
A. To reduce food waste.
B. To improve customers' senses.
C. To meet the regulatory standards.
D. To be cautious about food quality.
13. What do we know about the author's shopping habit from the text？ ______
A. She shows little interest in packaging.
B. She cares more about the price.
C. She always avoids buying discounted products.
D. She is often careless about choosing goods.
14. Why does the author give the example of "prepackaged salad greens"？ ______
A. To claim her favorite food.
B. To introduce her cooking habit.
C. To stress the uselessness of expiration dates.
D. To show the poor packaging of some food.
15. What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. What Makes Us Waste More Food.
B. Why We Need "Use By" Dates.
C. How I Choose Food for Cooking .
D. Why I Ignore Food Expiration Dates.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
For many years，public schools taught only Euro-American cultural values and neutralized or ignored other cultural heritages.Textbooks minimized problems among groups and taught a sanitized version of history.It was assumed that everyone in the American melting pot would eventually lose or abandon those ethnic characteristics that distinguished them from mainstream Americans. (1) Current textbooks absorb a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggles for equality are vividly depicted，and past racism is frankly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism（多元性）is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education，and children in American schools learn that variety and cultural diversity are assets（资产）.
(2) Elementary school students learn not only about the traditional Thanksgiving celebration in the United States，but also about other harvest holidays around the world.They learn that African tribal farmers observe harvest festivals to thank their ancestors for keeping them well and sending rain.The moon's birthday is the start of the Chinese harvest festival called Chung Ch'ui，in which the Chinese give thanks and remember a victory over an invading army.In India，Hindu women honor Gauri，the goddess of the harvest and the protector of women. (3) Koreans offer prayers for good harvests on Tano Day，and in Switzerland and Sweden，children carry lanterns made from vegetables to celebrate their harvest holiday.Middle School and high schools include literature from around the world offering alternative perspectives on social problems and significant historical events.Ethnic studies departments can be found in high schools and colleges. (4)
There is some evidence that attempts at multicultural education are working.In the United States，for example，graduation rates are up.The share of high school students taking a core of academic subjects increased from 13 percent to 47 percent in the past decade.The gap between whites' and minorities' test scores has narrowed.These accomplishments may well be attributed to educators who daily confront diversity in their classrooms and have identified the central issues in educating a culturally diverse population. (5)

A．Here are some approaches to multicultural education.
B．Those issues deal with learning style difference，language diversity，and gender.
C．In Africa，due to extremely hot weather，Africans suffer a lot.
D．Concrete examples of teaching diversity can be found at every grade level.
E．Today，however，schools routinely teach the experience and values of many ethnic cultures.
F．In Japan，thanksgiving is a national holiday and a time to give thanks for blessings.
G．Many schools further require that students take courses in cultural diversity.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
It is getting hot.It's time to put on (21)clothes and open up the windows.
Yesterday brought a（n）(22)visit to the kitchen during the brief time we were out.Two daring sparrows had (23)into a dangerous territory-our kitchen.
When you come across such sudden callers.you are (24)to sense it as an action of intruding（入侵）into your comfort zone．or you might (25)it as a lovely shining moment of life.We (26)the second option，with no hesitation.After all，we've never stopped feeling urgent to strengthen the relationship with our sparrows more and more each day.
We can't stop (27)and celebrating their dance from our window.We fed them with the (28)on our tablecloth after every meal.And we have (29)them with every kind of bases and stands on our terrace（露台）.
(30)，they feel at case in our backyard.And that has led them to (31)courage to slip into our house.Perhaps because they have the feeling that we don't consider them (32)，but friendly neighbors，who only leave some wastes from time to time.
The presence of our dear sparrow holds magical consistency with real life.And we've been having lovely sparrows coming over lately.whose presence (33)us out of our dull daily routines and shows us the hidden beauty and charm.
Like different human beings，these sparrows often take different forms.We've met sparrows like those，of all shapes and colors.And they're everywhere.Perhaps all of them are willing to call our (34)，making us know they are there.They only ask from us not to be afraid of them or feel uneasy to their (35).
21.  A. tighter B. lighter C. bigger D. cleaner
22.  A. unstoppable B. uncomfortable C. unforeseen D. unwelcomed
23.  A. slipped B. walked C. advanced D. spread
24.  A. proud B. safe C. afraid D. sure
25.  A. keep B. describe C. receive D. collect
26.  A. chose B. hit C. bit D. rose
27.  A. designing B. observing C. managing D. preparing
28.  A. vegetables B. fruits C. goods D. leftovers
29.  A. provided B. equipped C. comforted D. satisfied
30.  A. Repeatedly B. Surprisingly C. Undoubtedly D. Traditionally
31.  A. lose B. seek C. give D. gather
32.  A. intruders B. strangers C. instructors D. breakers
33.  A. forces B. draws C. cuts D. drives
34.  A. agreement B. attention C. acceptance D. expression
35.  A. impression B. expression C. existence D. difference
第II卷（非选择题）
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. The Shenzhou-14 crew entered the Wentian lab module at 10：03 a.m.on July 26，2022，（ 1）______（mark） the first time that Chinese astronauts have entered a lab module in orbit.
It is the first time that space rendezvous and docking（交会和对接）（ 2）______（carry）out during the astronauts' stay in the space station，the CMS said.For the first time，the taikonauts （3）______orbit can use the airlock cabin in Wentian to carry out extravehicular activities （EVAs）.The node cabin in the core module，which （4）______（usual） serves as the exit and entry for EVAs，will become a backup of the airlock cabin.
（ 5）______（compare） with the node cabin，the airlock cabin has a larger door，（ 6）______is more convenient for the taikonauts to enter and exit the spacecraft as well as transfer tools and maintenance （7）______（equip）.
The Shenzhou-14 crew will，for the first time，be aided by the small mechanical arm to carry out EVAs.The taikonauts are also scheduled （8）______（give） another space lecture from the Wentian lab module.
As a major component of China's space station，the Wentian lab module not only functions（9）______the experiment platform for life sciences，（10）______provides taikonauts with more space to live and work，and serves as the full backup to the space station's key system as well.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 上周日你校举行了"变废为宝（From Waste to Wealth）"创意比赛。请你为校英语角写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.比赛目的；2.比赛过程；3.谈谈反响。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
38. It was time to start a vegetable garden.My kids were twelve and nine years old，and I wanted them to have the experience of growing their own food.On a warm day，I took my power drill out and began to work.After about half an hour，I almost had the whole thing done.I was just leaning over to aim the tip of the screwdriver （螺丝刀） at the "X" in the top of the last screw when I felt a pull on my scalp （头皮） and smelled something burning.Realizing my hair was stuck into the drill，I quickly pushed the "turning back" button.But the drill only took in more hair，and the smell of burning was even stronger.
Terror flooded my mind.Quickly，I moved to unplug the drill.After cutting the drill off from electricity，I tried to pull the drill away，but failed.There seemed to be only about an inch between the drill and my scalp.I pulled harder.There was no movement and the pulling really hurt.
I now had a power tool attached to the side of my head.My twelve-year-old daughter，Floss，was inside，doing her homework upstairs，but I couldn't let her see me in such a stupid position.I was Mom.I was supposed to know what I was doing.
I decided to call my husband.Using one hand that wasn't holding the heavy drill，I finally dialed the phone in the kitchen.It rang and rang，and the call went to voicemail.As I listened to the familiar recording，I wondered what message I could possibly leave.None.I hung up.I waited for approximately three seconds，and with my drill-holding arm aching more and more，I tried again.But it was still the voicemail.So I gave up turning to my husband for help.
注意：
1.续写的词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked into the bathroom to look at my situation in a mirror.
______
"Floss!" I screamed.
______
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段A delicate fireworks display recently celebrated the bridge's 75th anniversary（最近，一场精致的烟火表演庆祝了大桥75周年）可知，最近庆祝大桥的生日举行了烟火展览。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据House of Air部分的A favorite among locals and tourists，this activity center has dozens of trampolines （蹦床） to jump on，trampoline walls to bounce off.（作为当地人和游客的最爱，这个活动中心有几十个蹦床可以跳，蹦床墙可以弹起。）可知，喜欢运动的人适合去House of Air。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据Nightlife at California Academy of Science部分的For anyone who wished that film "Night at the Museum" could be real，every Thursday night the California Academy of Science offers a simulated （模拟的） rainforest and aquarium，all under the same roof.There's also live music，several bars and a different theme every week.（任何希望电影《博物馆之夜》能够真实的人，每周四晚上，加州科学院都会在同一屋檐下提供一个模拟雨林和水族馆。每周还有现场音乐、几个酒吧和不同的主题。）可知，Nightlife at California Academy of Science可以欣赏一些虚拟野生动物。故选B。
本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了为了庆祝金门大桥75岁生日举办的一系列活动。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

4~7.【答案】A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据第一段This week record-breaking temperatures of more than 40'C were forecast in Britain.Schools closed and hospitals cancelled routine appointments.The Royal Air Force had to rearrange flights from its biggest air base after the runway melted.In mainland Europe，things were bleaker still.After weeks of drought，a heatwave sparked wildfires in France，Greece，Portugal and Spain.Parts of America are struggling through one of their hottest summers ever.And many places of eastern and southern China have seen unusually high temperatures in recent weeks.（本周，英国的气温预计将突破40摄氏度。学校关闭，医院取消了例行预约。跑道融化后，皇家空军不得不重新安排其最大空军基地的航班。在欧洲大陆，情况更加严峻。经过数周的干旱，热浪在法国、希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙引发了野火。美国部分地区正艰难度过有史以来最炎热的夏季。最近几周，中国东部和南部的许多地方都出现了异常高温。）可知，本段主要是关于极端炎热天气在全球爆发。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句New records will be set as long as humans continue to burn fossil fuels and destroy carbon-storing ecosystems.（只要人类继续燃烧化石燃料并破坏碳储存生态系统，就会创造新的记录。）可知，极端炎热的关键因素之一是人类活动。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段If several "breadbasket" areas are affected there will be worldwide shortages，pushing up prices.（如果几个"粮仓"地区受到影响，全球将出现短缺，从而推高价格。）可知，热浪会造成农作物价格上涨。故选B。
（4）代词指代题。根据最后一段划线词所在部分Heatwaves often stretch energy grids（电网）to breaking point.In places where electricity is moved across borders，a stream of power from somewhere not affected can help stabilize the grid.But simultaneous（同时的）heatwaves make         complicated.（热浪通常会将能量网格拉伸到断裂点。在电力跨境输送的地方，来自未受影响地方的电力流可以帮助稳定电网。但同时发生的热浪使这一情况变得复杂。）可知that指代上文的Moving electricity across borders"跨境输送电力"。A.Stretching energy grids延长电力；B.Rationing power in factories工厂的定量功率；C.Generating power发电；D.Moving electricity across borders跨境输送电力。故选D。
本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了全球受到高温的影响，分析了这种现象的原因和危害。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Her father died in 1810，leaving her family in debt，so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors.（她的父亲在1810年去世，让她的家庭负债累累，所以Mary开始把她的化石卖给收藏家。）可知，Mary之所以要开始卖化石是因为家中负债累累，她得卖化石养家。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One day，a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. （一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差点把Mary埋了。）可知，Mary差点被落石砸中活埋。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的Five years later，she found a fossil with wing bones and a long tail.It was one of the first examples of a pterosaur — a flying creature that disappeared millions of years ago.（五年后，她发现了一块有翼骨和长尾巴的化石。这是翼龙的首批样本之一，翼龙是一种数百万年前消失的飞行生物。）可知，翼龙化石的发现表明了一些已经灭绝的生物是有翅膀的。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的According to Britain's Natural History Museum，Mary Anning was "the greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".She was also a scientist who changed the way we think about life on Earth.（英国自然历史博物馆称， Mary Anning是"世界上最伟大的化石猎人"。她还是一位科学家，她改变了我们对地球生命的看法。）及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。所以"The World's Greatest Fossil Hunter（世界上最伟大的化石猎人）"作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一位寻找化石的专家Mary Anning的生平事迹。
考查说明文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

12~15.【答案】A、B、C、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的The idea behind this is to discourage people from throwing milk away based on a date，rather than sniffing （闻） and looking at it to determine whether it's still safe for consumption.（这背后的想法是阻止人们根据一个日期就扔掉牛奶，而不是闻和看它是否仍然可以安全食用。）以及第二段中的The fact is that significant amounts of food get wasted every year by people blindly following expiration dates，rather than their senses.What makes matters worse is that most dates don't mean much，anyway.（事实是，每年有大量的食物被浪费是因为人们盲目地遵循保质期，而不是他们的感官。更糟糕的是，大多数日期都没有什么意义。）可知，为了减少食物浪费，莫里森公司将在大部分牛奶上去掉"食用截止日期"。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段中的"I pay close attention to both packaging and price.（我非常注意包装和价格。）可知，作者的消费习惯是她更关心价格。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The handful of times I have looked at expiration dates have been for short-lived items like prepackaged salad greens.What I've found，however，is that the dates mean little.Even a package that claims to be fresh can still have rotten yellow leaves at the bottom，which turns me off.（我看过的几次保质期都是预先包装的蔬菜沙拉等短期食品。然而，我发现，日期意义不大。即使是号称新鲜的包装，底部也可能有腐烂的黄叶，这让我很反感。）可知，作者举了一个 "预先包装的蔬菜沙拉"的例子来强调保质期的无用性。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据第一段中的Earlier this month，British supermarket chain Morrisons announced that it would be removing "use by" dates on most of its milk. （本月早些时候，英国连锁超市莫里森（Morrisons）宣布，将在大部分牛奶中去掉"食用日期"。）以及第二段中的The fact is that significant amounts of food get wasted every year by people blindly following expiration dates，rather than their senses.What makes matters worse is that most dates don't mean much，anyway.（事实是，每年有大量的食物被浪费是因为人们盲目地遵循保质期，而不是他们的感官。更糟糕的是，大多数日期都没有什么意义。）以及  In fact，I never look at expiration dates when I shop.To me，it's as if they don't exist.To be clear，I am not an absent-minded shopper.（事实上，我在购物时从不看过期日期。对我来说，好像他们不存在。说清楚，我不是一个心不在焉的购物者。）可知，"为什么会忽视食物的保质期"可以作为本文的标题。故选D。
这是一篇议论文。作者通过自己消费习惯和生活中的例子的论述解释了为什么要忽视食物的保质期。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16~20.【答案】E、G、F、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据上文It was assumed that everyone in the American melting pot would eventually lose or abandon those ethnic characteristics that distinguished them from mainstream Americans.（人们认为，在美国这个大熔炉里的每个人最终都会失去或放弃那些使他们区别于主流美国人的种族特征。）可知此处提到人们普遍认为，在美国，每个人最终都会失去或放弃那些使他们区别于主流美国人的种族特征；结合下文Current textbooks absorb a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.（目前的教科书吸收了各种各样取得成功的少数民族人士。）提到教科书其实是吸收了各种各样取得成功的少数民族人士，即教科书上面有区别于主流美国人的种族特征的内容，推知空处应该是出现了转折，导致下文叙述了与上文所预料的不一样的内容，选项E"然而今天，学校日常教授许多种族文化的经验和价值观。"正是出现了转折，引出了下文所叙述的与上文所预料的不一样的内容，即并不是如人们想的那样每个人最终都会失去或放弃那些使他们区别于主流美国人的种族特征，教科书其实是含有其他非主流的种族的内容的，故选项E符合语境，故选E项。
（2）段落主题题。根据下文Elementary school students learn not only about the traditional Thanksgiving celebration in the United States，but also about other harvest holidays around the world.（小学生不仅要学习美国传统的感恩节庆祝活动，还要学习世界各地的其他丰收节日。）可知此处讲述了小学要求学生学习美国之外的其他国家的节日习俗。选项G"许多学校进一步要求学生学习文化多样性课程。"提到了许多学校要求学生学习文化多样性课程，这与下文所述内容主旨一致，都在讲述美国要求学生学习本国之外的文化，本句是本段的主旨句，下文是对主旨句中所述内容的具体阐述，故选项G符合语境，故选G项。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文They learn that African tribal farmers observe harvest festivals to thank their ancestors for keeping them well and sending rain.The moon's birthday is the start of the Chinese harvest festival called Chung Ch'ui，in which the Chinese give thanks and remember a victory over an invading army.In India，Hindu women honor Gauri，the goddess of the harvest and the protector of women.（他们了解到，非洲部落的农民庆祝丰收节是为了感谢他们的祖先让他们保持健康并送雨。中秋节是中国丰收节"Chung Ch'ui，"的开始，在这个节日里，中国人表示感谢，并纪念一场战胜入侵军队的胜利。在印度，印度教妇膜拜Gauri，Gauri是丰收女神和妇女的保护者。）可知上文都是在叙述世界各地不同国家的节日和习俗，选项F"在日本，感恩节是一个全国性的节日，也是感谢上帝赐福的日子。"也是在讲述世界其他国家的节日习俗，与上文构成排比，故选项F符合语境，故选F项。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文Middle School and high schools include literature from around the world offering alternative perspectives on social problems and significant historical events.Ethnic studies departments can be found in high schools and colleges.（中学和高中包括来自世界各地的文学作品，提供关于社会问题和重大历史事件的不同观点。民族研究部门可以在高中和大学找到。）可知此处讲述了在中学、高中、大学都可以找到关于世界各地文化的教育资源，选项D"在每个阶段都可以找到教学多样性的具体例子。"是对上文的总结，说明了在学生的每个阶段都有教育多样性的内容，故选项D符合语境，故选D项。
（5）联系上文题。上文These accomplishments may well be attributed to educators who daily confront diversity in their classrooms and have identified the central issues in educating a culturally diverse population.（这些成就很可能要归功于那些每天都在课堂上面对多样性的教育工作者，他们已经确定了教育文化多样性人群的核心问题。）可知此处提到了教育文化多样性的核心问题；选项B"这些问题涉及学习风格差异、语言多样性和性别。"承接了上文所述内容，具体阐明了这些核心问题所涉及的方面，故选项B符合语境，故选B项。
这是一篇说明文。文章说明了在美国，已经逐渐开始要求学生学习本国之外的其他世界上的国家的节日文化和习俗，并在学生每个阶段都有提供教育资源。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。

21~35.【答案】B、C、A、D、C、A、B、D、A、C、D、A、B、B、C
【解析】（1）考查形容词及语境理解。A.tighter更紧的；B.lighter更轻的；C.bigger更大的；D.cleaner更干净的。句意：是穿上轻便的衣服和打开窗户的时候了。根据前文"It is getting hot. "可知，我们要穿薄的衣服了。故选B。
（2）考查形容词及语境理解。A.unstoppable无法停止的；B.uncomfortable不舒服的；C.unforeseen不可预见的；D.unwelcomed不受欢迎的。句意：昨天在我们出去的短暂时间里，两只麻雀突然造访了厨房。根据下文"And that has led them to（11）courage to slip into our house."可知，这两只麻雀的到访是我们没有想到的。故选C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.slipped溜进，悄悄地做；B.walked步行；C.advanced进步；D.spread传播。句意：两只大胆的麻雀溜进了一个危险的地方——我们的厨房。根据下文"And that has led them to（11）courage to slip into our house."可知，此处指这两只麻雀在我们外出的短暂时间里悄悄地进入了我们的厨房。故选A。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.proud骄傲的；B.safe安全的；C.afraid害怕的；D.sure确定的。句意：当你遇到这样的突然的来访者，你一定会觉得这是一种侵入你舒适区的行为，或者你可能会接受它，把它看作为生命中一个可爱的闪亮时刻。根据下文"sense it as an action of intruding （入侵） into your comfort zone"可知，对这个突然的来访者你一定是觉得这是一种侵入你的安全区的行为。故选D。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.keep保持；B.describe描述；C.receive接受；D.collect收集。句意：当你遇到这样的突然的来访者，你一定会觉得这是一种侵入你舒适区的行为，或者你可能会接受它，把它看作为生命中一个可爱的闪亮时刻。结合前文"sense it as an action of intruding （入侵） into your comfort zone"和or可知，此处指你或许会接受突然的来访者，把它当作生活中闪亮的时刻。故选C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.chose选择；B.hit袭击，打击；C.bit咬；D.rose升起。句意：我们毫不犹豫地选择了第二个选项。根据下文" the second option"可知，我们选择了第二个选项。故选A。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.designing设计；B.observing观察，遵循；C.managing管理，经营；D.preparing准备。句意：从我们家的窗口，我们从未停止观察它们并赞赏它们的舞蹈。根据下文"from our window"可知，我们从窗口看它们。故选B。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.vegetables蔬菜；B.fruits水果；C.goods货物；D.leftovers残留物，剩余的饭菜。句意：每顿饭后，我们用桌布上的剩余食物喂它们。根据下文"on our tablecloth after every meal"可知，饭后桌布上的是吃剩的食物。故选D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.provided提供；B.equipped装备；C.comforted安慰；D.satisfied满意。句意：并且我们在露台上给它们提供了各种各样可以栖息和玩耍的地方。根据前文"We fed them with the（9）on our tablecloth after every meal. "可知，我们喂养麻雀。由此推知，此处指我们给它们提供各种各样可以栖息的地方。短语：provide sb./sth.with sth."给……提供……"，故选A。
（10）考查副词及语境理解。A.Repeatedly重复地，再三地；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C.Undoubtedly毫无疑问地，的确地；D.Traditionally传统地。句意：毫无疑问的是，它们在我们的后院感到很自在。根据上文"we've never stopped feeling urgent to strengthen the relationship with our sparrows more and more each day."及下文"they feel at ease in our backyard"可知，我们不断地增进和麻雀们的关系，因此毫无疑问的是，麻雀在我们家的后院很自在，故选C。
（11）考查动词及语境理解。A.lose失去；B.seek寻找，寻求；C.give给；D.gather聚集。句意：这让它们鼓起勇气溜进我们家。根据上文"they feel at ease in our backyard"下文"slip into our house"可知，因为我们不断地增进和麻雀们的关系，因此毫无疑问的是，麻雀在我们家的后院很自在，而这种自在感也让它们鼓起勇气溜进了我们家的厨房，短语：gather courage"鼓起勇气"，故选D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.intruders入侵者；B.strangers陌生人；C.instructors指导者；D.breakers破坏者。句意：也许是因为它们觉得我们并不把它们当作入侵者，而是友好的邻居，它们只是时不时地留下一些废物。根据前文"sense it as an action of intruding （入侵） into your comfort zone"可知，此处指它们觉得我们并不把它们当作入侵者。故选A。
（13）考查动词及语境理解。A.forces强迫；B.draws拉，画；C.cuts切，划破；D.drives驾驶，驱使，促使。句意：最近有很多可爱的麻雀过来，它们的出现让我们摆脱了单调的日常生活，向我们展示了隐藏的美丽和魅力。结合后文" us out of our dull daily routines and shows us the hidden beauty and charm"可知此处指麻雀们的到来将作者动单调的日常生活中解放出来，并且向我们展示了（生活中）隐藏的美丽和魅力。故选B。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.agreement协定，同意；B.attention注意，专心；C.acceptance 接受；D.expression表达。句意：也许这些鸟都愿意引起我们的注意，让我们知道它们在那里。根据下文"making us know they are there"可知，此处指麻雀们认为人们很友好，因此也常常愿意引起人们的注意。故选B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.impression印象；B.expression表达，表情；C.existence存在；D.difference差异。句意：它们只要求我们不要害怕它们或者对它们的存在感到不安。根据前文"They only ask from us not to be afraid of them "可知，此处指麻雀们也希望人们不要因为它们的存在而感到不自在。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了我们外出的短暂期间，两只胆大的麻雀溜进了我家的厨房。我们与麻雀结下了深厚友谊的故事。作者由此想到，人们也应该放松去享受生活中这样平静又美好的瞬间。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】marking
【解析】（1）考查现在分词。句意：2022年7月26日上午10时03分，神舟14号机组人员进入了问天实验室舱，这是中国宇航员首次进入轨道实验室舱。指代前面句子的直接结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填marking。
（2）考查动词时态和语态。句意：CMS表示，这是宇航员在空间站停留期间首次进行空间交会和对接。空格处为It is the first time that…是固定句型，表示"某人第一次做某事"，从句常用现在完成时，本句还有被动含义。故填have been carried。
（3）考查介词。句意：在轨宇航员首次可以使用问天的气闸舱进行舱外活动。in orbit是固定搭配，表示"在轨运行"。故填in。
（4）考查副词。句意：核心模块中的节点舱通常用作EVA的出口和入口，将成为气闸舱的备用舱。修饰动词serves应用副词。故填usually。
（5）考查过去分词。句意：与节点舱相比，气闸舱有一个更大的门，这更方便宇航员进出航天器以及转移工具和维护装备。空格处为Compared with….是固定搭配在句子中做状语，表示"和……相比"，compare和逻辑主语the airlock cabin是被动关系，应使用过去分词形式，故填Compared。
（6）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：与节点舱相比，气闸舱有一个更大的门，这更方便宇航员进出航天器以及转移工具和维护装备。空格处为which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为物，关系代词在从句中充当主语。故填which。
（7）考查不可数名词。句意：与节点舱相比，气闸舱有一个更大的门，这更方便宇航员进出航天器以及转移工具和维护装备。空格处需要名词作宾语。equipment表示"设施，设备"不可数名词。故填equipment。
（8）考查动词不定式。句意：宇航员们还计划在"问天"实验舱再做一次太空讲座。空格处为be scheduled to do sth表示"计划做某事"。故填to give。
（9）考查介词。句意：作为中国空间站的主要组成部分，问天实验室模块不仅可以作为生命科学的实验平台，还可以为宇航员提供更多的生活和工作空间，还可以作为空间站关键系统的完整备份。空格处为function as…表示"发挥作为……的作用"，相当于act as。故填as。
（10）考查连词。作为中国空间站的主要组成部分，问天实验室模块不仅可以作为生命科学的实验平台，还可以为宇航员提供更多的生活和工作空间，还可以作为空间站关键系统的完整备份。空格处为not only…but （also）…表示"不但……而且……"。故填but。
这是一篇说明文，介绍了问天实验舱顺利与天宫实验室对接，为下步太空实验和太空行走奠定基础。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。

37.【答案】To improve students' awareness of saving resources，our school held a creative competition themed "From Waste to Wealth" last Sunday.【高分句型一】（比赛目的）
During the competition，representatives from each class presented their works recycled from commonly used materials like bottles or waste paper.The fantastic vases，the lovely paper cuttings and a variety of handicrafts left a deep impression on us.The live creating part received warm applause from the audience from time to time.At the end of the competition，excellent works were selected to be displayed at the art gallery of our school.（比赛过程）
We all agree it is our duty to save resources and make contributions to the sustainable development of the world.【高分句型二】（反响）
【解析】高分句型一：To improve students' awareness of saving resources，our school held a creative competition themed "From Waste to Wealth" last Sunday.
翻译：为了提高学生节约资源的意识，我们学校上周日举办了一场以"变废为宝"为主题的创意比赛。
分析：本句运用了过去分词短语themed "From Waste to Wealth"作后置定语。
高分句型二：We all agree it is our duty to save resources and make contributions to the sustainable development of the world.
翻译：我们都同意节约资源是我们的责任，为世界的可持续发展做出贡献。
分析：本句运用了agree后面省略that的宾语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。

38.【答案】I walked into the bathroom to look at my situation in a mirror.Much to my surprise and embarrassment，almost all of my hair was rolled into the drill，which was slightly attached to the side of my head.What's worse，my face was bleeding，with a long scratch across my left cheek.On thinking that my husband didn't come to help me，my anger boosted out of my chest.（描写了作者在镜子里看到的自己的狼狈的样子）
"Floss!" I screamed.Finally，I decided to call my daughter for help.The moment she saw my situation，Floss burst into tears and hugged me to comfort me.【高分句型一】 "Mom，I know you hope that we can grow plants by ourselves，and you have done so much for us." Meanwhile she helped me to loosen the drill and my hair，carefully sweeping the blood from my face.It was at that instant that I was filled with love from my daughter and realized that she seemed more like an adult to some extent than her father.【高分句型二】（描写了作者喊自己的女儿帮忙并引发感想）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者为了给孩子们准备种植园不慎把自己的头发缠到了电钻里，害怕孩子看到自己的窘态，于是打电话向丈夫求助，不幸的是，丈夫的电话没有接通。
高分句型一：The moment she saw my situation，Floss burst into tears and hugged me to comfort me.
翻译：一看到我的处境，弗洛斯就大哭起来，抱着我安慰我。
分析：本句运用了由The moment引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：It was at that instant that I was filled with love from my daughter and realized that she seemed more like an adult to some extent than her father.
翻译：就在那一刻，我充满了女儿的爱，意识到在某种程度上，她比她的父亲更像一个成年人。
分析：本句运用了强调句强调了时间状语at that instant，realized后面跟that引导的宾语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
 每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
 （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
 一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
 （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
 根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
 （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
 在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。