2023届高考英语二轮复习名词性从句课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习名词性从句课件，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了考点精讲，难点释疑，解题策略，what　，how　，易错聚焦，达标检测，whether　，whatever　，who　等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1．主语从句it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)It＋be＋形容词(bvius，true，natural，surprising，imprtant，gd，wnderful，funny，pssible，likely，certain，prbable，etc．)＋that从句。
(2)It＋be＋名词词组(n wnder，an hnr，a gd thing，a pity，n surprise，etc．)＋that从句。(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，reprted，thught，expected，decided，annunced，arranged，etc．)＋that从句。It is imprtant that this missin (shuld) nt fail.这项使命不失败至关重要。(4)It ＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋ that从句。It desn’t matter whether yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
2．表语从句(1)because引导的表语从句强调原因，而why引导的表语从句强调结果。If I’m a bit sleepy，it’s because I was up all night.如果我有点困，是因为一夜没睡。That’s why I bject t the plan.这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
(2)由as if/as thugh引导的表语从句Nw it was as thugh she had knwn Millie fr years.现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
3．宾语从句(1)形式宾语it：在动词find，feel，cnsider，make，believe，think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty f water every day.我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。(2)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句，需要借助形式宾语it。常见的动词有like，dislike，hate，lve，enjy，appreciate等。He hates it when peple use his bike.他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
4．同位语从句(1)分隔式同位语从句The news gt abut that he had wn a car in the lttery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。(2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进一步解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had wn the game sn spread ver the whle schl.他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)The news (that) yu tld me yesterday was really disappinting.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
特别提示：that，what引导名词性从句的区别：that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，定语，what表示“什么……”；“……的东西或事情”。请比较：What I need is mre time. (what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)That I need mre time t d the wrk is very clear. (that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)
The village is n lnger what it used t be. (what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)I had n idea what we shuld d next. (what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in Lndn. (what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)
1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。(1)与r或r nt连用时只能用whether。(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。I wrry abut whether he can pass thrugh the crisis f his illness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。
2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。It remains t be seen whether the newly frmed cmmittee’s plicy can be put int practice.新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。
1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。“Every time yu eat a sweet，drink green tea．”This is what my mther used t tell me.“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。
2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论哪一个/哪一些”。Whever wants t stay in a htel has t pay their wn way.任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
特别提示：“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。Whatever yu say，I will nt believe yu. (让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。但“n matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
难点一　that与what引导名词性从句的区别that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思是“……的东西或表情；什么样的”。
That he failed in the test again really puzzled us.他又一次没通过考试，这真让我们感到迷惑不解。(that在主语从句中不作成分，不可以省略)These phtgraphs will shw yu what ur village lks like.这些照片将向你展示我们村的面貌。(what在宾语从句中作介词like的宾语)
难点二　wh-与wh-ever引导名词性从句的区别连接词what，which，wh分别表示“……的东西或事情；什么……”“哪一个”“谁”，表示疑问含义；而whatever，whichever，whever分别相当于anything that，any… that，anyne wh，意为“无论……”，强调一切情况。试比较：What yu chse t wear shuld be clean.你选择穿的衣服应该是干净的。Whatever yu chse t wear shuld be clean.无论你选择穿什么，你的衣服应该是干净的。
难点三：不能省略that的情况
名词性从句解题三步走第一步：根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构判断是否是名词性从句。第二步：一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连接词。若从句中缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语，用连接代词；若缺少状语就用连接副词。第三步：如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整就用that。
【典例1】　The shpkeeper did nt want t sell fr ______ he thught was nt enugh. 解析： 介词fr后缺成分，he thught作插入语，而且was前缺主语。在这种情况下用what，what可分解为the price that，原句可转化为“The shpkeeper did nt want t sell fr the price that he thught was nt enugh．”。
【典例2】 Massive Open Online Curses，called MOOCs, are changing ______ peple learn in many places.解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语从句中的方式状语，即“怎样学习”，故应用hw。
1．语序问题(误)These pictures shw yu what des ur village lk like. (正)These pictures shw yu what ur village lks like. 宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。(误) D yu think which f these is the mst useful inventin?(正)Which f these d yu think is the mst useful inventin?在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。
2．what和that的运用(误)America was that was first called “India” by Clumbus.(正)America was what was first called “India” by Clumbus.在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。另外，我们可以把what解释为：the＋名词＋that/which。
3．whether和if的运用(误) If we’ll hld the party has nt been decided yet.(正) Whether we’ll hld the party has nt been decided yet.whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。
4．连接词的使用易受汉语干扰(误)The reasn why I was late is because I was trapped in the traffic jam.(正)The reasn why I was late is that I was trapped in the traffic jam.第一句通过提取简化可得出：The reasn is because… 在英语中显然造成了重复现象。
Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2020·浙江卷)Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n ______ culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild，and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
2．(2020·天津卷改编)The student cmpleted this experiment t make cme true ______ Prfessr Jseph had said. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个学生完成了该实验，使约瑟夫教授所说的话成为现实。make sth. cme true“使……成为现实”，本句中sth．较长，故放到了cme true之后。分析句子结构可知，make后缺宾语，故空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作had said的宾语因此应用what引导该从句。
3．(2020·江苏卷改编)It is nt a prblem _________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter f time. 解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。句中nt a prblem暗示空格处表示“是否”。故填whether。
4．(2020·江苏卷改编)This actr ften has the first tw tricks planned befre perfrming, and then ges fr __________. 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知，此处做ges fr的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever“无论什么”符合语境。
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m nt sure _____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定谁更害怕，我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示“谁”，故用wh。
6．(全国Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly _____ thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days. 解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词。故填hw。
7．(广东)We were tld that ur rms hadn’t been reserved fr that week, but fr the week after. I didn’t understand _____ this wuld happen and my credit card had already been charged fr the reservatin. 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。由语境可知，此处意为：我不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。
8．(广东)The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds and all the ther students wndered ______ the by wuld d. 解析：所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作d的宾语。故填what。
9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare nrth f 88°，there is evidence ______ they range all the way acrss the Arctic，and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. 解析：考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容。故填that。
10．(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have btained mre evidence ______ plastic is finding its way int the human bdy. 解析：考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。
Ⅱ．单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．(全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the wner f a restaurant clse t that I live.that→where解析：由句子结构可知，介词t之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)After lking at the ty fr sme time, he turned arund and fund where his parents were missing.where→that或去掉where解析：句意为：……他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。
3．(四川)If yu ntice that when smene is missing r hurt, tell yur teacher immediately.去掉when解析：that 后为陈述式的宾语从句。作ntice的宾语，从句意义完整且不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned ut t be very useful later in my life.where→when解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
5．(大纲全国)This is hw I need t imprve in the future.hw→what/where解析：imprve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内容(what)”。
6．(辽宁)“He has ruined his health. We are wrried abut him.” That is which ther teachers say.which→what解析：what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。
Ⅲ．语法填空I am ging t tell yu an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant tday.This afternn a prly-dressed gentleman came int my restaurant. Nbdy knew 1._____ he was. We wndered 2._____ he was s hungry. We were surprised 3._____ he finished tw rders f fd in a very limited time. We dubted 4.___________ the man was able t pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.___________ we wuld mind waiting fr just a few minutes. Then we were shcked t see 6.______ he tk ut f a millin pund bank nte.
whether/if　
I asked Mr. Clements 7._____________ it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because tw f this amunt had been issued by the Bank f England this year. He thught 8._______ the gentleman shwed them culdn’t be a a gentleman with a millin pund bank nte was in rags and ate in ur small restaurant was a big puzzle t all the peple there. I really culdn’t describe 10.______ excited I was.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位衣衫褴褛的人走进一家餐馆，在非常有限的时间完成了两份食物。当人们怀疑这个人是否付得起食物的钱时，他拿出了一张百万英镑的钞票。Clements先生说这个面额的两张钞票是今年英国银行发行的，这一张不可能是假的。
解析：1．句意：没有人知道他是谁。wh引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语。故根据句意和语法结构填wh。2．句意：我们想知道为什么他这么饿。why引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语。故填why。3．此宾语从句意义完整，从句中也不缺成分，故用that引导。4．通常在否定句和疑问句中dubt后接从句时用that引导，而在肯定句中dubt后用whether或if引导。故填whether/if。
5．根据语境此用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。6．see后的宾语从句中句子结构完整，故用that引导。7．根据语境，此应用whether/if“是否”引导宾语从句。故填whether/if。8．shw后接双宾语shw sb. sth．，用what作其宾语，同时又引导主语从句。故填what“……东西/事情”。9．根据下文的a big puzzle的暗示，此处应填引导主语从句的why。10．句意：我真的不能描述我有多激动。此hw为引导宾语从句的连接副词，其作状语修饰形容词excited。故填hw。
Ⅳ．短文改错I am s glad yu can visit me in Lndn. Knwing that yu’ve never travel utside f Asia，I’d tell yu a bit abut yu can expect t find. When I first arrived, I fund that Lndn is such a internatinal city. There are many Chinese restaurants, s British peple hardly eat Chinese fd fr breakfast. Mst f them get used t bacn r egg with a few slices f tast. Tipping always puzzles me.
If yu want t avid t getting cnfused, yu shuld always leave 10% f the bill t the service. Besides，it’s very difficult fr ur Chinese t understand British humur. S dn’t be surprised when yu dn’t think anything is funny. The majrity f British peple is friendly. Anyway, I am s lking frward t yur visit there.
Ⅴ．增分写作训练利用从句可以使作文句式灵活多变，使句子生动，请按要求利用三大从句升级以下句式1．We are delighted t accept the invitatin t play a friendly table tennis match, and it will n dubt strengthen ur friendship. (利用非限制性定语从句升级)We are delighted t accept the invitatin t play a friendly table tennis match, which will n dubt strengthen ur friendship.
2．My classmates and I ften nticed shared bikes were placed very messily everywhere, s we felt upset and decided t d smething. (利用s… that… 引导状语从句升级)My classmates and I ften nticed shared bikes were placed s messily everywhere that we felt upset and decided t d smething.