2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件2

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件2，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了知识准备，什么是定语从句，关系副词，Where，why，介词的选用原则等内容，欢迎下载使用。

重点：1.如何选用关系词？ 2.介词+关系代词 3.whse的用法 难点：4.as和which的使用 5.各从句夹杂定语从句的综合运用
当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。这是我的杯子This is my cup.这是装满水的杯子。This is the cup full f tea.这是我喝茶用的杯子。This is the cup which I drink tea with
什么是定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句My brther bught me a beautiful dress.He wrks very hard at his lessns.We belng t the third wrld.D yu knw the man cming t us?We must find ways t wrk ut this prblem.He is a by f nt mre than seventeen.The man wh is speaking t my father is ur headteacher.
什么是定语从句
相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。 名词/代词 + 定语从句
I thank the teacher. He helped me a lt.I thanked the teacher wh / that helped me a lt. （主语）
I knw the man whm yu are lking fr.1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
2.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有: that, which, wh, whm, whse,as关系副词有: when, where, why
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1．that 先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语（作宾语时常可省略）
The number f peple that cme t visit this city each year reaches ne millin.
2. which 先行词：物，从句成分：主语或宾语 （做宾语时常可省略）
The factry which makes cmputers is far away frm here. The film ( which ) they went t see last night was nt interesting at all.
3.wh 先行词：人，从句成分：主语,宾语（可省略）。
The bys wh are playing ftball are frm Class One.
Thse wh want t g t the museum must be at the schl gate at 7 tmrrw mrning.
4. whm 先行词：人，从句成分：宾语（常可省略）
Mr Liu is the persn ( whm ) yu talked abut n the bus.
Li Ming is just the by ( whm ) I want t see.
5. whse 先行词：人或物，从句成分：定语。
I visited a scientist whse name is knwn all ver the cuntry. I nce lived in the huse whse rf has fallen in.
指物时，常用下列结构来代替 Whse引导的从句可转换为“ f +关系代词”型，如：即whse+名词=the +n + f which He lives in the rm whse windw faces suth.= He lives in the rm, __________faces suth.
The classrm whse dr is brken will sn be repaired.
改：The classrm, the dr---?----- is brken will sn be repaired.
先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语such+名词+ as such（prn.)+ asthe same +名词 + as He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.This is the same pen as I lst yesterday. This bk is nt such as I expect.As is expected, he has been absent.
引导的定从与 引导的状从区别
This is such an interesting bk ___as_ we all like.This is s interesting a bk ___as__ we all like.This is such an interesting bk __that__we all like it.This is s interesting a bk _that___we all like it.
He is such a clever by that everyne likes him. ?He is such a clever by as everyne likes . ?
1. The huse ____ windws face t the nrth belngs t him.2. The man ______ yu met just nw is my ld friend.3. The man ____is walking n the playgrund is my ld friend.4. Take the bk ____ is lying n the table.5. She is such a girl ____ is always finding fault with ther peple.
When先行词：时间， 从句成分：时间状语I will never frget the day when we met there.I still remember the day when I first came t this schl.The time when we gt tgether finally arrived.
先行词：地点， 从句成分：地点状语This is the huse where I was brn.I visited the farm where a lt f cws were raised .Is this the place where they fught the enemy?
3. 高考对关系副词 where 的考查先行词由明显的地点—— 地点的模糊化事实上，where 不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为situatin，case，stage， pint等，且定语从句不缺成分，用where。They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.I can think f many cases where yu knw nthing abut.
先行词：原因， 从句成分：原因状语Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane.The reasn why he was punished is unknwn t us.I dn’t knw the reasn why he lks unhappy tday.
关系副词 =“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示 when = 表时间的介词（in, at,n,during等）+ whichwhere= 表地点的介词（in, at, n ,under等）+ whichwhy= 表原因的介词（fr）+ which
I still remember the day when I first came t Beijing. ( = n which)Great changes are taking place in the city where they live. （= in which）The reasn why he refused the invitatin is quite clear. （= fr which）
（三）介词+关系代词(1) 介词后的关系词只有 whm 和which, 且不能省略。 (指人） (指物）
The schl (which / that) he nce studied in is very famus.The schl in which he nce studied is very famus.
Tmrrw I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) yu asked fr.Tmrrw I’ll bring here the magazine fr which yu asked. 注意： That 前绝不能有介词
2. where/when = 介词+ 关系代词（which).有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when 前加frm 或t 等。China is the birthplace f kites, frm where kite flying spread t Japan, Krea,Thailand and India.
4. “介词+关系代词”前还可有sme, any, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each , few等代词或者数词。
He lves his parents deeply, bth f whm are very kind t him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, sme f which have gne bad.
There are frty students in ur class in all, mst f whm are frm big cities. Up t nw, he has written ten stries, three f which are abut cuntry life.
5. 在非限中，“介词+which/whm 从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句后面
He has visited Xinhua High schl fr several times, in which he has many friends.6. " 复合介词短语+ 关系代词which” 引导的定从常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句用倒装。He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tall tree.
介词的选用原则
Fill in the blanks with prper prepsitins:1.I’ll never frget the day _____ which she said gd-bye t me2. The student ______ whm we weretalking just nw is the best student in ur class. A n B in C abut D withut 3. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live. A with B withut C in D n
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句。
The teacher tld me that Tm was the nly persn that I culd depend n.
China is a cuntry which has a lng histry.
In the street I saw a man wh was frm Africa.
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mther, wh lves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was funded in 1949, is becming mre and mre pwerful. Last summer I visited the Peple’s Great Hall, in which many imprtant meetings are held every year.
注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：
1. Her brther wh is nw a sldier always encurages her tg t cllege.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brther, wh is nw a sldier, always encurages hert g t cllege.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）
2. All the bks that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）
All the bks, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
先行词为 every-/any-/sme-/n-(thing/bdy)等不定复合代词时。we shuld d smething that is useful t peple.
(2)先行词被all, every, n, sme, any, little, much等修饰时。
Yu can take any seat that is free.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 The best/first that I culd d was t aplgize.(4)先行词既有人也有物的时候。The peple and the buildings that cmes t my mind is N1 middle schl.
(5)当主语是以wh, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时.
Which is the bike that yu lst?Wh is the by that wn the gld media?(6)先行词被the nly, the very, the last修饰时。This is the very bk that I’m lking fr. After the fire in his huse, the ld car is the nly thing that he wns.
(二）只用which引导的定语从句
（1）引导非限制性定语从句（2） 代表整个句子的意思 He had failed in the math exam, which made his father very angry.（3）介词+关系代词This is the rm in which my father lived last year.
（4）先行词后面有插入语时，只用which，不用that。Here is the English grammar bk which, as I've tld yu, will help yu imprve yur English.
（三）关系代词as和which 引导的定语 从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 相同之处：
1. 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He married her, as / which was natural. He is hnest, as / which we can see.
不同点：（1）位置 as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
He is frm the suth, as we can knw frm his accent.
Jhn, as yu knw, is a famus writer.
Zhang Hua has been t Paris mre than ten times, which I dn’t believe.
As is knwn t all, China is a develping cuntry.
（2）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tm was late fr schl again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
These tables are made f metal, which made them very heavy.
(3)先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，用as， 如： be knwn, be said, be reprted, be annunced, be mentined 等She has been absent again, as is expected.
（4）当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。
I’ve never heard such stries as he tells.
He is nt such a fl as he lks.
This is the same dictinary as I lst last week.
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wre the same dress that she wre at Mary’s wedding.
She wre the same dress as her yunger sister wre.
(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way (that / in which/不填 ) he answered the questins was surprising. 不同：The way ( that/ which/ 不填）he explained t us was quite simple.
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.
A. I knw a place where we can have a picnic.
I knw a place which / that is famus fr its beautiful natural scenery.
B. I will never frget the days when we spent ur hlidays tgether.
I will never frget the days that / which we spenttgether.
C. This is the reasn why he was dismissed.
This is the reasn that / which he explained t me frhis nt attending the meeting.
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
区别一：定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系； 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear.
The plane that has just taken ff is fr Paris.
区别二：定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，有时可省
同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；
有时也由where, when, hw, wh, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he tld me is true.
The news that he has just died is true.
The prblem that we are facing nw is hw we can cllect s much mney.
The prblem hw we can cllect s much mney is difficult t slve.
The questin that he raised puzzled all f us.
The questin whether he is sure t win the game is hard t answer.
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。
A. The idea that we culd ask the teacher fr advice is wnderful.
The idea was that we culd ask the teacher fr advice.
B. The fact that the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all.
The fact is that the earth mves arund the sun.C. Pay attentin t the prblem hw we can prtect the wild animals. The prblem is hw we can prtect the wild animals.
1. Drthy was always speaking highly f her rle in the play, f curse, _____ made the thers unhappy.A. which B. wh C. thisD. what
2. After living in Paris fr fifty years he returned t the small twn _______ he grew up as a child.A. which B. when C. that D. where
3. The gentleman _______ yu tld me yesterday prved t be a thief.A. wh B. abut whm C. whm D. with whm
4. Please take any seat ____ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that
5. The ld man has tw sns, _______ is a sldier.A. ne f whm B. bth f them C. all f whm D. nne f them
6. This is the ship _______ we crssed the Pacific(太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which
7. New Yrk is famus fr its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has mre than 100 streys.A. the higher f them B. the highest f whichC. the highest f them D. sme f which
8. My hme village is n lnger the same _____ it used t be.A. which B. as C. where D. when
9. In the ffice I never seem t have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many peple have gne hme.A. whse time B. that C. at which D. by which time
10. The by ______ cmpsitin wn the first prize is the yungest in the grup.A. wh B. whse C. thatD. which
11. The weather turned ut t be very gd, ______ was mre than we culd expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it
12. Mr. Wang is a bss, ______ factry Li Ping wrked.A. in whse B. whse C. in whm D. f which
13. I dn't like the way_____ yu speak t her.A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C
14. I shall never frget the years _______ I lived in the cuntry with the farmers, —————— has a gd effect n my life.A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, wh
15. _____ is knwn t all, China will be an advanced and pwerful cuntry in 20 r 30 year’s time.A. What B. That C. As D. It
16. Is this bk _____ yu want t brrw frm the library?A. that B. which C. the ne D. /
17. Such a bk ______ yu shwed me is difficult t understand.A. that B. which C. as D. like
18. The speaker spke f sme writers and sme bks _____ were ppular then.A. / B. that C. which D. wh
19. This is the stre ______ we visited the famus shp assistants.A. where B. there C. that D. which
20. I’m ging t spend my hliday in Beijing, _____ live my ld parents.A. which B. that C. where D. there
21. If a shp has chairs ______ wmen can park their men, wmen will spend mre time in the shp.A. that B. which C. when D. where
22.—why des she always ask yu fr help?—there is n ne else ______, is there?A. wh t turn t B. she can turn tC. fr whm t turn D. fr her t turn