2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解攻略课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解攻略课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了本节内容概述，巩固练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解
高考英语题型分类破解攻略
本节内容概述
□阅读理解题型及解答策略在历年高考英语中，阅读理解部分所占分值最大；2020年新高考改革后阅读理解题分值有所变化，ABC三篇阅读理解共10道题，每题2.5分，共25分。较之前的考题减少5分，但单个题目的分值增大，由原来的2分，增加为现在的2.5分。可见提高阅读理解正确率的重要性。若想要提高正确率，高考英语阅读理解题型和答题的技巧与方法，了解是必要的。高考英语阅读理解题型一般包括：细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意、观点态度等。本章节将按照上述题型，通过历年高考英语真题实例，分类归纳总结，旨在提高学生的阅读理解水平。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
阅读理解题型及解答策略
*.《英语考试大纲》要求1. 理解主旨和要义； 2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4. 做出简单判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构； 6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题 1. 细节理解题通常会针对某个特定的细节出题，题型可以多样化。一般有两种类型：一是直接理解题，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同义转换题，正确答案项是由原文相关词汇释义而来。做该类试题一般要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题 2. 设问形式：常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误，即是非判断题。如下：（1）Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage? （2）Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? （3）Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? （4）All the following statements are NOT true except _______. （5）What can we learn from the passage?
阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题 For Canaan elementary second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.What made Chris nervous?A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
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阅读理解题型及解答策略
一.细节理解题 解析：这是一道典型的细节理解题。通过题目中的nervous ，定位到原文：文中第二段第一句话But he's nervous。 以及第一段中：today is speech day , and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.以及第二段中a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.可知：他是英语为非母语的演讲者，公众英文演讲感到紧张。故此题选B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 1.在高考英语阅读理解中，词句猜测题是一类很重要的题型，主要考查学生的猜测能力和判断能力。词句猜测题包括：词义猜测、代词指代和句意猜测题。解题过程中，考生会遇到两个障碍：一是单词都认识却不知道句意；二是单词完全陌生，出现理解困难或理解偏差，影响阅读效率。这就要求学生要树立起语境观念，从上下文着手”顺藤摸瓜”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 2.设问形式（1） Which of the following is the closest meaning to the word？（2） The word... could best be replaced by.（3） In the... paragraph, the word... means （refers to）.（4） According to the passage,... probably means.（5） The author uses the word... to mean.
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 3.解题思路（1）根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测；根据同位关系进行猜测；根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测；根据同义词、反义词猜测；根据转折或对比关系等来猜测。（2）代词指代题：首先从宏观上充分把握代词（it, them, those等）指代所在的段落或前文表达的含义；其次，从微观入手抓住关键词，理顺逻辑关系，从而推断代词指代的内容。（3）句意猜测题：在阅读原文的基础上，对划线的句子进行语法及语义上的准确分析，从原文意义出发对划线句子做恰当符合逻辑的推理判断。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 4.猜测词义的方法：针对性解释型（1）根据定义猜测词义：如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。例如：Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.分析：由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 4.猜测词义的方法：针对性解释型（2）根据举例猜测词义：恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。例如： The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.分析：根据such as后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。（1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as,resemble等。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型（1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests分析：根据对比关系，这里hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型（2）根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。例如：feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.”The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_______” .A. full of respect B. too confident and rude C. lacking in experience D. too shy and quiet 分析：根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 5.猜测词义的方法：内在逻辑关系型（3）根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。例如：William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together.” The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. simple B. mixed C. sad D. happy分析：句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 6.猜测词义的方法：构词法型（1）根据前缀猜测词义例如：Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational，结合前缀co-，我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。（2）根据后缀猜测词义例如：It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial，不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 6.猜测词义的方法：构词法型（3）根据复合词的各部分猜测词义。例如：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft no longer exists. 根据合成词中的mass和produce，我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。（4）猜测词性变换新词含义。例如：I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. cloud本为名词。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为“使难以……”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 7.猜测词义的方法：生活常识型运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。 例如：Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither是“枯萎”。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 【即时练习】I am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” ?A. provider B. delivery man C. collector D. medical doctor
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阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 【即时练习】解析：本题可以根据上下文解释进行猜测。根据划线词courier所在处后面的内容 I’ve done 89 trips和I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box可知：作者已经进行了89次远行；作者还有42小时运送小箱子里的干细胞。由此推断作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是delivery man。本题原文中的trip（旅行）,carry（随身携带）是推理courier的关键词。答案A . provider 为供应者； B. delivery man送货员；C. collector 收藏者；D. medical doctor 医师；故选B。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 【即时练习】But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” Chris trips on the“-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for…me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pausesB. Bad manners C. Spelling mistakes D. Silly jokes
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阅读理解题型及解答策略
二.词义猜测题 【即时练习】解析：首先定位stumbles，找到Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well（除去一些…，他做得非常到位）,遵循词不离句的原则，找到前一句But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”说明Chirs演讲时时nervous（紧张的），说话的内容中should连续两个词重复，关键的动词trip原意为“绊倒”，此处隐身为“说话结巴”。选项中A. Improper pauses不恰当的停顿；B. Bad manners不礼貌； C. Spelling mistakes 拼写错误；D. Silly jokes愚蠢的笑话，很明显，说话结巴，磕磕绊绊不顺畅，即为不恰当的停顿。所以答案为A。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题1.高考阅读理解推理判断题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文字背后隐含的意义和深层意思，即通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知信息去推断出作者没有直接表达出来的深层意思。推理判断隐含意义不仅要求考生能够读懂文章中设题处相关的每个句子信息，还要求考生能够推理他们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，得出言外之意，从而揭示文章的内涵意义。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题2.设问形式：（1）It can be inferred/implied from the text that_______.（2）What do we know about...?（3）We can infer from... that_____.（4）What does the author mean that...?
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题3.解题思路：推理判断题的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以选项有原文句意的句子一般都是错误选项，可以先排除。推理时务必要准确定位并忠于原文，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，找到作者的言外之意。切忌妄加评论、主观臆断，更不可望文生义。除此之外，还要注意几点误区：原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论；文中无关紧要或片面的结论；与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论；不合常理或不合逻辑的推论；虽然符合常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。考生一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论；二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.A. help students see their own strengthsB. assess students’ public speaking skillsC. prepare students for their future jobsD. inspire students’ love for politics
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阅读理解题型及解答策略
三.推理判断题解析：此题为推理判断题。根据题干“Whaley’s project”进行定位，找到文章中的对应句：Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves。该句中意为：Whaley说，这个项目不仅仅是在公共场合学习阅读和演讲。他希望这些孩子学会自我夸赞。答案中：A. help students see their own strengths 帮助学生看到自己的长处；B. assess students’ public speaking skills评价学生的公众说话技巧；C. prepare students for their future jobs让学生为未来的工作准备；D. inspire students’ love for politics激发学生对政治的热爱，显然选项A是设题处的高度概括，故选A.
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题1.高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查考生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。这类题目考查方式为：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题2.设问方式（1）标题归纳题：<1>What may/can be the best title for the text?<2>The best title for the text would be______.<3>Which of the following can be the best title for the text?<4>What might be the most suitable title for the text?
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题2.设问方式（2）主题归纳题：<1>The main idea of the passage is…<2>The passage is mainly about…<3>Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?<4>What is the passage mainly about?
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题3.解题思路（1）主题归纳题：归纳总结主题包括对整篇文章和对段落的大意总结。对整篇文章的大意总结一是需要利用文章的主题段来把握文章的中心思想。主题段通常出现在文章开头和结尾。对段落大意的总结和概括主要通过寻找主题句的方法来完成。主题句因文章不同，位置各异，具体如下：主题句在开头：先提出观点，再举例论证或细节解释观点；主题句在末尾：先表述细节或举例，再归纳结论或结果；主题句在中间：开头先介绍背景或细节，中间综合或概括出主题，后面再用具体的事实进一步说明或发展前面的主题；主题句首尾呼应：开头点出主题，中间加以解释，末尾再次强调主题或对前面的事实做出进一步的概括，虽然前后主题中心思想一致，但表述不尽相同；无主题句：注意反复出现的关键词，再进行归纳总结。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题3.解题思路（2）标题归纳题：在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：<1>首先要在对原文理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。<2>确定文章标题时要注意容易犯的几个错误：涵盖内容片面，以偏概全；标题过于笼统，过于概括；标题集中在一些文章的事实或细节而没有对文章的中心思想有一个提升和概括；选标题时要站在作者和原文的角度理解，忌主观臆断。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion lie? Are we, as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran, “So I want to continue those dialogue. Those are the things I want to foster.”Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Exploring the Future of jazz. B. The Rise and Fall of jazz. C. The Story of a jazz Musician. D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.
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阅读理解题型及解答策略
四.主旨大意题解析：该题为主旨大意题。通读全文后找出文章首段的中心句：UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures. 该句意为：联合国教科文组织最近将4月30日定为世界爵士乐日，以提高人们对爵士乐的认识，认识爵士乐的重要性，认识爵士乐作为跨文化统一声音的潜力。但通过后文可知，这项措施收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。所以本文主要讨论了爵士乐的未来。A项探索爵士乐的未来符合文意，故A为正确选项。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题1.高考阅读理解中观点态度题是常见题型。考查学生把握作者及文中人物的态度、思想倾向。对某一观点是支持还是反对或对某一观点持积极态度还是消极态度；对文中提及的人或事等是褒扬、同情、漠不关心还是厌恶憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能体现情感态度的修饰词去推理作者及文中人物的态度和思想倾向。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题2.设问形式（1）What’s the writer’s attitude to …?（2）What’s the tone of the passage?（3）The author’s view is _______（4）The writer’s attitude of .this passage is apparently _________（5）The author’s opinion could be best described as_________（6）Which of the following statements would the author be LEAST /MOST likely to agree with?（7）Which of the following statements indicates the author’s attitude toward ____?
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题3.解题思路首先通读全文或全段，理解文章或段落的内容和大意。其次，找到体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例，同时注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词等关键词。考生应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题4. 常见表示作者各类态度的形容词：（1）表客观的词：objective, impartial（公正的）, neutral, disinterested（无私的）, unbiased, unprejudiced, factual（事实的，实际的）, informative（提供信息的）;（2）表主观偏见的词：subjective, prejudiced, biased, partial（偏见的）;（3）表漠不关心的词：indifferent, uninterested, carefree, unconcerned;（4）表困惑迷茫的词：confused, perplexed, puzzled, ambiguous;（5）表态度较深的词：enthusiastic, strong, completely, radical（激进的）;（6）表态度谨慎的词：preserved, qualified, tempered, guarded（有保留的，谨慎的）;
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题4. 常见表示作者各类态度的形容词：（7）表态度积极的词：positive, favorable, consent（赞成）, supportive，defensive（辩护的）, optimistic, confident, respectful, approval, sympathetic, humorous, sober（清醒的）;（8）表消极意义的词：negative, critical, sarcastic, worried, pessimistic, apprehensive（忧虑的）, opposed, suspicious, doubtful, ironic, disapproval, objection, opposition, criticism, indignant;
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题4. 考生在做题时要特别关注文章的措辞，尤其注意那些能表明感情色彩的词，如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fortunately, excessively, too many等，领悟作者的写作态度。另外,要注意干扰项常常具有三个特点：（1）可能是考生自己的某种观点；（2）社会普遍的一种倾向，文中没有信息支持；（3）与本文无关或与作者相反的观点等；（4）注意区分作者态度与引用别人的态度。
阅读理解题型及解答策略
五.观点态度题After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displacedby human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources for the wolf — grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.
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巩固练习
巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
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巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.2. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
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巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.3. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
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巩固练习·Passage 1
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.4. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
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巩固练习·Passage 1·解析
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。【4题详解】主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market. C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
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巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
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巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
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巩固练习·Passage 2
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year” says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
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巩固练习·Passage 2·解析
本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则-谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。【3题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.1. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
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巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.2. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library. B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories. D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
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巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.3. What does the author call on other writers to do?A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media. C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
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巩固练习·Passage 3
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writingC. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library
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巩固练习·Passage 3·解析
本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。【4题详解】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。
本节内容小结
阅读理解题型及解答策略