2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点14 阅读理解之应用文
展开核心考点14 阅读理解之应用文
一、考向分析
中考英语阅读理解的内容更趋生活化、信息化、时代化，较多涉及广告等实际应用文体。应用文是贴近日常生活的文体，包括通知、广告、申请书等，形式多样，题材各异，是近年来考查得比较多的一种文体。广告应用文语言地道，多采用简单句，很少用句型结构较为复杂的长、难句，因此读起来比较容易。但是此类文章篇幅较长，信息较多，而很多是对解题来说无用的信息。因此在解题时要注意掌握技巧。
二、考点详解
阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。
一、应用题的特点
解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。
纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。
应用文有以下特点：
1、有明确的读者对象。应用文都有明确特定的读者对象。
2、有比较固定的格式。根据不同的写作内容和任务，不同的应用文有不同的、相对稳定的格式和行文方式。
3、应用文（practical writing）的主要功能是解决实际问题，语言要求简洁、平实、有条理、不罗嗦，用恰当的语言把事情说清楚即可。
4、答案均匀分布（每个小标题下出一题，不可能一个小标题下出来2道题，比方说有三个小标题，就出3道题，若四道题，最后一题是主旨题）；
5、题文不一定同序（也就是说第一题不一定就在第二题的前面，但是非应用题就是题文同序－题目出现的顺序和文中的答案的顺序是一样的）；
6、一模一样（选项和文中句子）可以选；但非应用文，一模一样绝对错，当然除了单词释义、指代、观点态度外。
7、主旨题的解法（找各个小标题的主旨，这个时候要翻译各个小标题以总结各个小标题而得出结论。）
二、应用文的解题方法
考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从以下方面入手：
1、是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容。
2、是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。
3、读应用文标题、小标题，不翻译，提炼大写字母；
4、读题干，尽量翻译以便看出来a. 归类小标题，看题干属于哪个小标题；b.看题干问什么； c.扫描选项（大写字母、数字不需翻译）；
5、去短文中相应小标题下寻找答案。
三、真题再现
一、阅读单选
（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）
Sunshine Sports Park | ||
Opening Hours | Closed Days | |
Tuesday—Friday | 09:00-20:00 | Every Monday |
Saturday | 10:00-21:10 | October 1-7 |
Sunday | 10:00-19:00 | January 31-February 7 |
How many courts | How much | Buses |
2 volleyball courts 2 basketball courts 3 badminton courts 4 tennis courts | To use one court for one hour ,each group needs to pay Volleyball—120 yuan Basketball—120 yuan Badminton—80 yuan Tennis—80 yuan | (You can take a bus every 30 minutes) Underground→Park08:00-5:00 Park→Underground 10:30-16:00 |
◆We don’t have any ball or rackets(球拍). ◆You must not eat on the courts | ||
1．The opening hours of the Sunshine Sports Park on Sunday are ________.A．10:00-21.00 B．9:00-20:00 C．11:00-18 00 D．10:00-19:00
2．In Sunshine Sport Park people can play ________.
A．tennis, basketball, badminton and volleyball
B．football, volleyball, basketball and tennis
C．table tennis, basketball, badminton and volleyball
D．badminton, baseball, tennis and basketball
3．The meaning of the underlined word courts in Chinese is ________.
A．运动场 B．球场 C．田径场 D．足球场
4．To use a basketball court for two hours, the group should pay ________.
A．160 yuan B．80 yuan C．240 yuan D．120 yuan
5．There are altogether(总共) ________ buses from Park to Underground.
A．10 B．12 C．14 D．16
（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Summer reading programmes encourage students to read in the summer holiday. Below you’ll find a list of summer reading programmes this year that will offer you free things like books. Gift cards and more.
Xianfeng Summer Reading Programme | This year the programme gives out a free book to each child who reads and records 5 books during the summer. This programme is for students in Grade 1 — 6. This free programme runs from July 1 to August 31. | |
Xinhua Summer Reading Programme | Students can get a free baseball cap this summer from this reading programme. The students must read 4 of the recommended books and fill a form to show which ones they read. The programme goes on all year round. | |
Sanlian Summer Reading Challenge | Sanlian bookstores will give young readers a Star Reader certificate（证书） and a discount card（打折卡） if they read any 8 books over the summer. This programme is for students in Grade 7 — 9. This programme runs from May 1 to September 1. | |
Dangdang Summer Reading Challenge | Dangdang has a reading challenge where students read online and then record the minutes they’ve read. They can also take weekly challenges to get rewards. This programme runs from July 1 to October 1. |
6．This passage is about four summer reading programmes for ________ .A．teachers B．parents C．students D．online readers
7．Students can get ________ from Xianfeng Summer Reading Programme if they finish the task.
A．a free book B．a free baseball cap C．a certificate D．a discount card
8．Among the four programmes, ________ lasts the longest.
A．Xianfeng Summer Reading Programme B．Xinhua Summer Reading Programme
C．Sanlian Summer Reading Challenge D．Dangdang Summer Reading Challenge
9．Readers can get Dangdang rewards by ________.
A．reading 8 books B．taking weekly challenges
C．filling a form to show the books they read D．recording the number of the books they read
10．The purpose of the four programmes is ________.
A．to help bookstores sell books B．to give students some free things
C．to show students the importance of reading D．to encourage students to read more books
（2021·广东广州·中考真题）
Making a ScarecrowHow would you like your very own scarecrow (稻草人)? You can make one out of some old boards. You can use it to scare away birds in your garden. You can also put a scarecrow near your front door to give visitors a big surprise! Here are what you will need: ● a grown-up helper ● seven boards (each 10 cm wide): one 160 cm long; three 50 cm long; one 30 cm long; two 60 cm long ● a hammer and nails; safety pins; a pen ● a shirt with long sleeves ● a long skirt ● gloves and boots ● a hat and a pillow Step1: Lay the boards on the ground. Make the shape according to the picture. You will have two arm pieces left over.You will add them later. Step 2: Ask a grown-up to nail the pieces together. Step 3: Put the shirt on. Ask a grown-up to nail one arm piece to the shoulder. Let the sleeve fall down so that it covers the board. Pin the glove to the sleeve. Do the same with the other arm. Step 4: Put on the skirt. Step 5: Stick the pillow on top as the head. Draw eyes, a nose and a mouth on it. Step 6: Stand the body up and put it where you want. Step 7: Put the hat on and then put the boots under the skirt so it looks like it has feet. |
11．This passage is most probably written for ________.A．young kids B．parents C．grown-up helpers D．teachers
12．A scarecrow can be used to ________.
A．catch birds B．surprise your guests C．drive dogs away D．show visitors the way
13．Which shows the correct steps to make a scarecrow?
a.Prepare all that you need.
b.Let the body stand where you want.
c.Dress up the body and make a head for it.
d.Put the hat on and put the boots under the skirt.
e.Nail the body parts together according to the picture.
A．a-e-c-b-d B．a-e-b-c-d C．e-c-b-d-a D．e-a-c-d-b
（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）
NOTICE BOARD | |
Help for ChildrenWe need help at the Children’s Center. Are you available on weekends? Do you like children? Can you sing, dance or tell stories? Bring happiness to them and you’ll also enjoy yourself. Please call us at 132-8823 today! | Guitar Player WantedCan you play the guitar? Do you have time on Saturday? We need one guitar player to form a five-girl band so that we can give performances at the school art festival next month. Join us and let’s practice together. Please call me at 312-2372. |
Learn to Make PizzaThis week’s after-school activity is learning how to make pizza. Molly from the cooking club will teach us to make pizza. Don’t miss the chance. Time: 2 p.m.—4 p.m. this Friday Place: Room 208 Please call 223-8721. | FoundI found a school uniform on the playground. Is it yours? Ask Mr. Green for it. Mary Lost I lost my school ID card. I can do nothing without it. Call me at 722-9530. Thanks! Sally |
根据语言材料内容选择最佳答案。
14．You can call to ask for information about cooking.A．312-2372 B．132-8823 C．223-8721
15．If you have time on Sunday, you can .
A．help at the Children’s Center
B．learn how to make pizza
C．play the guitar in the band
16．According to the notice board, is needed in the band.
A．a girl who can play the piano
B．a boy who can play the guitar
C．a girl who can play the guitar
17．Which of the following is NOT true according to the notice board?
A．Mr. Green found a school uniform.
B．Molly knows how to make pizza.
C．Sally lost her school ID card.
18．Where can you find the notice board above?
A．At school. B．In the factory. C．In the shop.
（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）In the fight against COVID-19, many national heroes have become well-known to the public. On August 11, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping commended（表彰）four of them for their outstanding contribution（杰出的贡献）.
Zhong Nanshan was given the Medal of the Republic（共和国勋章）. He has been leading the Chinese government’s efforts in the fight against COVID-19. The old expert got a result that COVID-19 could be spread between humans. | |
“The People’s Hero” was given to three others. They are Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei. | |
Zhang Boli is a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） expert. He has been in charge of（负责） the research of COVID-19 treatments（治疗）connecting TCM with Western medicine. | |
Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018. However, he chose to stay with his partners in Wuhan to save lives. | |
Chen Wei is a professor. She has made great achievements in the research on COVID-19. She is also one of the key leaders in China’s Ebola vaccine（埃博拉疫苗）research. | |
The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
19．How many people was given “the People’s Hero” by Chinese President Xi Jinping?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
20．Who got an illness in 2018 according to the passage?
A．Zhong Nanshan. B．Zhang Boli. C．Zhang Dingyu. D．Chen Wei.
21．Which of the following is right in the passage?
A．Chen Wei is the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital.
B．Zhang Dingyu is a traditional Chinese medicine expert.
C．Zhong Nanshan got a result that COVID-19 could not be spread between humans.
D．Zhang Boli has been in charge of the research connecting TCM with Western medicine.
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