2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 热点05 阅读理解之碳中和碳达峰

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热点05  阅读理解之碳中和/碳达峰一、考向分析    中考书面表达题贴近学生实际生活，紧密联系热点话题，写作话题真实从而让考生有话可写。书面表达情景实用性程度高，各地试题都符合同学们的认知水平和日常生活经历，题目设计关注学生成长，注意培养其良好的道德品质和健全的人格。碳中和/碳达峰无疑是今年的火爆热点之一。二、考点详解1. 认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。2. 构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。3. 初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。4. 修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。三、真题再现（2021·浙江台州·中考真题）The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. “Unlike world leaders,” say the summit’s organizers, “young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan.”Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable. The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Let’s Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030. Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world.org where you can find out more.1．The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by ________.A．telling stories B．comparing facts C．giving examples D．listing numbers2．Max advises schools to ________.A．recycle and reuse old clothesB．prevent students from wasting paperC．have meetings on saving endangered sea fishD．provide more chances for students to enjoy the nature3．The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “________”.A．using up B．taking in C．sending out D．cutting down4．The purpose of the passage is mainly to ________.A．explain the problems with climate changeB．develop children’s ability to solve social problemsC．introduce the environmental organizations to schoolsD．encourage young people to care more about climate change【答案】1．C2．D3．C4．D【分析】文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。1．细节理解题。根据“For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.”列举了Marine  Conservation Society和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。3．词义猜测题。根据“Carbon-zero schools”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sending out”意思相近。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。（2021·广东·南山实验教育集团三模）Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight. A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇). A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits (排放). Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.China’s goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air.According to study co-author Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, “the afforestation (植树造林) activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in reaching that goal.”5．A recent study in Nature shows that ________.A．China has serious air pollution B．China has planted the most trees in the worldC．China has fewer CO2 emissions (排放) now D．China has planted fewer trees6．Carbon sinks will ________.A．absorb more CO2 than they emit B．give off CO2 emissions more quicklyC．release less CO2 into the air D．have no CO2 in their air7．According to Xinhua, China ________.A．is the world’s largest emitter of CO2 B．will bring CO2 emissions down after 2030C．will not release CO2 in the future D．will reach carbon neutrality by 20308．Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the passage?A．One way to fight climate is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.C．New forests in two parts of China absorbed more carbon dioxide than we thought.D．35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission.9．What do we know from the story?A．It takes a long time for carbon sinks to form. B．Climate change is no longer a serious problem.C．More trees will be planted in China in the future. D．China has beaten climate change.【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．D9．C【导语】本文报道了中国的植树造林在应对全球气候变化中起到的重大作用。5．推理判断题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought”可知，《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国现在的二氧化碳排放量减少了，故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits. Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere”，可知碳汇吸收的二氧化碳要比排放的多，故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“China’s goal is to peak its CO2 emissions before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality by 2060, Xinhua reported”，可知中国将在2030年后降低二氧化碳排放量，故选B。8．细节理解题。根据“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based carbon sinks”，可知是说这两个地区森林吸收的二氧化碳量约占中国陆地碳汇的35%，而不是中国35%的土地受到了二氧化碳排放的影响；“35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission”陈述错误，故选D。9．推理判断题。通读全文，结合“Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight”，可知植树造林有利于实现减少碳排放的目标，所以未来会种植更多的树木，故选C。（2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中学三模）If you want your children to grow up to be friendly to the environment, you have to start teaching them while they are young. The Internet can be a great tool for teaching your kids more about the environment and recycling. What are the best recycling websites for kids? Here they are.Website 1: www. kidsplanet.orgThis site has many great games for kids on the web of life, facts on different animals, and they provide excellent information on what kids can do to help protect their own environment. They even have their own Wildlife Adoption Center on the site.Website 2: www. kidsface.org This site is to provide information to kids on the environment and to encourage them to work on improving the world around them. It provides information on how they can work in their own community and how they can work on recycling.Website 3: www. epa. gov/students/This is the official site of the EPА in the United States. They include many great stories, games, and pictures. There are many funny cartoons that include facts about the environment that kids can enjoy. It also includes excellent ways that kids can improve the environment and keep nature alive as well.Website 4: www. childrenoftheearth.org The Children of the Earth website helps to provide information for kids that will allow them to understand and respect the world around them. Lessons are taught on plants, soil, energy, animals, and more. It helps them to learn about how their actions can either have bad or good effects (影响) on the environment. 10．Who does the writer most likely write this passage for?A．parents B．workers C．kids              D．officers11．What do these websites have in common?A．They are all official sites of governments. B．Kids can play different games on these websites.C．Many interesting games are ready for kids, D．They all provide information about the environment.12．Which website provides cartoons about the environment?A．www. kidsplanet.org. B．www. kidsface.org. C．www. epa. gov/students/.              D．www.childrenoftheearth org.【答案】10．A11．D12．C【分析】文章介绍了几个最好的儿童回收网站，供孩子们学习有关环境保护和回收的知识。10．推理判断题。根据“If you want your children to grow up to be friendly to the environment, you have to start teaching them while they are young. The Internet can be a great tool for teaching your kids more about the environment and recycling.”可知，文章是写给父母的，故选A。11．细节理解题。根据“...what kids can do to help protect their own environment”以及“...provide information to kids on the environment”以及“...include facts about the environment...”以及“...how their actions can either have bad or good effects (影响) on the environment.”可知，这些网站都是与环境有关的，故选D。12．细节理解题。根据“Website 3: www. epa. gov/students/...There are many funny cartoons that include facts about the environment that kids can enjoy.”可知，www. epa. gov/students/这个网站提供有关环境的动画片，故选C。（2021·河南·模拟预测）What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people don’t know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers which are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade(升级).Yet many people are throwing away good computers, while others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working on this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one person’s rubbish into someone else’s useful things and cut down waste, too.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。13．What do many people do with old computers?A．They repair them. B．They sell them.C．They send them to others. D．They stop using them.14．How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph？A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.15．According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must ________.A．recycle most of their products B．collect all their used productsC．repair and upgrade old computers D．make more cheaper computers16．What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?A．Help the computer companies to collect them.B．Repair and send them to those who need them.C．Help people to learn to use them.D．Turn rubbish into useful things.17．What is the main idea of this passage?A．Repairing old computers. B．Encouraging to make cheap computers.C．Recycling old computers. D．Helping those who need computers.【答案】13．D14．C15．A16．B17．C【分析】文章介绍了现在很多电脑公司都在进行旧电脑回收，也建议人们把不用的电脑送给一些有需要的人，以减少浪费。13．细节理解题。根据“Most people don’t know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.”可知，大多数人都不知道如何应对。许多旧电脑被收起来了。更多的只是作为垃圾扔掉。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据“Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.”可知，文中提到了Sony, Dell和Hewlett Packard三家电脑公司，故选C。15．细节理解题。根据“Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled.”可知，电脑公司必须回收他们的旧产品。故选A。16．细节理解题。根据“They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them.”可知，他们收集和修理旧电脑。有些人还教别人如何修理电脑。这些修理过的电脑然后送到学校、慈善机构或需要它们的人那里。故选B。17．主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文主要讲述电脑厂家回收它们产品的事，故选C。（2021·上海·上外附中七年级期末）Imagine being a business that regularly takes high quantities of your own products worth millions of pounds and burns them up. Your stock（库存）literally goes up in smoke. It sounds crazy, but the practice is common for some of the world’s biggest clothing manufacturers. They argue that it is the most cost-effective way of maintaining their brand’s exclusivity（独特性）.The clothes that are burned are those that do not sell at a high enough price. Rather than watch them go on sale, the companies would set fire to them and regain a small amount of energy.Nobody knows exactly how much unsold stock is burnt annually by those fashion houses, but burning clothes has various negative impacts on the environment. For example, burning clothes made from artificial fibers may release plastic microfibers into the atmosphere, which worsens global warming. A UK parliamentary committee report on sustainability and the fashion industry advises the government to ban the burning of unsold stock if it can be reused or recycled.Actually, there are other approaches. What if those companies had a section tasked with taking back unsold clothes, redesigning them into new products, and shipping out the new products to the market once again?There is also now an opportunity to focus on biodegradable（可生物降解的） fabrics. Clothes that break down faster might not have to be burned. They would also appeal to those who care about the environmental impact of their own wardrobes.Additionally, we have an over-production problem. According to the World Bank, while clothing sales have risen steadily since 2000, clothing utilization has fallen at roughly the same rate. For every extra T-shirt that is sold, it will be worn roughly half as much as it would have been 20 years ago. That means better forecasting market trends would in theory result in less waste.Burning clothes won’t happen simply through fashion firms. The scale of fashion production has to change. And it’s important to recognize that these consumer-focused brands will only go where the market takes them. If protecting the environment really matters to the public, they have to make clear that they want more sustainable clothing in the first place. Without consumers demanding that, it won’t change.18．According to the passage, why do clothing firms choose to burn instead of selling clothes at a discount?A．They don’t want to be copied. B．It costs the least and profits the most.C．There are quality problems. D．The manufacturer went bankrupt.19．Paragraph three mainly talks about ________.A．how important the U. K parliamentary committee report isB．why fashion firms should end burning unsold stockC．why fashion firms bum unsold clothes in large numbers every yearD．how artificial fabrics will contribute to global warming20．The underlined expression “clothing utilization” in the sixth paragraph means ________.A．how long clothing last B．how well clothing sellsC．how often clothing is used D．how clothing is designed21．According to the article, which of the following is NOT a better way of dealing with unsold clothes than burning them?A．Redesigning and making them into new clothes.B．Making consumers feel better about their purchases.C．Conducting research on market demand before production.D．Making clothes out of environmentally-friendly materials.22．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Consumers play a key role in stopping burning clothes.B．Burning clothes is a better option for every fashion firm.C．The secret that some fashion firms burn clothes is well kept.D．Today’s clothes are better than those two decades ago.【答案】18．B19．B20．C21．B22．A【分析】文章主要谈论了时装店常烧掉未出售的衣服库存的现象，指出这对环境不好，并提出了处理该现象的方法。18．细节理解题。根据“They argue that it is the most cost-effective way of maintaining their brand’s exclusivity（独特性）.”可知，他们辩称，这是保持品牌独特性的最具成本效益的方式，故选B。19．主旨大意题。根据“Nobody knows exactly how much unsold stock is burnt annually by those fashion houses, but burning clothes has various negative impacts on the environment. For example...”可知，本段主要是讲为什么时装公司应该停止焚烧未售出的库存，故选B。20．词义猜测题。根据“According to the World Bank, while clothing sales have risen steadily since 2000, clothing utilization has fallen at roughly the same rate. For every extra T-shirt that is sold, it will be worn roughly half as much as it would have been 20 years ago.”虽然自2000年以来服装销售稳步增长，但clothing utilization却以大致相同的速度下降。每售出一件额外的T恤，其穿着率大约是20年前的一半。所以“clothing utilization”指的是“服装利用率”，故选C。21．细节理解题。根据“Actually, there are other approaches...and shipping out the new products to the market once again?”可知，这里说的是如果这些公司有一个部门负责收回未售出的衣服，重新设计成新产品，并将新产品再次运送到市场上，排除A；根据“There is also now an opportunity to focus on biodegradable（可生物降解的） fabrics...”可知，有机会关注可生物降解的织物，排除D选项；根据“That means better forecasting market trends would in theory result in less waste.”可知，这意味着更好地预测市场趋势在理论上会减少浪费。排除C选项；故选B。22．段落大意题。根据“If protecting the environment really matters to the public...Without consumers demanding that, it won’t change.”可知，这里说的是消费者在阻止烧掉衣服方面起着关键作用，故选A。