2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件2

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习定语从句课件2，共21页。PPT课件主要包含了引导词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

在复合句(包括主句和从句)中，修饰主句某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句(起形容词的作用，在句中作定语；也可称之为形容词性从句)。 She has gne hme. She will stay at hme fr a week. ---- She has gne hme where she will stay fr a week.
She has gne hme where she will stay fr a week.
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词hme；紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句的词叫引导词where；定语从句放在先行词的后面where she will stay fr a week.
关系代词：wh, whm, whse, that,which (what不能引导定语从句)关系副词：when, where, why (hw不用来引导定语从句)
1. 定语从句前必须有先行词 （作主语、宾语、表语或补足语），否则就不没有说明或修饰的中心内容。 2. 关系代词和关系副词连接先行词和定语从句，起联系作用，同时在定语从句中担任一定的句子成分（但翻译时不译出来）。 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
注意：hw虽然可以表方式，但是它不能引导定语从句来修饰way,而要用that或以in which的形式引导定语从句。
I dn’t knw the way that (in which) I can slve this prblem.
1. I shall never frget the day when (=n which) we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。2.The rain came at a time when (=at which) it was nt needed. 雨下得不是时候。3. This is the cmputer where (=by/n which) he has stlen tp-secret dcuments. 这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。4. Here is the place where (=at which) the murder tk place. 这就是谋杀发生的地方。5. He didn’t give any reasn why (=fr which) I had been fired. 他没给任何解雇我的理由6. This is the huse where (=in which) my parents used t live. 这就是我父母以前住过的房子。
（1）在非正式场合， that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词+which”，而且经常全部省略，如：In all the years that (=when/during which) I was at cllage 在我读大学的那些年里the reasn that(=why/fr which)he is nt happy 他不高兴的理由The directin(that)(=in which )the heavenly bdies mve can’t be changed. 天体运行的方向是不可改变的。He is unppular because peple dn’t like the ffensive way (that)(=in which) he talks. 他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。
（2）用关系代词还是用关系副词： 关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词，一、要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分；二、要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因；三、要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。 所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。
This is the rm where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year. 这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当地点状语）This is the rm(that /which)we’ll celebrate the New Year in. 这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当介词宾语，可省略。）This is the rm which /that will be used fr the celebratin f the New Year. 这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。（充当主语）This is the rm (which/that) we’ll use fr the New Year dinner party. 这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。（充当宾语，可省略。）The reasn (that /which) he had given was nt sund enugh. 他给的理由不够充分。（充当宾语，可省略）The reasn why/fr which he had dne that was nt sund enugh. 他做那件事的理由不够充分。（充当原因状语）This is the huse where she lives.这是她住的房子。
（3）定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时，从句的动作与主句的同时发生，那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。Anyne wh/that tuches the wire will get an electric shck. 任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。（不用will tuch）I wuld give her anything that she asked fr. 她要什么我就给她什么。（不用wuld ask）
The first persn wh/that pens the dr will get a shck. 第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。（不用will pen）There will be a special price fr anybdy wh rders a suit in the next tw weeks. 任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。（不用will rder）但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时，如： Thse wh will g abrad fr training next year will start learning English tmrrw. 那些明年出国受训的人员，将从明天开始学习外语。
①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，常用that，而不用which： Edisn was ne f the greatest inventrs that ever lived. 爱迪生是曾经有过的最伟大的发明家之一。 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。 She was the greatest wman that/wh has ever lived. 她是曾经有过的最伟大的女人。
②先行词有the same, the very, the first, the last, all, n, the nly, much, little, nne, any, every等时，常用that, 而不用which： He was the first man that we saw in the village. 他是我们在那个村子里看到的第一个人。 There is little that is interesting. 没什么令人感兴趣。 I still remember the first time that we met. 我仍然记得我们第一次见面的时候。 I’ll d anything (that) I can t help yu. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。 Everything that can be dne has been dne. 能做的一切都做了。
③当先行词既有人又有物时，用that，不用which，如：We were deeply impressed by the wrkers and their wrking cnditins that we had visited. 我们参观过的工人及他们的工作条件留下了深刻印象。We listened t him talk abut the men and bks that interested him。 我们听他谈论他感兴趣的人物和书籍。
④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导，如：Let’s discuss nly such questins as cncern us. 让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。 I’ve never heard such stries as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。 I shall be surprised if he des this in the same way as I d. 如果他做这件事的方法和我一样，那就奇怪了。 She wrks in the same ffice as I d. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 She wears the same kind f clthes as her sister des. 她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。
在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导，偶尔，the same 后面也用that。
He’s wearing the same suit that he wre at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 She wrks in the same ffice that I d. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 This is the same watch that I have lst. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接下列句型。如：as is knwn, as is said, as is reprted as is annunced 等。 As we all knw, Mr. Wang is a gd teacher. As is knwn t all, the earth revlves rund the sun. He is tired, as yu can see. As I expected, he didn’t believe me.
As 引导非限定性定语从句时与which的区别：当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which。 He made a lng speech, as was expected. He made a lng speech, which was unexpected. Tm drinks a lt every day, which his wife desn’t like at all.
⑤在“介词+关系代词”的结构中，也可用复杂介词，如：by means f （用，依靠），as a result f （作为结果）等： I have three children, ne daughter and tw sns, all f whm graduated frm the same university . 我有三个孩子：一个女儿、两个儿子，他们都毕业于同一所大学。 The plice, in whm I have great cnfidence, are trying t find ut wh did it. 我对警察有极大的信心，他们正在努力寻找是谁做的这件事。 This is the part f the river in which I like t swim. （in which=where） 我喜欢在这条河里面游泳，这就是（我喜欢游的）那个地方。 The man frm whm yu bught the huse is my uncle. 你从他那里买下房子的那个人是我叔叔。 This is the desk by means f which he jumped ver the wall. 这就是他用来跳过墙去的那张桌子。 She was running a fever, as a result f which she failed in the exam. 她当时正发烧，所以考试失败了。 He is the man frm whse huse the picture was stlen. 他就是那个家里的画被偷了的人。