2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点06 宾语从句

核心考点06  宾语从句

一、考向分析

宾语从句是中考必考的语法项目，每年各个省市的中考题都能渉及到这方面的题型，主要考查三个方面的内容：语序，连接词和时态。

宾语从句重点考查四个方面，即：时态、语序、引导词和人称。

二、考点详解

一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。

She asked if these answers were right.

二、宾语从句三要素

引导词（连接词）   语 序 时 态

三、重难点掌握

（一）引导词

1． 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

e.g.1. I hear (that) you passed the exam.

2. He said (that) his father was a singer.

3. The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.

2． 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句（重点掌握）

由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句

if/ whether "是否"，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。

1. I want to know whether/if he is right.

2. I Ask him whether/if he likes me_.

3. I wonder _whether/if we can get there.

4. Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?

◆只能用whether不能用if的情况

1.在介词后面：

I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.

We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.

2.在动词不定式前：

They asked me whether to go skating.

3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don't know whether he's free or not.

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me whether you'd like to go shopping or tidy the room.

4.宾语从句提前时：

Whether this is true or not, I can't say.

3．由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which, what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。

这些代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

1. He asked who the man is.

2. Do you know whose book it is?

3. He asked what he could do for that.

4. Do you know which answer is the best?

5. Please tell me where the right way is.

6. Can you tell me how we can get there?

7. Could you tell me when we should meet?

（二）语序：陈述句语序

即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

Do you remember (他多大岁数)?

当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What's wrong?

What's the matter?

What's happening?

What happened?

eg :I don't know what's the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

（三）时态：

1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等"现在"范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。

I want to know what time he got up this morning.

He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.

They are saying that they really like this city.

2、主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

Kate said there was a box under the desk.

They asked what he was doing then.

She asked whether I had seen her before.

3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

He told me the earth moves around the sun.

4、从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

三、真题再现

一、单项选择

1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Excuse me, do you know ________ buy some medicine? I’ve got a cold.

A．where can I B．where I can C．what can I D．what I can

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：打扰了，你知道我去哪里能买到药吗？我感冒了。

考查宾语从句。宾语从句首先根据句意，去哪里买药，所以特殊疑问词应该是where，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，主谓语序，所以应该是where I can。故选B。

2．（2021·西藏·中考真题）— I don’t know ________.

— At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday.

A．when the video meeting finished B．when did the video meeting finish

C．where the video meeting finished D．where did the video meeting finish

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：——我不知道视频会议什么时候结束。     ——昨天下午3点。

考查宾语从句。根据英语语法，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，B、D选项可排除。根据答句“At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday”可知，此处是在对时间进行提问，故宾语从句应用when引导，故选A。

3．（2021·西藏·中考真题）I wonder if he ________ time tomorrow；if he ________ free, I’ll invite him to give a speech in our school.

A．will have; is B．has; will be C．will; have D．has;   is

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：我想知道是否明天他有时间。如果他有空，我会邀请他在我们学校演讲。

考查动词的时态。动词“wonder”后是“if ”引导宾语从句，表达“是否明天他有时间”,根据“tomorrow” 可知从句是一般将来时，动词用“will have”。后半句是“if”引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表示将来，表达“如果他有空”，be动词用“is”。故选A。

4．（2021·辽宁沈阳·中考真题）—Do you know ________

—In the 1960s.

A．where Havoc in Heaven was created B．when Havoc in Heaven was created

C．where was Havoc in Heaven created D．when was Havoc in Heaven created

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：——你知道《大闹天宫》是什么时候创作的吗？——在20世纪60年代。

考查宾语从句。where Havoc in Heaven was created《大闹天宫》是在哪里创作的，陈述语序；when Havoc in Heaven was created《大闹天宫》是什么时候创作的，陈述语序；where was Havoc in Heaven created《大闹天宫》是在哪里创作的，疑问语序；when was Havoc in Heaven created《大闹天宫》是什么时候创作的，疑问语序。根据句意可知，空处的句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，故排除C、D项；根据答语“In the 1960s.”可知，应是问《大闹天宫》是什么时候创作的。故选B。

5．（2021·山东青岛·中考真题）There are many kinds of books in the library and you can choose ________ you like.

A．however B．whenever C．whoever D．whatever

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：图书馆里有很多种书，你可以选择你喜欢的任何书。

考查单词辨析。however无论如何；whenever无论何时；whoever无论谁；whatever无论什么。分析句子“you can choose...you like.”可知，此句是一个宾语从句；再者根据“you like”可知，like缺少宾语，因此用whatever引导宾语从句。故选D。

6．（2021·山东济南·中考真题）—Excuse me. Do you know ________

—Yes. You can go to Furong Street.

A．where I can get some local snacks B．where does the boy come from

C．when can we travel to Hong Kong D．when did Jimmy come to Jinan

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：——打扰一下，你知道哪里可以买到当地的小吃吗？——是的，你可以去芙蓉街。

考查宾语从句。where I can get some local snacks 我在哪里可以买到当地的小吃，陈述语序；where does the boy come from这个男孩来自哪里，疑问语序；when can we travel to Hong Kong 我们什么时候可以去香港，疑问语序；when did Jimmy come to Jinan吉米什么时候来济南，疑问语序。根据句意可知，空出的句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序。故选A。

7．（2021·内蒙古内蒙古·中考真题）—Jerry, could you remember ________?

—Have you forgotten we agreed to go to the Summer Palace?

A．where we are going to after the exam B．where are we going to after the exam

C．where are we going after the exam D．where we are going after the exam

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：——Jerry，你能记得我们考试后要去哪里吗？——你忘了我们说好要去颐和园的吗？

考查宾语从句。根据“could you remember”可知，后面用宾语从句，应该用陈述句语序，即疑问词+主语+谓语+宾语，因此可以排除B和C；go to sp表示“去某地”，而句中用的是副词where，修饰动词go，所以介词to应省略，故选D。

8．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—The 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in China. Do you know ________?

—Yes. In Beijing and Zhangjiakou.

A．when it was held B．when was it held

C．what cities it will be held in D．what cities will it be held in

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：——2022年冬奥会将在中国举行。你知道它将在哪些城市举办吗？——是的。在北京和张家口。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和D选项。根据“In Beijing and Zhangjiakou”可知，从句是询问在哪个城市举办，故选C。

9．（2021·江苏镇江·中考真题）—When will Mr Liu come back to Zhenjiang?

—Sorry, I don’t know ________.

A．how long he will stay in Xinjiang B．how he went to Xinjiang

C．how soon will he be back from Xinjiang D．why he is going to Xinjiang

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：——刘先生什么时候回镇江？——对不起，我不知道他会在新疆待多久。

考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除C；根据问句“When will Mr Liu come back to Zhenjiang?”可知，此处对时间提问，故选A。

10．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Any news about China’s space station? Do you know ________?

—At the end of 2022, I think.

A．when it will be in service B．where it will be sent up

C．when will it be in service D．where will it be sent up

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：——有关于中国空间站的消息吗？你知道它什么时候可以使用吗？——我想2022年底。

考查宾语从句。根据“宾语从句要用陈述句语序”的原则，排除C/D选项；根据回答“At the end of 2022, I think.”可知，此处问的是时间，应用when引导，故选A。

11．（2021·重庆·中考真题）—Do you know ________?

—Yes. Next week. I’m preparing for it.

A．when will we have the singing competition

B．when we will have the singing competition

C．where will we have the singing competition

D．where we will have the singing competition

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行歌唱比赛吗？——是的。下周。我正在为它做准备。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。根据答语“Next week”可知，是询问时间，用when引导宾语从句，故选B。

12．（2021·安徽·中考真题）—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion is helpful to you.

—It certainly is. Every little bit helps.

A．why B．how C．whether D．where

【答案】C

【详解】

句意：——我不确定我的建议对你是否有帮助。——当然是。一点一滴都有帮助。

考查宾语从句。why为什么；how怎样；whether是否；where哪里。根据“I’m not sure … my suggestion is helpful to you”及“It certainly is”，可知，不确定是否有帮助，故选C。

13．（2021·四川泸州·中考真题）—Can you tell me ________ for the summer vacation?

—Why not volunteer at the museum?

A．what I should do B．what should I do C．when I should do D．when should I do

【答案】A

【详解】

句意：——你能告诉我暑假我该做什么吗？——为什么不去博物馆当志愿者呢？

考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，从句中用陈述语序，排除B、D选项；根据“Why not volunteer at the museum?”可推断，空格所在句提问暑假“应该做什么”。故选A。

14．（2021·四川自贡·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ at the meeting?

—Sorry, I don't know. I was not at the meeting.

A．what he would say B．what he said C．what did he say

【答案】B

【详解】

句意：——你能告诉我他在会上说了些什么吗？——对不起，我不知道。我没去开会。

考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me ...”可知tell后缺少直接宾语，此处用宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除C；再由“I was not at the meeting.”可知话是过去说的，用一般过去时，排除A。故选B。

15．（2021·重庆·中考真题）—I’m excited about Huawei’s new smartphones. Do you know ________?

—Next month.

A．how can I get one B．when will they come out

C．how I can get one D．when they will come out

【答案】D

【详解】

句意：——我很期待华为的新智能手机。你知道它们什么时候发布吗？——下个月。

考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AB；根据答语“Next month.”可知，对时间提问，故选D。

二、完成句子

16．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）能否完成这项任务并不取决于你愿意花多少时间。

Whether you can finish this task ________ to spend on it.

【答案】doesn’t depend on how much time you are willing

【详解】

取决于depend on，后接宾语从句，根据中文提示，此处是否定句，应用助动词do/does构成，主语是Whether you can finish this task，助动词用does，否成是doesn’t，后接动词原形；多少时间how much time，是宾语从句的引导词；你愿意you are willing to；故填doesn’t depend on how much time you are willing。

17．（2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）我们非常憧憬未来是什么样子的。

We’re really expecting ________.

【答案】what the future will be like

【详解】

根据中英文对比，空格处应填意为“未来是什么样子的”的宾语从句。what will the future be like意为“未来是什么样子的”，为疑问句，时态为一般将来时，其陈述句语序为what the future will be like，符合宾语从句陈述句结构，故填what the future will be like。

18．（2021·湖北黄石·中考真题）你知道他什么时候带我去参观他的工厂吗？

Do you know when _________ _________ _________ me _________ his factory?

【答案】     he     will     show     around

【详解】

他he，作主语；带某人参观某地show sb around sp；根据语意，动作还未发生，用一般将来时will do结构。故填he；will；show；around。

三、改写句子

19．（2021·上海·中考真题）“Have you visited the National Book Expo?” Linda asked me. （改为间接引语）

Linda asked me ________ I ________ visited the National Book Expo.

【答案】     whether#if     had

【详解】

句意：琳达问我是否参观过国家书展。此处直接引语“Have you visited the National Book Expo?”是一般疑问句，变为间接引语，用whether/if引导，直接引语是现在完成时，变为间接引语用过去完成时，故填whether/if；had。

20．（2021·四川达州·中考真题）Could you tell us? When does the band start playing this evening?（两句合并成一句）

Could you tell us ________ the band ________ playing this evening?

【答案】     when     starts

【详解】

句意：你能告诉我们吗？乐队今晚什么时候开始演奏？合并后句子是含有宾语从句的复合句，根据“When does the band start playing this evening?”可知用when引导宾语从句；宾语从句用陈述语序，去掉问句中does，主语the band后用start的第三人称单数形式starts。故填when；starts。